CN113732005A - Cleaning treatment method for efficiently recovering useful substances of electronic garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

A cleaning treatment method for efficiently recovering useful substances of electronic garbage. The invention relates to an electronic waste treatment technology, in particular to a cleaning treatment method for efficiently recovering useful substances in electronic waste. Provides a clean treatment method for efficiently recycling useful substances in electronic garbage, which realizes clean and resource electronic garbage treatment and does not generate secondary pollution. The invention provides a brand-new treatment technology and a brand-new process device for electronic garbage, which can almost completely recycle all useful substances in the electronic garbage except a display, and do not produce secondary pollution in the treatment process. Not only solves the pollution of the traditional electronic garbage treatment technology to the ecological environment, but also recycles various resources in the electrons as much as possible. The electronic garbage becomes urban mineral products, and the cleanness and the resource utilization of the electronic garbage treatment are realized. The invention has the characteristics of clean and resource electronic waste treatment, no secondary pollution and the like.

Description

Cleaning treatment method for efficiently recovering useful substances of electronic garbage

Technical Field

The invention relates to an electronic waste treatment technology, in particular to a cleaning treatment method for efficiently recovering useful substances in electronic waste.

Background

According to statistics, the electronic garbage generated in 2018 in the world in one year reaches 4850 ten thousand tons, and more than 17.5 ten thousand heavy trucks can be filled; the electronic garbage produced in China is over 670 million tons every year. The electronic garbage contains a large amount of iron, copper, aluminum, gold, silver and the like, and the untreated electronic waste can cause serious pollution to the environment and waste a large amount of resources.

The 'regulations on recycling and managing waste electrical and electronic products' implemented from 2011, 1 and 1 provide that a recycling operator of waste electrical and electronic products processes the recycled waste electrical and electronic products and shall obtain the qualification for processing the waste electrical and electronic products. However, even in enterprises that have acquired the qualification of disposing waste electrical and electronic products, most of the disposal processes still use the traditional "fire" (burning off plastics and leaving metal, producing a large amount of waste gas and residues) and "water washing" (dissolving metal with strong acid or "aqua regia", and discarding the acid-soaked plastics as new garbage), waste a large amount of useful resources, and generate a large amount of waste water, waste gas and waste residues in the disposal process, which causes serious pollution to air, rivers, underground water, land, and the like; or the simple disassembly and stacking are carried out, and the pollution is not eliminated and the resources are not utilized. Therefore, the method and the device for cleaning and treating the electronic garbage, which do not produce secondary pollution and can recycle a large amount of useful substances in waste electronic products, are urgently needed in China.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a clean treatment method for efficiently recycling useful substances in electronic garbage, which is clean and recyclable in electronic garbage treatment and does not generate secondary pollution.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the following steps:

1) manual disassembly and classification:

the electronic garbage is disassembled and classified into a display, an ink box, a magnet, a lead and a circuit board manually;

1.1) display recovery: handing by a professional manufacturer;

1.2) ink box recovery: recycling the ink powder and the plastic;

1.3) magnet recovery: directly recovering;

1.4) wire recovery: after cutting and peeling, sorting the copper and the polyvinyl chloride particles to recover the copper and the polyvinyl chloride particles;

1.5) circuit board recovery: the circuit board is subjected to the working procedures of crushing, sorting and metal enrichment in sequence to form copper powder, metal enrichment powder and resin powder for recycling.

Step 1.1) the wire recovery:

and the conducting wire enters a single-shaft crusher through a feeding belt conveyor I, is cut into small sections, then enters a skin-removing and sorting all-in-one machine through a belt conveyor III to remove skins, sort into copper particles and recycle polyvinyl chloride sheath particles.

Step 1.5), recovering the circuit board:

3.1) the circuit board enters an integrated composite crushing and chopping machine through a feeding belt conveyor five to be crushed into small blocks smaller than 20 mm;

3.2) conveying the mixture to a water-cooled pulverizer eight through a screw conveyor seven to pulverize the mixture into powder of 50-80 meshes, and discharging the powder through a fan arranged at a discharge port of the water-cooled pulverizer eight;

3.3) discharging from the water-cooled pulverizer eight, and then entering a cyclone separator nine through a pipeline for gas-solid separation;

3.4) feeding the powder separated in the step 3.3) into an airflow shaking table thirteen to sort out most of copper; pumping the mixed powder of the resin and part of the metal away into a bag dust collector for gas-solid separation, and discharging the separated gas;

3.5) feeding the powder collected in the step 3.4) into a metal concentrator through an eleventh scraper conveyor, and sorting the dust into metal-enriched powder and resin powder by the metal concentrator.

