CN113756574A - High-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mold system and pouring method - Google Patents
High-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mold system and pouring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113756574A CN113756574A CN202111183698.1A CN202111183698A CN113756574A CN 113756574 A CN113756574 A CN 113756574A CN 202111183698 A CN202111183698 A CN 202111183698A CN 113756574 A CN113756574 A CN 113756574A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G13/00—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
- E04G13/06—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for stairs, steps, cornices, balconies, or other parts corbelled out of the wall
- E04G13/062—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for stairs, steps, cornices, balconies, or other parts corbelled out of the wall for stairs or steps
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
- E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
- E04G21/18—Adjusting tools; Templates
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of scaffolds, formworks or templates for special parts of buildings, and discloses an arc-shaped step grandstand mould system with high precision and low manufacturing cost and a pouring method, wherein a bottom mould is supported by a plurality of disk buckle type scaffolds which are arranged in an arc surface at intervals and are mutually hinged, and after the installation is finished, the hinged positions are locked to form an integral high-rigidity supporting structure, so that the supporting structure can be freely adjusted to a required radian, and meanwhile, the stability and no displacement or deformation can be ensured in the using process; the horizontal template is supported by the lofting keels distributed in the arc surface, the contact surfaces of the lofting keels and the horizontal template are a line, and only a small number of straight points and straight round points need to be lofted during lofting; after the horizontal template is installed, the inner side template is attached to the edge of the horizontal template, the lofting result is transmitted to the inner side template, then the lofting result is transmitted to the outer side hanging template through the distance rods, the lofting is not needed in the installation of the inner side template and the outer side hanging template, and the work load of the lofting is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of scaffolds, formworks or templates for special parts of buildings, in particular to a high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mold system and a pouring method.
Background
The multi-storey grandstand areas of large public buildings such as theaters and stadiums are mostly of concrete structures. The regional one-deck of theatre project stand is the pond seat, and the upper strata is the pedestal. Each layer of beam slab of the stand is arc-shaped, has a plurality of special shapes, has a complex structure, and is difficult to ensure the quality requirement of the concrete pedestal during construction.
The construction difficulty of the arc-shaped ladder stand has two points: the first difficulty is the support of the template, and the support system needs to be adjustable to meet the requirements of the position, the posture and the shape of the template and cannot deform or displace in use; the second difficulty is the workload of lofting, because the structure is complex and a large number of cambered surfaces exist, the workload of lofting is very large when the arc-shaped ladder stand supports the formwork, lofting needs to be performed for many times, and high-altitude operation is required for each lofting, so that the construction period is greatly prolonged, and the manufacturing cost is improved.
In the prior art, no technical scheme capable of effectively solving the difficulties exists. In the prior art, the CN105155846B circular arc-shaped reinforced concrete stand construction method supports subsequent components by pre-constructing a layer of slope at the bottom of the stand, but the manufacturing cost and the construction period are obviously increased, and the work load of lofting cannot be reduced; the template supporting system and the construction method of the CN106884532A stepped arc-shaped stand cast-in-place decorative plate support the suspended mould through the expansion bracket and the cushion block, but the decorative plate on the surface of the stand is poured by the existing stand, and the method cannot be implemented if the stand is not available; the CN103362300B cast-in-place concrete arc ladder stand template structure and the formwork supporting method refer to the technical scheme that a horse stool rib is adopted to support a hanging template, and a coil buckle scaffold is adopted to support a bottom mould, but the radian of the coil buckle scaffold is difficult to continuously adjust, the radian during design can not be achieved at certain turning positions, the design scheme needs to be temporarily changed, the upper part of the horse stool rib can be exposed out of concrete and needs to be cut off, and meanwhile, the workload of lofting can not be reduced.
