CN113787578B - Preparation method of graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated modified poplar veneer - Google Patents
Preparation method of graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated modified poplar veneer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113787578B CN113787578B CN202111133789.4A CN202111133789A CN113787578B CN 113787578 B CN113787578 B CN 113787578B CN 202111133789 A CN202111133789 A CN 202111133789A CN 113787578 B CN113787578 B CN 113787578B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/001—Heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/04—Combined bleaching or impregnating and drying of wood
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a sound-proof graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated modified poplar veneer, which comprises the following steps: 1) pre-preparation, which comprises the steps of poplar veneer delignification pretreatment and preparation of graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid; the poplar veneer delignification pretreatment is to delignify the poplar veneer by adopting a sodium chlorite method; 2) impregnating a poplar veneer with graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin: immersing the poplar veneer into graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid, pressing the top of the poplar veneer by using a weight, and impregnating the poplar veneer at normal temperature and normal pressure after vacuum pressurization impregnation until the poplar veneer is permeated by the impregnation liquid; 3) drying until the weight of the poplar veneer is not changed any more, and obtaining the graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated modified poplar veneer. The preparation process designed by the invention can obtain the modified poplar veneer with the best sound insulation performance, a small amount of graphene oxide is added, the average sound insulation amount in a high-frequency section can be improved by 10% -50%, and compared with the raw materials, the average sound insulation amount in the high-frequency section is improved by 77%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated modified poplar veneer.
Background
Sound pollution is next to atmospheric pollution at present and brings huge influence to daily life, work and study of people. The wood is a common material in the field of home decoration, but the sound insulation performance of the wood is poor, and common methods for improving the sound insulation performance of the wood comprise super-thick sound insulation, compounding with sound absorption materials, sound insulation structure design and the like. The wood resource is deficient, people focus on the artificial fast-growing forest, but the fast-growing wood has the problems of loose material, low density, mechanical strength and the like. The resin densification impregnation treatment technology is an effective method for improving the performance of the fast-growing wood. Since the coming out, graphene is a star filler in nano functional fillers by virtue of the characteristics of high effective specific area, high strength, high thermal conductivity, high electron mobility and the like. Although the acoustic performance of graphene modified wood starts, research results such as improvement of high-frequency sound absorption capacity by graphene filled cork and recognition of sound vibration by graphene flexible wood prove that the graphene modified wood has the capacity of improving the acoustic performance of wood. At present, the wood sound insulation material is compounded with a material with sound absorption capacity, and is one of important development directions of the wood sound insulation material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a poplar veneer modified by impregnating graphene furfuryl alcohol resin, which can effectively improve the acoustic performance of the poplar veneer.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a sound insulation graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated modified poplar veneer comprises the following steps:
1) pre-preparation, which comprises the steps of poplar veneer delignification pretreatment and preparation of graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid;
the poplar veneer delignification pretreatment is to delignify the poplar veneer by adopting a sodium chlorite method;
the preparation method of the graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid comprises the following specific steps: adding maleic anhydride and borax into distilled water, heating and magnetically stirring until powder is fully dissolved, slowly adding a furfuryl alcohol solution at a speed of 1-4 mL/s, magnetically stirring at normal temperature, slowly adding graphene oxide at a speed of 4-12 mg/s, heating and magnetically stirring until the solution is uniform in color, performing ultrasonic treatment, and then standing to obtain a graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation solution;
2) impregnating poplar veneers with graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin: immersing poplar veneer into graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid and pressurizing, wherein the impregnation liquid is 1m in each time2The pressure of the single board is not less than 200N, the vacuum impregnation is carried out by vacuumizing, and then the normal temperature and normal pressure impregnation is carried out, so that the poplar single board is penetrated by the impregnation liquid.
3) Drying until the weight of the poplar veneer is not changed any more, and obtaining the graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated modified poplar veneer.
Preferably, in the step 1), the mass concentration of the maleic anhydride in the aqueous solution is 1%, the mass concentration of the boric acid in the aqueous solution is 1-1.2%, and the boric acid is used as a buffering agent to adjust the pH value to be more than or equal to 5. Preferably, the mass concentration of the furfuryl alcohol solution in the step 1) is 30-50%.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the graphene oxide in the step 1) is 0.5-1% of the mass of the added furfuryl alcohol solution.
