CN113642154A - BDS-based satellite passive positioning system selection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a BDS-based passive positioning system selection method, which comprises the steps of calculating cost function values of different positioning systems by establishing a constraint optimization model taking the optimal GDOP (global positioning operational optimization) of a receiver adjacent area as a cost function, comparing the cost function values after processing, and selecting a corresponding optimal positioning system under different satellite numbers; and parameters required by positioning can be obtained in real time, so that the passive positioning system can be dynamically selected. According to the invention, by comparing the sizes of the GDOP mean values of different positioning systems, the optimal positioning mode can be selected autonomously according to the strength of satellite signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a selection method based on a BDS passive positioning system, in particular to a method for determining a corresponding optimal system to position a target according to different satellite numbers under the scene of observing the target under the condition of dynamic change of the satellite numbers.
Background
The BDS passive positioning finger-based receiver does not actively emit electromagnetic waves, but realizes the positioning of a target by utilizing the electromagnetic waves emitted by a target scattering satellite, and extracts parameters for positioning to realize the estimation of target position information by utilizing information such as Doppler frequency shift, time difference of multi-station received signals, arrival angle and the like.
The passive positioning mode is a multiple-input multiple-output type (T)n-Rn) Multi-transmitting single-receiving type (T)n-R), single-transmission multiple-reception type (T-R)n) And a single-transmission single-reception type (T-R), etc. In the same detection area, only one positioning mode is used for different conditions, and higher positioning accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The positioning effect of the multi-transmitting and multi-receiving type is good, the information parameters of the target are relatively less, but three BDS satellites are required to be used as the opportunity radiation sources at the same time, and the positioning can be realized only by using a single BDS satellite as the opportunity radiation sources in the single-transmitting and single-receiving type positioning mode, but a positioning blind area exists, the positioning precision of the target is extremely poor or even the target cannot be positioned in a straight line with the slope of +/-1 and the range near the straight line passing through the point where the receiving station is located.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a selection method of a BDS satellite-based passive positioning system, which is used for screening the BDS satellite-based passive positioning system with the highest observation precision on a target observation position under the conditions of different satellite numbers and receiver distribution.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a BDS satellite passive positioning system-based selection method comprises the following steps:
determining, by the receiver, the number of usable satellites and the specific coordinates of the BDS satellites are known;
determining all available positioning systems according to the number of available satellites, calculating GDOP values under different systems, and obtaining a GDOP graph;
dividing the obtained GDOP graph at equal intervals to obtain a sufficient number of sampling points, processing the sampled data and solving a GDOP average value;
and comparing the obtained GDOP average values of all systems, screening out the system with the minimum GDOP average value, and outputting the system as the optimal system.
An electronic device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the selection method based on the BDS satellite passive positioning system.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the BDS-based satellite passive positioning regime selection method described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the BDS satellite-based passive positioning system selection method, the optimal positioning mode can be autonomously selected according to the strength of satellite signals by comparing the GDOP mean values of different positioning systems.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multiple-input multiple-output passive positioning model.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a passive positioning method selection.
Detailed Description
The different passive positioning systems based on the BDS satellite mainly have the following influence factors on the positioning accuracy of the target: the number of BDS satellites; the distribution location of the BDS satellites; the number of receivers; distributed location of the receivers.
Based on the BDS passive positioning, the number of usable satellites and the coordinates of the satellites are dynamically changed, so that the maximum positioning precision in each positioning cannot be ensured by only using one system for passive positioning. In view of the above, the present invention establishes a constrained optimization model using the optimal GDOP in the vicinity of the receiver as a cost function, calculates cost function values of different positioning systems, compares the cost function values after processing, and selects a corresponding optimal positioning system under different numbers of satellites, for example: single-shot multiple-shot, multiple-shot single-shot, multiple-shot, etc.
The number and the position coordinates of the BDS satellites can be obtained in real time, the number and the position coordinates of the receivers are known, and parameters required by the algorithm can be obtained in real time, so that the optimal passive positioning system can be dynamically selected.
With reference to fig. 2, the method for selecting the passive positioning system based on the BDS satellite includes the following steps:
s1, judging the number of available BDS satellites and the coordinates of the satellites;
s2, calculating GDOP values of various systems under a certain satellite number;
s3, sampling the GDOP images of each system, averaging sampling points, and comparing, wherein the smaller the average value is, the higher the precision is;
and S4, outputting an optimal result, namely a positioning system with the minimum GDOP mean value.
GDOP in the present invention represents a geometric Dilution Precision (geometric Dilution Precision).
The invention also provides an electronic device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the selection method based on the BDS satellite passive positioning system.