Still have other problems after the construction of arc ladder stand: it is difficult to ensure the noise reduction effect and the auditory effect of each seat after the construction is completed. At present, a BIM model of the internal structure of the whole building including the arc-shaped ladder stand is drawn before construction, and then the BIM model is led into acoustic simulation software for simulation, and construction drawings are deepened according to simulation results. However, the noise reduction effect and the auditory effect of each seat are theoretically ensured, deviation occurs in the actual construction process, fine adjustment is performed according to the site construction conditions (for example, component interference occurs and needs to be avoided, or the radian of a certain position of a stand is too large, the site is difficult to achieve and needs to be adjusted), and finally the noise reduction and auditory effect of the finished building cannot be expected. In addition, the deformation of the ceiling, the tolerance of the prefabricated parts and many factors can influence the noise reduction and the hearing effect of the construction and the constructed building.
The pre-assembled template refers to a template which is subjected to trial assembly before actual use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an arc-shaped step grandstand mold system with high precision and low manufacturing cost and a pouring method.
The technical problem to be solved is that: when the arc-shaped step grandstand is poured, the supporting of the template is difficult, and the construction quality is influenced; and the workload of lofting is very large, the construction period is prolonged, and the manufacturing cost is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand die system is used for pouring an arc-shaped step grandstand and comprises a step-shaped bottom die, wherein each step of the bottom die comprises a horizontal template and an inner side template; the die system also comprises outer side hanging die plates which are arranged above the bottom die and correspond to the inner side die plates one by one, wherein the outer side hanging die plates are arranged in parallel to the corresponding inner side die plates and are erected on the horizontal die plates in a hanging manner through split heads;
the bottom of the horizontal template is provided with lofting keels for supporting the horizontal template at intervals along the arc direction of the horizontal template, the lofting keels are horizontally arranged and perpendicular to the arc direction of the horizontal template, the lofting keels are erected on a base surface through a supporting structure, and the contact surface of each lofting keel and the horizontal template is a slender strip arranged along the arc direction of the lofting keel; the supporting structure comprises a plurality of fixed scaffolds which are arranged in the range of the stand at intervals along the arc direction of the stand, and the hinged positions of the adjacent fixed scaffolds are locked after being hinged and connected into a whole;
the split heads are arranged on the horizontal templates at intervals along the arc direction of the horizontal templates, each split head comprises a horizontal rod and a bottom distance rod, the horizontal rods are arranged below the outer hanging templates and used for supporting the outer hanging templates, the bottom distance rods are used for ensuring the accurate distance between the inner hanging templates and the outer hanging templates, the bottom distance rods are perpendicular to the arc direction of the horizontal templates and are horizontally anchored on the horizontal rods, and the horizontal rods are erected on the horizontal templates through a supporting structure;
an upper distance rod used for further ensuring the accurate distance between the inner side template and the outer side hanging template is further arranged between the inner side template and the outer side hanging template, the upper distance rod is arranged at intervals along the arc direction of the horizontal template, and the upper distance rod is perpendicular to the arc direction of the horizontal template and is arranged horizontally.
Furthermore, the horizontal template, the inner side template and the outer side hanging template are all pre-assembled templates and are formed by splicing a plurality of sections of straight template units end to end, and each template unit is respectively provided with an assembling serial number; in the three templates, namely the horizontal template, the inner side template and the outer side hanging template, the template unit of each template corresponds to the template units of the other two templates one by one, and the two ends of each template are aligned.
Further, the fixed scaffold of laying-out fossil fragments bottom is the dish knot formula scaffold, is provided with fastener steel-pipe type scaffold between the adjacent dish knot formula scaffold, and adjacent dish knot formula scaffold passes through the articulated connection of fastener steel-pipe type scaffold.
Further, in the arc ladder stand, the part between the inner side template and the outer side hanging template is an arc beam, the part above the horizontal template is an arc plate, the lengths of the bottom distance rod and the upper distance rod are equal to the width designed by the arc beam, and the height of the split heads is equal to the thickness designed by the arc plate.
Furthermore, the supporting structure at the bottom of the split heads is an inverted T-shaped supporting rod, the supporting rod is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the horizontal rod, the upper end of the supporting rod is anchored at the bottom of the horizontal rod, and the horizontal rod at the bottom is perpendicular to the horizontal rod and erected on the horizontal template.
Furthermore, the inner side template and the outer side hanging template are connected with each other through a split screw.
Further, the mould system also comprises a three-dimensional scanner for detecting whether the arc-shaped step appearance reaches the standard after pouring is finished.
