CN113742821A - Design method of wind tunnel contraction section capable of being contracted repeatedly - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for designing a wind tunnel contraction section with multiple contraction, which comprises the following steps: step S1, calculating equivalent diameters of different sections, and determining the circle center position of the equivalent diameters; s2, selecting a shrinkage curve type, and determining the length of a shrinkage section and the variation range of the shrinkage ratio; s3, establishing a two-dimensional multi-parameter optimization model and evaluation indexes, predicting the parameter model through flow simulation, and thus obtaining a two-dimensional optimal shrinkage curve under each evaluation index; s4, constructing a three-dimensional shrinkage curved surface by taking the two-dimensional optimal shrinkage curve as a boundary line based on each evaluation index; and step S5, establishing an evaluation index of the three-dimensional shrinkage curve surface, predicting the flow characteristic of the three-dimensional shrinkage curve surface through flow simulation, obtaining a three-dimensional optimal shrinkage curve surface and finally forming a wind tunnel shrinkage section. The design method can be used for designing the vehicle aerodynamic test platform in the tunnel environment, can provide high-quality incoming flow, has a simple structure, is convenient to install, and saves the design and construction cost of the wind tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle aerodynamics, in particular to a design method of a wind tunnel contraction section capable of repeatedly contracting.
Background
The aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle in the tunnel environment are widely concerned, and a dynamic model test platform and a wind tunnel test platform are two main test platforms for researching the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle under the tunnel working condition. The dynamic model test is that the vehicle model moves but the airflow does not move, and the wind tunnel test is that the vehicle model does not move but the airflow moves. A plurality of wind tunnel test platforms which can be used for vehicle aerodynamic research are established at home and abroad. The contraction section is a key component of the wind tunnel test platform, and improves the flow velocity and the flow field quality by contracting airflow. The traditional wind tunnel design has the advantages that the contraction section adopts single contraction, but the requirement of later tests is increased in the practical use process without assistance, for example, the flow velocity is expected to be increased by reducing the outlet area of the contraction section. In addition, the inlet and the outlet of the contraction section are usually square or round, and the contraction curve, the contraction ratio and the like are determined empirically. The running scenes of vehicles in China are complex, the pneumatic characteristics of the vehicles running in the tunnels of roads and railways are little understood, and a wind tunnel test platform aiming at the tunnel environment is urgently needed to be designed, so that the test requirements of different tunnel sections can be met. The design of the wind tunnel contraction section which contracts for many times becomes the design key of the wind tunnel test platform.
Patent CN103500265A discloses a method for determining a curve of a wind tunnel contraction section, which is to set a cylindrical curve, a first quartic curve, a conical curve and a second quartic curve in sequence from the inlet of the contraction section to obtain the curve of the contraction section by setting the sizes of the inlet and the outlet of the contraction section, the length of the contraction section and the curvature radius of the outlet. The curve is suitable for subsonic wind tunnels and supersonic wind tunnels, the curvature of the curve is completely continuous, and the curvatures of the inlet and the outlet are consistent with the curvatures of the front and the rear parts. However, it is not suitable for the major arc arcuate exit cross-section of a tunnel environment and therefore only once contracts and does not meet the need for rapid changes for different tunnel cross-sections.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, provides a design method of a wind tunnel contraction section with repeated contraction, applies a multi-parameter optimization design method to the design of the wind tunnel contraction section with repeated contraction, skillfully solves the problem of high-quality incoming flow requirements under different tunnel sections, and reduces the wind tunnel design and construction cost.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a design method of a wind tunnel contraction section capable of being contracted for multiple times comprises the following steps:
step S1, calculating equivalent diameters of different sections, and determining the circle center position of the equivalent diameters;
s2, selecting a shrinkage curve type, and determining the length of a shrinkage section and the variation range of the shrinkage ratio;
s3, establishing a two-dimensional multi-parameter optimization model and evaluation indexes, predicting the parameter model through flow simulation, and thus obtaining a two-dimensional optimal shrinkage curve under each evaluation index;
s4, constructing a three-dimensional shrinkage curved surface by taking the two-dimensional optimal shrinkage curve as a boundary line based on each evaluation index;
and step S5, establishing an evaluation index of the three-dimensional shrinkage curve surface, predicting the flow characteristic of the three-dimensional shrinkage curve surface through flow simulation, obtaining a three-dimensional optimal shrinkage curve surface and finally forming a wind tunnel shrinkage section.
