CN113767814A - Lentinus edodes stock culture material, preparation method thereof and lentinus edodes stock culture method - Google Patents
Lentinus edodes stock culture material, preparation method thereof and lentinus edodes stock culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113767814A CN113767814A CN202111234826.0A CN202111234826A CN113767814A CN 113767814 A CN113767814 A CN 113767814A CN 202111234826 A CN202111234826 A CN 202111234826A CN 113767814 A CN113767814 A CN 113767814A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
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Abstract
The invention provides a mushroom stock culture material, a preparation method thereof and a mushroom stock culture method, and relates to the field of edible fungi. The mushroom stock culture material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-80 parts of Chinese wolfberry branch chips, 0-60 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 18-20 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of gypsum and 1 part of white sugar. The method utilizes the medlar pruned branches as the main raw material, uses the medlar branch scraps as the mushroom stock culture material, realizes the waste utilization of the medlar pruned branches and the effective improvement of the quality of mushroom stock, has important application value, is suitable for large-scale popularization and use, and is beneficial to the cooperative progress and development of the medlar planting industry and the mushroom industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of edible fungi, and particularly relates to a mushroom stock culture material, a preparation method thereof and a culture method of mushroom stock.
Background
The mushroom is known as Chinese mushroom, is the edible mushroom variety with the largest output in China, and according to statistics of the Chinese edible mushroom Association, the total output of the mushroom in 2016 years reaches 898.3 ten thousand tons in China, which accounts for 24.97% of the total output of the edible mushrooms in China. The edible fungus industry is confronted with development opportunities, so that China quickly becomes a big country for producing edible fungi. The strain is the most basic production data of edible fungus production, and the quality of the strain is the key for determining the success or failure of the production. At present, most of domestic fungus strains are produced and managed in China, namely, the domestic fungus strains are produced and sold by themselves, but the related matched strain propagation technology is relatively disordered, the sources of the strains are not clear, the problems of degeneration and the like are prominent. For example, the attention on the production of the lentinus edodes is more in the cultivation stage, and the attention on how to obtain the stock seeds with good quality is relatively low.
The Ningxia region is a region for producing Ningxia wolfberry fruit in the field, and the planting area in 2019 is up to 100 ten thousand mu. Because the planting area of the medlar is large, the amount of branches trimmed every year in Ningxia is considerable, but most medlar branches are abandoned and accumulated in the field, and a small part of medlar branches are used for fuel combustion, so that the problems of land resource occupation and environmental pollution are caused. Therefore, the search for a suitable path for recycling the medlar waste is more and more urgent. Meanwhile, the development of the edible fungus industry is restricted by the cultivation base material.
The application of the waste medlar branches in the field of mushroom stock culture is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to improve the quality of the mushroom stock, and simultaneously combines the resourceful treatment of the medlar waste with the mushroom industry, thereby providing the mushroom stock culture material, the preparation method thereof and the culture method of the mushroom stock.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a mushroom stock culture material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-80 parts of Chinese wolfberry branch chips, 0-60 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 18-20 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of gypsum and 1 part of white sugar.
Further, the mushroom stock culture material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-80% of Chinese wolfberry branch chips, 0-60% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar.
Further, the mushroom stock culture material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
20% of medlar branch chips, 60% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar;
40% of medlar branch chips, 40% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar;
60% of Chinese wolfberry branch chips, 20% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar;
80% of medlar branch scraps, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar.
Further, the miscellaneous wood chips are broadleaf forest wood chips.
Further, the miscellaneous wood chips comprise at least one of cypress wood chips, poplar wood chips and elm wood chips.
Furthermore, the diameters of the Chinese wolfberry branch chips and the miscellaneous wood chips are 1.0-1.5 cm.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of a mushroom stock culture material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials of the mushroom stock culture material according to a proportion;
(2) prewetting the Chinese wolfberry branch chips and the miscellaneous wood chips;
(3) uniformly mixing the pre-wetted Chinese wolfberry branch scraps, the miscellaneous wood chips, the wheat bran, the gypsum and the white sugar, bagging, sterilizing and disinfecting to obtain the mushroom stock culture material.
