CN113787386B - Inner and outer diameter grinding processing method for stepped hole thin-wall steel part - Google Patents
Inner and outer diameter grinding processing method for stepped hole thin-wall steel part Download PDFInfo
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- CN113787386B CN113787386B CN202111067347.4A CN202111067347A CN113787386B CN 113787386 B CN113787386 B CN 113787386B CN 202111067347 A CN202111067347 A CN 202111067347A CN 113787386 B CN113787386 B CN 113787386B
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/01—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor for combined grinding of surfaces of revolution and of adjacent plane surfaces on work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B3/00—General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
- B24B41/067—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies radially supporting workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
- B24B5/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces externally
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
- B24B5/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces internally
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B7/10—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B7/16—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an inner and outer diameter grinding processing method of a stepped hole thin-wall steel part, which realizes the center alignment adjustment and positioning clamping of the precise stepped hole thin-wall steel part by adopting an innovative clamp, and solves the problem of scrapping of parts caused by deformation of the precise stepped hole thin-wall steel part caused by clamping of the clamp during grinding processing in product production. The invention is suitable for processing various thin-wall steel parts with precise stepped holes, the positioning precision is high, the operation is simple, the workpiece loading and unloading are convenient, the axial clamping force is firmly adsorbed on a working surface by a permanent magnet, the radial clamping force can uniformly act on the clamped workpiece, and the clamping force can be adjusted in a certain range according to different conditions. The processing range is wide, and the applicability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining, and particularly relates to a grinding method for inner and outer diameters of a stepped hole thin-wall steel part.
Background
At present, the grinding processing method for the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part is generally that after the inner diameter and the outer diameter are firstly machined to be the reserved grinding size, the part to be ground is firstly supported from the centering chuck through three claws, the outer diameter is ground to the finished size, then the special die sleeve is used for clamping the thin-wall steel part with the ground outer diameter, and then the inner diameter is ground to the finished size. The thin-wall part can deform under the action of clamping force of the clamping jaw, so that the workpiece is scrapped out of tolerance and cannot be used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a grinding processing method for the inner and outer diameters of a stepped hole thin-wall steel part, which aims to solve the technical problems that: solves the problem that the part is scrapped due to overlarge deformation caused by clamping force in the processing process of the thin-wall steel part.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a grinding processing method for the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a stepped hole thin-wall steel part, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, finely turning the inner diameter, the outer diameter and the end surface length of a bench hole thin-wall steel part, wherein the reserved allowance of the inner diameter, the outer diameter and the end surface length is 0.5-0.8 mm;
s2, placing the part with the step S1 on a flat grinding table, and grinding two ends of the part by using a flat grinding machine to ensure the parallelism of the two ends of the workpiece;
s3, mounting the part subjected to the step S2 on a clamp for grinding the outer diameter of the step hole thin-wall steel part, and grinding the outer diameter and the end face of the step hole thin-wall steel part to the size of a finished product;
the fixture for grinding the outer diameter of the step hole thin-wall steel part comprises a permanent magnet inner sleeve 3, 2 internal fixed square permanent magnets 4, a rotatable square permanent magnet 9, an external grinding support clamping tile 11, a wedge-shaped support block and an adjusting rod 21;2 internal fixed square permanent magnets 4 are arranged in the permanent magnet inner sleeve 3; the rotatable square permanent magnet 9 is arranged in the permanent magnet inner sleeve 3 through a rotating shaft; the outer grinding support clamping tile 11 is fixedly connected with one end of the inner sleeve of the permanent magnet, which is close to the rotatable square permanent magnet; the step hole thin-wall steel part with the outer diameter to be processed is sleeved on the outer grinding support clamping tile 11; the outer grinding support clamp tile 11 is provided with a plurality of grooves for placing wedge-shaped support blocks, the adjusting rod 21 is of a variable cross-section structure, and is screwed into the outer grinding support clamp tile 11, and the adjusting rod is matched with the wedge-shaped support blocks to enable the wedge-shaped support blocks to extend outwards to support the stage hole thin-wall steel parts to be processed;
s4, extending out of an outer diameter grinding wheel, grinding the reserved allowance of the thin-wall steel part with the outer diameter to be processed to a finished product size, and finishing grinding the outer diameter surface and the exposed end face of the workpiece in one-time clamping during processing to ensure the perpendicularity of the outer circle of the workpiece and the exposed end face of the workpiece;
s5, detaching the outer grinding support clamping tile for machining the outer diameter, replacing the outer grinding support clamping tile with a special tool for machining the inner diameter, before grinding the inner hole, aligning the outer circle of the clamp part by means of the outer circle of the clamp part, penetrating the inner diameter grinding wheel into the stage hole thin-wall steel part with the inner diameter to be machined, and grinding the reserved allowance on the inner diameter of the stage hole thin-wall steel part with the inner diameter to be machined to the size of a finished product.