Further, the equivalent diameter in step S1 is a hydraulic diameter, and is calculated according to the following formula:
D＝4S/C
wherein D is the hydraulic diameter, S is the cross-sectional area, and C is the wet perimeter length.
Furthermore, a tangent circle with the diameter D is created in the arc-shaped inner part of the corresponding section, a tangent point is taken as a section vertex, and the circle center is the position of the circle center of the section.
Further, the contraction curve types in step S2 include a viscinki curve, a bicubic curve, and a quintic curve.
Furthermore, the contraction ratio is the ratio of the cross section areas of the inlet and the outlet, and the contraction ratio is 4: 1-6: 1;
the ratio of the length of the contraction section to the equivalent diameter of the inlet section is 0.8-1.2, wherein the length of the contraction section is the distance between the inlet section and the outlet section.
Further, determining the relative spatial positions of the characteristic cross sections of the inlet and the outlet of the contraction section, creating a two-dimensional plane, designating the contraction ratio and the length ratio of the contraction section, and calculating according to a contraction curve formula to obtain a corresponding curve;
repeating the steps to obtain a plurality of curves, and adjusting a contraction curve formula, a contraction ratio and a contraction section length ratio to obtain a group of two-dimensional contraction section sections.
Furthermore, each two-dimensional model and the two-dimensional test segment are combined to establish a fluid simulation model, and the direction angle, the turbulence degree and the axial static pressure gradient of the test segment of all the models are predicted through fluid simulation, so that a two-dimensional optimal shrinkage curve based on a certain evaluation index is obtained.
Further, a three-dimensional shrinkage curved surface is constructed by using the obtained boundary line of the two-dimensional shrinkage plane, a wind tunnel test section is created, computational fluid mechanics simulation is carried out on the model, the direction angle, the turbulence energy, the axial static pressure gradient and the total pressure loss of all the models are predicted, and the optimal three-dimensional shrinkage curved surface is selected.
Furthermore, the obtained three-dimensional shrinkage curved surface is thickened, the inlet and the outlet of each shrinkage section are connected through a flange and a bolt, model strength check is carried out according to the surface pressure distribution condition of the obtained curved surface, and the thickness of the shrinkage section is confirmed.
Further, rubber gaskets are adopted for sealing between the adjacent contraction sections, the selection of the thickness and the material of the contraction sections is determined according to the speed and the pressure gradient of the contraction sections, and the check is carried out through strength calculation.
The invention provides a method for designing a wind tunnel contraction section capable of being contracted for multiple times aiming at the pneumatic wind tunnel test requirements of long tunnel running vehicles, and meets the requirements of high-quality incoming flows under different tunnel sections. The national standard stipulates that the cross section of the highway tunnel and the railway tunnel is in a major arc shape. Under the condition of a given outlet section, a multi-parameter optimization method taking the type of a contraction curve, the equivalent diameter of an inlet and an outlet, the length of the contraction section and the contraction ratio as parameters is provided, and in a reasonable parameter change range, a two-dimensional optimal contraction curve is determined firstly, and then a three-dimensional optimal contraction curved surface is determined. Considering the requirement of the wind tunnel contraction section for multiple contraction, a design method for firstly calculating the equivalent diameter of each contraction and determining the circle center of each contraction is provided, and meanwhile, the tail end of the previous contraction curve is continuous with the front end of the next contraction curve, so that the phenomenon that flow separation occurs at the junction due to unreasonable transition and the quality of outlet airflow is influenced is avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the design method of the wind tunnel contraction section with multiple contraction can be used for designing a vehicle aerodynamic test platform in a tunnel environment and can provide high-quality incoming flow;
(2) the invention can be rapidly processed under the current manufacturing process level, has simple structure and convenient installation, can be rapidly disassembled and assembled to meet the test requirements of different tunnel sections, and greatly saves the design and construction cost of the wind tunnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a guide wire and features;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a constrictor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a side view of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
In this embodiment, taking a design method of a twice-contracted contraction section of a tunnel pneumatic test as an example, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) the key characteristic cross section of the wind tunnel contraction section is as follows: the inlet of the contraction section 1, the outlet of the contraction section 1 (the inlet of the contraction section 2) and the outlet of the contraction section 2, the geometric parameters of the outlets of the contraction sections 1 and 2 are specified by an implementer, and the geometric parameters are both the tunnel sections with the contraction ratio.