The pouring method of the high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand adopts the high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mould system for pouring, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building and connecting a coil buckle type scaffold, and locking the hinged position after connection is finished;
step two: lofting straight round points and round straight points on a lofting keel, lofting a starting point and an end point of a horizontal template on the built structures at the two ends of the horizontal template, and then installing the horizontal template;
step three: retesting the elevation of each horizontal template by adopting a non-contact measuring means, and adjusting according to a retesting result;
step four: installing an inner side template;
step five: adopting a non-contact measurement means to retest the position and the curvature of each inner side template, and adjusting according to the retest result;
step six: installing a split heads rib and an upper distance rod, and then installing an outer side hanging template;
step seven: retesting the elevation, the position and the curvature of the upper edge of each outer side hoisting template by adopting a non-contact measuring means, and adjusting according to a retesting result;
step eight: binding reinforcement cages from low to high in sequence and pouring concrete;
step nine: after the model is removed, carrying out three-dimensional scanning modeling on the stand, comparing a three-dimensional model during stand design with a scanned model, and finishing the stand according to the deviation of the model; and then scanning the whole building containing the stand, performing acoustic simulation according to the scanned model, and performing later-stage adjustment on the building according to an acoustic simulation result.
Further, the lofting method in the second step is specifically as follows: setting a measuring station and erecting a total station on a construction section which is opposite to the stand and has been poured with concrete, and establishing a building coordinate system by looking back at a known point position; and determining a straight dot, a straight dot and a radius of the arc by adopting a total station arc lofting method, and sequentially lofting the arc-shaped point positions on the lofting keels erected.
Further, in the third step, the elevation of the bottom beam template is measured in sequence by adopting a laser level arranged on the base surface and a tower ruler hung on the ceiling, and the retest is completed;
and fifthly, re-measuring the position and the curvature by adopting a total station arc lofting method, and re-measuring the elevation of the outer side hanging template by adopting a leveling instrument sight height method.
Compared with the prior art, the high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand die system and the pouring method have the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the bottom die is supported by the disk-buckle type scaffolds which are arranged in the arc surface at intervals and are hinged with each other, and the hinged position is locked to form an integral high-rigidity supporting structure after the installation is finished, so that the supporting structure can be freely adjusted to a required radian, can adapt to stands with various radians, and can be stable and stable without displacement or deformation in the using process;
in the invention, the horizontal template is supported by the lofting keels distributed in the cambered surface, the contact surfaces of the lofting keels and the horizontal template are a line, and only a small number of straight points and straight round points need to be lofted during lofting; after the horizontal template is installed, the inner side template is attached to the edge of the horizontal template for installation, a lofting result is transmitted to the inner side template and then transmitted to the outer side hanging template through the bottom distance rods and the upper distance rods, lofting is not needed in the installation of the inner side template and the outer side hanging template, repeated measurement is carried out only through a non-contact mode (without overhead operation) after the templates are installed, and the position which does not reach the standard is adjusted, so that the work load of lofting is greatly reduced;
in the invention, the horizontal template, the inner side template and the outer side hanging template are all pre-assembled templates which are assembled by straight template units, can be effectively matched with a lofted round straight point and a straight round point (the edge faces the lofted point), and reduce the difficulty in template installation;
in the invention, the actual measurement adjustment is carried out on the stand after pouring in a three-dimensional scanning mode, so that the pouring quality is further ensured.
