CN113735368A - A small watershed rural domestic sewage treatment system and method - Google Patents
A small watershed rural domestic sewage treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及生活污水处理技术领域，具体公开了一种小流域农村生活污水处理系统及方法。所述方法是通过在农户庭院内对黑水和灰水分别进行收集和处理，并通过沟渠改造、利用生态处理模块系统和自然生态系统，实现污水净化。所述系统由灰水处理装置联合生态处理模块系统对农村生活污水进行处理，能够克服基建费用高、占地面积大、管理复杂、运行成本高、生态性差等缺点，并且得到可直接利用的尾水，真正实现污水净化、循环利用、变废为宝。The invention relates to the technical field of domestic sewage treatment, and specifically discloses a small watershed rural domestic sewage treatment system and method. The method is to collect and treat black water and grey water respectively in farmers' courtyards, and to realize sewage purification through ditch reconstruction and utilization of ecological treatment module systems and natural ecosystems. The system uses a grey water treatment device combined with an ecological treatment module system to treat rural domestic sewage, which can overcome the shortcomings of high infrastructure costs, large floor space, complex management, high operating costs, and poor ecology, and can directly use the tail end. Water, truly realize sewage purification, recycling, turning waste into treasure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rural domestic sewage treatment, in particular to a rural domestic sewage treatment system and method in a small watershed.
Background
According to the second national pollution source census bulletin, the rural domestic sewage in 2017 emits 499.62 million tons of chemical oxygen demand, 24.50 million tons of ammonia nitrogen, 44.65 million tons of total nitrogen and 3.69 million tons of total phosphorus, while the rural domestic sewage treatment rate is only 30%, the chemical oxygen demand is 349.73 million tons, the ammonia nitrogen is 17.15 million tons, the total nitrogen is 31.26 million tons and the total phosphorus is 2.58 million tons, and the rural water environment pollution situation is severe.
Through years of scientific research and practical exploration, rural domestic sewage treatment technology and equipment make great progress. The rural domestic sewage treatment technology has many kinds, and can be divided into a biological treatment technology, an ecological treatment technology and a physicochemical treatment technology according to the principle. Wherein, the biological treatment technology mainly comprises an activated sludge method, a biofilm method and the like; the ecological treatment technology mainly comprises a land infiltration system, an artificial wetland, a stabilization pond and the like; the physicochemical treatment technology mainly comprises coagulation, air flotation, adsorption, ion exchange, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and the like. In practical application, more processes are combined, such as an anaerobic pool, an aerobic pool, an artificial wetland, an anaerobic pool, a stabilization pond and the like. In general, the rural domestic sewage treatment technology is better in suitability for more economically developed areas; in economically undeveloped areas, the overall suitability is biased due to factors such as scattered village and population space, low aggregation degree, large fluctuation of water quality and water quantity, underdevelopment of economy and the like.
The invention relates to an ecological strengthening self-purification method for river channel sewage, which is characterized in that a river channel (channel) space is utilized, a plurality of stages of foundation weirs are built to form a wetland oxidation pond to purify the sewage, and with the rapid development of the economy of China, the sewage concentration, pollutants and production quantity are continuously increased, the number of farmers in rural dry toilets for changing into water toilets is continuously increased, and the method is easy to cause the problems of poor treatment effect, environmental pollution and the like. The method for treating rural domestic sewage invented by the aged people is characterized in that excrement, urine and other domestic sewage are treated in a shunting manner, and the domestic sewage enters a biological tank for biological contact oxidation treatment.
