CN113665682A - 生产支撑件的方法和支撑件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于生产机动车辆支撑件(26)的方法,特别是用于生产仪表板支撑件的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:由泡沫材料(16)生产芯(12),并且至少部分地用单向层(18)围绕芯(12)以形成强化芯(20)。本发明还涉及一种用于机动车辆的支撑件(26),其具有由泡沫材料(16)制成的芯(12),其中,芯(12)至少部分地具有单向层(18)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1所述的生产机动车辆支撑件的方法。本发明还涉及一种根据权利要求9所述的用于机动车辆的支撑件。特别地,支撑件是一种仪表板支撑件,仪表板支撑件被设置在机动车辆内部,并服务于例如方向盘的附件。
背景技术
在实践中,已知各种类型的支撑件,尤其是用于机动车辆的仪表板支撑件。在这种情况下,支撑件通常完全由金属制成,或者被设计为金属-塑料混合部件。
WO 2013/085723 A1公开了一种由单向纤维增强带(UD胶带)生产复合制品的方法。通过缠绕多层UD胶带来生产该产品的自含预制体。在缠绕过程中,各层彼此固定。在随后的步骤中,将堆叠的胶带层加热并在压模中施加压力,以便将各层牢固地连接在一起。最后,预制体可以覆盖成型。
发明内容
本发明的基本目的是提供一种生产支撑件的方法和支撑件,通过该方法,可以同时实现支撑件的高机械刚度,并且另一方面可以实现廉价的生产。
根据本发明,通过独立权利要求的特征来实现该目的。结合从属权利要求描述了进一步的优点和实际实施例。
根据本发明,一种生产用于机动车辆的支撑件(特别是仪表板支撑件)的方法包括以下步骤:
-用泡沫材料生产芯,
-至少部分地用单向层包围芯以形成强化芯。
由泡沫材料生产的芯代表了一种廉价的解决方案,用于最初创建支撑件的“基本元素”。此外,由泡沫材料制成的芯与由金属制成的芯或支撑件相比特别轻。泡沫材料的特性可以在很宽的范围内变化,从而使泡沫材料制成的芯可以针对各种应用进行优化,然后例如,可以快速和廉价地适应彼此之间只有轻微的差异的各种车辆类型的要求。此外,泡沫材料的芯提供了在其中集成腔或导管的可行性。
虽然芯本身已经具有一定的刚性,但不足以满足支撑件(尤其是仪表板支撑件)的要求。为了提高刚性,芯至少部分地被单向层(UD层)包围。在这种情况下,单向层是这样一种层,其具有全部彼此平行且在一个方向上定向的纤维。这样的层在纤维方向上具有特别高的刚性。因此,UD层可以设置在芯的那些需要增加刚度的选定区域中。因此,可以将UD层中的材料的使用保持较低,这也相应地允许较低的生产成本。
在根据本发明的方法的一个实施例中,单向层是胶带。在本文中,细长的带被称为胶带。这种UD胶带通常在德语中也称为“UD胶带”。特别地,这种胶带含有嵌入聚合物基质中的单向定向纤维。胶带的优点是易于修补并且同样易于应用到芯上,特别是当可以从卷上解开胶带时。此外,这样的胶带容易被包覆成型。
最重要的是,可以用一种简单的方式将胶带设置在芯上。特别地,胶带可以被放置在芯上。在这种情况下,胶带可以按一层或多层在芯上一层接着一层叠放。替代地或除此之外,胶带可以缠绕在芯上。特别地,胶带的各个层在缠绕时可以彼此稍微重叠地叠放。特别地,通过自动胶带放置(ATP)以自动方式应用胶带,这提供了用UD胶带加强芯的有效方式。应当再次强调的是,UD胶带也有可能只在芯的局部(即在需要加强的芯区域)提供。
为了使单向层更好地粘附到芯上,可以将后者粘附到芯上。如果UD层是胶带的形式,则一种特别有利的可行方案是胶带是自粘的。或者,可以将粘合剂应用到芯和/或层或胶带上。
在根据本发明的方法的另一实施例中,用于芯的泡沫材料是聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)。这种材料已经具有足够高的抗压强度。在这种情况下,可以生产抗压强度在0.8MPa至15.8MPa范围之间的泡沫。这里优选使用抗压强度在3.5MPa至5MPa之间的PMI泡沫材料。泡沫的密度可以在32kg/m3至110kg/m3的范围之间。
特别地,芯是通过注塑成型生产的。由上述PMI材料构成的芯通过注塑成型生产被认为是特别有利的。在这种情况下,注塑成型代表一种相对简单和廉价的方法。可以最大程度地甚至完全省去机械加工和随后的加工步骤。
在根据本发明的方法的另一实施例中,在制造强化芯之后,在其上设置了附加元件。特别地,附加元件是固定结构,例如夹具、夹子或插入物,其继而用于将其他功能元件(例如方向盘、安全气囊等)附接至支撑件。
特别地,通过包覆成型来固定附加元件。
优选地通过热塑性材料。特别地,将这些功能元件完全或部分地插入注塑模具中,然后如上所述进行包覆成型,从而固定在强化芯上。在这里,用塑料包覆成型也代表了一种相对简单和易于适应的步骤。
本发明同样涉及一种用于机动车辆的支撑件,其中,支撑件具有由泡沫材料制成的芯,并且其中,芯至少部分地具有单向层。可以在支撑件上设置其他附加元件,并用热塑性材料固定。