After the display recovery, the ink box recovery, the magnet recovery, the lead recovery and the circuit board recovery in the steps 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.5) of the steps 1.1 and 1.3) of the steps, the residual electronic garbage treatment mode is as follows:

4.1) the materials enter an integrated composite crushing and chopping machine fifteen through a feeding chain plate conveyor fourteen and are crushed into blocks with the size less than 20 mm;

4.2) the lumps smaller than 20mm pass through a sixteen belt-crossing magnetic separator and then enter a seventeen belt conveyor to be subjected to vibration screening to form a coarse part and a fine part, and then enter a nineteen separator to separate a small amount of residual iron, stainless steel and plastic, and then the residual nonferrous metal enters a twenty-one grinding machine through a twenty belt conveyor;

4.3) discharging materials of the twenty-first grinding machine are divided into two parts of coarse materials and fine materials through a vibrating screen twenty-four, the coarse materials are returned to the twenty-first grinding machine for regrinding through a feed back belt conveyor twenty-three, and the fine materials enter the copper-aluminum separation air flow shaking grinding machine through a hose to be separated into copper and aluminum twenty-five.

The invention provides a brand-new treatment technology and a brand-new process device for electronic garbage, which can almost completely recycle all useful substances in the electronic garbage except a display, and do not produce secondary pollution in the treatment process. Not only solves the pollution of the traditional electronic garbage treatment technology to the ecological environment, but also recycles various resources in the electrons as much as possible. The electronic garbage becomes urban mineral products, and the cleanness and the resource utilization of the electronic garbage treatment are realized. The invention has the characteristics of clean and resource electronic waste treatment, no secondary pollution and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the treatment process of the present invention,

figure 2 is a schematic view of a wire recycling process,

figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the circuit board recovery processing,

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic garbage of the rest part;

in the figure, 1 is a first feeding belt conveyor, 2 is a second single-shaft crusher, 3 is a third belt conveyor, 4 is a fourth peeling and sorting all-in-one machine, 5 is a fifth feeding belt conveyor, 6 is a sixth integrated compound crushing and chopping machine, 7 is a seventh screw conveyor, 8 is a eighth water-cooled crusher, 9 is a ninth cyclone separator, 10 is a cloth bag dust collector, 11 is a eleventh scraper conveyor, 12 is a metal concentrator, 13 is a thirteen air-flow shaker, 14 is a fourteen feeding chain-plate conveyor, 15 is a fifteenth integrated compound crushing and chopping machine, 16 is a sixteen cross-belt magnetic separator, 17 is a seventeenth belt conveyor, 18 is an eighteen vibrating screen, 19 is a nineteen vibrating screen, 20 is a twenty belt conveyor, 21 is a twenty-one grinder, 22 is a twenty-two belt conveyor, 23 is a twenty-three returning belt conveyor, 24 is a twenty-four vibrating screen, and 25 is a twenty-five copper-aluminum separating air-flow shaking grinder.

Detailed Description

Referring now to fig. 1-4, a cleaning process for efficient recovery of electronic waste useful materials includes the steps of:

1) manual disassembly and classification:

the electronic garbage is disassembled and classified into a display, an ink box, a magnet, a lead and a circuit board manually;

1.1) display recovery: handing by a professional manufacturer;

1.2) ink box recovery: recycling the ink powder and the plastic;

1.3) magnet recovery: directly recovering;

1.4) wire recovery: after cutting and peeling, sorting the copper and the polyvinyl chloride particles to recover the copper and the polyvinyl chloride particles;

1.5) circuit board recovery: the circuit board is subjected to the working procedures of crushing, sorting and metal enrichment in sequence to form copper powder, metal enrichment powder and resin powder for recycling.

Step 1.1) the wire recovery:

the conducting wire enters a single-shaft crusher II 2 through a feeding belt conveyor I1, is cut into small sections, then enters a peeling and sorting all-in-one machine IV 4 through a belt conveyor III 3, is peeled off, sorted into copper particles and recycled with polyvinyl chloride sheath particles.

The wire processing equipment is formed by combining a feeding belt conveyor I1, a single-shaft crusher II 2, a belt conveyor III 3 and a peeling and sorting integrated machine IV 4 (technical combination of a multi-layer impact nonferrous metal fine crushing grinder ZL201720837191.6 and a copper-aluminum separation air flow shaking table ZL 201720837640.7).