Compared with the city, the rural land has strong absorption capacity and wide natural ecosystem distribution, and is an advantageous condition for ecologically treating the rural domestic sewage. However, the treatment of domestic sewage in many rural areas still continues to adopt the urban domestic sewage treatment mode, and the prominent expression is that urban treatment facilities are miniaturized and are not matched with the actual requirements of rural areas, so that the sun exposure phenomenon of the facilities occurs at all times. Considering the general situation that vast rural areas in China are weak in financial status and low in technical and management capabilities, on the basis of scientifically and reasonably utilizing the land absorption capacity of the rural areas, it is necessary to develop a rural domestic sewage treatment method which is in line with rural practice, low in construction cost, good in treatment efficiency, low in operation cost and simple and convenient to manage.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for treating rural domestic sewage in a small watershed, wherein the small watershed is taken as a rural domestic sewage treatment unit, and the system and the method are used for promoting manure recycling and pool and channel ecological transformation according to the basic paths of black and gray separation, channel transformation and tail water utilization, enhancing the connection of tail water and farmland irrigation recycling, ecological restoration and the like, and naturally purifying, recycling and changing waste into valuable rural domestic sewage in a small watershed range.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for treating rural domestic sewage in a small watershed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) black and gray separation: collecting and treating black water and grey water in farmer courtyards respectively;
discharging the collected black water into a septic tank for harmless treatment, directly diluting and utilizing the manure residues or producing the manure residues into organic fertilizer for resource utilization, and discharging the manure liquid in a third grid of the septic tank into a ditch outside a courtyard after passing through a farmer sewage collecting pipe, or reusing the manure liquid in a small garden, a small vegetable garden, a small orchard and the like in front of and behind a house; the collected grey water is treated by a grey water treatment device and then is discharged into a ditch;
(2) treating a ditch: reforming the ditch, and deeply purifying the wastewater discharged into the ditch by more than one ecological treatment module;
(3) tail water utilization: and discharging the standard-reaching tail water obtained after the treatment of the ecological treatment module system or applying the standard-reaching tail water to farmland irrigation to realize the resource utilization of the tail water.
Further, in the black and gray separation step, the septic tank is any one of rectangular, mesh-shaped, triangular, rectangular, T-shaped, circular and other three-format septic tanks. The gray water treatment device comprises a grid sieve and oil absorption cotton and is used for removing large particles and oil substances in the collected gray water.
In practical application, a farmer drainage pipeline is connected with the grey water treatment device, the diameter of the connecting pipeline is 100mm-1000mm, and the material of the pipeline is one of UPVC, PVC, PP winding pipe and HDPE.
Furthermore, in the ditch processing step, the ditch in the village is mainly used for newly building or repairing a damaged ditch, and simultaneously needs to be subjected to anti-seepage processing by using materials such as concrete, masonry, membrane materials and the like, wherein the width of the ditch is 0.5-2 m, and the depth of the ditch is 0.3-1.5 m. The ditch outside the village is built, dredged or expanded on the basis of a grass planting ditch and a damaged ditch, the side wall of the ditch can be built by honeycomb cement boards, grass grid bricks and the like, the width of the ditch is 0.5m-5m, and the depth of the ditch is 0.5m-3 m.
The ditch in the village is used for receiving sewage from the grey water treatment device and daily dumping wastewater, the sewage flows into the ditch outside the village from the ditch in the village and then flows into natural environments in rural areas such as streams, rivers, farmlands or infiltrated soil, and the like, so that the sewage is purified and recycled.
Ecological transformation is carried out in the ditch by using an ecological treatment module system, and water pollutants in the liquid dung and the ash water are reduced.
The size of the ecological treatment modules can be adjusted to adapt to the width of the ditch, and the number of the modules is determined by factors such as the length of the ditch, the tail water discharge requirement and the like.
When the ditch water is finally discharged into small micro water bodies (executing a class standard) with unclear environmental functions, such as GB3838 surface water II, III functional water bodies, closed and semi-closed water bodies, rivers, lakes, warehouses and ponds near villages with small dilution capacity, 5-35 ecological treatment modules are adopted for each kilometer of the ditch.
When the ditch water is finally discharged into GB3838 surface water IV and V-type functional water areas, wetlands, farmlands and forest lands (executing two types of standards), 2-20 ecological treatment modules are adopted for each kilometer of the ditch.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a small-watershed rural domestic sewage treatment system, which comprises an ecological treatment module, wherein the ecological treatment module comprises a bottom plate and a purification assembly, the bottom plate is arranged in a ditch, the purification assembly is arranged on the bottom plate, the front end and the rear end of the bottom plate are respectively provided with a first clamping structure and a second clamping structure which are in clamping fit, and a plurality of bottom plates are connected end to end through the first clamping structure and the second clamping structure.
Optionally, the first clamping structure and the second clamping structure are respectively a clamping groove and a clamping buckle, a screen is arranged at the clamping groove, the screen is in sliding insertion with the clamping groove along the vertical direction, and the bottom plate is connected with the clamping buckle in a seamless mode.
