CN113740155A - Automatic measuring equipment for elongation after fracture, maximum force total elongation and reduction of area of metal material - Google Patents
Automatic measuring equipment for elongation after fracture, maximum force total elongation and reduction of area of metal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113740155A CN113740155A CN202110926962.XA CN202110926962A CN113740155A CN 113740155 A CN113740155 A CN 113740155A CN 202110926962 A CN202110926962 A CN 202110926962A CN 113740155 A CN113740155 A CN 113740155A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/022—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by means of tv-camera scanning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及视觉特征领域，更具体的说是指基于摄像头捕捉材料散斑特征、利用视频图像分析软件实时跟踪特征区域并测量其位移的一种设备，更具体的说摄像头捕捉到材料边缘散斑特征，分析软件自动计算边缘特征位移的最小值，作为断后直径d发送到拉力试验机软件参与断面收缩率的计算；同时将材料边缘特征位移最小值作为材料断裂位置，将设置好的原始虚拟散斑特征的断后伸长量平均分布在材料断裂的纵向两侧，得出断后伸长量Lu发送到拉力试验机软件完成断后伸长率的计算；同时分析软件自动分析采用断后试样较长一侧进行测量，自动距离断口50mm或2d两者之间大者，测量100mm散斑特征点的伸长量L，将伸长量数据发送到拉伸试验机软件完成最大力总延伸率的计算。
The invention relates to the field of visual features, and more specifically refers to a device that captures material speckle features based on a camera, uses video image analysis software to track the feature area in real time and measures its displacement, and more specifically refers to a camera that captures material edge speckle The analysis software automatically calculates the minimum value of the edge characteristic displacement, and sends it to the tensile testing machine software to participate in the calculation of the section shrinkage rate as the diameter d after fracture; The elongation after fracture of the spot feature is evenly distributed on both sides of the longitudinal direction of the material fracture, and the elongation after fracture Lu is obtained and sent to the tensile testing machine software to complete the calculation of the elongation after fracture. Measure from side to side, automatically distance from the fracture to 50mm or 2d, whichever is greater, measure the elongation L of the 100mm speckle feature point, and send the elongation data to the tensile testing machine software to complete the calculation of the maximum force total elongation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of visual characteristic images, in particular to equipment for capturing material speckle characteristics based on a camera, tracking characteristic points in real time by utilizing image analysis and measuring displacement of the characteristic points.
Background
The elongation, the maximum force total elongation and the reduction of area are common plasticity indexes of steel materials, and original records, detection reports and quality assurance books of detection need to reflect the plasticity indexes of the steel materials. The elongation is: the percentage of the ratio of the elongation of the original gauge length to the original gauge length, the maximum force total elongation is the percentage of the ratio of the total elongation of the original gauge length to the extensometer gauge length at the maximum force, and the reduction of area is the ratio of the area of the reduced area to the original area of the reduced area when the reduced area is broken under tension. The method is widely applied to various links (delivery detection, quality detection station detection, engineering project detection, user-in-factory detection and the like) of performance detection of metal industries such as steel, nonferrous metals and the like, and the indexes of the conventional elongation, the maximum total elongation and the reduction of area are measured by using vernier calipers, so that the following problems exist.
The efficiency is low: the method comprises the steps of firstly putting a tensile test sample under a point marking machine for surface original point marking, manually butting the test sample after the test sample is broken, measuring the elongation of original gauge length evenly distributed on two sides of a fracture by using a vernier caliper, and manually inputting the elongation into a computer for calculation. The total elongation of the largest force needs to put the tensile sample under the punctuation machine for surface original punctuation, after the sample is broken, the elongation of 10 lattices of the punctuation distance is measured from 50mm of the fracture position or 2d between the two, and the elongation is calculated by a manual input computer. And thirdly, the original cross-sectional area of the reduction of area is the average original cross-sectional area, the sizes of the two ends and the middle sample of the sample are manually measured and recorded, the average size is manually calculated to obtain the average area, the average area is input into a computer of the tensile testing machine, the minimum size of the area of the sample is measured after the sample is broken, the minimum size of the area of the sample is input into the computer to solve the reduction of area value, 3 indexes have more manual measurement data, and the original punctuation on the surface of the punctuating machine is required. The average work time of measuring the mark point of one stretched sample before stretching and the size of the stretched sample before stretching is 1.5 minutes, and the efficiency is slow.