In S1, the thin-wall steel part is processed by adopting a pipe material or a qualified formed blank is selected, and the outer diameter surface and the bottom surface of the workpiece are turned in one clamping, so that the perpendicularity of the outer circle of the workpiece and the bottom surface of the workpiece is ensured.
The rotating shafts comprise an upper square rotating shaft 6, a middle square rotating shaft and a lower square rotating shaft 10; the rotatable square permanent magnet 9 is sleeved on the middle square rotating shaft 7 and fixed; the square grooves at the two ends of the middle square rotating shaft 7 are respectively provided with a lower square rotating shaft 10 and an upper square rotating shaft 6.
The lower square rotating shaft 10 and the upper square rotating shaft 6 are arranged on the permanent magnet inner sleeve, and the fixed iron sheet 5 is fixed on the permanent magnet inner sleeve 3 to limit the upper square rotating shaft 6.
By rotating the upper square rotating shaft, the magnetic pole direction of the rotatable square permanent magnet 9 is changed, and when the rotatable square permanent magnet 9 and 2 internal fixed square permanent magnets 4 form a closed loop of a magnetic circuit and generate no suction force on objects.
The other end of the permanent magnet inner sleeve 3 is fixed with a central shaft 17, the central shaft 17 is placed in the body 12, a plurality of radial adjusting screws 13 penetrate through the body and are screwed into square grooves of the central shaft 17 to be fixed, a gap between the square grooves of the central shaft 17 and the diameter sizes of positioning shafts of the radial adjusting screws is 0.02-0.03 mm, and the wedge-shaped supporting blocks are soft rubber wedge-shaped supporting blocks.
The special internal grinding tool comprises an internal grinding special sleeve 22, an adjusting screw 23, an adjusting spring 25, 2 semicircular fixing sleeves 26, radial adjusting screws 27 and radial fixing claws 28; the adjusting spring 25 and the semicircular fixing sleeve 26 are fixed on the adjusting screw rod 23, the adjusting screw rod 23 stretches into the special sleeve 22 for internal grinding, the adjusting screw rod is fixed outside the special sleeve for internal grinding by the adjusting nut 24, the adjusting screw rod 23 drives the semicircular fixing sleeve 26 to open by rotating the adjusting nut 24, the radial adjusting screw 27 penetrates through the outer wall of the special sleeve for internal grinding in the radial direction and is connected with the outer wall of the special sleeve for internal grinding in a threaded manner, and the boss of the radial fixing claw 28 is placed into the inner hole of the radial adjusting screw 27; the radial fixing claw 28 is driven to clamp the stepped hole thin-wall steel part by rotating the radial adjusting screw 27.
The horseshoe chip-preventing ring 15 is embedded between the end surface of the body 12 and the central shaft 17.
The body 12 is connected with the flange 18, and the flange 18 is fixedly connected with the driving shaft of the grinding machine.