The invention has been put into use in eight school projects in Beijing and 5 performance places in the theatre of the urban center of subsidiary. Labor cost is saved by 8 ten thousand yuan in school projects, material cost of templates and scaffolds is reduced by 8 ten thousand yuan, and construction period is shortened by 25 days; the application in the urban subsidiary center theater engineering saves labor cost by more than 12 ten thousand yuan, reduces the material cost of investment of templates, scaffolds and the like by more than 12 ten thousand yuan, shortens the construction period by 25 days, and obtains good economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation of a stirrup bar and an upper distance bar;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the bar of the split heads;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the disc buckle scaffold;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of horizontal form assembly;
FIG. 5 is a schematic lofting view;
the method comprises the following steps of 11-horizontal formwork, 12-inner formwork, 2-outer hanging formwork, 3-split heads, 31-horizontal rods, 32-supporting rods, 33-bottom distance rods, 4-upper distance rods, 5-lofting keels, 61-coil buckle type scaffolds, 62-fastener steel pipe type scaffolds, 7-total station, 8-arc beam and 9-arc plate.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-3, a high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mold system is used for casting an arc-shaped step grandstand, and comprises a step-shaped bottom mold, wherein each step of the bottom mold comprises a horizontal template 1 and an inner side template 12; the mould system also comprises outer side hanging templates 2 which are arranged above the bottom mould and correspond to the inner side templates 12 one by one, wherein the outer side hanging templates 2 are arranged in parallel to the corresponding inner side templates 12 and are suspended and erected on the horizontal template 1 through split heads 3; thus, a complete pouring bin is formed, and pouring can be continuously carried out.
Here, the three forms, i.e., the horizontal form 1, the inner form 12, and the outer hanging form 2, are arc-shaped and long, and the arc direction refers to the extending direction of the arc-shaped and long form.
As shown in fig. 4, the lofting keels 5 for supporting the horizontal template 1 are arranged at the bottom of the horizontal template 1 at intervals along the arc direction of the horizontal template 1, the lofting keels 5 are horizontally arranged and perpendicular to the arc direction of the horizontal template 1, the lofting keels 5 are erected on a base surface through a supporting structure, and the contact surface of each lofting keel 5 and the horizontal template 1 is a thin strip arranged along the arc direction of the lofting keel 5; the supporting structure comprises a plurality of fixed scaffolds which are arranged in the range of the stand at intervals along the arc direction of the stand, and the hinging positions of the adjacent fixed scaffolds are locked after being hinged and connected into a whole;
when setting up bearing structure like this, fixed scaffold is adopted in the place that the turn angle is little, and the place that the turn angle is big is the hinge structure between the fixed scaffold, even this kind of big radian's scene also can adapt to in this embodiment.
In fig. 3, the thick line portion is a steel pipe scaffold 62 and the thin line mesh is a coil-fastened scaffold 61.
The split heads 3 are arranged on the horizontal template 1 at intervals along the arc direction of the horizontal template 1, the split heads 3 comprise horizontal rods 31 arranged below the outer hanging template 2 and used for supporting the outer hanging template 2 and bottom distance rods 33 used for ensuring the accurate distance between the inner template 12 and the outer hanging template 2, the bottom distance rods 33 are perpendicular to the arc direction of the horizontal template 1 and are horizontally anchored on the horizontal rods 31, and the horizontal rods 31 are erected on the horizontal template 1 through a supporting structure;
an upper distance rod 4 used for further ensuring the accurate distance between the inner side template 12 and the outer side hanging template 2 is further arranged between the inner side template 12 and the outer side hanging template 2, the upper distance rods 4 are arranged at intervals along the arc direction of the horizontal template 1, and the upper distance rods 4 are perpendicular to the arc direction of the horizontal template 1 and are arranged horizontally.
Here the bottom distance rods 33 in combination with the upper distance rods 4 transfer the curvature and position of the inner formwork 12 to the outer formwork 2 and also control the size of the area in which it is located.
As shown in fig. 4, the horizontal formwork 1, the inner side formwork 12 and the outer side hanging formwork 2 are all pre-assembled formworks and are formed by splicing a plurality of straight formwork units end to end, and each formwork unit is provided with an assembling serial number; in the three templates, namely the horizontal template 1, the inner side template 12 and the outer side hanging template 2, the template unit of each template corresponds to the template units of the other two templates one by one, and the two ends of each template are aligned.
In this embodiment, the pre-assembled formwork specifically includes the following steps: firstly, an arc-shaped positioning line of the template is elastically arranged on the site. The arc positioning line is elastically arranged in a mode of matching a fixed center point with a steel ruler according to the radius and the arc length of the arc beam 8 of the structure chart pedestal. And (3) laying a plurality of templates on the popped arc-shaped positioning lines according to the radian, and popping the popped arc-shaped positioning lines on the placed templates again according to the same mode after the templates are fixed. And numbering each template after the lines are popped, conveying the numbered templates to a woodworking processing shed for processing and cutting according to the positions of the lines, and conveying the templates to a field for assembly according to the numbers.
