CN113640496A - Swelling-shrinking-crack measuring device in soil body dry-wet cycle - Google Patents
Swelling-shrinking-crack measuring device in soil body dry-wet cycle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113640496A CN113640496A CN202110879373.0A CN202110879373A CN113640496A CN 113640496 A CN113640496 A CN 113640496A CN 202110879373 A CN202110879373 A CN 202110879373A CN 113640496 A CN113640496 A CN 113640496A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical class [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical class [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical class [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical class [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical class [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical class [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical class [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical class [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000621 bronchi Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/022—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by means of tv-camera scanning
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a swelling-shrinking-crack measuring device in soil body dry-wet circulation, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The measuring device comprises a dry-wet circulating device and a measuring device. The device is based on a gas phase equilibrium method, and realizes the means of simulating soil wet-dry circulation through various saturated salt solutions and the drying and wetting under the control of the multistage humidity of the soil sample. And (3) shooting by using a digital camera in the whole process, processing the captured picture by using a digital image processing technology to obtain data of the soil sample expansion and shrinkage and the fracture, and quantitatively evaluating the evolution of the soil sample expansion and shrinkage and the fracture. The experimental equipment is highly integrated, the operation is simple and convenient, the economic efficiency is high, and the problems of soil dry-wet cycle control and swelling shrinkage and crack measurement can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a swelling-shrinking-crack measuring device in soil body dry-wet circulation.
Background
In the field of geotechnical engineering, expansive soil has the characteristics of water swelling and water loss shrinkage, and obvious cracks can be generated on a soil body due to continuous drying shrinkage. Therefore, the swelling and shrinkage property and the fissure property of the expansive soil caused by the change of the water content have a remarkable influence on engineering construction. Therefore, the dry-wet cycle test of the expansive soil and the measurement of expansion, contraction and crack are very important. In general, the soil drying mode in a laboratory is performed by natural air drying or oven drying, the soil wetting mode is performed by a constant humidity chamber or water soaking mode, and the control conditions can not accurately control the time and the uniformity of the water content of the soil and can not realize the control of soil wet-dry circulation. Therefore, engineering construction requires the relevant scholars to develop a dry-wet circulating device capable of accurately controlling the water content according to actual needs. On the other hand, the swelling and shrinking and strain measurement problems of the soil body in the dry-wet cycle process are also the key points of the expansive soil research, the swelling and shrinking deformation of the soil sample is calculated by measuring the length and the height of the soil sample, and the change of the crack is monitored by the image processing technology. With the deep research of expansive soil in the field of geotechnical engineering and the strict requirements of engineering construction, the accurate water content and the change of expansion and contraction and fracture parameters need to be obtained.
For example, chinese patent document CN210720382U discloses an automatic control rock-soil dry-wet cycle test device, which comprises a box body, a hot air system, a time control system, a temperature control system, a moisture content control system and a test piece holding device, wherein the box body is a square hollow box with a dry-wet cycle working chamber inside, and consists of the dry-wet cycle working chamber and a box body shell; the test piece containing device is placed in the dry-wet circulating working chamber, the hot air system is embedded in the left side of the dry-wet circulating working chamber, the time control system is embedded in the left upper side of the box body shell, the temperature control system is embedded in the lower portion of the box body shell, and the water content control system is embedded in the left lower side of the box body shell; the power supply/switch is connected with a time controller in the time control system, and the time controller is simultaneously connected with the temperature controller and the moisture content controller in the moisture content control system.
Chinese patent CN107290505B provides a dry-wet cycle test device capable of monitoring the water content of a soil body in real time, which comprises a drying box, a saturation box, a power box, a rotating device and a reading control device, wherein the drying box, the saturation box, the power box, the rotating device and the reading control device are arranged in the drying box
The drying box promotes soil sample drying by fan and air-blower, and the saturation case is carried out the humidification saturation to soil sample by the humidifier, and the power supply box is located the device bottom, and rotating device divide into self rotating device and around big ring track rotating device, and reading control device carries out real time monitoring to soil sample moisture content. The invention can simultaneously carry out dry-wet circulation on a plurality of soil samples with different water content amplitudes, the saturation and drying are more uniform through the special rotating device in the dry-wet circulation process, the water content of the soil samples can be monitored at any time, and the preset water content indicating lamp can be lightened to accurately carry out the dry-wet circulation on the soil samples.