The adjustment soft rubber pad 29 is adhered to the inner circumference of the radial fixing claws 28 with fixing glue.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention ensures the grinding precision of the thin-wall steel part with the precise stepped hole, realizes the center alignment adjustment and positioning clamping of the thin-wall steel part with the precise stepped hole by adopting the clamp with innovative design in the clamping stage, and solves the problem of scrapping of parts caused by deformation of the thin-wall steel part with the precise stepped hole due to the clamping of the clamp in the product production. The invention is suitable for processing various thin-wall steel parts with precise stepped holes, the positioning precision is high, the operation is simple, the workpiece loading and unloading are convenient, the axial clamping force is firmly adsorbed on a working surface by a permanent magnet, the radial clamping force can uniformly act on the clamped workpiece, and the clamping force can be adjusted in a certain range according to different conditions. The processing range is wide, and the applicability is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1-semi-finished drawing of precision thin-walled steel parts with finished inner and outer diameters and lengths
FIG. 2-schematic diagram of a two-end flat mill ready for precision thin-walled steel parts
FIG. 3-schematic diagram of an installed permanent magnet adsorption unit and external grinding support shoe clamping fixture
FIG. 4-section A-a, B-B of FIG. 3
FIG. 5-C-C, D-D cross-sectional view of an external grinding support shoe
FIG. 6-schematic diagram of a permanent magnet adsorption tool and 4-item adjustable tool combination
FIG. 7-E cross-sectional view of FIG. 6
FIG. 8-connecting and fixing schematic diagram of tool and grinding machine
FIG. 9-finishing the outer diameter grinding clamping schematic diagram of the part to be processed
FIG. 10-F-F, G-G cross-sectional view of FIG. 9
FIG. 11-schematic diagram of a tool for replacement of an internal grinding tool
FIG. 12-finishing the inner diameter grinding clamping schematic diagram of the part to be processed
FIG. 13-H-H section view of FIG. 12
FIG. 14-the I-I cross-sectional view of FIG. 12.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention will be given.
The invention provides a grinding processing method for the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a stepped hole thin-wall steel part, which specifically comprises the following processing steps:
s1, finely turning the inner diameter, the outer diameter and the end surface length of a bench hole thin-wall steel part 1, wherein the inner diameter, the outer diameter and the end surface length are 0.5-0.8 mm in the size of a finished product according to a drawing, or selecting a qualified formed blank, turning the outer diameter surface and the bottom surface of a workpiece in one-time clamping, and guaranteeing the perpendicularity between the outer circle of the workpiece and the bottom surface of the workpiece, as shown in figure 1;
if the part structure is not suitable to be processed by adopting the pipe material, in order to avoid the waste of materials, the part which does not need to bear high overload and has no special requirement on comprehensive mechanical properties can be cast into a blank. If the parts need to bear certain high overload and have corresponding requirements on comprehensive mechanical properties, the die forging blank or the forced spinning blank can be considered on the premise of saving cost, but corresponding blank manufacturing technical requirements are required to be put forward according to product design requirements.
S2, placing the part with the step S1 on a flat grinding table, fixing two ends of the part with 2 step V-shaped fixed irons 2 at two ends, and grinding the two ends with a flat grinding machine to ensure the parallelism of the two ends of a workpiece, as shown in FIG. 2;
and (3) carrying out flat grinding processing on the parts subjected to finish turning processing, so as to ensure the parallelism of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the workpiece. The position precision of subsequent processing can be ensured by flat grinding, and the adsorption strength of subsequent processing can be ensured.
S3, mounting the part subjected to the step S2 on a special fixture for grinding the outer diameter and the end face to the finished product size, and grinding the outer diameter of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part to the finished product size:
because the process is a fine grinding process, a special machine tool for grinding the inner hole and the outer hole, which has high precision, stable state and sufficient cooling, is preferably selected to finish the fine machining. In order to solve the problem of irreversible deformation caused by too thin of the step hole thin-wall steel part when the universal fixture is used for clamping during grinding the outer diameter, the invention innovatively designs a special fixture for grinding the outer diameter of the step hole thin-wall steel part, as shown in figures 3-10, which comprises: the permanent magnet inner sleeve 3, 2 internal fixed square permanent magnets 4, a fixed iron sheet 5, an upper square rotating shaft 6, a middle square rotating shaft 7, a fixed ring 8, a rotatable square permanent magnet 9, a lower square rotating shaft 10, an external grinding support clamping tile 11, a body 12, 4 radial adjusting screws 13, a sealing sheet 14, a horseshoe chip-preventing ring 15, 4 axial fastening screws 16, a central shaft 17, a flange 18, 4 fastening screws 19, 6 soft rubber wedge-shaped supporting blocks 20 and an adjusting rod 21.