As shown in fig. 3, the fixed scaffold at the bottom of the lofting keel 5 is a coil-fastened scaffold 61, a fastener steel pipe type scaffold 62 is arranged between adjacent coil-fastened scaffolds 61, and the adjacent coil-fastened scaffolds 61 are hinged and connected through the fastener steel pipe type scaffold 62. That is, the disk-type scaffold 61 is built up in segments, the steel pipe is connected with the fastener allowing rotation to the adjacent disk-type scaffold 61, and the fastener is locked after adjustment is completed to prevent the rotation of the joint.
In the arc ladder stand, the part between the inner side template 12 and the outer side hanging template 2 is an arc beam 8, the part above the horizontal template 1 is an arc plate 9, the lengths of the bottom distance rod 33 and the upper distance rod 4 are equal to the designed width of the arc beam 8, and the height of the horse stool rib 3 is equal to the designed thickness of the arc plate 9. Here, the upper surface of the arc beam 8 is flush with the upper surface of the arc plate 9 adjacent to the upper side, and the lower surface of the arc beam 8 is flush with the lower surface of the arc plate 9 adjacent to the lower side, so that the mold structure is simple, and the pouring difficulty is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, the supporting structure at the bottom of the horse stool bar 3 is a support bar 32 in an inverted T shape, the support bar 32 is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the horizontal bar 31, the upper end of the support bar is anchored at the bottom of the horizontal bar 31, and the cross bar at the bottom is erected on the horizontal formwork 1 perpendicular to the horizontal bar 31.
The inner side template 12 and the outer side hanging template 2 are connected with each other through a split screw. Only one split screw is needed.
The mould system also comprises a three-dimensional scanner for detecting whether the appearance of the arc ladder reaches the standard after pouring is finished.
The pouring method of the high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand adopts the high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mould system for pouring, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building and connecting a coil buckle type scaffold 61, and locking the hinged position after connection is finished; the details are as follows
And sequentially lofting the arc beam line and the frame body line to the poured concrete floor, and constructing the coil buckle type scaffold 61. After the vertical rods are positioned, the vertical rods are sequentially erected from the corners to two sides, the bottom ends of the vertical sweeping rods are fastened and fixed with the vertical sweeping rods, the horizontal sweeping rods are installed and fixed with the vertical rods, and the vertical rods are ensured to be vertical by hanging wires before the bottom ends of the vertical rods are fixed. After the vertical pole and the horizontal floor sweeping pole are determined to be vertical, the adjacent disc buckling type scaffolds 61 are connected by steel pipes and fasteners, the longitudinal and transverse cross rods are installed in the first step, the angle is adjusted after the vertical pole and the horizontal cross rods are corrected, the sockets at the connection positions are plugged tightly, and the vertical pole and the horizontal connecting rod are sequentially erected upwards. Finally, a matrix type unit coiling and buckling system is formed.
Step two: as shown in fig. 5, straight round points and round straight points are lofted on a lofting keel 5, the starting point and the end point of a horizontal template 1 are lofted on the built structures at the two ends of the horizontal template 1, and then the horizontal template 1 is installed;
the lofting method in the second step is concretely as follows: setting a measuring station and erecting a total station 7 on a construction section which is opposite to the stand and has been poured with concrete, and establishing a building coordinate system by looking back at a known point position; and determining a straight round point, a straight round point and a radius of the circular arc by adopting a total station arc lofting method, and sequentially lofting the arc point positions on the lofting keels 5 which are erected.
Step three: and (4) retesting the elevation of each horizontal template 1 by adopting a non-contact measuring means, and adjusting according to a retesting result.
Step four: the inner formworks 12 are installed.
Step five: and adopting a non-contact measuring means to retest the position and the curvature of each inner side template 12, and adjusting according to the retest result.
Step six: and (3) installing a split heads rib 3 and an upper distance rod 4, and then installing an outer side hanging template 2.