Optionally, the ecological treatment device further comprises a grey water treatment device, the grey water treatment device is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the grey water treatment device is communicated with the ecological treatment module through the water outlet, the grey water treatment device comprises a filtering chamber and a settling chamber, the filtering chamber and the settling chamber are separated by a first partition plate, a first overflow port communicated with the filtering chamber and the settling chamber is arranged on the first partition plate, the water inlet is communicated with the upper section of the filtering chamber, the water outlet is communicated with the upper section of the settling chamber, and first oil absorption cotton is arranged in the filtering chamber.
Optionally, the pair of first oil absorption cotton is obliquely arranged in the filtering chamber, and divides the filtering chamber into three filtering chambers along the water flow direction.
Optionally, a second partition plate is arranged between the pair of first oil absorption cotton, the second partition plate separates the two first oil absorption cotton, and a second overflow port is formed in the second partition plate.
Optionally, the first partition is provided with a plurality of first overflow ports, and the top of the grey water treatment device is provided with an inspection port.
Optionally, a second oil absorption cotton is arranged on one side of the first partition plate, which faces the filter chamber.
Optionally, grey water treatment facilities is still including setting up the grizzly of water inlet department, the grizzly level sets up the cotton top of inhaling oil, one side of grizzly with the inner wall of filter chamber is connected, the grizzly is kept away from the one end of water inlet with be close to the water inlet the cotton upper end of inhaling oil is connected, be close to the water inlet the cotton upper end of inhaling oil pass through the baffle with the top of filter chamber is connected.
Optionally, purify the subassembly and include the precipitation tank that sets gradually along the rivers direction, purify adsorption equipment and plant and purify the groove, be provided with the recess of three embedding irrigation canals and ditches bottom on the bottom plate, the precipitation tank purify adsorption equipment with plant purifies the groove and sets up respectively in three the recess, purify adsorption equipment's upper segment and upwards stretch out to the height that is higher than the irrigation canals and ditches bottom.
Optionally, purify adsorption equipment and include the three-layer filling groove, the three-layer three kind purification materials are filled respectively to the filling groove, the filling material is selected from one or more in zeolite, haydite, quartz sand, vermiculite, slag and the blast furnace slag, be provided with biological biofilm formation suspension filler in the precipitation tank, be provided with the plant unit in the plant purification groove.
The plant unit is planted with plants with good pollutant absorption effect, and the plants are emergent aquatic plants or submerged plants or the combination of the emergent aquatic plants and the submerged plants, so that sewage is naturally purified, the plants in the channel are maintained, the sewage is better circularly absorbed, and the sewage is purified.
The planting scheme of the plants is as follows:
emergent aquatic plants 2-10/m2Is selected from one or more of Thalictrum flower, rhizoma Acori Calami, rhizoma Typhae, rhizoma Phragmitis, Alismatis rhizoma, herba Lydrobii, herba Alii Fistulosi, herba Saxifragae, canna, caulis Zizaniae Caduciflorae, Bulbus Iphigeniae Indicae, folium Phragmitis, and herba Polygoni Caespitosi.
5-15 submerged plants/m2Is one or more selected from herba Polygoni Capitati, curly pondweed, herba Swertiae Dilutae, hydrilla verticillata, Goldfish algae, and Foliumet tailed algae.
The operations involved in the present invention are those conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The above-described preferred conditions may be combined with each other to obtain a specific embodiment, in accordance with common knowledge in the art.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a system and a method for treating rural domestic sewage in a small watershed, which take sewage reduction, classification on-site treatment and recycling as guidance, comprehensively strengthen organic connection with farmland irrigation recycling, ecological restoration, landscape greening and the like, innovate a rural domestic sewage treatment design mode, fully utilize a natural treatment system, realize virtuous cycle of agricultural rural water resources and organic wastes, and form an ecological and recycling rural domestic sewage treatment technical method.