Before each shift begins to process parts, the equipment needs to be preheated, so that the equipment idles for more than half an hour, and the processing is started after the optimal stable state of the equipment is reached. According to the precision requirement of the part machining, the radial runout and the axial runout of the main shaft of the equipment are checked before machining so as to meet the requirement of the machining precision.
When the permanent magnet adsorption fixture is used, the permanent magnet adsorption fixture is assembled in the first step, as shown in figures 3-5.
2 internal fixed square permanent magnets 4 are arranged in the permanent magnet inner sleeve 3; the lower square rotating shaft 10 is put into the permanent magnet inner sleeve 3, the rotatable square permanent magnet 9 is sleeved on the middle square rotating shaft 7, and the rotatable square rotating shaft is tightly screwed by the fixing ring 8; the upper square rotating shaft 6 is put into the permanent magnet inner sleeve 3 and lifted, and the middle square rotating shaft 7 assembled with the rotatable square permanent magnet 9 in the previous step is arranged in a square groove of the lower square rotating shaft 10; loosening the upper square rotating shaft 6 to fix the upper square rotating shaft in a square groove at the upper end of the middle square rotating shaft 7; fixing the fixed iron sheet 5 on the permanent magnet inner sleeve 3 by using countersunk screws; the outer grinding support clamping tile 11 is fixed with one end of the permanent magnet inner sleeve 3, which is close to the rotatable square permanent magnet, through threads; the upper square rotating shaft 6 is rotated 180 degrees by a special spanner, so that the pointer of the upper square rotating shaft rotates to the corresponding 'on' position on the fixed iron sheet 5, the permanent magnet adsorption tool is in a stop working or unloading state, magnetic lines of force cannot reach the working face of the permanent magnet adsorption tool, the rotatable square permanent magnet 9 and 2 internal fixed square permanent magnets 4 form a closed loop of a magnetic circuit inside the permanent magnet adsorption tool, and almost no magnetic lines of force leak out from the working face of the permanent magnet adsorption tool, so that attraction force cannot be generated on an object.
And secondly, combining the assembled permanent magnet adsorption tool with 4 adjustable tools, as shown in fig. 6-7. The central shaft 17 is connected with the other end of the permanent magnet inner sleeve 3 through 4 axial fastening screws 16; the central shaft 17 is put into the body 12, 4 radial adjusting screws 13 penetrate through the body and are screwed into square grooves of the central shaft 17 to be fixed, and the gap between the square grooves and the diameter dimension of the positioning shaft of the radial adjusting screws is 0.02-0.03 mm; the horseshoe chip-preventing ring 15 is embedded between the end surface of the body 12 and the central shaft 17, and the sealing piece 14 is fixed on the body 12 and the central shaft 17 by using countersunk screws, so that the horseshoe chip-preventing ring 15 is ensured not to be separated in the machining rotation process;
and thirdly, connecting and fixing the tool with a grinding machine, as shown in fig. 8. The body 12 is connected with the flange 18 through 4 fastening screws 19, and the flange 18 is fixedly connected with the driving shaft of the grinding machine. After the outer grinding support clamp tile 11 is assembled, the bottom surface of the clamp is self-ground on a used grinding machine, and the perpendicularity between the bottom surface and the main shaft of the grinding machine is ensured.