Step seven: and adopting a non-contact measurement means to retest the elevation, the position and the curvature of the upper edge of each outer side hanging template 2, and adjusting according to a retest result.
Step eight: binding reinforcement cages from low to high in sequence and pouring concrete;
pouring concrete from the bottom to the top from the pool base, compacting the concrete on the bottom platform, vibrating the concrete with the step concrete when the concrete reaches the step position of the base, continuously pushing the concrete upwards, and trowelling the upper surface of the step by a trowel at any time;
when the vibrating concrete is poured, the vibrating rods are staggered and ordered, and are inserted quickly and pulled slowly, so that the vibrating is not leaked and not excessive. At the concrete interface with interval time difference, in order to make the upper and lower layers of concrete be combined into one body, the vibrator is extended into the lower layer of concrete by 5 cm. In the whole vibrating operation, the die vibration ribs are not vibrated, and various iron parts and the like are not collided;
concrete is poured in the pool seat area by adopting an automobile pump, the pouring speed and the concrete slump are strictly controlled in the process, the supporting system is uniformly stressed, and the unstable inclination of the high and large formwork supporting system is avoided;
after the pool base is poured, the upper layer base is gradually poured from bottom to top by the same method.
Step nine: after the model is removed, carrying out three-dimensional scanning modeling on the stand, comparing a three-dimensional model during stand design with a scanned model, and finishing the stand according to the deviation of the model; and then scanning the whole building containing the stand, performing acoustic simulation according to the scanned model, and performing later-stage adjustment on the building according to an acoustic simulation result.
In the third step, the elevation of the bottom beam template is measured in sequence by adopting a laser level arranged on the base surface and a tower ruler hung on the ceiling, and the retest is completed;
and step five and step seven, re-measuring the position and the curvature by adopting a total station arc lofting method, wherein the mode is the same as the step two, in the step seven, the elevation of the outer side hanging template 2 is re-measured by adopting a leveling instrument sight height method, the leveling instrument is erected on a top plate intersected with the primary beam and the secondary beam, the periphery of the instrument is not required to be constructed by people, and re-measurement is carried out according to the known elevation point.
The grandstand in this embodiment is located in a performance hall, namely, a city subsidiary center theater in Beijing, and a special measurement monitoring system is designed to complete the ninth step;
the measurement monitoring system comprises a three-dimensional scanner and a processing computer for processing a scanning result; the processing computer comprises a model processing computer which is electrically connected with the stand scanner and used for establishing and comparing a three-dimensional model according to a scanning result, and an acoustic simulation computer which is electrically connected with the model processing computer and used for performing acoustic simulation according to the scanned three-dimensional model.
There are two types of flow used by the stand scanner here:
rectifying the structure of the stand: a stand scanner scans a stand, a model processing computer builds a model according to a scanning result, the model processing computer compares the model during stand design with the scanned model to obtain a deviation value, and the stand is adjusted in a later period according to the deviation value;
the correction is mainly carried out on the stand, and other places such as a curtain wall and the like can also adopt the above procedures to carry out correction if the construction period is sufficient.
Acoustic deviation correction of the performance hall: the method comprises the steps of scanning the whole performance hall by a stand scanner, modeling by a model processing computer according to a scanning result, inputting a model into an acoustic simulation computer for acoustic simulation, and performing later-stage adjustment on the performance hall according to an acoustic simulation result, such as seat position adjustment, sound absorption material adjustment, building structure fine adjustment and the like.
In this embodiment, the acoustic simulation computer performs acoustic simulation using the Odeon software.
In this embodiment, the three-dimensional scanner is a laser three-dimensional scanner, which is small and compact.
As shown in fig. 2, the arc-shaped ladder grandstand is provided with scanner points for placing the grandstand scanner, the scanner points are uniformly arranged on the edge of the pool seat of the arc-shaped ladder grandstand and the pedestal according to the scanning range of the grandstand scanner, and the scanner points on the pedestal are arranged to avoid the symmetrical center line of the pedestal. In actual operation, the scanning range of the stand scanner at the edge of the pool base is much larger, the point positions of the scanner are arranged at the edge of the pool base and on the pedestal, and the scanning range can cover the whole performance hall. Avoiding the center line of symmetry is to take care of the scanning range of the scanning device of the stand, and the arrangement on the center line of symmetry is not beneficial to covering the whole performance hall.