The invention also provides a small-watershed rural domestic sewage treatment system, which can be assembled into a sewage treatment system meeting the actual requirements according to rural sewage discharge of different environments, different positions and different specifications, innovates a rural domestic sewage treatment design mode, and effectively solves the technical problems of high capital cost, large floor area, high operation cost, complex management, poor ecology and the like in the prior art.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a small watershed rural domestic sewage treatment system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the splicing of the screen and the clamping groove according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping groove according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a buckle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a screen according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a water inlet; 2. screening the grids; 31. first oil-absorbing cotton; 32. a second oil-absorbing cotton; 4. An inspection opening; 5. a first overflow port; 6. a settling chamber; 7. a water outlet; 8. screening a screen; 9. biological biofilm suspension filler; 10. a settling tank; 11. a purification and adsorption device; 12. a plant unit; 13. A plant purification tank; 14. a trench; 15. a first separator; 16. a base plate; 161. a clamping groove; 162. A clamping buckle; 17. a baffle plate; 18. a second separator; 19. a second overflow port.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention may be more clearly understood, a solution of the present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those described herein; it is to be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the small watershed rural domestic sewage treatment system provided by this embodiment includes an ecological treatment module, the ecological treatment module includes a bottom plate 16 and a purification assembly, the bottom plate 16 is disposed in a canal 14, the purification assembly is disposed on the bottom plate 16, the bottom plate 16 is made of PVC material, a first clamping structure and a second clamping structure which are in clamping fit are respectively disposed at the front end and the rear end of the bottom plate 16, the bottom plates 16 are connected end to end through the first clamping structure and the second clamping structure, the number of ecological treatment modules used per kilometer is determined according to the standard and area of the final drainage of canal water in the canal 14, when the canal water is finally drained into GB3838 surface water iv, v-type functional water area, wetland, farmland, forest land (implementing the second-type standard), 2-20 ecological treatment modules are used per kilometer in the canal 14, and when the canal water is finally drained into GB3838 surface water ii, When III-class functional water areas, closed and semi-closed water areas, small micro water bodies (executing a class standard) with uncertain environmental functions such as rivers, lakes, warehouses and ponds near villages with small dilution capacity are adopted, 5-35 ecological treatment modules are adopted in each public of the ditch 14, the system can be assembled into a sewage treatment system meeting the actual requirement according to rural sewage discharge of different environments, different positions and different specifications, a rural domestic sewage treatment design mode is innovated, a natural treatment system is fully utilized, the virtuous cycle of agricultural rural water resources and organic wastes is realized, an ecological and recycling rural domestic sewage treatment technology is formed, and the technical problems of high capital cost, large floor area, high operation cost, complex management, poor ecological performance and the like in the prior art are effectively solved.
Referring to fig. 2 to 5, preferably, the first clamping structure and the second clamping structure are respectively a clamping groove 161 and a clamping buckle 162, the clamping groove 161 is provided with a screen 8, the screen 8 and the clamping groove 161 are inserted and connected in a sliding manner in a vertical direction, the two bottom plates 16 are connected seamlessly through the clamping groove 161 and the clamping buckle 162, it should be noted that the clamping groove 161 and the clamping buckle 162 can be exchanged in position, only a plurality of ecological processing modules can be assembled and fixed one by one according to requirements, that is, the screen 8 can be inserted and connected with the clamping groove 161, when the clamping buckle 162 is located at the upstream of the water flow in the first ecological processing module, the screen 8 can be inserted and connected with the clamping buckle 162, and meanwhile, the clamping groove 161 and the clamping buckle 162 are not limited to clamping connection, or other connection and disassembly facilitating structures, the height of the screen 8 is 1/10-1/3 of the depth of the trench 14, the screen 8 is only required to be arranged at the upstream end of the bottom plate 16 in the most upstream biological treatment module, and the screen 8 can effectively filter out most of large-volume waste upstream of all the ecological treatment modules and prevent the waste from influencing the filtering work of the ecological treatment modules.
Continuing to refer to fig. 1, in concrete implementation, the system further comprises a grey water treatment device, the grey water treatment device is provided with a water inlet 1 and a water outlet 7, the grey water treatment device is communicated with the ecological treatment module through the water outlet 7, the grey water treatment device comprises a filtering chamber and a settling chamber 6, the filtering chamber and the settling chamber 6 are separated by a first partition plate 15, a first overflow port 5 communicating the filtering chamber and the settling chamber 6 is arranged on the first partition plate 15, the water inlet 1 is communicated with the upper section of the filtering chamber, the water outlet 7 is communicated with the upper section of the settling chamber 6, first oil absorption cotton 31 is arranged in the filtering chamber, and the arrangement of the grey water treatment device can effectively remove large particles and oil and fat substances in the grey water.