Further, the moisture content of the pre-wetted medlar branch chips and miscellaneous wood chips is 60-65%.
Further, in the sterilization step, sterilization is carried out within 2 hours after bagging is finished, a full-automatic high-pressure sterilization pot is used for sterilization, the temperature is 120-121 ℃, the time is 2.5-3 hours, after sterilization is finished, when the temperature is reduced to be below 110 ℃, an air release valve is opened, when the pressure is reduced to 0, the sterilization pot is opened, the culture bag is taken out and rapidly placed on an ultra-clean workbench, and the culture bag is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
Further, in the step of sterilizing, the sterilized culture medium bag is sterilized in an ozone sterilizer for 0.25-0.5 h under the irradiation of an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for culturing a mushroom stock, which comprises culturing the mushroom stock culture material or the mushroom stock culture material obtained by the preparation method.
Further, the method for culturing the mushroom stock comprises the following steps:
inoculating the mushroom stock to the mushroom culture material, and culturing at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 35-42 days to finish the preparation of the mushroom stock.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the method, the branches of the Chinese wolfberry are trimmed to serve as the main raw materials, and the chips of the branches of the Chinese wolfberry are used as the compost for the mushroom breeder seeds, so that the problem that the development of the industry is restricted due to the lack of lignin materials in the development of the edible mushroom industry in Ningxia regions is solved, the purpose of producing the mushroom breeder seeds by using the chips of the branches of the Chinese wolfberry as compost components is achieved, the waste treatment and resource utilization of the branches of the Chinese wolfberry are realized, and the utilization efficiency of waste resources is improved; on the other hand, the invention discovers for the first time that the Chinese wolfberry branch chippings have a remarkable improvement effect on the quality of the mushroom stock, can partially or completely replace the miscellaneous wood chips used in the stock culture in the prior art, and has the advantages of high growth speed, large growth quantity and high quality of mycelia in the stock culture process. Therefore, the method realizes the waste utilization of the pruned branches of the medlar and the effective improvement of the quality of the original seeds of the mushrooms, has important application value, is suitable for large-scale popularization and use, and is beneficial to the cooperative progress and development of the medlar planting industry and the mushroom industry.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the dynamic change of the length of mycelia with the culture time during the culture of the stock species of Lentinus edodes according to the experimental example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The miscellaneous wood chips used in the embodiment are purchased in the market, and the main raw material of the miscellaneous wood chips is a mixture of broad-leaved forest wood chips such as cypress, poplar, elm and the like, and the diameter of the miscellaneous wood chips is 1.0-1.5 cm.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The raw materials or equipment used are all conventional products which can be obtained commercially, including but not limited to the raw materials or equipment used in the examples of the present application.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a mushroom stock culture material which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20% of medlar branch chips, 60% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar.
The preparation method of the mushroom stock culture material comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting and crushing the pruned medlar branches into chips with the diameter of about 1.0-1.5 cm;
(2) weighing Chinese wolfberry branch chips, miscellaneous wood chips, wheat bran, gypsum and white sugar according to a proportion;
(3) pre-wetting Chinese wolfberry branch chips and miscellaneous wood chips one day before preparation;
(4) uniformly mixing the pre-wetted Chinese wolfberry branch scraps (with the water content of 60-65 percent), the miscellaneous wood chips (with the water content of 60-65 percent), the wheat bran, the gypsum and the white sugar, and filling the mixture into a culture material bag;
(5) sterilizing within 2h after bagging, sterilizing with a full-automatic autoclave at 121 deg.C for 3h, opening the air release valve when the temperature is reduced to below 110 deg.C, opening the autoclave when the pressure is reduced to 0, taking out the culture bag, rapidly placing on a clean bench, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(6) sterilizing the sterilized culture medium bags in an ozone sterilizer for 0.5h under the irradiation of an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp, and obtaining the mushroom stock culture medium when ozone is diffused to have no pungent smell.