And fourthly, installing the stepped hole thin-wall steel part 1 with the outer diameter to be machined, as shown in fig. 9. a. Screwing the adjusting rod 21 into the external grinding support clamping tile 11; placing 6 soft rubber wedge-shaped supporting blocks 20 into 6 grooves of the external grinding supporting clamp shoe 11; sleeving the stepped hole thin-wall steel part 1 with the outer diameter to be processed on the external grinding support clamping tile 11; rotating the upper square rotating shaft 6 by 180 degrees by using a special spanner to enable the pointer of the upper square rotating shaft to rotate to the corresponding 'closing' position on the fixed iron sheet 5, changing the magnetic pole square of the rotatable square permanent magnet 9 at the moment, enabling magnetic lines of force to come out of the N pole of the magnet, transmitting soft magnetic materials through the magnetic lines of force, passing through the step hole thin-wall steel part 1 to be processed, and finally returning to the S pole of the magnet to finally form a magnetic closed loop, so that the step hole thin-wall steel part 1 to be processed can be firmly adsorbed on a tool; the adjusting rod 21 is threaded deep into the outer grinding support clamping tile 11, so that 6 soft rubber wedge-shaped support blocks 20 extend outwards to support the stage hole thin-wall steel part 1 to be processed in the inner part;
the special tool for the parts in the machining process ensures that the parts and the clamp are well positioned, the flatness, the parallelism and the like of the compression faces are good, all the faces are cleaned up, scraps are not clamped, the positioning and the control of the compression force of all the components of the special tool are larger than the grinding force, the clamping of the parts cannot be too tight, and the large stress deformation is avoided after the machining.
The outer grinding support clamp tile 11 with the outer diameter of the finished product is made of high-grade high-quality carbon structural steel T8A, the quenched hardness of the outer grinding support clamp tile can reach HRC 50-55, the wall thickness of the outer grinding support clamp tile reaches 20mm, the strength requirement of the outer grinding support clamp tile can be guaranteed, the outer grinding support clamp tile 11 with the outer diameter coaxiality of less than 0.01mm is guaranteed through repeated processing of multiple procedures such as rough turning, quenching, finish turning and grinding, the outer diameter clearance between the size of the outer grinding support clamp tile 11 and the outer diameter clearance between the size of the outer grinding support clamp tile and the precise thin-wall steel part with the finished inner diameter finish machining is 0.05-0.10 mm, the size of the finished product with the finished outer diameter finish machining is guaranteed, the surface roughness reaches Ra0.8, and the precision after repeated clamping and disassembly can be guaranteed, and the production and machining requirements are met.
The central shaft 17 is made of high-quality carbon structural steel T8A, the hardness of the quenched central shaft can reach HRC 50-55, the central shaft 17 is repeatedly processed through a plurality of procedures such as rough turning, quenching, finish turning, vertical milling, grinding and the like, the coaxiality of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the central shaft is ensured to be less than 0.01mm, the clearance between the central shaft 17 and the square groove surface matched with the radial adjusting screw 13 is 0.02-0.04 mm, and the stability of the central shaft in the processing process can be ensured.
In order to prevent deformation of a workpiece to be machined caused by overlarge clamping force in the clamping process, the workpiece to be machined is designed and absorbed by a permanent magnet in the axial direction and passes through a wedge supporting device in the radial direction. In order to facilitate the alignment of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part 1 with the outer diameter to be processed, ensure the coaxiality of a workpiece, and ensure that the coaxiality error is overlarge when the magnetic meter is used for alignment, the stepped hole thin-wall steel part 1 with the outer diameter to be processed cannot meet the requirement that the coaxiality is smaller than 0.03mm, at this time, the coaxiality of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part 1 with the outer diameter to be processed can be aligned by adjusting 4 radial screws 13, the error is ensured to be smaller than 0.05mm, and then 4 radial adjusting screws 13 are locked, so that clamping is completed, as shown in fig. 9.