Wherein, a pair of first oil cotton 31 slope of inhaling sets up in the filter chamber to separate into three filter chamber with the filter chamber along water flow direction, first oil cotton 31 of inhaling sets up like this and can realize that the cost is very low and accomplish more efficient filtration and oil absorption work, improve filtration efficiency, also reduce simultaneously the cost, it needs to explain, be provided with second baffle 18 between a pair of first oil cotton 31 of inhaling, second baffle 18 separates two first oil cotton 31 of inhaling, second overflow mouth 19 has been seted up on the second baffle 18, further improve filter work's efficiency.
Meanwhile, a plurality of first overflow ports 5 are arranged on the first partition plate 15, an inspection port 4 is arranged at the top of the grey water treatment device, and the inspection port 4 is opened to clean floating oil or inspect and replace the grid sieve 2, the first oil absorption cotton 31 and the second oil absorption cotton 32.
It should be noted that the side of the first partition 15 facing the filter chamber is provided with a second oil absorbent cotton 32.
Preferably, the greywater treatment device further comprises a grid 2 arranged at the water inlet 1.
Wherein, the grid 2 level sets up in the top of first oil absorption cotton 31, and one side of grid 2 and the interior wall connection of filter chamber, and the one end that water inlet 1 was kept away from to grid 2 is connected with the upper end that is close to the first oil absorption cotton 31 of water inlet 1, and the upper end that is close to the first oil absorption cotton 31 of affiliated water inlet 1 passes through baffle 17 and is connected with the top of filter chamber.
In this embodiment, it is more preferred, purify the subassembly and include the precipitation tank 10, purify adsorption equipment 11 and the plant purification tank 13 that set gradually along the rivers direction, be provided with the recess of three embedding irrigation canals and ditches 14 bottoms on the bottom plate 16, precipitation tank 10, purify adsorption equipment 11 and plant purification tank 13 and set up respectively in three recess, purify the upper segment of adsorption equipment 11 and upwards stretch out to the height that is higher than irrigation canals and ditches 14 bottoms, wherein precipitation tank 10, the length proportion that purifies adsorption equipment 11 and plant purification tank 13 are 1 respectively: 2-4: 1, the depth of the settling tank 10 is 0.2m-1m, the height of the screen 8 and the purification and adsorption device 11 is 1/15-1/3 of the depth of the ditch 14, the depth of the plant purification tank 13 is 0.2m-1m, and the width of the screen 8, the settling tank 10, the purification and adsorption device 11 and the plant purification tank 13 are consistent and are 40% -100% of the width of the ditch 14.
Wherein, the sedimentation tank 10 and the plant purification tank 13 are both arranged in a mode of being embedded into the bottom of the ditch 14, so that when water flows through, on one hand, the water can be fixed and cannot be washed away with the water flow, and on the other hand, the height difference can increase the oxygen content in the water and provide more nutrients for plants.
It should be noted that the purifying and adsorbing device 11 includes three layers of filling tanks, the three layers of filling tanks are respectively filled with three purifying materials, the filling materials are selected from one or more of zeolite, ceramsite, quartz sand, vermiculite, steel slag and blast furnace slag, the settling tank 10 is provided with a biofilm suspension filler 9 which is helpful for the attachment and deposition of microorganisms, the plant purifying tank 13 is provided with a plant unit 12, the plant unit 12 is used for planting plants with good absorption effect on pollutants, and the plants are emergent aquatic plants and/or submerged plants, so that the sewage is naturally purified and the plants in the channel are maintained, the cyclic absorption is better, and the sewage is purified.
Wherein:
emergent aquatic plants 2-10/m2One or more selected from the group consisting of thalictrum ramosissimum, calamus, cattail, reed, alisma orientale, loosestrife, allium fistulosum, saxifrage, canna, zizania latifolia, arrowhead, bulrush, and polygonum hydropiper;
5-15 submerged plants/m2Is one or more selected from herba Polygoni Capitati, curly pondweed, herba Swertiae Dilutae, hydrilla verticillata, Goldfish algae, and Foliumet tailed algae.