The embodiment also provides a method for culturing mushroom stock by using the mushroom stock compost, which comprises the following steps:
preparing the mother strains of the flat culture lentinus edodes into fungus cakes with the diameter of 1.0cm by using a puncher; placing the mushroom stock culture material into a stock culture bottle, wherein the filling amount accounts for 90-95% of the volume of the culture bottle; inoculating the mushroom mother seeds into original seed culture bottles, wherein each bottle contains 1 mushroom cake; transferring the inoculated stock seed bottle into a culture room, culturing for 40 days at the constant temperature of 25 ℃, and judging that the stock seed is prepared when white dense hypha overgrows the culture bottle.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a mushroom stock culture material which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40% of medlar branch chips, 40% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar.
Preparation method and cultivation method of mushroom stock refer to example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a mushroom stock culture material which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 60% of Chinese wolfberry branch chips, 20% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar;
preparation method and cultivation method of mushroom stock refer to example 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a mushroom stock culture material which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 80% of medlar branch scraps, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar.
Preparation method and cultivation method of mushroom stock refer to example 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparison example provides a mushroom stock culture material which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 80% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar.
Preparation method and cultivation method of mushroom stock refer to example 1.
Examples of the experiments
The experimental example verifies the culture effect of the mushroom stock culture materials provided in examples 1 to 4 (M1 to M4 respectively), and takes the mushroom stock culture material provided in comparative example 1 as a control group (marked as M0).
The variety of the shiitake mushroom used in the experiment is 'Shenxiang 1504'. Preparing a flat plate at 7 and 23 days of 2021, growing over 8 and 3 days, preparing fungus cakes at the outer edges of bacterial colonies by using a sterile puncher with the aperture of 1.0cm, inoculating the fungus cakes into stock culture bottles (the loading of stock culture materials accounts for 90-95% of the volume of the culture bottles), culturing 1 fungus cake in each bottle at constant temperature of 25 ℃, and measuring the length of mycelia every day from 8 and 9 days until 9 and 14 days. The measurement results are shown in fig. 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1, from 8 months 9 days to 9 months 14 days, the mushroom stock culture material added with the medlar branch chippings (the content of the medlar branch chippings is 20% to 80%), has a significant promotion effect on the growth of mushroom mycelia compared with the stock culture material taking the miscellaneous wood chips (the content of the miscellaneous wood chips is 80%, the medlar branch chippings are not added) as a main material, wherein the mushroom stock culture effect is the best when the mushroom stock culture material is added with the medlar branch chippings of 80% and the miscellaneous wood chips.
The results are shown in Table 1, in which the hyphal lengths of 8.13 days, 8.23 days, 9.2 days, and 9.14 days are shown, and the growth rate (%) is calculated based on the hyphal length of the control group M0 on that day.
TABLE 1 growth of mycelia in the culture media of Lentinus edodes stock seeds of examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1
As shown in Table 1, in the pre-culture period (8 months and 13 days), the growth rates of the mycelia in M1, M2 and M3 groups were lower than that of the control group M0(ck), and the growth rate of the mycelia in the M4 group was slightly higher than that of the control group M0(ck) by 15.06%. However, with the increase of the culture time, the growth rate of the mycelium of the M1-M4 groups is remarkably increased compared with that of the control group M0, and at 8 months and 23 days, compared with that of the control group M0, the growth rate of the mycelium of only the M2 group is-0.16%, and the growth rate of other groups is more than 6.20%, wherein the growth rate of the M4 group is the maximum and can reach 23.97%. In day 2 at 9 months, the growth rate of the mycelium was further increased in the M1-M3 groups, which was 7.58% or more, and the growth rate of the M4 group was slightly decreased, but the growth rate was the highest in all the groups, which was 17.01%, as compared with the control group M0. Compared with 9 months and 2 days, the growth rate of the mycelium of the M1-M4 groups is slightly reduced at 9 months and 14 days. The growth amount of the mushroom mycelium cultured in the M4 group is the largest at 9 months and 14 days, can reach 212.34mm, and is obviously higher than that of other groups.