(2) A three-dimensional coordinate system is established, as shown in FIG. 1, the center O1 of the inlet of the over-contraction section 1 is taken as the origin, the section perpendicular to the inlet direction is taken as the x axis, and the outlet direction of the contraction section 1 is taken as the positive direction of the x axis. The straight line passing through the origin and parallel to the bottom edge of the outlet of the contraction section 1 is a y-axis, the straight line passing through the origin and perpendicular to the bottom edge is a z-axis,
the direction is the positive direction of the y axis, and the direction is the positive direction of the z axis.
(3) And (3) calculating the hydraulic diameter D of the outlet of the contraction section 1 and the outlet of the contraction section 2 to be 4S/C (S is the section area, C is the wet circumference length), creating a tangent circle with the diameter D in the corresponding section arc, taking a tangent point as the section vertex, taking the circle center as the circle center position of the section, and adjusting the three section positions of the inlet and the outlet of the contraction section 1 and the outlet of the contraction section 2 to ensure that the coordinate values of the circle center y and the circle center z are consistent.
(4) The wind tunnel contraction curves widely used in the technical field are introduced, and comprise a Winsissie curve, a bicubic curve and a quintic curve.
Vickers curve:
bicubic curve:
fifth order curve:
in the formula, R1Is the distance of the starting point from the axis, R2The distance from the end point to the axis is half height, R is the half height of the cross section at the axial distance x, and L is the length of the contraction section; in the bicubic curve, xmTaking x as the connection point of the front and back cubic curvesm＝0.25。
(5) The ratio of the length L1 of constrictor 1 to the equivalent diameter of the inlet of constrictor 1 is the ratio of the length of the constrictor, denoted as λ1And the length ratio of the 2-segment is recorded as lambda2The relationship between the length ratios of the two puncture segments is determined by:
the contraction ratio is 4: 1-6: 1, and the length ratio of the contraction sections is 1: 0.8-1: 1.2. The diameter of the inlet of the contraction section 1 and the lengths L1 and L2 of the contraction sections 1 and 2 are determined by the two parameters.
(5) Determining the relative positions of the characteristic cross sections of the inlet of the contraction section 1, the outlet of the contraction section 1 and the outlet of the contraction section 2. Parallel to the bottom inlet edge of the constriction 2, a two-dimensional plane is created by the line O1O2, fig. 1, which intersects the characteristic cross-section at a1, a2, B1, B2, C1, C2.
Starting at A1 and ending at B1. The inlet section half height is defined as A1O1 and the outlet section half height is defined as B1O 2. The contraction ratio and the contraction section length ratio are specified, the length of A1O1 and the distance of O1O2 are determined, and the curve A1B1 is obtained by substituting the lengths into a contraction section curve formula. Repeating the above steps can obtain curves A2B2, B1C1, B2C 2. The C1C2 length was taken as the reference and extended back along the x-axis to create a closed test section. And adjusting the shrinkage curve formula, the shrinkage ratio and the shrinkage section length ratio to obtain a group of two-dimensional shrinkage section sections.
(6) The flow field result of the two-dimensional simulation model can be obtained through fluid simulation. And selecting an optimal two-dimensional shrinkage curve by taking the outlet direction angle, the turbulence degree and the axial static pressure gradient of the test section as judgment standards.
In this embodiment, the axial static pressure gradient of the quintic contraction curve is optimal, the larger the contraction ratio is, the lower the outlet turbulence is, and the influence of the ratio of different contraction section lengths on the flow field quality is small. And selecting four shrinkage curves with similar flow field quality in the quintic curves for further three-dimensional optimization.
(7) And (4) constructing a three-dimensional shrinkage curved surface by using the two-dimensional plane boundary line in the step (5) according to the four shrinkage curve parameters which are preferably selected in the step (6). And establishing a wind tunnel test section by taking the outlet of the contraction section 2 as a standard. And performing computational fluid mechanics simulation on the model, predicting the direction angles, the turbulent kinetic energy, the axial static pressure gradient of the test section and the total pressure loss of all the models, and selecting the optimal three-dimensional shrinkage curved surface. In the example, the contraction ratio is 4:1, the quintic curve of the contraction section length ratio is 1:1 is optimal, and the axial static pressure gradient and the direction angle of the quintic curve reach the excellent indexes of national standards.