S4, extending out of an outer diameter grinding wheel, grinding the reserved 0.5-0.8 mm of the thin-wall steel part 1 with the outer diameter to be processed to a finished size, and finishing grinding the outer diameter surface and the exposed end face of the workpiece in one-time clamping during processing to ensure the perpendicularity of the outer circle of the workpiece and the exposed end face of the workpiece;
s5, after the size of the finished product is confirmed to be processed, pulling out an adjusting rod 21 penetrating into the outer grinding support clamp tile 11 to enable the 6 soft rubber wedge-shaped support blocks 20 to shrink inwards, and loosening radial support force; b. rotating the upper square rotating shaft 6 by 180 degrees by using a special spanner, so that a pointer of the upper square rotating shaft rotates to the corresponding opening position on the fixed iron sheet 5, and the step hole thin-wall steel part with the processed outer diameter and one end face is loosened from the adsorption working surface, thereby disassembling the part;
s6, checking the size of a finished product of the outer diameter and the end face wall thickness;
s7, detaching the outer grinding support clamping tile 11 for machining the outer diameter, and replacing the outer grinding support clamping tile with a special tool for machining the inner diameter. The special fixture includes: the internal grinding special sleeve 22, 2 adjusting screws 23, 2 adjusting nuts 24, 2 adjusting springs 25, 2 semicircular fixing sleeves 26, 8 radial adjusting screws 27, 8 radial fixing claws 28 and 8 adjusting soft rubber pads 29.
When in use, the utility model is characterized in that: a. the adjusting spring 25 and the semicircular fixing sleeve 26 are fixed on the adjusting screw 23, the adjusting screw 23 is extended into the special sleeve 22 for internal grinding, the adjusting screw is fixed outside by the adjusting nut 24, and the adjusting screw 23 drives the semicircular fixing sleeve 26 to be opened by rotating the adjusting nut 24, so that the thin-walled steel part 30 with the stepped hole with the inner diameter to be processed is conveniently placed; b. the soft rubber adjusting pad 29 is adhered to the inner diameter of the radial fixing claw 28 by fixing glue, and then the radial fixing claw 28 is placed into the inner hole of the radial adjusting screw 27; c. placing the step hole thin-wall steel part 30 with the inner diameter to be processed into the grinding machine, and driving the soft rubber adjusting pad 29 adhered on the radial fixing claw 28 by rotating the radial adjusting screw 27 to enable the step hole thin-wall steel part 30 with the inner diameter to be processed to be coaxial with the grinding machine; d. the upper square rotating shaft 6 is rotated 180 degrees by a special spanner, so that the pointer of the upper square rotating shaft rotates to the corresponding 'closing' position on the fixed iron sheet 5, at the moment, the square magnetic pole of the rotatable square permanent magnet 9 is changed, magnetic force lines come out from the N pole of the magnet, soft magnetic materials transmitted by the magnetic force lines pass through the step hole thin-wall steel part 30 with the inner diameter to be processed, finally the soft magnetic materials return to the S pole of the magnet to finally form a magnetic closed loop, and thus the step hole thin-wall steel part 30 with the inner diameter to be processed can be firmly adsorbed on a tool. e. The adjusting nut 24 is reversely rotated to enable the semicircular fixing sleeve 26 to be tightly attached to the stepped hole thin-wall steel part 30 with the inner diameter to be processed, and final clamping is completed.
S8, before an inner hole is ground, aligning the outer circle of a clamp workpiece by means of protruding out, then enabling an inner diameter grinding wheel to penetrate into the inner part of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part 30 with the inner diameter to be machined, and grinding and machining the stepped hole thin-wall steel part 30 with the inner diameter to be machined to a finished size by reserving 0.5-0.8 mm on the inner diameter;
s9, reversely rotating the upper square rotating shaft 6 by 180 degrees by using a special spanner, enabling the pointer to rotate to the corresponding opening position on the fixed iron sheet 5, loosening the semicircular fixing sleeve 26 and the adjusting screw 27, and taking down the machined step hole thin-wall steel part with the inner diameter and the outer diameter.
S10, eliminating magnetic force.
S11, finishing inspection.
The general-purpose measuring tool should be used as much as possible for checking the general dimensions.
