CN113767816B - Passion fruit-polygonatum kingianum compound planting method suitable for mountainous regions - Google Patents
Passion fruit-polygonatum kingianum compound planting method suitable for mountainous regions Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a passion fruit-polygonatum kingianum compound planting method suitable for mountainous regions, wherein the passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum can be planted in the middle of a table top and on the outer side of the table top by multi-stage cutting of the mountainous regions, so that the planting areas of the passion fruit and the polygonatum kingianum are increased; through the establishment of the planting frame, after the passion fruit emits the secondary branches and tendrils, the tendrils are alternately led from the horizontal plane and the vertical plane respectively, and the omni-directional shading of the polygonatum kingianum is realized, so that the three-dimensional compound planting of the passion fruit and the polygonatum kingianum is realized. According to the compatibility of passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum to the terrestrial environment and the complementarity of the space and the illumination requirements, the two crops are planted in a composite mode, land and space resources are fully utilized, and the economic benefit is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a passion fruit-polygonatum kingianum compound planting method suitable for mountainous regions.
Background
Passion fruit (A)Passiflora edulis) Also known as passion flower, is a perennial evergreen tropical subtropical vine fruit tree of the passion fruit genus of the Passiflora family. The passion fruit has various fruit flavors, is rich in natural vitamins, various amino acid substances and trace elements, and has high economic value and nutritive value. The passion fruit has wide adaptability, the proper growth temperature is between 15 and 30 ℃, the passion fruit can normally grow at the temperature of not less than-2 ℃, the proper pH is between 5.5 and 6.5, the passion fruit likes sufficient sunlight, and the sufficient illumination can promote the growth of branches and tendrils, the differentiation of flower buds, the flowering and the fruit bearing. Passion fruit branches and tendrils grow fast, generally inAnd (3) field planting in the current year in months 2-4, setting up in 3-4, enabling fruits to mature in 6 months, harvesting the fruits to be continued to 11 months, and pruning branch tips in 2 months and then drawing new tips in 3 months. Due to the influence of virus diseases, the passion fruit can be planted once a year at present. The passion fruit planting areas in China are mostly in mountainous areas, and the passion fruit planted in the mountainous areas is sufficient in illumination, good in quality and good in benefit. In production, passion fruit generally adopts a flat-shed type, curtain type, gate type, herringbone type and other shelf cultivation modes, but for a mountain land with a large gradient, the cultivation of the passion fruit generally needs to be finished, the table top is too wide and has large requirements on the gradient, the passion fruit is too narrow and is not suitable for the flat-shed type cultivation mode, and the shelf cultivation mode has high requirements. Therefore, the vertical curtain type cultivation management is usually adopted for cultivating passion fruits on mountains, but the method wastes land and has low space utilization rate; the existing cultivation mode has the defects of too dense branches, easy pest and disease breeding and difficult pesticide spraying, fruit picking and other farming operations.
Yunnan Siberian solomonseal rhizome (Polygonatum kingianum Coll. etHemsl) is a perennial herb of Polygonatum, and has increasingly expanded application in the fields of medicine, health care, cosmetics, food and the like. The optimum growth temperature of the polygonatum kingianum is 15-24 ℃, the appropriate pH value is 5.5-7.0, and the polygonatum kingianum likes the conditions of humid climate, cold resistance, yin preference and drought. Generally, the seedlings are planted at the beginning of 4 months, seedlings can emerge at the end of 6 months, mature fruits can appear in the middle of 9 months, and mature fruits can be harvested after continuously planting for 3-5 years. Polygonatum kingianum is liked to be shaded, in artificial cultivation, a shed needs to be built for shading from seedling emergence, great manpower and material resources are needed, and the use of a shading net causes pollution to the environment. In addition, the growth speed of the polygonatum kingianum in a shaded humid environment is high, the polygonatum kingianum needs to be subjected to artificial weeding in 5-7 days from 4 months under normal cultivation conditions, and the management cost is high.