(8) Thickening the three-dimensional shrinkage curved surface obtained in the step (7), additionally arranging flanges at the inlet and the outlet of the shrinkage section 1 and the outlet of the shrinkage section 2, checking the strength of the model according to the surface pressure distribution condition of the curved surface obtained in the step (7), and confirming the thickness of the shrinkage section, wherein in the embodiment, ABS plastic is used as the material, the thickness is 10mm, and the requirement of the outlet speed of 150km/h can be met, as shown in figure 2.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for designing a wind tunnel contraction section capable of being contracted for multiple times is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, calculating equivalent diameters of different sections, and determining the circle center position of the equivalent diameters;
s2, selecting a shrinkage curve type, and determining the length of a shrinkage section and the variation range of the shrinkage ratio;
s3, establishing a two-dimensional multi-parameter optimization model and evaluation indexes, predicting the parameter model through flow simulation, and thus obtaining a two-dimensional optimal shrinkage curve under each evaluation index;
s4, constructing a three-dimensional shrinkage curved surface by taking the two-dimensional optimal shrinkage curve as a boundary line based on each evaluation index;
and step S5, establishing an evaluation index of the three-dimensional shrinkage curve surface, predicting the flow characteristic of the three-dimensional shrinkage curve surface through flow simulation, obtaining a three-dimensional optimal shrinkage curve surface and finally forming a wind tunnel shrinkage section.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the equivalent diameter in step S1 is a hydraulic diameter, and is calculated according to the following formula:
D＝4S/C
wherein D is the hydraulic diameter, S is the cross-sectional area, and C is the wet perimeter length.
3. The method for designing the wind tunnel constriction section of multiple constriction according to claim 2, wherein a tangent circle with a diameter D is created in the corresponding section arc, the tangent point is a section vertex, and the circle center is the position of the circle center of the section.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the contraction curve types in step S2 include Winsissiki curve, bicubic curve, and quintic curve.
5. The method for designing the wind tunnel contraction section with multiple contractions according to claim 4, wherein the contraction ratio is the ratio of the inlet and outlet cross-sectional areas, and the contraction ratio is 4: 1-6: 1;
the ratio of the length of the contraction section to the equivalent diameter of the inlet section is 0.8-1.2, wherein the length of the contraction section is the distance between the inlet section and the outlet section.
6. The method for designing the multiple-contraction wind tunnel contraction section according to claim 5, wherein the relative positions of the characteristic section spaces of the inlet and the outlet of the contraction section are determined, a two-dimensional plane is created, the contraction ratio and the contraction section length ratio are specified, and a corresponding curve is obtained by calculation according to a contraction curve formula;
repeating the steps to obtain a plurality of curves, and adjusting a contraction curve formula, a contraction ratio and a contraction section length ratio to obtain a group of two-dimensional contraction section sections.
7. The method for designing the wind tunnel contraction section with multiple contractions according to claim 6, wherein each two-dimensional model is combined with a two-dimensional test section to build a fluid simulation model, and the direction angle, turbulence and axial static pressure gradient of the test section of all models are predicted through fluid simulation to obtain a two-dimensional optimal contraction curve based on a certain evaluation index.
8. The method for designing the wind tunnel contraction section with multiple contractions according to claim 7, wherein the three-dimensional contraction curved surface is constructed by the boundary line of the obtained two-dimensional contraction plane, the wind tunnel test section is created, the model is subjected to computational fluid mechanics simulation, the direction angle, the turbulent kinetic energy, the axial static pressure gradient and the total pressure loss of all the models are predicted, and the optimal three-dimensional contraction curved surface is selected.
9. The method for designing the wind tunnel contraction section with multiple contractions according to claim 8, wherein the obtained three-dimensional contraction curved surface is thickened, the inlet and the outlet of each contraction section are connected by a flange and a bolt, and the model strength is checked according to the pressure distribution condition of the surface of the obtained curved surface to confirm the thickness of the contraction section.
10. The method for designing the wind tunnel contraction section with multiple contractions according to claim 9, wherein the adjacent contraction sections are sealed by rubber gaskets, the selection of the thickness and the material of the contraction section is determined by the velocity and the pressure gradient of the contraction section, and the checking is performed by the intensity calculation.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN115144152A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-10-04 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Deformed large-caliber contraction section and installation method |
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| CN116933694A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-10-24 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Wind tunnel contraction section curve optimization design method based on flow separation prediction |
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| CN115144152A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-10-04 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Deformed large-caliber contraction section and installation method |
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| CN115879396A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-31 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Flow one-dimensional pneumatic design method for air inlet front chamber of high-altitude simulation test bed |
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| CN116933694A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-10-24 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Wind tunnel contraction section curve optimization design method based on flow separation prediction |
| CN116933694B (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-12-19 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Wind tunnel contraction section curve optimization design method based on flow separation prediction |
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