However, the two devices are not integrated enough and cannot be used in a portable mode, the control of the water content is not accurate enough, and the monitoring of the expansion and contraction and the cracks cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
On the basis of the traditional soil moisture change simulation device, the invention completes the control of the dry-wet cycle with multi-stage accurate humidity, realizes the measurement of the swelling and shrinkage and cracks of soil, and aims to solve the problems of insufficient integration and inaccurate humidity control of the existing device.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme.
The swelling and shrinking-crack measuring device in the soil body dry-wet circulation comprises a dry-wet circulation device and a measuring device, wherein the dry-wet circulation device comprises a closed constant-temperature test box, two air pumps, two upper through air pipes, two lower through air pipes and n +1 branch air pipes, the cross section of the constant-temperature test box is rectangular, and a top cover of the constant-temperature test box is made of transparent glass;
the constant temperature test box is divided into an upper closed space and a lower closed space, wherein the lower closed space is a saline solution chamber, the upper closed space is a sample chamber, and the sample is laid at the bottom of the sample chamber; two through holes are symmetrically formed in two parallel side walls of the sample chamber, one ends of two upper run-through air pipes are respectively communicated with the sample chamber through the two through holes, the other ends of the two air pumps are respectively communicated with two lower run-through air pipes, the two lower run-through air pipes are communicated with n +1 branch air pipes, namely, the circulation of air in upper and lower closed spaces of the constant temperature test chamber is realized through the two air pumps, the two upper run-through air pipes and the two lower run-through air pipes;
the n +1 branch gas pipes are arranged in the saline solution cavity and are respectively marked as a left branch gas pipe, a right branch gas pipe and n-1 middle branch gas pipes, n is more than or equal to 3, wherein the left branch gas pipe is communicated with one lower through gas pipe, the right branch gas pipe is communicated with the other lower through gas pipe, n-1 middle branch gas pipes (13) are uniformly distributed in the transverse section of the saline solution cavity (8), and the n-1 middle branch gas pipes are arranged at intervals and are alternately communicated with the two lower through gas pipes;
the saline solution chamber is uniformly divided into n × n small chambers, two sections of inner branch pipes are respectively inserted into each small chamber, namely the n × n small chambers contain 2n2An inner branch pipe; the side walls of the saline solution chambers where the two through holes are located are respectively defined as a left wall and a right wall, and an inner branch pipe close to the left wall in each small chamber is marked as an inner branch pipe A, and an inner branch pipe close to the right wall in each small chamber is marked as an inner branch pipe B; the inner branch pipes A of n small chambers connected with the left wall in the saline solution chamber are communicated with the left branch gas pipe, the inner branch pipes B of n small chambers connected with the right wall in the saline solution chamber are communicated with the right branch gas pipe, and the other inner branch pipes A and the inner branch pipes B are uniformly distributed and are respectively communicated with n-1 middle branch gas pipes; each internal branch pipe A and each internal branch pipe B are respectively provided with an electronic valve C to control the connection and disconnection of each internal branch pipe A and each internal branch pipe B;
the monitoring device comprises a connecting slide rail and a camera, the connecting slide rail is arranged right above the constant temperature test box, and the camera is arranged on the connecting slide rail;
in conducting the experiment, different chemical solutions were added to the nxn small chambers as needed.
Preferably, the temperature of the constant temperature test chamber is 25 ℃.
Preferably, n-3, i.e. the saline solution chamber is divided into 9 small chambers.
Preferably, the chemical solution includes a saturated cesium fluoride solution, a saturated lithium chloride solution, a saturated magnesium chloride solution, a saturated potassium carbonate solution, a saturated sodium bromide solution, a saturated potassium iodide solution, a saturated sodium nitrate solution, a saturated potassium chloride solution, and a saturated potassium nitrate solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the moisture content of the dry-wet circulation is accurately controlled through multistage humidity, and the sensitivity is high.
2) The image of the surface of the soil sample in the dry-wet cycle process is captured in real time through camera acquisition, and the data of expansion and contraction and cracks are obtained through a digital image processing technology, so that the integration is higher.
3) On the basis of ensuring the experimental accuracy, the invention realizes quantitative measurement of shrinkage and cracks while realizing the process control of the simulated dry-wet cycle by using a set of device, and has important significance for the research of water-sensitive soil.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a top view of a saline solution chamber in an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a constant temperature test chamber; 2. a sample; 3. an air pump; 4. an upper through air pipe; 5. a lower through air pipe; 6. a sample chamber; 7. an air pump 8, a saline solution chamber; 9. a camera; 10. a slide rail; 11. a support; 12. a left branch trachea; 13. a middle bronchus is arranged; 14. and a right branch trachea.