In this embodiment, the stand scanner is supported on the arc-shaped ladder stand through a tripod.
The three-dimensional scanner also comprises a trial assembly scanner for scanning the prefabricated parts of the performance hall before construction, the processing computer also comprises a trial assembly computer for virtually trial assembly of the three-dimensional model of the prefabricated parts of the performance hall, and the trial assembly scanner and the trial assembly computer are respectively electrically connected with the model processing computer.
The virtual pre-assembly process comprises the following steps: the assembling scanner scans the prefabricated parts, the model processing computer builds a model according to the scanning result, the model is input into the assembling computer for virtual pre-assembling, and the prefabricated parts are trimmed according to the pre-assembling result.
The three-dimensional scanner also comprises a roof scanner which is used for scanning the roof periodically to monitor the deformation of the roof, and the roof scanner is electrically connected with the model processing computer.
The roof scanning deviation rectifying process comprises the following steps: the roof scanner scans the roof, the model processing computer builds a model according to the scanning result, the model processing computer compares the model during roof design with the scanned model to obtain deviation, and the post adjustment is carried out on the performance hall according to the deviation, such as seat position adjustment, sound absorption material adjustment, building structure fine adjustment and the like.
Certainly, in view of the fact that the volume of the three-dimensional scanner is greatly reduced at present, the three-dimensional scanner can be carried everywhere like a total station 7, and the stand scanner, the trial-assembly scanner and the roof scanner in the application can be the same movable three-dimensional scanner and can be carried to different positions for scanning. Accordingly, due to the development of general computing power of computers, general purpose computers can be competent for various BIM works, and can be the same general purpose computer and adopt different software to complete different functions without adopting special purpose computers, model processing computers, acoustic simulation computers and trial assembly computers.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand die system is used for pouring an arc-shaped step grandstand and comprises a step-shaped bottom die, wherein each step of the bottom die comprises a horizontal template (1) and an inner side template (12); the method is characterized in that: the die system also comprises outer side hanging die plates (2) which are arranged above the bottom die and correspond to the inner side die plates (12) one by one, wherein the outer side hanging die plates (2) are arranged in parallel to the corresponding inner side die plates (12) and are suspended and erected on the horizontal die plate (1) through split heads (3);
the bottom of the horizontal template (1) is provided with lofting keels (5) used for supporting the horizontal template (1) at intervals along the arc direction of the horizontal template (1), the lofting keels (5) are horizontally arranged and perpendicular to the arc direction of the horizontal template (1), the lofting keels (5) are erected on a base surface through a supporting structure, and the contact surface of each lofting keel (5) and the horizontal template (1) is a strip arranged along the arc direction of the lofting keel (5); the supporting structure comprises a plurality of fixed scaffolds which are arranged in the range of the stand at intervals along the arc direction of the stand, and the hinged positions of the adjacent fixed scaffolds are locked after being hinged and connected into a whole;
the split heads are characterized in that the split heads (3) are arranged on the horizontal template (1) at intervals along the arc direction of the horizontal template (1), the split heads (3) comprise horizontal rods (31) which are arranged below the outer hanging template (2) and used for supporting the outer hanging template (2) and bottom distance rods (33) used for ensuring the accurate distance between the inner template (12) and the outer hanging template (2), the bottom distance rods (33) are perpendicular to the arc direction of the horizontal template (1) and are horizontally anchored on the horizontal rods (31), and the horizontal rods (31) are erected on the horizontal template (1) through a supporting structure;
still be provided with between inboard template (12) and the outside template (2) of hanging and be used for further guaranteeing that inboard template (12) and the outside hang last distance pole (4) that the interval of template (2) is accurate, go up distance pole (4) and set up along the camber line direction interval of horizontal template (1), go up the camber line direction and the level setting of distance pole (4) perpendicular to horizontal template (1).