The vernier caliper is typically accurate to 0.02 mm, and its accuracy decreases over time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is based on the camera to capture the speckle characteristic of the material, utilizes the image analysis to track the movement of the characteristic point in real time, and transmits the displacement size of the characteristic point to the software of the tensile testing machine for calculation, and aims to overcome the difficulties in the existing process of measuring the elongation, the maximum force total elongation and the reduction of area index.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the device comprises a main frame of the tension machine (used for breaking a sample), 2 video cameras (used for capturing characteristic points of the sample in real time), a set of background light source (used for distinguishing the edge and the back of the sample in a video) and a set of video image analysis software (shown in figure 1).
The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
the specific implementation steps of the elongation measurement are as follows: the specific implementation steps of the elongation measurement are as follows: the method comprises the steps of placing a sample to be detected to a clamping jaw of a tensile testing machine, turning on a video camera power supply, computer software and a background light source, enabling a video image to be in a real object, enabling the parallel section to be transversely and averagely divided into 500 small sections by the software (different sections can be set), enabling the software to automatically identify feature points at two ends (sample edges) of the 500 small sections, calculating the distance between every two small section of feature points, enabling the software to be in virtual punctuations in the middle area of the sample, and recording speckle features near each virtual punctuation (see fig. 2).
Further, the tensile testing machine starts to be stretched, the sample is elongated by the testing machine, and the speckle characteristic points near the virtual points are displaced as the sample is elongated until the sample is snapped. The software automatically tracks the position of each spot characteristic point and measures the distance of the spot characteristic point, the minimum distance in the horizontal 500 sections is tracked to be used as the breaking position of the sample, the virtual points are evenly distributed on the two longitudinal sides of the minimum position (see figure 3), the post-breaking elongation Lu of the original virtual points is obtained according to the software scheme, the Lu is transmitted into stretching software, and the elongation is obtained according to the formula A = ((Lu-L0)/L0) × 100%.
The specific implementation steps of the total elongation of the maximum force are as follows: the specific implementation steps of the measurement of the total elongation of the maximum force are as follows: the utility model discloses a tensile testing machine, including the tensile testing machine centre gripping jaw with the sample that will wait to detect, open the video camera power, computer software, background light source, the real object can appear in the video image, the software transversely evenly divides into 700 subsections (can set up different section numbers) with parallel section, the feature point of the both ends (sample edge) of these 700 subsections of software automatic identification, and calculate the distance between every subsection feature point, the software is at the regional virtual punctuation in sample middle part simultaneously, and record the speckle characteristic near every virtual punctuation (see figure 2), the software is at the regional virtual punctuation of sample middle part, and record the speckle characteristic near every virtual punctuation.
Further, the tensile testing machine starts to be stretched, the sample is elongated by the testing machine, and the speckle characteristic points near the virtual points are displaced as the sample is elongated until the sample is snapped. The software automatically tracks the position of each spot characteristic point and measures the distance of the spot characteristic point, the minimum distance tracked in the transverse 700 section is used as the breaking position of the sample, the automatic analysis adopts one side of the length of the sample after breaking to measure, the computer automatically measures the elongation L (shown in figure 4) with 10-grid distance from the 50mm or 2d larger distance from the break according to the setting of scheme parameters, the elongation data is led into the software of a tensile testing machine, and the result is calculated by adopting Agt = ((L-L0)/L0 + Rm/E) × 100%.