The production usually adopts vine crops and shade-resistant crops for composite planting, but the existing fruit and drug composite planting technology is mostly that passion fruit and other crops are compositely planted, no related technology exists in polygonatum kingianum composite planting, the requirements of polygonatum kingianum on cultivation and management measures such as shading time, shading degree and the like are different from other crops, the corresponding management modes of passion fruit branches and tips are different, and the application cannot be carried out. In addition, the conventional compound planting method generally adopts a flat shed type to shade, and obliquely-irradiated sunlight cannot be effectively shielded in a mountain area planted by opening the platform, so that the real shading effect cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a passion fruit-polygonatum kingianum compound planting method suitable for mountainous regions, the passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum are reasonably arranged to realize compound planting, and land resources can be fully utilized; the passion fruit adopts a 'double-sided' alternate tendril-guiding three-dimensional cultivation mode, so that the omnibearing and all-time natural shading of polygonatum kingianum is realized, the cost of artificial shading is reduced, and the environment is not polluted; the polygonatum kingianum is cultivated by adopting a mulching film hole digging covering method, so that the purposes of preventing grasses and reducing labor cost are achieved.
The invention provides a passion fruit-polygonatum kingianum compound planting method suitable for mountainous regions, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Opening a platform in a mountain land: a plurality of stages of table tops are arranged on the mountain land, the width of each stage of table top is 2-2.5 m, and the height of each stage of table top is 2-2.5 m;
(2) Building passion fruit racks: erecting a frame in a double-sided cultivation mode, vertically inserting support columns at a position 0.3-0.4 m away from the outer edge of a table top at intervals of 2.5m, wherein the height of each support column is 2.0-2.5, fixing and straightening adjacent support columns by using a first-stage plastic steel wire, arranging a horizontal second-stage plastic steel wire perpendicular to the first-stage plastic steel wire at intervals of 10-20 cm along the upper surface of the table top, and fixing the other ends of the second-stage plastic steel wires at the bottom of the upper-stage table top by using wood nails;
(3) Planting passion fruit: taking robust passion fruit seedlings without branches in the current year in 2-4 months, planting the seedlings in the middle of two supporting columns on a table top, arranging vertical bamboo poles beside each seedling, and leading vines to be put on a shelf;
(4) Planting polygonatum kingianum: in 4-5 months of the year, the rhizome of polygonatum kingianum is taken, and the polygonatum kingianum is planted on a horizontal table top from 0.3m inward of passion fruit seedlings, wherein the plant spacing of the polygonatum kingianum is 0.3-0.35 m, the row spacing is 0.3-0.4 m, and operation channels are reserved on the edges of the inner side and the outer side of the horizontal table top;
(5) And (3) mulching film covering: when polygonatum kingianum seedlings emerge, carrying out grass prevention mulching film mulching, and carrying out hole digging treatment on a mulching film according to the growth position of polygonatum kingianum seedlings, wherein the diameter of each hole is 5-8cm;
(6) Managing the branches and tendrils of the passion fruits: leading the main vine of the passion fruit to a vine for putting on a shelf in an L shape, growing along a first-stage plastic steel wire after the main vine is spread on a thin bamboo rod for putting on the shelf, and pinching when the next plant grows; the secondary branches and tendrils adopt a 'double-sided' branch tip alternate vine leading three-dimensional cultivation mode, the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th and 9 th.
(7) Performing conventional water and fertilizer and pest and disease control on passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum;
(8) Harvesting: the passion fruit is harvested in batches when the passion fruit is ripe in 6 months, the harvesting time is prolonged to 11 months, and the passion fruit is harvested and dug after the overground part of the Yunnan polygonatum is fallen down in winter after 3-5 years of planting;
(9) Pruning branches and tendrils of passion fruits: after the fruits of each secondary branch and vine are harvested, reserving 2-3 nodes and then cutting the branches to promote the branches to grow out of lateral vines again; after the last batch of fruits are harvested in winter, digging old trees on the passion fruit seedlings planted one year at a time; after 4-5 leaves are left on all secondary vines in 11 months, all the passion fruit seedlings planted for many years are cut off to facilitate overwintering, and after 2-3 sections are left on all the secondary vines in the 2 nd month of the next year, all the secondary vines are cut off to promote hair growth.
Preferably, the supporting column in step (1) is a cement column or a bamboo rod.
Preferably, the height of the support column in the step (1) is 2-2.5 m.
Preferably, the width of the working lane in the step (4) is 0.3 to 0.4m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the compatibility of passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum to the terrestrial environment and the complementarity of space and illumination requirements, the two crops are planted in a composite mode, so that the land and space resources are fully utilized, and the economic benefit is increased.