Detailed Description
The following describes the present invention with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from figure 1, the invention relates to a swelling-shrinking-crack measuring device in soil body dry-wet circulation, which comprises a dry-wet circulation device and a measuring device.
The dry-wet circulating device comprises a closed constant-temperature test box 1, two air pumps 3, two upper run-through air pipes 4, two lower run-through air pipes 5 and n +1 branch air pipes, the cross section of the constant-temperature test box 1 is rectangular, and the top cover of the constant-temperature test box 1 is made of transparent glass.
The constant temperature test box 1 is divided into an upper closed space and a lower closed space, wherein the lower closed space is a saline solution chamber 8, the upper closed space is a sample chamber 6, and the sample 2 is laid at the bottom of the sample chamber 6. Two through holes are symmetrically formed in two parallel side walls of the sample chamber 6, one ends of two upper run-through air pipes 4 are respectively communicated with the sample chamber 6 through the two through holes, the other ends of the two upper run-through air pipes are respectively communicated with two air pumps 3, the other ends of the two air pumps 3 are respectively communicated with two lower run-through air pipes 5, the two lower run-through air pipes 5 are communicated with n +1 branch air pipes, and circulation of air in upper and lower closed spaces of the constant temperature test chamber 1 is realized through the two air pumps 3, the two upper run-through air pipes 4 and the two lower run-through air pipes 5.
Figure 2 is a top view of a saline solution chamber in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the n +1 branched gas pipes are arranged in the saline solution chamber 8 and respectively marked as a left branched gas pipe 12, a right branched gas pipe 14 and n-1 middle branched gas pipes 13, n is greater than or equal to 3, wherein the left branched gas pipe 12 is communicated with one lower through gas pipe 5, the right branched gas pipe 14 is communicated with the other lower through gas pipe 5, the n-1 middle branched gas pipes 13 are uniformly distributed in the transverse section of the saline solution chamber 8, and the n-1 middle branched gas pipes 13 are arranged at intervals and are alternately communicated with the two lower through gas pipes 5. .
The saline solution chamber 8 is divided into n × n small chambers, and two sections of inner branch pipes are respectively inserted into each small chamber, namely the n × n small chambers contain 2n2An inner branch pipe. The side walls of the saline solution chamber 8 where the two through holes are located are respectively defined as a left wall and a right wall, an inner branch pipe close to the left wall in each small chamber is marked as an inner branch pipe A, an inner branch pipe close to the right wall in each small chamber is marked as an inner branch pipe B, the inner branch pipes A of n small chambers connected with the left wall in the saline solution chamber 8 are communicated with the left branch air pipe 12, the inner branch pipes B of n small chambers connected with the right wall in the saline solution chamber 8 are communicated with the right branch air pipe 14, and the other inner branch pipes A and the inner branch pipes BAre uniformly distributed and are respectively communicated with n-1 branch gas tubes 13.
An electronic valve C is arranged on each internal branch pipe A and each internal branch pipe B respectively to control the connection and disconnection of each internal branch pipe A and each internal branch pipe B.
In conducting the experiment, different chemical solutions were added to the nxn small chambers as needed.
The monitoring device comprises a connecting slide rail 10 and a camera 9, the connecting slide rail 10 is arranged right above the constant temperature test box 1, and the camera 9 is installed on the connecting slide rail 10. In the present embodiment, the connecting slide rails 10 are fixed to both sides of the constant temperature test chamber 1 by two brackets 11.
In this embodiment, the temperature of the constant temperature test chamber 1 is 25 ℃.
In this embodiment, n is 3, that is, the saline solution chamber 8 is divided into 9 small chambers. Specifically, one of the inner branch pipes a in the 9 small chambers is denoted by Aj, one of the inner branch pipes B is denoted by Bj, and one of the electronic valves C is denoted by Cij, j being 1, 2. The number of the other branched gas pipes is 4, wherein 1 branched gas pipe is a left branched gas pipe 12, 1 branched gas pipe is a right branched gas pipe 14, and 2 branched gas pipes are a middle branched gas pipe 13.
In this embodiment, the chemical solutions added into the 9 small chambers are a saturated cesium fluoride solution, a saturated lithium chloride solution, a saturated magnesium chloride solution, a saturated potassium carbonate solution, a saturated sodium bromide solution, a saturated potassium iodide solution, a saturated sodium nitrate solution, a saturated potassium chloride solution, and a saturated potassium nitrate solution in this order. Specifically, the 9 small chambers are designated as small chamber 1-small chamber 9, and the arrangement sequence is shown in FIG. 2.
The specific operation of the measuring device of the invention is as follows:
The 9 chemical solutions were added to the small chamber 1 to the small chamber 9 in this order.