Preferably, the mass fraction of sodium chlorite in the step 1) is 5-6%, glacial acetic acid is added to adjust the pH value to be within a range of 3-4, the poplar veneer is soaked in the sodium chlorite, the poplar veneer is heated in a water bath at 86 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and the poplar veneer is soaked in deionized water for 3-5 times until the deionized water is clear and transparent, and is soaked in absolute ethyl alcohol for later use.
Preferably, the step 2) is to remove the absolute ethyl alcohol on the surface of the poplar veneer and then immerse the poplar veneer into the graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid, and when a plurality of poplar veneers are simultaneously impregnated, glass sheets are adopted to separate the poplar veneers.
Preferably, the vacuum pressurization treatment in the step 2) is carried out for not less than two times, the vacuum degree is 14psi, the pressure is released after the vacuum time treatment is carried out for 1h, the poplar veneer is turned over and then subjected to the next vacuum pressurization treatment, and the poplar veneer is soaked at normal temperature and normal pressure until the poplar veneer is in a light brown yellow and semitransparent state.
Preferably, the graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid on the surface of the poplar veneer is wiped off in the step 3), the poplar veneer is wrapped by the tinfoil and placed into a constant-temperature air-blowing drying oven, the first drying is carried out at the temperature of 25 ℃/h to 100 ℃ for constant-temperature drying for 3h, the furfuryl alcohol resin is prevented from losing mass in the heating process, the tinfoil on the surface of the poplar veneer is removed, and the second drying is carried out at the constant temperature of 80 ℃ for 24h until the mass is not changed any more.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the furfuryl alcohol resin raw material is derived from biomass, so that the production process is simpler; and is environmentally friendly in the production, use and disposal processes. Meanwhile, the furfuryl alcohol is resistant to heat, water and chemical corrosion, and has excellent resistance to acid, alkali, salt and organic solvents.
(2) The pH value is controlled to be more than or equal to 5, so that the furfuryl alcohol resin is ensured to be in a straight chain type by self-polycondensation and is easier to enter the wood.
(3) The hydroxyl group of the furfuryl alcohol can be combined with the carboxyl group of the graphene oxide, so that the dispersibility of the graphene oxide in the furfuryl alcohol solution is improved, and the graphene effect is better exerted; meanwhile, compared with the dispersibility of the graphene oxide with the same concentration in different resins, the graphene oxide has the advantages of good dispersibility and good stability in the furfuryl alcohol resin, and plays an important role in subsequent industrialization.
(4) The color of the poplar can be modified by controlling the drying time and temperature, and the modified poplar veneer has bright color.
(5) The sound insulation performance of the delignified modified poplar impregnated with the graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin is remarkably improved in a high-frequency stage, and the sound insulation performance is improved by 77% compared with that of the raw material by the preparation process designed by the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a reaction scheme of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the dispersion of the same concentration of graphene oxide in different common resin solutions.
Fig. 4 is a measured value of the sound insulation performance of the poplar modified by graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin at a medium-high frequency range.
Fig. 5 is a measured value of sound insulation of middle-high frequency band and high frequency band of different resin/graphene impregnation liquid after delignification.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the sound insulation graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated modified poplar veneer comprises the following steps:
1) pre-preparation, which comprises the steps of poplar veneer delignification pretreatment and preparation of graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid;
delignification pretreatment of poplar veneers: the poplar veneer is a rotary cut material, burrs on the surface and the edge are removed, delignification is carried out by a sodium chlorite method (the mass fraction of sodium chlorite is 5-6%, glacial acetic acid is added to adjust the pH value to be within a range of 3-4), heating is carried out in a water bath at 86 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and deionized water is soaked for 3-5 times until the deionized water is clear and transparent. Soaking in anhydrous ethanol.
Preparing a graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid: (1) preparing an acid solution to catalyze the self-polycondensation of furfuryl alcohol, wherein the mass fraction of maleic anhydride and borax is 1: 1, adjusting the pH value to be more than or equal to 5, heating in a water bath at 45 ℃, and magnetically stirring until the powder is fully dissolved in distilled water; wherein, maleic anhydride is used as a catalyst, and borax is used as a buffering agent; (2) slowly adding a furfuryl alcohol solution, wherein the concentration of the furfuryl alcohol solution is regulated to be 30-50 percent and is a preferred furfuryl alcohol concentration range, magnetically stirring at normal temperature for 10min, and clarifying the solution to be light brown yellow; (3) slowly adding graphene oxide, wherein the mass fraction of the graphene oxide is 0.5-1% of the mass of the furfuryl alcohol solution, heating in a water bath to 35 ℃, and magnetically stirring until the solution is uniform brown-black; (4) ultrasonic treatment with treatment power of 400W and treatment time of 20 min. (5) Standing for 2h before soaking.