2. Aiming at mountain land open-bench planting, the invention uses a three-dimensional cultivation mode of alternately leading vines of passion fruit in a double-sided type, branches and vines grow on the top and the side faces, and can shield direct sunlight and oblique sunlight in the morning and evening on the upper part, so that the polygonatum kingianum can be shaded in all directions; in addition, the branch tips grow from two directions, the phenomenon of dense branch tips is avoided, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced.
3. The passion fruit provided by the invention generally has the advantages that a large amount of branches and tendrils are extracted in 3-4 months, the branches and tendrils need to be built for cultivation, and the branches and tendrils are cut off after the fruits are finished in 11 months; the polygonatum kingianum generally emerges at the beginning of 4-6 months, a shading shed needs to be built, the temperature is reduced after 11 months, and shading is not needed, the growth characteristics of passion fruit branches and tips and the shading time of the polygonatum kingianum are perfectly embedded; the invention realizes shading of polygonatum kingianum by using naturally-growing branches without using a shading net, thereby reducing the pollution to the environment.
The foregoing is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to more clearly understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to the following embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to understand the present invention, the following examples are given to further illustrate the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Opening a platform in a mountain land: a plurality of stages of table tops are arranged on the mountain land, the width of each stage of table top is 2.5m, and the height of each stage of table top is 2.5m;
(2) Building passion fruit racks: erecting a double-faced cultivation mode, vertically inserting 2.5m high cement columns at a position 0.3-0.4 m away from the outer edge of the table top at intervals of 2.5m, fixing and straightening adjacent cement columns by using a first-level plastic steel wire, arranging a horizontal second-level plastic steel wire perpendicular to the first-level plastic steel wire at intervals of 10-20 cm along the upper surface of the table top, and fixing the other ends of the second-level plastic steel wires at the bottom of the upper-level table top by using wooden nails;
(3) Planting passion fruit: taking robust passion fruit seedlings without disease branches in 3 months in the year, planting the seedlings in the middle of two cement columns on a table top, arranging vertical bamboo poles beside each seedling, and uniformly leading vines to one side and putting the vines on the shelf;
(4) Planting polygonatum kingianum: in 4 months of the year, the rhizome of polygonatum kingianum is taken, the polygonatum kingianum is planted on a horizontal table top from 0.3m inward of passion fruit seedlings, wherein the plant spacing of the polygonatum kingianum is 0.3-0.35 m, the row spacing is 0.3-0.4 m, and operation channels with the width of 0.4m are reserved on the edges of the inner side and the outer side of the opening table;
(5) And (3) mulching a plastic film: 6 months, sprouting polygonatum kingianum, carrying out grass prevention mulching film mulching, carrying out hole digging treatment on a mulching film according to the growth position of polygonatum kingianum seedlings, wherein the diameter of each hole is 5-8cm;
(6) Managing the branches and tendrils of the passion fruits: the passion fruit begins to be put on the shelf in the month of 4, the main vine of the passion fruit adopts an L-shaped vine leading and putting frame, and after the main spreading of thin bamboo poles is put on the frame, the passion fruit grows along a first-stage plastic steel wire, and the center of the passion fruit is picked up when the next strain grows; the second-level branches and tendrils start to grow in the 5 months, the second-level branches and tendrils adopt a 'double-faced' alternative vine guide three-dimensional cultivation mode, the first 1, the third 3, the third 5, the fourth 7 and the fourth 9.. The second-level branches and tendrils naturally droop and grow to the position 20cm away from the ground to be pinched, and the second 2, the fourth 4, the fourth 6, the fourth 8 and the fourth 10.. The second-level branches and tendrils grow along the second-level plastic steel wires and grow to the position 20cm away from the upper table top to be pinched;
(7) Performing conventional water and fertilizer and pest and disease control on passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum;
(8) Harvesting: the passion fruit is ripe and distributed and collected in 6 months, the collection time reaches 11 months, and the Yunnan manyflower solomonseal rhizome is planted for 3-5 years and then is dug after the overground part is fallen down in winter;
(9) Pruning branches and tendrils of passion fruits: after the fruits of each secondary branch and vine are harvested, 2-3 sections of the fruits are reserved for cutting, and the fruits are promoted to grow lateral vines again; after the last batch of fruits are harvested in winter, digging out old trees from passion fruit seedlings planted one year at a time; after 4-5 leaves are left on all secondary vines in 11 months, all the passion fruit seedlings planted for many years are cut off to facilitate overwintering, and after 2-3 sections are left on all the secondary vines in the 2 nd month of the next year, all the secondary vines are cut off to promote hair growth.