The automatic measurement of the reduction of area comprises the following specific implementation steps: the automatic measurement of the reduction of area comprises the following specific implementation steps: the method comprises the steps of placing a sample to be detected on a clamping jaw of a tensile testing machine, turning on a video camera power supply, computer software and a background light source, enabling a video image to have an obvious edge boundary line between a real object and the background light source, averagely dividing a parallel section into 500 small sections (different sections can be set) by the computer according to the set parallel section (the parallel section of a circular dumbbell sample is generally 80 mm) of the real object tensile sample, averagely dividing each small section by 0.16mm, automatically identifying characteristic points of samples at two ends of the 500 small sections by the software, calculating the distance between the characteristic points of the small sections, calculating the average displacement d0 of the 500 small sections and transmitting the average displacement d0 to the tensile testing machine software (see fig. 2).
Furthermore, the testing machine starts to stretch, the sample is stretched by the testing machine, the software tracks the movement of the feature points at two ends of 500 small segments in real time, the distance between each feature point is calculated in real time, and the position information of the minimum feature point in the range in the parallel segment is automatically recorded.
Further, according to the position information of the minimum feature point, a minimum fracture displacement is automatically simulated (see fig. 5), the simulated minimum fracture displacement d1 value is automatically transmitted to the stretching software to participate in the calculation of the reduction of area, similarly, the simulated minimum fracture displacement d2 value is automatically transmitted to the stretching software by another camera to obtain a minimum average value du = (d1+ d2)/2 after the fracture, and the stretching software uses the reduction of area calculation formula: z = (d 0)2-du2)/ d02Calculated results of 100%。
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the efficiency is improved: the camera captures the speckle characteristics of the material, tracks the movement of characteristic measurement characteristic points in real time, does not need time-consuming measurement, and simultaneously outputs measurement results after the sample is broken, so that manual point marking, measurement of original diameters (average value of diameters of two ends and the middle part), measurement of minimum average diameter after the sample is broken (average value of diameters of two diameters in the vertical direction), measurement of elongation L after the sample is broken under maximum force and measurement of elongation Lu after the sample is broken are omitted, and each sample is saved for 1.5 minutes. 2. The precision is improved: the precision of the traditional digital display vernier caliper is 0.01mm, the precision of the automatic measuring equipment is 0.0005mm, and the precision is improved by 20 times. The average value of two ends and the middle 3 positions of the traditional original average diameter measurement is calculated, 500 positions are averaged by the device, and the data is more accurate. 3. Non-contact measurement: the non-contact measurement can not apply any external force to the sample and damage the surface of the sample, the slipping phenomenon does not exist, the whole test process is measured, and the safety of an operator is finally ensured through the non-contact measurement.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
In order to illustrate the present solution more clearly, the drawings used will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and are not to be considered limiting of scope, other related drawings may also be obtained from these drawings.
FIG. 1 is a distribution diagram of a tensile testing machine and a camera structure
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of virtual point speckle characteristics and sample edge speckle characteristics
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the displacement of elongation virtual point speckle features as the sample moves
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the characteristic displacement of the speckle characteristic of the virtual point with the maximum force total elongation after the speckle characteristic moves along with the sample
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the characteristic displacement of speckle characteristics at the edge of a reduction of area sample after the sample is deformed.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a metal material elongation after fracture, maximum force total elongation, area shrinkage rate automatic measuring equipment which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a main frame of the tension machine (used for breaking a sample), 2 video cameras (used for capturing characteristic points of the sample in real time), a set of background light source (used for distinguishing the edge and the back of the sample in a video) and a set of video image analysis software (shown in figure 1).
2. The automatic measuring equipment for the elongation after fracture, the maximum force total elongation and the reduction of area of the metal material according to claim 1, wherein the specific implementation steps of the elongation measurement are as follows: placing a sample to be detected on a clamping jaw of a tensile testing machine, turning on a video camera power supply, computer software and a background light source, enabling a video image to be a real object, transversely and averagely dividing a parallel section into 500 small sections (different sections can be set), automatically identifying feature points at two ends (sample edges) of the 500 small sections by the software, calculating the distance between the feature points of each small section, and simultaneously, virtually marking points in the middle area of the sample by the software and recording speckle features near the virtual marking points (see fig. 2); further, the tensile testing machine starts to stretch, the sample is stretched by the testing machine, the speckle characteristic points near the virtual points are displaced along with the stretching of the sample until the sample is broken; the software automatically tracks the position of each spot characteristic point and measures the distance of the spot characteristic point, the minimum distance in the horizontal 500 sections is tracked to be used as the breaking position of the sample, the virtual points are evenly distributed on the two longitudinal sides of the minimum position (see figure 3), the post-breaking elongation Lu of the original virtual points is obtained according to the software scheme, the Lu is transmitted into stretching software, and the elongation is obtained according to the formula A = ((Lu-L0)/L0) × 100%.