这种用于机动车辆的支撑件可以特别容易地并且廉价地生产,这首先通过泡沫材料的芯来实现。为了满足构件对刚度和强度的要求,可以通过单向层有针对性地对芯进行必要的加固。这样的支撑件提供了很大的设计自由度,因为泡沫材料的芯很容易改变,并且可以用UD层改变其加固程度。
支撑件特别是仪表板支撑件。仪表板支撑件作为车辆内部的横向支柱。仪表板支撑件特别用于方向盘、安全气囊和所有车辆设备的附接。
附图说明
结合附图描述了另外的实施例和优点,其中:
图1以示意图示出了根据本发明的方法的生产步骤;
图2以示意图示出了根据本发明的方法的另一生产步骤;
图3以示意图示出了根据本发明的方法的另一生产步骤;
图4以示意图示出了根据本发明的方法的最终生产步骤;并且
图5以透视图示出了根据本发明的仪表板支撑件。
具体实施方式
图1至图4示出了用于生产支撑件26(特别是仪表板支撑件)的各个生产步骤。为了说明各个方法步骤,在所考虑的附图中仅示意性地示出了支撑件26。图5示出了制造的以仪表板支撑件形式的传统支撑件26。
图1示出了用于通过注塑成型生产芯12(参见图2)的注塑模具10。注塑模具有腔14,如图2所示,其在下一方法步骤中用泡沫材料16填充,泡沫材料16在这种情况下为PMI(在图中用虚线示出)。
在泡沫材料16固化之后,根据图3所示的方法步骤,将已经形成的芯12从注塑模具10中移出并用UD胶带18包裹,从而形成强化芯20。在图3中可以看出,只有大约一半的芯12被UD胶带18包裹。
图4示出了完成的强化芯20,其完全被UD胶带18包裹。强化芯20被插入另一个注塑模具22中,其中各种附加元件24也被引入注塑模具22中(参见图4)。为了将这些附加元件24连接到强化芯20,它们用热塑性材料包覆成型而成。
图5示出了制造的以仪表板支撑件形式的传统支撑件26。仪表板支撑件26被设置在机动车辆的内部,并且各种附加元件24用于附接方向盘、安全气囊和各种设备。
附图标记表
10注塑模具
12芯
14腔
16泡沫材料
18UD胶带
20强化芯
22注塑模具
24附加元件
26支撑件,仪表板支撑件
Claims (10)
1.一种用于生产机动车辆支撑件(26)的方法,包括以下步骤:
-由泡沫材料(16)生产芯(12),以及
-至少部分地用单向层(18)围绕所述芯(12)以形成强化芯(20)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,
所述单向层是胶带(18)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,
其特征在于,
所述胶带(18)被放置和/或缠绕在所述芯(12)上。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
所述单向层(18)粘附到所述芯(12)上。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
用于所述芯(12)的所述泡沫材料(16)是聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
所述芯(12)通过注塑成型生产。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
在生产所述强化芯(20)之后,在其上设置附加元件(24)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,
其特征在于,
所述附加元件(24)通过包覆成型固定。
9.一种用于机动车辆的支撑件,其特征在于,包括由泡沫材料(16)制成的芯(12),其中,所述芯(12)至少部分地具有单向层(18)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的支撑件,其特征在于,所述支撑件是仪表板支撑件(26)。
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CN110901775A (zh) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-24 | 福特全球技术公司 | 用于机动车辆的组件以及制造用于机动车辆的组件的方法 |
KR20210141256A (ko) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-11-23 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 카울크로스바 조립체 및 이의 파이프 제조방법 |
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2020
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2021
- 2021-04-29 US US17/243,862 patent/US20210354347A1/en active Pending
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