2) Impregnating a poplar veneer with graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin: (1) wiping off absolute ethyl alcohol on the surface of the poplar veneer by using a dust-free paper towel, immersing the poplar veneer into graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid, cutting each layer of the poplar veneer by using a glass sheet with the thickness of 2mm and the diameter of 20mm, and pressing the top of the poplar veneer by using a weight; (2) performing vacuum pressurization treatment twice, wherein the vacuum degree is 14psi, the pressure is released after the vacuum time is 1h, turning over the poplar veneer, and repeating the steps for 2h in total; (3) releasing the pressure, soaking for 12h at normal temperature and normal pressure, and taking out the soaked material after the treatment is finished.
3) Drying the poplar veneer impregnated with the graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin: (1) wiping off graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid on the surface of the poplar veneer by using a dust-free paper towel; (2) wrapping the poplar veneer with tinfoil, putting the poplar veneer into a constant-temperature blast drying oven, drying for the first time at a constant temperature of 25 ℃/h to 100 ℃ and drying for 3h at the constant temperature, so as to prevent the furfuryl alcohol resin from losing quality in the heating process; (3) and removing the tin paper on the surface of the poplar veneer, drying for the second time, and treating at the constant temperature of 80 ℃ for 24 hours until the quality is not changed any more, so that the graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin modified poplar veneer with better color and luster and excellent performance can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a reaction mechanism diagram of graphene oxide and furfuryl alcohol, in the dispersion liquid, a hydroxyl group of furfuryl alcohol can perform an esterification reaction with a carboxyl group of graphene oxide to covalently modify graphene oxide, so as to improve the dispersibility and stability of graphene oxide in the solution and better exert the graphene effect.
As shown in fig. 3, the dispersion conditions of the same concentration of graphene oxide in different common resin solutions are shown. From left to right, the dispersion conditions of graphene in polyurethane resin with the mass fraction of 50%, phenolic resin with the mass fraction of 20%, epoxy resin with the mass fraction of 20% and furfuryl alcohol resin with the mass fraction of 50% are sequentially shown, the resin concentration is adjusted according to the self viscosity, the graphene is subjected to the ultrasonic treatment with the same normal-temperature magnetic stirring for 10min and the power of 400W for 20min, after standing for 30min, the graphene is precipitated in the polyurethane resin, the phenolic resin and the epoxy resin, the graphene is obviously layered after 24h, and the graphene is stably dispersed in the furfuryl alcohol resin solution all the time. The stable dispersion of the graphene in the furfuryl alcohol resin plays an important role in cyclic utilization in the later period and improving the economic benefit.
The sound insulation amount of the prepared graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin modified poplar veneer was measured by using an impedance tube method, and the result is shown in fig. 4. RW is poplar veneer processed at 80 deg.C until the quality no longer changes; RW-K is poplar veneer without delignification treatment and only impregnated with furfuryl alcohol resin; RW-KG is poplar veneer without delignification, impregnated with graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin; TW-K is poplar veneer which is only impregnated with furfuryl alcohol resin by the delignification method; TW-KG is the poplar veneer corresponding to the example. It can be seen that the poplar veneer treated by the method has better sound insulation performance at a high-frequency stage. Delignification establishes more channels for enabling impregnation liquid to smoothly enter wood, and sound insulation performance can be improved by more than 10% by only adding 0.5% -1% of graphene.