Step 1.5), recovering the circuit board:

3.1) the circuit board enters an integrated composite crushing and chopping machine six 6 through a feeding belt conveyor five 5 and is crushed into small blocks smaller than 20 mm;

3.2) conveying the mixture to a water-cooled pulverizer eight 8 through a screw conveyor seven 7, pulverizing the mixture into powder of 50-80 meshes, and discharging the powder through a fan arranged at a discharge port of the water-cooled pulverizer eight 8;

3.3) discharging from the water-cooled pulverizer eight 8, and then entering a cyclone separator nine 9 through a pipeline for gas-solid separation;

3.4) feeding the powder separated in the step 3.3) into a thirteen airflow shaking table 13 to sort out most of copper; the mixed powder of the resin and part of the metal is pumped away and enters a bag dust collector 10 for gas-solid separation, and the gas is discharged after the separation;

3.5) feeding the powder collected in the step 3.4) into a metal concentrator 12 through a scraper conveyor eleven 11, and sorting the dust into metal-enriched powder (containing multiple metals such as copper, gold, silver and tin) and resin powder by the metal concentrator 12. The metal enriched powder is sold to a professional factory or purified (electrolyzed or smelted, etc.) by self to produce copper, gold, silver, tin, etc.

The circuit board processing equipment consists of five feeding belt conveyors 5, six integrated composite crushing and chopping machines 6 (patent number ZL201720837726. X), seven screw conveyors 7, eight water-cooled crushers 8, nine cyclone separators 9, thirteen airflow shaking tables 13 (adopting granted patent technology, and copper and aluminum separation airflow shaking tables ZL 201720837640.7), a cloth bag dust collector 10, eleven scraper conveyor 11 and a metal concentrator 12 (adopting granted patent technology, and a device ZL201821752030.8 for concentrating metal from dust).

After the display recovery in the step 1.1), the ink box recovery in the step 1.2), the magnet recovery in the step 1.3), the lead recovery in the step 1.4) and the circuit board recovery in the step 1.5), the electronic waste treatment mode of the rest part is as follows:

4.1) entering an integrated composite crushing and chopping machine fifteen 15 through a feeding chain plate conveyor fourteen 14, and crushing into blocks smaller than 20 mm;

4.2) the lumps smaller than 20mm pass through a cross-belt magnetic separator sixteen 16 (separating most of iron), enter a belt conveyor seventeen 17 to be subjected to vibration screening to form a coarse part and a fine part, then enter a separator nineteen 19 to separate a small amount of residual iron, stainless steel and plastic, and then enter a grinder twenty-one 21 through a belt conveyor twenty 20 to obtain residual nonferrous metals (copper and aluminum mixture);

4.3) the discharge of the twenty-first 21 grinding machine is divided into two parts of coarse and fine parts by a twenty-fourth 24 vibrating screen, the coarse material returns to the twenty-first 21 grinding machine for regrinding through a twenty-third 23 returning belt conveyor, and the fine material enters a twenty-fifth 25 copper-aluminum separation airflow shaking grinding machine through a hose to be separated into copper and aluminum.

The main body processing equipment consists of a feeding chain plate conveyor fourteen 14, an integrated composite crushing and chopping machine fifteen 15 (adopting the technology with the patent number ZL201720837726. X), a cross-belt magnetic separator sixteen 16, a belt conveyor seventeen 17, a vibrating screen eighteen 18, a separator nineteen 19 (adopting the patent technology, a double-granularity parallel three-separator ZL 201720837665.7), a belt conveyor twenty 20, a grinding machine twenty-one 21 (adopting the patent technology, a multilayer impact nonferrous metal fine crushing grinding machine ZL 201720837191.6), a belt conveyor twenty-two 22, a vibrating screen twenty-four 24, a material returning belt conveyor twenty-three 23 and a copper-aluminum separation air flow shaking grinder twenty-five 25 (adopting the patent technology, a copper-aluminum separation air flow shaking table ZL 201720837640.7).

In the treatment process, the dust-containing gas generated by crushing and sorting is pumped to the bag dust collector 10 through a pipeline for gas-solid separation, the tail gas is discharged after reaching the standard, and no secondary pollution is generated.

Through the above treatment, the electronic garbage is treated into iron, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, plastic, polyvinyl chloride particles, resin powder and metal-enriched powder and is completely recycled.

The invention has the innovation points that:

1. an electronic garbage full-physical treatment method. The electronic garbage mixed with various substances is automatically processed into iron, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, plastic, polyvinyl chloride, metal enriched powder and the like by physical methods such as mechanical, magnetic, electric and the like, and is completely recycled;

2, a four-separation technology for automatically separating the crushed mixed electronic garbage into iron, nonferrous metal, stainless steel and nonmetal in one step;

3 a technology for enriching noble metal powder from dust;

4 the whole set of device runs automatically, and the recycling, refining, cleaning and automatic high-efficiency treatment of the electronic garbage are realized.