Example 2
(1) Opening a platform in a mountain land: a plurality of stages of table tops are arranged on the mountain land, the width of each stage of table top is 2m, and the height of each stage of table top is 2.3m;
(2) Building passion fruit frames: erecting a frame in a double-faced cultivation mode, vertically inserting 2.3m bamboo poles at a position 0.3-0.4 m away from the outer edge of a table top at intervals of 2.5m, fixing and straightening adjacent bamboo poles by using a first-level plastic steel wire, arranging a horizontal second-level plastic steel wire perpendicular to the first-level plastic steel wire at intervals of 10-20 cm along the upper surface of the table top, and fixing the other ends of the second-level plastic steel wires at the bottom of the upper-level table top by using wood nails;
(3) Planting passion fruit: taking robust passion fruit seedlings without disease branches in the current 2 months, planting the seedlings in the middle of two bamboo poles on a table board, arranging vertical bamboo poles beside each seedling, and leading vines to be put on a shelf;
(4) Planting polygonatum kingianum: in 3 months of the year, the rhizome of polygonatum kingianum is taken, the polygonatum kingianum is planted on the top surface of the table from 0.3m inward of the passion fruit seedlings, wherein the plant spacing of the polygonatum kingianum is 0.3-0.35 m, the row spacing is 0.3-0.4 m, and operation channels with the width of 0.3m are reserved on the edges of the inner side and the outer side of the opened table;
(5) And (3) mulching a plastic film: when polygonatum kingianum seedlings emerge in 5 months, grass prevention mulching film mulching is carried out, hole digging treatment is carried out on mulching films according to the growth positions of polygonatum kingianum seedlings, and the diameter of each hole is 5-8cm;
(6) Managing the branches and tendrils of the passion fruits: 3, setting the passion fruit at the bottom of 3 months, leading a main vine of the passion fruit to a vine by adopting an L-shaped guide vine, growing along a first-stage plastic steel wire after the main vine is spread on a thin bamboo rod, and pinching when the next plant grows; the second-level branches and tendrils start to grow at the beginning of 5 months, the second-level branches and tendrils adopt a 'double-faced' branch tip alternative vine guiding three-dimensional cultivation mode, the first 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9.. The second-level branches and tendrils naturally droop and grow to the position 20cm away from the ground for pinching, and the second 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10.. The second-level branches and tendrils grow along the second-level plastic steel wire and grow to the position 20cm away from the upper table top for pinching;
(7) Performing conventional water and fertilizer and pest and disease control on passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum;
(8) Harvesting: the passion fruit is ripe and distributed and collected in 6 months, the collection time reaches 11 months, and the Yunnan manyflower solomonseal rhizome is planted for 3-5 years and then is dug after the overground part is fallen down in winter;
(9) Pruning branches and tendrils of passion fruits: after the fruits of each secondary branch and vine are harvested, 2-3 sections of the fruits are reserved for cutting, and the fruits are promoted to grow lateral vines again; after the last batch of fruits are harvested in winter, digging out old trees from passion fruit seedlings planted one year at a time; after 4-5 leaves are left on all secondary vines in 11 months, all the passion fruit seedlings planted for many years are cut off to facilitate overwintering, and after 2-3 sections are left on all the secondary vines in the 2 nd month of the next year, all the secondary vines are cut off to promote hair growth.
The requirements of passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum on altitude, air temperature and soil conditions are consistent, and cultivation can be carried out under the same field condition, but the passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum are different in spatial distribution and have different requirements on illumination, the passion fruit likes sufficient sunlight, and the vine needs to be erected and pulled in 3-4 months; polygonatum kingianum is favored to grow in a humid and semi-shaded environment, and the artificial cultivation needs to be started in 5-6 months by building a shed for shading. Therefore, in the cultivation process, the passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum are subjected to compound planting, and passion fruit building frames and polygonatum kingianum shading can be combined through a reasonable cultivation mode to achieve complementation in space and time, so that the purposes of reducing production investment and increasing economic benefits are achieved.