The ditch 14 is mainly a newly built ditch 14 in a village and a repaired damaged ditch 14, and simultaneously needs to be subjected to anti-seepage treatment by using materials such as concrete, masonry, membrane materials and the like, wherein the width of the ditch 14 is 0.5m-2m, and the depth of the ditch 14 is 0.3m-1.5 m. The ditches 14 outside the village are built, dredged or expanded on the basis of grass planting ditches and damaged ditches 14, the side walls of the ditches 14 can be built by honeycomb cement boards, grass grid bricks and the like, the width of each ditch 14 is 0.5m-5m, and the depth of each ditch 14 is 0.5m-3 m.
The ditch 14 in the village is used for receiving sewage from the grey water treatment device and daily dumping waste water, the sewage flows into the ditch 14 outside the village from the ditch 14 in the village and then flows into streams, rivers, farmlands or infiltrates into the natural environment of the village such as soil, and the sewage is purified and recycled.
Ecological transformation is required to be carried out in the ditch 14 by utilizing an ecological treatment module system, and pollutants in rural domestic sewage are reduced.
Example 2
This example is used to illustrate the application of the small watershed rural domestic sewage treatment system of the invention to village a.
The village A has three scattered inhabitation farmers, including 3, 6 and 7 farmers, 1-3 people in each household, a flat house built years ago, a dry toilet in each household, tap water in the form of water supply, a washing machine in each household, vegetable land, farmland and wasteland around the house. Firstly, applying manure obtained from a dry toilet to a vegetable returning field and a farmland; secondly, the original grey water pipeline of each household is connected with a grey water treatment device through integration, the diameter of the connecting pipeline is 400mm, the material of the pipeline is UPVC, the treated grey water outlet is connected with a nearby branch channel, and the volume of the grey water treatment device is 0.5 cubic meter.
The terrain of the place is relatively flat, the original channels in the village are dredged and trimmed, the total length of the channels is 2km, the width is 0.5m, the height is 0.5m, stone masonry and membrane materials are adopted for anti-seepage treatment, and 4 ecological treatment modules are placed. The ditches outside the village are natural grass planting ditches, the width is 1m, the height is 0.8m, the length is 1km after trimming, 2 ecological treatment modules are placed, sewage directly flows into the natural forest land after passing through the ditches outside the village, and the side walls of the ditches are made of honeycomb cement boards.
The width of the ecological treatment module is 0.5m, the length of the ecological treatment module is 1.5m, the height of the movable screen is 0.15m, the length of the sedimentation device is 0.2m, and the depth of the sedimentation device is 0.3 m; the length of the purification and adsorption device is 0.6m, and the height of the purification and adsorption device is 0.15 m; the plant purification tank is 0.2m long and 0.3m deep.
The submerged plants such as the grass gathering and the hydrilla verticillata are planted in the plant unit, and the planting density is 10 plants/m2。
The 3 layers of filling grooves of the purification and adsorption device are filled with zeolite, ceramsite and steel slag from top to bottom respectively.
After the operation is determined for 15 days, sampling and detection are carried out on water bodies at different positions (such as the outlet of the grey water treatment device, the inlet of the village ditch and the downstream of the village ditch), and the detection results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 Water index after treatment by the small basin rural domestic sewage treatment system and method
| Type of contaminant | Outlet ash water | Ditch entrance outside village | Downstream of the village ditch |
| COD(mg/l) | 80 | 49 | 27 |
| Ammonia nitrogen (mg/l) | 5.3 | 2.1 | 1.4 |
| Total phosphorus (mg/l) | 2.7 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
According to the grey water treatment indexes shown in the table 1, the system and the method for treating rural domestic sewage in the small watershed, provided by the invention, can obviously reduce the sewage concentration, realize virtuous cycle of agricultural rural water resources and organic wastes, and have the advantages of low operation cost and good ecological property.
Example 3
This example is used to illustrate the application of the small watershed rural domestic sewage treatment system of the present invention to the L village.