Further, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the above-mentioned method for selecting a BDS-based satellite passive positioning regime.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Examples
In this embodiment, a scenario is targeted in which a plurality of receivers are present to locate an object based on a plurality of BDS satellite radiations reflected by the object (x, y, z), and the basic manner and principle of the location are shown in fig. 1. In the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft,represents the range of the target to BDS satellite m;represents the distance of the target to the receiving station n; rm,nRepresents the distance from the BDS satellite m to the receiving station n, where m is 1,2, 3; n is 1,2, 3.
The above problem can be described as a mathematical model with constraints, variables being target position X (X, y, z), BDS satellite coordinatesAnd receiver coordinatesM is 1, …, M; n is 1, …, N, where M is the number of satellites and N is the number of receivers. Detection region omega0: -50km < x < 50km, -50km < y < 50km, and z 10 km; the method comprises the following steps of dividing an x axis of a detection region into P parts at equal intervals, dividing a y axis of the detection region into Q parts at equal intervals, obtaining PQ points in a detection plane, solving GDOP mean values of all detection systems in the region, and comparing to obtain a minimum value, wherein a mathematical model is as follows:
the implementation process is shown in fig. 2, and specifically includes:
s1 judges the number of BDS satellites available for positioning and the satellite coordinates: assuming a total of M available satellites, the satellite coordinates areM1, 2, M, three receivers on the ground, with the coordinates of each receivern=1,2,3。
S2, calculating GDOP values of various systems under a certain satellite number: to bistatic distance equationDifferentiation is carried out on two sides:
whereinIn order to determine the distance of the satellite to the target,for the receiver to target distance, the target position error is the observed error dr of the sum of the distances of (dx, dy, dz) and the bistaticm,nSatellite site errorM1, 2, M and receiver station address errorAnd (3) related to n, 1,2 and 3, obtaining an error equation of the target position, and writing the error equation into a proper matrix form:
dV=CdX+dXs
in the formula, dV ═ dr1,1,dr1,2,...,drM,3]TA column vector representing a differentiated bistatic distance component, dX ═ dX, dy, dz]T,
The pseudo-inverse method can obtain the error vector of the target position as
dX=(CTC)-1CT[dV-dXs]
Order (C)TC)-1CTB positioning error covariance is:
PdX=E[dXdXT]=B{E[dVdVT]+E[dXsdXs T]}BT
in the formula PdXIs a covariance matrix, E [ ]]The mean value is taken for the pair formula.
The positioning precision is as follows:
in the formula tr [ P ]dX]Representation matrix PdXThe sum of the diagonal elements.
When m is 1, the ground has three receivers R1, R2 and R3, the receiver detects one satellite T0, and the two systems can be selected, namely single-transmission single-receiving and single-transmission multi-receiving. And (3) bringing the coordinates of the satellite and the receiver into the satellite to respectively obtain single-transmitting single-receiving: T0-R1, T0-R2, T0-R3; single-transmission and multi-reception: GDOP map of T0-R1-R2-R3.
When m is 2, the ground has three receivers R1, R2 and R3, the receivers detect two satellites T0 and T1, and three systems of single-transmission single-receiving, single-transmission multi-receiving and multi-transmission multi-receiving can be selected. And (3) bringing the coordinates of the satellite and the receiver into the satellite to respectively obtain single-transmitting single-receiving: T0-R1, T0-R2, T0-R3; T1-R1, T1-R2, T1-R3; single-transmission and multi-reception: T0-R1-R2-R3, T1-R1-R2-R3; double-transmitting and multi-receiving: GDOP map of T0-T1-R1-R2-R3.
When m is 3, the ground has three receivers R1, R2 and R3, the receivers detect three satellites T0, T1 and T2, and three systems of single-transmitting single-receiving, single-transmitting multi-receiving, multiple-transmitting single-receiving and multiple-transmitting multi-receiving can be selected. And (3) bringing the coordinates of the satellite and the receiver into the satellite to respectively obtain single-transmitting single-receiving: T0-R1, T0-R2, T0-R3; T1-R1, T1-R2, T1-R3; T2-R1, T2-R2, T2-R3; single-transmission and multi-reception: T0-R1-R2-R3, T1-R1-R2-R3, T2-R1-R2-R3; multiple-sending and single-receiving: T0-T1-T2-R1, T0-T1-T2-R2, T0-T1-T2-R3; multiple sending and multiple receiving: GDOP map of T0-T1-T2-R1-R2-R3.
S3, sampling the GDOP graphs of each system under the corresponding satellite number, averaging sampling points, and comparing, wherein the smaller the average value is, the higher the precision is.