And a special measuring tool is adopted for a high-precision and critical-weight-size clinical laboratory.
For the form and position tolerance detection with higher precision requirement, in order to objectively reflect the actual state of part processing, the in-machine measurement is allowed, namely, the tooling clamping part used in the processing process is used on the original processing equipment for performing the surface checking and accepting.
According to the invention, the stepped hole thin-wall steel part is firmly adsorbed on the special tool through the permanent magnet in the axial direction. When the outer diameter is ground, an outer diameter special fixture is installed, and an inner hole of a part to be ground is propped up; when the inner diameter is ground, the thin-wall steel part is coaxial with the processing grinding machine in the radial direction through the adjusting screw, the thin-wall steel part to be ground is further floatingly supported through the semicircular spring fixing device, the supporting force generated by the semicircular spring fixing device can ensure that the workpiece is stably positioned and does not deform, the supporting force can also ensure that the workpiece does not displace under the action of the cutting force, and the deformation of the thin-wall steel part caused by radial clamping can be eliminated to the greatest extent.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The grinding processing method for the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, finely turning the inner diameter, the outer diameter and the end surface length of a bench hole thin-wall steel part, wherein the reserved allowance of the inner diameter, the outer diameter and the end surface length is 0.5-0.8 mm;
s2, placing the part with the step S1 on a flat grinding table, and grinding two ends of the part by using a flat grinding machine to ensure the parallelism of the two ends of the workpiece;
s3, mounting the part subjected to the step S2 on a clamp for grinding the outer diameter of the step hole thin-wall steel part, and grinding the outer diameter and the end face of the step hole thin-wall steel part to the size of a finished product;
the fixture for grinding the outer diameter of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part comprises a permanent magnet inner sleeve (3), 2 internal fixed square permanent magnets (4), a rotatable square permanent magnet (9), an external grinding support clamping tile (11), a wedge-shaped support block and an adjusting rod (21); 2 internal fixed square permanent magnets (4) are arranged in the permanent magnet inner sleeve (3); the rotatable square permanent magnet (9) is arranged in the permanent magnet inner sleeve (3) through a rotating shaft; the outer grinding support clamping tile (11) is fixedly connected with one end of the inner permanent magnet sleeve, which is close to the rotatable square permanent magnet; the step hole thin-wall steel part with the outer diameter to be processed is sleeved on the outer grinding support clamping tile (11); the outer grinding support clamp tile (11) is provided with a plurality of grooves for placing wedge-shaped support blocks, the adjusting rod (21) is of a variable cross-section structure, and is screwed into the outer grinding support clamp tile (11), and the adjusting rod is matched with the wedge-shaped support blocks to enable the wedge-shaped support blocks to extend outwards to support the step hole thin-wall steel parts to be processed;
s4, extending out of an outer diameter grinding wheel, grinding the reserved allowance of the thin-wall steel part with the outer diameter to be processed to a finished product size, and finishing grinding the outer diameter surface and the exposed end face of the workpiece in one-time clamping during processing to ensure the perpendicularity of the outer circle of the workpiece and the exposed end face of the workpiece;
s5, detaching the outer grinding support clamping tile for machining the outer diameter, replacing the outer grinding support clamping tile with a special tool for machining the inner diameter, before grinding the inner hole, aligning the outer circle of the clamp part by means of the outer circle of the clamp part, penetrating the inner diameter grinding wheel into the stage hole thin-wall steel part with the inner diameter to be machined, and grinding the reserved allowance on the inner diameter of the stage hole thin-wall steel part with the inner diameter to be machined to the size of a finished product.
2. The method for grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the thin-wall steel part is machined by adopting a pipe material or a qualified formed blank is selected, the outer diameter surface and the bottom surface of the workpiece are turned in one clamping, and the perpendicularity of the outer circle of the workpiece and the bottom surface of the workpiece is ensured.