In addition, the appearance of the mycelia was observed during the stock culture, and the M1-M4 groups were more dense than the M0 group, with the M4 group being the most dense, and the results of the observation are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Observation of the thickening of the mycelia
| Group of | 8 month and 13 days | 9 months and 14 days |
| M0 | ++ | ++ |
| M1 | ++ | ++ |
| M2 | ++ | ++ |
| M3 | ++ | ++ |
| M4 | +++ | +++ |
Note: "+ + +" indicates a denser density, and "+ + + +" indicates a denser density.
The comparison also shows that the Chinese wolfberry branch chippings are added into the mushroom stock culture medium provided by the invention to replace part or all of the miscellaneous sawdust in the traditional culture medium, so that a better culture effect is realized, and particularly, the Chinese wolfberry branch chippings which are singly used as the main material have the fastest growth of mycelium and the best quality of stock seeds. The invention provides a new path for resource utilization of the medlar pruned branches and makes outstanding contribution to improvement of the quality of the mushroom stock.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The mushroom stock culture material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-80 parts of Chinese wolfberry branch chips, 0-60 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 18-20 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of gypsum and 1 part of white sugar.
2. The mushroom stock culture material according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom stock culture material comprises the following raw materials by mass percent: 20-80% of Chinese wolfberry branch chips, 0-60% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar.
3. The mushroom stock culture material according to claim 2, wherein the mushroom stock culture material comprises any one of the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
20% of medlar branch chips, 60% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar;
40% of medlar branch chips, 40% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar;
60% of Chinese wolfberry branch chips, 20% of miscellaneous wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar;
80% of medlar branch scraps, 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of white sugar.
4. The mushroom stock culture material according to claim 1, wherein the miscellaneous wood chips are broadleaf forest wood chips including at least one of cypress wood chips, poplar wood chips, and elm wood chips.
5. The mushroom stock culture material according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the medlar branch chips and miscellaneous wood chips is 1.0-1.5 cm.
6. A preparation method of a shiitake mushroom stock culture material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing the raw materials of the mushroom stock culture material according to a proportion;
(2) prewetting the Chinese wolfberry branch chips and the miscellaneous wood chips;
(3) uniformly mixing the pre-wetted Chinese wolfberry branch scraps, the miscellaneous wood chips, the wheat bran, the gypsum and the white sugar, bagging, sterilizing and disinfecting to obtain the mushroom stock culture material.
7. The preparation method of the mushroom stock culture material according to claim 6, wherein the moisture content of the pre-wetted medlar branch chips and miscellaneous wood chips is 60-65%.
8. The preparation method of mushroom stock culture material according to claim 6, characterized in that,
in the sterilization step, sterilization is carried out within 2 hours after bagging is finished, a full-automatic high-pressure sterilization pot is used for sterilization, the temperature is 120-121 ℃, the time is 2.5-3 hours, after sterilization is finished, a gas release valve is opened when the temperature is reduced to be below 110 ℃, the sterilization pot is opened when the pressure is reduced to 0, the culture material bag is taken out and rapidly placed on a super-clean workbench, and the culture material bag is naturally cooled to the room temperature;
in the step of disinfection, the sterilized culture material bag is disinfected in an ozone disinfection machine for 0.25-0.5 h under the irradiation of an ultraviolet disinfection lamp.
9. A culture method of a mushroom stock is characterized by comprising the step of culturing the mushroom stock culture material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the mushroom stock culture material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 6 to 8.
10. The method for culturing an original species of shiitake mushroom according to claim 9, comprising the steps of:
inoculating the mushroom stock to the mushroom culture material, and culturing at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 35-42 days to finish the preparation of the mushroom stock.
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| CN109526557A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-03-29 | 贵州兴福农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of mushroom culture medium, preparation method and mushroom cultural method |
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- 2021-10-22 CN CN202111234826.0A patent/CN113767814A/en active Pending
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| CN105315082A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-02-10 | 广灵县北野食用菌业开发有限责任公司 | Shiitake mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN108373364A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-08-07 | 贵州安庆菌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of mushroom cultural method |
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