2. The high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mold system according to claim 1, wherein: the horizontal template (1), the inner side template (12) and the outer side hanging template (2) are all pre-assembled templates and are formed by splicing a plurality of straight template units end to end, and each template unit is respectively provided with an assembling serial number; in the three templates, namely the horizontal template (1), the inner side template (12) and the outer side hanging template (2), the template unit of each template corresponds to the template units of the other two templates one by one, and two ends of each template are aligned.
3. The high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mold system according to claim 1, wherein: the fixed scaffold at the bottom of the lofting keel (5) is a coil buckling scaffold (61), a fastener steel pipe type scaffold (62) is arranged between adjacent coil buckling scaffolds (61), and the adjacent coil buckling scaffolds (61) are hinged and connected through the fastener steel pipe type scaffold (62).
4. The high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mold system according to claim 1, wherein: in the arc ladder stand, the part between the inner side template (12) and the outer side hanging template (2) is an arc beam (8), the part above the horizontal template (1) is an arc plate (9), the lengths of the bottom distance rod (33) and the upper distance rod (4) are equal to the width designed by the arc beam (8), and the height of the horse stool rib (3) is equal to the thickness designed by the arc plate (9).
5. The high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mold system according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting structure of split heads muscle (3) bottom is bracing piece (32) of shape of falling T, bracing piece (32) set up, the upper end anchor is erect on horizontal template (1) in horizontal pole (31) bottom, and horizontal pole perpendicular to horizontal pole (31) of bottom along horizontal pole (31) length direction interval.
6. The high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mold system according to claim 1, wherein: the inner side template (12) and the outer side hanging template (2) are connected with each other through a split screw.
7. The high-precision low-cost arc-shaped step grandstand mold system according to claim 1, wherein: the mould system also comprises a three-dimensional scanner for detecting whether the appearance of the arc ladder reaches the standard after pouring is finished.
8. A high-precision low-cost pouring method for an arc-shaped step grandstand is characterized by comprising the following steps of: casting with a high precision low cost curved step grandstand mould system according to any of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: building and connecting a coil buckle type scaffold (61), and locking the hinged position after connection is finished;
step two: lofting straight round points and round straight points on a lofting keel (5), lofting a starting point and an end point of a horizontal template (1) on the built structures at the two ends of the horizontal template (1), and then installing the horizontal template (1);
step three: the elevation of each horizontal template (1) is retested by adopting a non-contact measuring means, and adjustment is carried out according to the retesting result;
step four: installing an inner side template (12);
step five: adopting a non-contact measurement means to retest the position and the curvature of each inner side template (12), and adjusting according to the retest result;
step six: installing a split heads rib (3) and an upper distance rod (4), and then installing an outer side hanging template (2);
step seven: retesting the elevation, the position and the curvature of the upper edge of each outer side hanging template (2) by adopting a non-contact measurement means, and adjusting according to a retesting result;
step eight: binding reinforcement cages from low to high in sequence and pouring concrete;
step nine: after the model is removed, carrying out three-dimensional scanning modeling on the stand, comparing a three-dimensional model during stand design with a scanned model, and finishing the stand according to the deviation of the model; and then scanning the whole building containing the stand, performing acoustic simulation according to the scanned model, and performing later-stage adjustment on the building according to an acoustic simulation result.
9. The method for casting the arc-shaped step grandstand with high precision and low manufacturing cost according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the lofting method in the second step is concretely as follows: setting a measuring station and erecting a total station (7) on a construction section which is opposite to the stand and has been poured with concrete, and establishing a building coordinate system by looking back at a known point position; and (3) determining a straight dot, a straight point and a radius of the arc by adopting a total station arc lofting method, and lofting the arc point positions on the lofting keel (5) which is erected in sequence.
10. The method for casting the arc-shaped step grandstand with high precision and low manufacturing cost according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the elevation of the bottom beam template is measured in sequence by adopting a laser level arranged on the base surface and a tower ruler hung on the ceiling, and the retest is completed;
and fifthly, re-measuring the position and the curvature by adopting a total station arc lofting method, and re-measuring the elevation of the outer side hanging template (2) by adopting a leveling instrument sight height method.
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