3. The automatic measuring equipment for the elongation after fracture, the maximum force total elongation and the reduction of area of the metal material according to claim 1, wherein the maximum force total elongation comprises the following specific implementation steps: the specific implementation steps of the measurement of the total elongation of the maximum force are as follows: placing a sample to be detected on a clamping jaw of a tensile testing machine, turning on a video camera power supply, computer software and a background light source, enabling a video image to be a real object, transversely and averagely dividing a parallel section into 700 sections (different sections can be set), automatically identifying feature points at two ends (sample edges) of the 700 sections by the software, calculating the distance between the feature points of each section, simultaneously virtually marking points in the middle area of the sample by the software, recording speckle features near each virtual marking point (see fig. 2), virtually marking points in the middle area of the sample by the software, and recording the speckle features near each virtual marking point; further, the tensile testing machine starts to stretch, the sample is stretched by the testing machine, the speckle characteristic points near the virtual points are displaced along with the stretching of the sample until the sample is pulled apart, the software automatically tracks the position of each speckle characteristic point and measures the distance of the speckle characteristic point, the minimum distance tracked in the transverse 700 section is used as the fracture position of the sample, the automatic analysis adopts one side of the sample length after the fracture for measurement, the computer automatically measures the elongation L (see figure 4) of 10-grid-pitch according to the setting of scheme parameters, and the elongation data is introduced into the tensile testing machine software and calculated by adopting Agt = ((L-L0)/L0 + Rm/E) × 100%.
4. The automatic measuring equipment for the elongation after fracture, the maximum force total elongation and the reduction of area of the metal material according to claim 1, wherein the automatic measurement of the reduction of area comprises the following specific steps: placing a sample to be detected on a clamping jaw of a tensile testing machine, turning on a video camera power supply, computer software and a background light source, wherein a video image can have an obvious edge boundary line between a real object and the background light source, averagely dividing a parallel section into 500 small sections (different sections can be set) by the computer according to the set parallel section (the parallel section of a circular dumbbell sample is generally 80 mm) of the real object tensile sample, averagely dividing each small section by 0.16mm, automatically identifying characteristic points of the samples at two ends of the 500 small sections by the software, calculating the distance between the characteristic points of each small section, calculating the average displacement d0 of the 500 small sections and transmitting the average displacement d0 to the tensile testing machine software (see fig. 2); furthermore, the testing machine begins to stretch, the sample is elongated by the testing machine, and the software tracks the movement of the characteristic points at two ends of 500 small segments in real time to realizeCalculating the distance between each feature point and automatically recording the position information of the minimum feature point in the range in the parallel section; further, according to the position information of the minimum feature point, a minimum fracture displacement is automatically simulated (see fig. 5), the simulated minimum fracture displacement d1 value is automatically transmitted to the stretching software to participate in the calculation of the reduction of area, similarly, the simulated minimum fracture displacement d2 value is automatically transmitted to the stretching software by another camera to obtain a minimum average value du = (d1+ d2)/2 after the fracture, and the stretching software uses the reduction of area calculation formula: z = (d 0)2-du2)/ d02Results were calculated 100%.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114441292A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-06 | 福建三钢闽光股份有限公司 | Processing method of visual extensometer for automatically measuring specified plastic extension strength |
| CN116202890A (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2023-06-02 | 山东路达试验仪器有限公司 | Intelligent measuring system and method for elongation of steel bar based on machine vision |
| CN116380685A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-07-04 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A method for measuring the reduction of area of a high temperature tensile sample |
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