The composite planting method has the advantages that the planting land resources in the mountainous region are limited, the slope of the mountainous region is large, the composite planting method has a wide gradient requirement range, passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum can be planted compositely by the method as long as the mountainous region can be opened, the passion fruit is irradiated by sunlight and can provide shading for the polygonatum kingianum, meanwhile, the film is covered to reduce weed clusters, and the problems that direct sunlight cannot be effectively shielded before 12 points and after 14 points in the mountainous region in other fruit and drug composite planting modes, and the planting management is difficult and the economic benefit is low are solved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A passion fruit-polygonatum kingianum compound planting method suitable for mountainous regions is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Opening a platform in a mountain land: a plurality of stages of table tops are arranged on the mountain land, the width of each stage of table top is 2-2.5 m, and the height of each stage of table top is 2-2.5 m;
(2) Building passion fruit frames: erecting a frame in a double-sided cultivation mode, vertically inserting support columns at a position 0.3-0.4 m away from the outer edge of the table board every 2.5m, fixing and straightening adjacent support columns by using a first-stage plastic steel wire, arranging a horizontal second-stage plastic steel wire at a position which is perpendicular to the first-stage plastic steel wire every 10-20 cm along the upper surface of the table board, and fixing the other end of the second-stage plastic steel wire at the bottom of the upper-stage table board by using a wooden nail;
(3) Planting passion fruit: taking robust passion fruit seedlings without disease branches in 2-4 months of the year, planting the seedlings in the middle of two support columns on a table top, arranging vertical bamboo poles beside each seedling, and leading vines to be put on a shelf;
(4) Planting polygonatum kingianum: in 4-5 months of the year, the rhizome of polygonatum kingianum is taken, and the polygonatum kingianum is planted on a horizontal table top from 0.3m inward of passion fruit seedlings, wherein the plant spacing of the polygonatum kingianum is 0.3-0.35 m, the row spacing is 0.3-0.4 m, and operation channels are reserved on the edges of the inner side and the outer side of the horizontal table top;
(5) And (3) mulching film covering: when polygonatum kingianum seedlings emerge, grass-prevention mulching film mulching is carried out, hole digging treatment is carried out on the mulching film according to the growth position of polygonatum kingianum seedlings, and the diameter of each hole is 5-8cm;
(6) Managing the branches and tendrils of the passion fruits: leading the main vine of the passion fruit to a vine for putting on a shelf in an L shape, growing along a first-stage plastic steel wire after the main vine is spread on a thin bamboo rod for putting on the shelf, and pinching when the next plant grows; the second-level branches and tendrils adopt a 'double-sided' branch tip alternate tendrils leading three-dimensional cultivation mode, the first, 3, 5, 7 and 9.
(7) Performing conventional water and fertilizer and pest and disease control on passion fruit and polygonatum kingianum;
(8) Harvesting: the passion fruit is harvested in batches when the passion fruit is ripe in 6 months, the harvesting time is prolonged to 11 months, and the passion fruit is harvested and dug after the overground part of the Yunnan polygonatum is fallen down in winter after 3-5 years of planting;
(9) Pruning branches and tendrils of passion fruits: after the fruits of each secondary branch and vine are harvested, 2-3 sections of the fruits are reserved and cut short to promote the fruits to grow lateral vines again; after the last batch of fruits are harvested in winter, digging out old trees from passion fruit seedlings planted one year at a time; after 4-5 leaves are left on all secondary vines in 11 months, the passion fruit seedlings planted in one year are completely cut off to facilitate overwintering, and after 2-3 sections are left on all secondary vines in the first 2 months of the next year, the hair-promoting spring tips are completely cut off.
2. The passion fruit-polygonatum kingianum compound planting method suitable for mountainous regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the supporting column is a cement column or a bamboo pole.
3. The passion fruit-polygonatum kingianum compound planting method suitable for mountainous regions as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step (1), the height of the support column is 2-2.5 m.
4. The passion fruit-polygonatum kingianum compound planting method suitable for mountainous regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width of the operation channel in the step (4) is 0.3-0.4 m.
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