The L village is provided with A, B, C, D scattered resident farmers, 24 farmers, 15 farmers, 19 farmers, 36 farmers, 2-5 people per household, newly-built flat houses, water toilets for each household, tap water supply form, washing machines and showers for each household, vegetable fields, farmlands and wastelands around the houses. A pipe network is built in each household toilet for collecting black water, 4 septic tanks are adopted, rectangular three-grid septic tanks are adopted, black water is firstly discharged into the septic tanks for harmless treatment, excrement residues are applied to vegetable fields and farmlands, and excrement liquid in the third grid of the septic tanks is discharged into ditches in villages through sewage collecting pipes of farmers. Secondly, the original grey water pipeline of each household is connected with a grey water treatment device through integration, the diameter of the connecting pipeline is 300mm, the material of the pipeline is PVC, the treated grey water outlet is connected with a nearby branch channel, and the volume of the grey water treatment device is 1 cubic meter.
The method is characterized in that 1 natural ditch is provided, farmers are scattered on two sides of the ditch, A, B, D farmers are distributed on the north side of the ditch, C farmers are distributed on the south side of the ditch, the ditches are built at A, B, C, D four places while the natural ditch is reformed, the length of the ditch in the village is 3km, the width is 0.8m, the height is 0.5m, the ditch is subjected to anti-seepage treatment by adopting film materials and concrete, and 9 ecological treatment modules are placed. The ditches outside the village are built by using natural ditches, the width is 2m, the height is 1m, the length is 1km after the ditches outside the village are trimmed, sewage directly flows into farmlands and wastelands after passing through the ditches outside the village, the side walls of the ditches adopt grass lattice bricks, and 3 ecological treatment modules are placed on the side walls of the ditches.
The width of the ecological treatment module in the village is 0.5m, the length of the ecological treatment module is 1m, the height of the movable screen is 0.15m, the length of the sedimentation device is 0.15m, and the depth of the sedimentation device is 0.2 m; the length of the purification and adsorption device is 0.3m, and the height of the purification and adsorption device is 0.15 m; the plant purification tank is 0.15m long and 0.2m deep.
The width of the ecological treatment module outside the village is 2m, the length of the ecological treatment module is 1.5m, the height of the movable screen is 0.3m, the length of the sedimentation device is 0.2m, and the depth of the sedimentation device is 0.4 m; the length of the purification and adsorption device is 0.6m, and the height of the purification and adsorption device is 0.3 m; the plant purification tank is 0.2m long and 0.4m deep.
The submerged plants such as the grass gathering and the hydrilla verticillata are planted in the plant unit, and the planting density is 10 plants/m2And the planting density of the seedlings is 4 plants/m2
The 3 layers of filling grooves of the purification and adsorption device are respectively filled with ceramsite, quartz sand and vermiculite from top to bottom.
After 30 days of operation, sampling was performed at various locations (e.g., outlet of grey water treatment device, inlet of the village ditch, downstream of the village ditch), and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2 Water index after treatment by the small basin rural domestic sewage treatment system and method
| Type of contaminant | Outlet ash water | Village ditch inlet | Downstream of village ditch |
| COD(mg/l) | 93 | 65 | 32 |
| Ammonia nitrogen (mg/l) | 8.0 | 3.6 | 1.1 |
| Total phosphorus (mg/l) | 2.9 | 1.4 | 0.3 |
According to the grey water treatment indexes shown in the table 2, the system and the method for treating rural domestic sewage in the small watershed, provided by the invention, can obviously reduce the sewage concentration, realize virtuous cycle of agricultural rural water resources and organic wastes, and have the advantages of low operation cost and good ecological property.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the invention, which can be understood and carried into effect by those skilled in the art. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating rural domestic sewage in a small watershed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) black and gray separation: collecting and treating black water and grey water in farmer courtyards respectively;
discharging the collected black water into a septic tank for harmless treatment, directly diluting and utilizing the manure residues or producing the manure residues into organic fertilizer for resource utilization, and discharging the manure liquid of the third lattice of the septic tank into a ditch outside a courtyard after passing through a farmer sewage collecting pipe or reusing the manure liquid in a small garden, a small vegetable garden, a small orchard and the like in front of and behind a house; the collected grey water is treated by a grey water treatment device and then is discharged into a ditch;
(2) treating a ditch: reforming the ditch to enable the wastewater discharged into the ditch to flow through more than one ecological treatment module for deep purification;
(3) tail water utilization: and discharging the standard tail water obtained after the treatment of the ecological treatment module system or applying the standard tail water to farmland irrigation to realize the resource utilization of the tail water.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the trench comprises:
the method comprises the following steps of mainly building or repairing a damaged ditch in a village, and performing anti-seepage treatment on the ditch, wherein the width of the ditch is 0.5-2 m, and the depth of the ditch is 0.3-1.5 m;
the ditch outside the village is built, dredged or expanded on the basis of a grass planting ditch and a damaged ditch, the side wall of the ditch is built by honeycomb cement boards and grass grid bricks, the width of the ditch is 0.5m-5m, and the depth of the ditch is 0.5m-3 m.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein when the tail water is finally discharged into GB3838 surface water II, III functional water areas, closed and semi-closed water areas, and small micro water bodies with undefined environmental functions and small dilution capacity, 5-35 ecological treatment modules are adopted in each kilometer of the ditch; when tail water is finally discharged into GB3838 surface water IV and V functional water areas, wetlands, farmlands and woodlands, 2-20 ecological treatment modules are adopted in each kilometer of the ditches.