S4 outputs the optimal result, i.e., the positioning regime with the minimum GDOP mean.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A BDS satellite passive positioning system-based selection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining, by the receiver, the number of usable satellites and the specific coordinates of the BDS satellites are known;
determining all available positioning systems according to the number of available satellites, calculating GDOP values under different systems, and obtaining a GDOP graph;
dividing the obtained GDOP graph at equal intervals to obtain a sufficient number of sampling points, processing the sampled data and solving a GDOP average value;
and comparing the obtained GDOP average values of all systems, screening out the system with the minimum GDOP average value, and outputting the system as the optimal system.
2. A BDS satellite-based passive positioning system selection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of usable satellites is determined by the receiver, assuming that there are m usable satellites, the satellite coordinates are respectivelyThree receivers are arranged on the ground, and the coordinates are respectively
3. The selection method of the BDS satellite-based passive positioning system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the GDOP values under different systems are calculated, specifically:
wherein,in order to determine the distance of the satellite to the target,for the receiver to target distance, the target position error is the observed error dr of the sum of the distances of (dx, dy, dz) and the bistaticm,nSatellite site errorAnd receiver station address error(ii) related;
obtaining an error equation of the target position, and writing the error equation into a proper matrix form:
dV=CdX+dXs
in the formula, dV ═ dr1,1,dr1,2,...,drM,3]TA column vector representing a differentiated bistatic distance component, dX ═ dX, dy, dz]T, C=[c1,...,cM]T;
The pseudo-inverse method can obtain the error vector of the target position as
dX=(CTC)-1CT[dV-dXs]
Order (C)TC)-1CTB, the positioning error covariance is:
PdX=E[dXdXT]=B{E[dVdVT]+E[dXsdXs T]}BT
in the formula PdXIs a covariance matrix, E [ ]]Taking an average value for the pair formula;
the positioning precision is as follows:
in the formula tr [ P ]dX]Representation matrix PdXThe sum of the diagonal elements.
4. A BDS satellite passive positioning system selection method as claimed in claim 3, wherein when m is 1, the ground has three receivers R1, R2, R3, the receiver detects one satellite T0, and there are two systems that can be selected, single-shot single-receiving, single-shot multiple-receiving; and (3) bringing the coordinates of the satellite and the receiver into the satellite to respectively obtain single-transmitting single-receiving: T0-R1, T0-R2, T0-R3; single-transmission and multi-reception: GDOP map of T0-R1-R2-R3.
5. A BDS satellite passive positioning system selection method as claimed in claim 4, wherein when m is 2, the ground has three receivers R1, R2 and R3, the receivers detect two satellites T0 and T1, and three systems of single-transmitting single-receiving, single-transmitting multi-receiving and multi-transmitting multi-receiving are selectable; and (3) bringing the coordinates of the satellite and the receiver into the satellite to respectively obtain single-transmitting single-receiving: T0-R1, T0-R2, T0-R3; T1-R1, T1-R2, T1-R3; single-transmission and multi-reception: T0-R1-R2-R3, T1-R1-R2-R3; double-transmitting and multi-receiving: GDOP map of T0-T1-R1-R2-R3.
6. A BDS satellite passive positioning system selection method as claimed in claim 5, wherein when m is 3, the ground has three receivers R1, R2 and R3, the receivers detect three satellites T0, T1 and T2, and three systems of single-transmitting single-receiving, single-transmitting multiple-receiving, multiple-transmitting single-receiving and multiple-transmitting multiple-receiving are selectable; and (3) bringing the coordinates of the satellite and the receiver into the satellite to respectively obtain single-transmitting single-receiving: T0-R1, T0-R2, T0-R3; T1-R1, T1-R2, T1-R3; T2-R1, T2-R2, T2-R3; single-transmission and multi-reception: T0-R1-R2-R3, T1-R1-R2-R3, T2-R1-R2-R3; multiple-sending and single-receiving: T0-T1-T2-R1, T0-T1-T2-R2, T0-T1-T2-R3; multiple sending and multiple receiving: GDOP map of T0-T1-T2-R1-R2-R3.
7. The selection method of the BDS satellite-based passive positioning system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the obtained GDOP map is divided at equal intervals to obtain a sufficient number of sampling points, specifically: PQ points can be obtained in a detection plane by dividing the x axis of the detection area into P parts at equal intervals and dividing the y axis of the detection area into Q parts at equal intervals.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program implements the method for selection based on the BDS satellite passive positioning regime of any one of claims 1-8.
10. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements a method for selection based on a BDS satellite passive positioning regime as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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