As shown in fig. 5, the sound insulation performance of the furfuryl alcohol resin/graphene impregnated material is better under the condition of the same concentration of graphene content, as seen from the sound insulation amounts of the medium-high frequency band and the high frequency band of different resin/graphene impregnating solutions impregnated after delignification. At the stage of 4000-5000 Hz, the sound insulation quantity is obviously reduced under the influence of the natural frequency of the wood, but the performance of the furfuryl alcohol resin/graphene impregnated material is always higher than that of the log. From the average sound insulation, the raw wood, the phenolic resin/graphene impregnated material, the polyurethane resin/graphene impregnated material, the epoxy resin/graphene impregnated material and the furfuryl alcohol resin/graphene impregnated material are 31.81dB, 31.01dB, 30.24dB, 33.48dB and 52.7dB in sequence, so that the acoustic performance of the material can be obviously improved by the preparation process provided by the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a sound insulation graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated modified poplar veneer comprises the following steps:
1) pre-preparation, which comprises the steps of poplar veneer delignification pretreatment and preparation of graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid;
the poplar veneer delignification pretreatment is to delignify the poplar veneer by adopting a sodium chlorite method;
the preparation method of the graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid comprises the following specific steps: adding maleic anhydride and borax into distilled water, heating and magnetically stirring until the powder is fully dissolved, slowly adding a furfuryl alcohol solution at the speed of 1-4 mL/s, magnetically stirring at normal temperature, slowly adding graphene oxide at the speed of 4-12 mg/s, heating and magnetically stirring until the solution is uniform in color, performing ultrasonic treatment, and standing to obtain a graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation solution;
2) impregnating a poplar veneer with graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin: immersing poplar veneer into graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid and pressurizing, wherein the impregnation liquid is 1m in each time2The pressure of the veneer is not less than 200N, the veneer is vacuumized and vacuum impregnated, and then the veneer is impregnated at normal temperature and normal pressure;
3) drying until the weight of the poplar veneer is not changed any more, and obtaining the graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated modified poplar veneer.
2. The preparation method of the graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated modified poplar veneer according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the mass concentration of maleic anhydride in the aqueous solution is 1%, the mass concentration of boric acid in the aqueous solution is 1-1.2%, and the boric acid is used as a buffering agent to adjust the pH value to be more than or equal to 5.
3. The preparation method of the graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated and modified poplar veneer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass concentration of the furfuryl alcohol solution in the step 1) is 30-50%.
4. The preparation method of the graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated and modified poplar veneer according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass fraction of the graphene oxide in the step 1) is 0.5-1% of the mass of the added furfuryl alcohol solution.
5. The preparation method of the graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated and modified poplar veneer according to claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the mass fraction of sodium chlorite is 5-6%, glacial acetic acid is added to adjust the pH value to be within a range of 3-4, the poplar veneer is soaked in the sodium chlorite, the poplar veneer is heated in a water bath at 86 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and the poplar veneer is soaked in deionized water for 3-5 times until the deionized water is clear and transparent, and is soaked in absolute ethyl alcohol for later use.
6. The preparation method of the graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated and modified poplar veneer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: and 2) removing the absolute ethyl alcohol on the surfaces of the poplar veneers, and then soaking the poplar veneers into the graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid, wherein when a plurality of poplar veneers are simultaneously impregnated, glass sheets are adopted to separate the poplar veneers.
7. The preparation method of the graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated and modified poplar veneer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: and 2) performing vacuum pressurization treatment for not less than two times, wherein the vacuum degree is 14psi, performing vacuum time treatment for 1h, then releasing pressure, turning over the poplar veneer, performing vacuum pressurization treatment again, and soaking at normal temperature and normal pressure until the poplar veneer is in a light brown yellow and semitransparent state.
8. The preparation method of the graphene furfuryl alcohol resin impregnated and modified poplar veneer according to claim 7, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: and 3) wiping off the graphene/furfuryl alcohol resin impregnation liquid on the surface of the poplar veneer in the step 3), wrapping the poplar veneer with tinfoil, putting the poplar veneer into a constant-temperature air-blast drying oven, heating to 100 ℃ at a speed of 25 ℃/h for drying for 3h at a constant temperature in the first drying process, preventing the furfuryl alcohol resin from losing quality in the heating process, removing the tinfoil on the surface of the poplar veneer, and performing constant-temperature treatment at a temperature of 80 ℃ in the second drying process until the quality is not changed any more.
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| WO2020130499A2 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | 한국과학기술원 | Porous structure-based graphene foam and manufacturing method therefor |
| WO2021067538A1 (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2021-04-08 | Xg Sciences, Inc. | Graphene-modified polymeric foams |
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