CN113735904B - 一种润滑添加剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- BZDGCIJWPWHAOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4,5-tetramine;hydron;tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.Cl.Cl.NC1=CC(N)=C(N)C=C1N BZDGCIJWPWHAOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NJGCRMAPOWGWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(O)(O)=O NJGCRMAPOWGWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OHEMLAUGLPRNIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(O)=O OHEMLAUGLPRNIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- BANXPJUEBPWEOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-Pentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C BANXPJUEBPWEOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 dioctyl phosphonic acid ammonium salt Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- CJBFZKZYIPBBTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N isotetradecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C CJBFZKZYIPBBTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940043268 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- KUVMKLCGXIYSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentadecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C KUVMKLCGXIYSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940038384 octadecane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008782 xin-kang Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6568—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/65685—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being part of a phosphine oxide or thioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种润滑添加剂的制备方法,将有机溶剂加入到反应容器中,搅拌升温至70~90℃后,通入氮气,冷凝回流20~60min,然后往反应容器中加入1,2,4,5‑苯四胺四盐酸盐,搅拌混匀后,再滴加辛基膦酸,保温反应8~10h,最后将反应产物提纯,得到润滑添加剂。本发明原料易得,成本低,反应条件简单,低碳环保,制得的润滑添加剂在油品中使用时具有优异的极压、抗磨性能,由于该润滑添加剂中存在长碳链结构和苯环结构,因此在油品中使用时还具有良好的润湿性和抗氧化效果,可以作为多效添加剂应用于工业用油及内燃机油中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑材料技术领域,具体涉及一种润滑油添加剂的制备方法。
背景技术
在机械加工或者设备运行过程中,为了提高工业油和内燃机油等的润滑效果,通常会在其中添加少量具有润滑性的添加剂,目前,最常使用的润滑添加剂为高活性硫、高磷或者含有氮杂环的磷氮型添加剂。但是,高活性硫和高磷类的添加剂在使用过程中会产生大量的废弃物,难以处理,不符合现今的环保要求,而含有氮杂环的磷氮型添加剂合成条件苛刻,产率低,难以适应润滑油市场的需要,且抗氧化性和润湿性也需要进一步提高。
近年来社会上关于环保的要求越来越严格,特别是关于节能减排、低碳环保的呼声日益增加,因此迫切需要研发环保高效的润滑添加剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中润滑添加剂存在的污染较大、合成条件苛刻、产率低等问题,提供一种润滑添加剂的制备方法,合成过程简单,成本低,污染小,制得的润滑添加剂具有优异的减磨、抗磨性,以及较好的润湿性及抗氧性。
技术方案
一种润滑添加剂的制备方法:将有机溶剂加入到反应容器中,搅拌升温至70~90℃后,通入氮气,冷凝回流20~60min,然后往反应容器中加入1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐,搅拌混匀后,再滴加辛基膦酸,保温反应8~10h,最后将反应产物提纯,得到润滑添加剂。
进一步,所述有机溶剂为异构烷烃,选自异构十四烷烃、异构十六烷烃或异构十八烷烃中的任意一种。
进一步,所述辛基膦酸和1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐的摩尔比为2:(1~2)。
进一步,所述辛基膦酸的滴加速度为1滴/秒。
进一步,所述提纯采用的是减压蒸馏的方法。
本发明的反应机理如下:
本发明的有益效果是:本发明采用辛基膦酸和1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐为原料,合成了一种含有磷-氮和苯环结构的二辛基膦酸铵盐,原料易得,成本低,反应条件简单,低碳环保,制得的含有磷-氮和苯环结构的二辛基膦酸铵盐作为添加剂在油品中使用时具有优异的极压、抗磨性能,由于合成产物中存在长碳链结构和苯环结构,因此在油品中使用时还具有良好的润湿性和抗氧化效果。本发明的润滑添加剂适合用于设备中的工业液压油、齿轮油、导轨油等,一般添加量为1-3%,还可以用于金属加工用的拉伸油、切削油中,添加量一般为2-5%。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的润滑添加剂的红外图谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细说明。
值得说明的是,下述实施例中,采用的异构烷烃购自东莞康顺化工科技有限公司,采用的1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐购自湖北信康医药化工有限公司,但均不限于此。
实施例1
一种润滑添加剂的制备方法:将异构十四烷烃加入到四口烧瓶中,搅拌升温至70℃后,通入氮气,冷凝回流30min,然后往四口烧瓶中加入1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐,搅拌混匀后,再以1滴/秒的速度滴加辛基膦酸,辛基膦酸与1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐的摩尔比为2:1,70℃保温反应8h后,静置冷却,通过减压蒸馏将反应产物提纯,得到润滑添加剂,产率为73.4%。
实施例1制得的润滑添加剂的红外图谱见图1,其中,图1a为1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐的红外图谱,3434cm-1和3351cm-1为苯胺的特征峰,997cm-1为苯环骨架的特征峰;图1b为辛基膦酸的红外图谱,2927cm-1和2852cm-1为甲基和亚甲基的峰,1463cm-1处为P=O键的振动峰;图1c为润滑添加剂的红外图谱,不仅在997cm-1处有苯环骨架的峰,在2927cm-1和2852cm-1处有甲基和亚甲基的峰,并且因为反应生成了P-N键,表现在1378cm-1处的振动峰,并且对P=O键的位置产生了影响,轻微的偏移到了1458cm-1处,说明润滑添加剂中含有磷-氮和苯环结构。
实施例2
一种润滑添加剂的制备方法:将异构十六烷烃加入到四口烧瓶中,搅拌升温至80℃后,通入氮气,冷凝回流30min,然后往四口烧瓶中加入1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐,搅拌混匀后,再以1滴/秒的速度滴加辛基膦酸,辛基膦酸与1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐的摩尔比为2:1.5,80℃保温反应9h后,静置冷却,通过减压蒸馏将反应产物提纯,得到润滑添加剂,产率为76.3%。
实施例3
一种润滑添加剂的制备方法:将异构十八烷烃加入到四口烧瓶中,搅拌升温至90℃后,通入氮气,冷凝回流30min,然后往四口烧瓶中加入1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐,搅拌混匀后,再以1滴/秒的速度滴加辛基膦酸,辛基膦酸与1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐的摩尔比为2:2,90℃保温反应10h后,静置冷却,通过减压蒸馏将反应产物提纯,得到润滑添加剂,产率为74.1%。
将实施例1-3制得的润滑添加剂添加到基础油(环烷基油)中,添加量为3%,测试攻丝扭矩,并与空白对照基础油和添加了3%辛基膦酸的基础油进行对比,结果见表1:
表1攻丝扭矩测试数据
由表1的测试结果可以看出,本发明实施例制得的润滑添加剂具有优良的润滑性能。
Claims (3)
1.一种润滑添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,将有机溶剂加入到反应容器中,搅拌升温至70~90℃后,通入氮气,冷凝回流20~60min,然后往反应容器中加入1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐,搅拌混匀后,再滴加辛基膦酸,保温反应8~10h,最后将反应产物提纯,得到润滑添加剂;
所述有机溶剂选自异构十四烷烃、异构十六烷烃或异构十八烷烃中的任意一种;所述辛基膦酸的滴加速度为1滴/秒。
2.如权利要求1所述润滑添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述辛基膦酸和1,2,4,5-苯四胺四盐酸盐的摩尔比为2:(1~2)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述润滑添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述提纯采用的是减压蒸馏的方法。
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