3. The method for grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part according to claim 1, wherein the rotating shafts comprise an upper square rotating shaft (6), a middle square rotating shaft and a lower square rotating shaft (10); the rotatable square permanent magnet (9) is sleeved on the middle square rotating shaft (7) and fixed; the square grooves at the two ends of the middle square rotating shaft (7) are respectively provided with a lower square rotating shaft (10) and an upper square rotating shaft (6).
4. The method for grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part according to claim 3, wherein the lower square rotating shaft (10) and the upper square rotating shaft (6) are arranged on the inner permanent magnet sleeve, the fixed iron sheet (5) is fixed on the inner permanent magnet sleeve (3), and the upper square rotating shaft (6) is limited.
5. The method for grinding the inner and outer diameters of a stepped hole thin-walled steel part according to claim 3, wherein the direction of the magnetic poles of the rotatable square permanent magnet (9) is changed by rotating the upper square rotating shaft, and when the rotatable square permanent magnet (9) and 2 internal fixed square permanent magnets (4) form a closed loop of a magnetic circuit in a stopped or unloaded state, suction force is not generated to an object.
6. The method for grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part according to claim 1, wherein a central shaft (17) is fixed at the other end of the inner sleeve (3) of the permanent magnet, the central shaft (17) is placed into the body (12), a plurality of radial adjusting screws (13) penetrate through the body and are screwed into square grooves of the central shaft (17) to be fixed, a gap between the square grooves of the central shaft (17) and the diameter sizes of positioning shafts of the radial adjusting screws is 0.02-0.03 mm, and the wedge-shaped supporting blocks are soft rubber wedge-shaped supporting blocks.
7. The method for grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the special tool for internal grinding comprises a special sleeve (22) for internal grinding, an adjusting screw (23), an adjusting spring (25), 2 semicircular fixing sleeves (26), radial adjusting screws (27) and radial fixing claws (28); the adjusting spring (25) and the semicircular fixing sleeve (26) are fixed on the adjusting screw rod (23), the adjusting screw rod (23) stretches into the special sleeve (22) for internal grinding, the adjusting screw rod is fixed outside the special sleeve for internal grinding by the adjusting nut (24), the adjusting screw rod (23) drives the semicircular fixing sleeve (26) to open by rotating the adjusting nut (24), the radial adjusting screw (27) radially penetrates through the outer wall of the special sleeve for internal grinding and is in threaded connection, and a boss of the radial fixing claw (28) is placed into an inner hole of the radial adjusting screw (27); the radial fixing claw (28) is driven to clamp the stage hole thin-wall steel part by rotating the radial adjusting screw (27).
8. The method for grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part according to claim 7, wherein the horseshoe chip-preventing ring (15) is embedded between the end face of the body (12) and the central shaft (17).
9. The method for grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the stepped hole thin-wall steel part according to claim 6, wherein the body (12) is connected with the flange (18), and the flange (18) is fixedly connected with the driving shaft of the grinding machine.
10. The method for grinding the inner and outer diameters of a stepped hole thin-walled steel part according to claim 7, wherein the soft rubber pad (29) is bonded to the inner circumference of the radial fixing claws (28) with a fixing adhesive.
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| CN108581388A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-09-28 | 齐齐哈尔建华机械有限公司 | A kind of aluminum cylinder part processing method |
| CN109277885A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-29 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of grinding method of tungsten carbide coating thin-walled guide cylinder |
| CN208575704U (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2019-03-05 | 西安法士特汽车传动有限公司 | A kind of clamp for ring-shaped work pieces |
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| CN105234637B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2019-08-02 | 上海斐赛轴承科技有限公司 | The production method of thin-wall bearing, its thin-walled inner ring/outer ring processing method and accurate flexible bearing |
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| CN108581388A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-09-28 | 齐齐哈尔建华机械有限公司 | A kind of aluminum cylinder part processing method |
| CN208575704U (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2019-03-05 | 西安法士特汽车传动有限公司 | A kind of clamp for ring-shaped work pieces |
| CN109277885A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-29 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of grinding method of tungsten carbide coating thin-walled guide cylinder |
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