Effects of the invention

The electronic garbage recycling fine treatment complete equipment developed by the technology of the invention is used for sub-garbage, and the mixed electronic garbage is automatically sorted into iron, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, plastic, nonmetal (plastic) and light objects (paper scraps, film scraps and the like) and is completely recycled.

The main technical performance indexes are as follows:

separation rate:

iron: close to 100%; copper: more than or equal to 99 percent; aluminum: more than or equal to 98 percent;

stainless steel: more than or equal to 90 percent; plastic: more than or equal to 99 percent; the polyvinyl chloride is more than or equal to 99 percent;

the metal enrichment rate in the dust is as follows: more than or equal to 97 percent.

The exhaust emission concentration: < 30mg/Nm 3.

The technology and the device for treating the electronic garbage have the advantages of cleanness, environmental protection, high efficiency, energy conservation, intelligent operation, high resource recovery rate and the like, and are a revolutionary breakthrough of the technology process for treating the electronic garbage.

The disclosure of the present application also includes the following points:

(1) the drawings of the embodiments disclosed herein only relate to the structures related to the embodiments disclosed herein, and other structures can refer to general designs;

(2) in case of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments disclosed in this application can be combined with each other to arrive at new embodiments;

the above embodiments are only embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure, but the scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto, and the scope of the disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims (4)

1. A cleaning treatment method for efficiently recovering useful substances in electronic waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) manual disassembly and classification:

the electronic garbage is disassembled and classified into a display, an ink box, a magnet, a lead and a circuit board manually;

1.1) display recovery: handing by a professional manufacturer;

1.2) ink box recovery: recycling the ink powder and the plastic;

1.3) magnet recovery: directly recovering;

1.4) wire recovery: after cutting and peeling, sorting the copper and the polyvinyl chloride particles to recover the copper and the polyvinyl chloride particles;

1.5) circuit board recovery: the circuit board is subjected to the working procedures of crushing, sorting and metal enrichment in sequence to form copper powder, metal enrichment powder and resin powder for recycling.

2. The cleaning treatment method for efficiently recycling electronic garbage useful substances according to claim 1, characterized in that the conducting wire in step 1.1) is recycled:

and the conducting wire enters a single-shaft crusher through a feeding belt conveyor I, is cut into small sections, then enters a skin-removing and sorting all-in-one machine through a belt conveyor III to remove skins, sort into copper particles and recycle polyvinyl chloride sheath particles.

3. The cleaning treatment method for efficiently recycling electronic waste useful substances according to claim 1, characterized in that the circuit board in step 1.5) is recycled:

3.1) the circuit board enters an integrated composite crushing and chopping machine through a feeding belt conveyor five to be crushed into small blocks smaller than 20 mm;

3.2) conveying the mixture to a water-cooled pulverizer eight through a screw conveyor seven to pulverize the mixture into powder of 50-80 meshes, and discharging the powder through a fan arranged at a discharge port of the water-cooled pulverizer eight;

3.3) discharging from the water-cooled pulverizer eight, and then entering a cyclone separator nine through a pipeline for gas-solid separation;

3.4) feeding the powder separated in the step 3.3) into an airflow shaking table thirteen to sort out most of copper; pumping the mixed powder of the resin and part of the metal away into a bag dust collector for gas-solid separation, and discharging the separated gas;

3.5) feeding the powder collected in the step 3.4) into a metal concentrator through an eleventh scraper conveyor, and sorting the dust into metal-enriched powder and resin powder by the metal concentrator.

4. The cleaning treatment method for efficiently recycling electronic waste useful substances according to claim 1, characterized in that after the display recycling of step 1.1), the ink box recycling of step 1.2), the magnet recycling of step 1.3), the lead recycling of step 1.4) and the circuit board recycling of step 1.5), the remaining electronic waste treatment modes are as follows:

4.1) the materials enter an integrated composite crushing and chopping machine fifteen through a feeding chain plate conveyor fourteen and are crushed into blocks with the size less than 20 mm;

4.2) the lumps smaller than 20mm pass through a sixteen belt-crossing magnetic separator and then enter a seventeen belt conveyor to be subjected to vibration screening to form a coarse part and a fine part, and then enter a nineteen separator to separate a small amount of residual iron, stainless steel and plastic, and then the residual nonferrous metal enters a twenty-one grinding machine through a twenty belt conveyor;

4.3) discharging materials of the twenty-first grinding machine are divided into two parts of coarse materials and fine materials through a vibrating screen twenty-four, the coarse materials are returned to the twenty-first grinding machine for regrinding through a feed back belt conveyor twenty-three, and the fine materials enter the copper-aluminum separation air flow shaking grinding machine through a hose to be separated into copper and aluminum twenty-five.