4. The utility model provides a rural domestic sewage treatment system of small watershed, a serial communication port, including ecological treatment module, ecological treatment module includes bottom plate (16) and purifies the subassembly, ditch (14) are located in bottom plate (16), it locates to purify the subassembly on bottom plate (16), the front end and the rear end of bottom plate (16) are provided with joint complex first joint structure and second joint structure respectively, and a plurality of bottom plates (16) pass through first joint structure with second joint structure end to end.
5. The rural domestic sewage treatment system of small watershed of claim 4, characterized in that, the first joint structure and the second joint structure are respectively a joint groove (161) and a joint buckle (162), a screen (8) is arranged at the joint groove (161), the screen (8) is inserted with the joint groove (161) in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, and the two bottom plates (16) realize seamless connection through the joint groove (161) and the joint buckle (162).
6. The small watershed rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 4, further comprising a grey water treatment device, wherein the grey water treatment device is provided with a water inlet (1) and a water outlet (7), the grey water treatment device and the ecological treatment module are communicated through the water outlet (7), the grey water treatment device comprises a filtering chamber and a settling chamber (6), the filtering chamber and the settling chamber (6) are separated by a first partition plate (15), a first overflow port (5) communicating the filtering chamber and the settling chamber (6) is arranged on the first partition plate (15), the water inlet (1) is communicated with the upper section of the filtering chamber, the water outlet (7) is communicated with the upper section of the settling chamber (6), and first oil-absorbing cotton (31) is arranged in the filtering chamber.
7. The rural domestic sewage treatment system in small watershed of claim 6, wherein a pair of the first oil absorption cotton (31) are obliquely arranged in the filtering chamber and divide the filtering chamber into three filtering chambers along water flow direction.
8. The rural domestic sewage treatment system of small watershed of claim 6, wherein the grey water treatment device further comprises a grid (2) arranged at the water inlet (1), the grid (2) is horizontally arranged above the first oil absorption cotton (31), one side of the grid (2) is connected with the inner wall of the filtering chamber, one end of the grid (2) far away from the water inlet (1) is connected with the upper end of the first oil absorption cotton (31) close to the water inlet (1), and the upper end of the first oil absorption cotton (31) close to the water inlet (1) is connected with the top of the filtering chamber through a baffle (17).
9. The rural domestic sewage treatment system of small watershed of claim 4, characterized in that, the purification subassembly includes setting up in proper order along water flow direction's sedimentation tank (10), purification adsorption equipment (11) and plant purification groove (13), be provided with the recess of three embedding irrigation canals and ditches (14) bottom on bottom plate (16), sedimentation tank (10), purification adsorption equipment (11) and plant purification groove (13) set up respectively in three the recess, the upper segment of purification adsorption equipment (11) upwards stretches out to the height that is higher than irrigation canals and ditches (14) bottom.
10. The small watershed rural domestic sewage treatment system of claim 4, wherein the plant purification tank is provided with plant units, and the plant units are emergent aquatic plants and/or submerged plants.
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