And 2, adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature test box 1 to 25 ℃, adjusting the position of the camera 10 to enable the camera 10 to be positioned right above the sample 2, and enabling the air suction pump 3 and the air supply pump 7 to be in a closed state.
Wetting stage
The camera 10 is turned on to capture a surface photograph of the sample 2, and the air pump 3 and the air pump 7 are turned on to allow the gas to flow through the saline solution chamber 8 to the sample chamber 6.
Starting from the small chamber 1, the electronic valves CAj and CBj of the small chambers are opened in sequence, the test and the photographing in the wetting stage are carried out, if the photograph has no obvious change within two hours, the electronic valves CAj and CBj of the small chamber are closed, and the process is shifted to the next small chamber until the 9 th small chamber is finished.
Drying stage
The camera 10 is turned on to capture a picture of the surface of the sample 2, and the air pump 3 and the air pump 7 are turned on. The gas flows through from the saline solution chamber 8 to the sample chamber 6.
Starting from the small chamber 9, the electronic valves CAj and CBj of the small chamber are opened in sequence, the test and the photo taking of the drying stage are carried out, if the photo does not change obviously within two hours, the electronic valves CAj and CBj of the small chamber are closed, and the process is shifted to the next small chamber until the 1 st small chamber is finished.
Thirdly, after the wetting and the drying are finished, recording as one-time circulation, and repeating the first step and the second step until the required circulation times are reached, finishing the data acquisition;
and 4, obtaining measurement data of the swelling and shrinkage of the soil sample and the change of the fracture length by a digital image processing technology according to the pictures captured by the camera 10.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a swell-shrink-crack measuring device in soil body wet-dry circulation, includes wet-dry circulation device and measuring device, its characterized in that: the dry-wet circulating device comprises a closed constant-temperature test box (1), an air suction pump (3), an air feed pump (7), two upper through air pipes (4), two lower through air pipes (5) and n +1 branch air pipes, wherein the cross section of the constant-temperature test box (1) is rectangular, and a top cover of the constant-temperature test box (1) is made of transparent glass;
the constant temperature test box (1) is divided into an upper closed space and a lower closed space, wherein the lower closed space is a saline solution chamber (8), the upper closed space is a sample chamber (6), and the sample (2) is laid at the bottom of the sample chamber (6); two through holes are symmetrically formed in two parallel side walls of a sample chamber (6), one ends of two upper run-through air pipes (4) are respectively communicated with the sample chamber (6) through the two through holes, the other ends of the two upper run-through air pipes are respectively communicated with an air suction pump (3) and an air feed pump (7), the other ends of the air suction pump (3) and the air feed pump (7) are respectively communicated with two lower run-through air pipes (5), the two lower run-through air pipes (5) are communicated with n +1 branch air pipes, and circulation of air in upper and lower closed spaces of a constant temperature test box (1) is realized;
the n +1 branch air pipes are arranged in the saline solution cavity (8) and are respectively marked as a left branch air pipe (12), a right branch air pipe (14) and n-1 middle branch air pipes (13), n is more than or equal to 3, wherein the left branch air pipe (12) is communicated with one lower through air pipe (5), the right branch air pipe (14) is communicated with the other lower through air pipe (5), the n-1 middle branch air pipes (13) are uniformly distributed in the transverse section of the saline solution cavity (8), and the n-1 middle branch air pipes (13) are arranged at intervals and are staggered to be communicated with the two lower through air pipes (5);
the saline solution chamber (8) is divided into n × n small chambers uniformly, two sections of inner branch pipes are inserted into each small chamber, namely, the n × n small chambers contain 2n2An inner branch pipe; the side walls of the saline solution chambers (8) where the two through holes are located are respectively defined as a left wall and a right wall, and an inner branch pipe close to the left wall in each small chamber is marked as an inner branch pipe A, and an inner branch pipe close to the right wall in each small chamber is marked as an inner branch pipe B; the inner branch pipes A of n small chambers connected with the left wall in the saline solution chamber (8) are communicated with the left branch air pipe (12), the inner branch pipes B of n small chambers connected with the right wall in the saline solution chamber (8) are communicated with the right branch air pipe (14), and the other inner branch pipes A and the inner branch pipes B are uniformly distributed and are respectively communicated with n-1 branch air pipes (13); each internal branch pipe A and each internal branch pipe B are respectively provided with an electronic valve C to control the connection and disconnection of each internal branch pipe A and each internal branch pipe B;
the monitoring device comprises a connecting slide rail (10) and a camera (9), the connecting slide rail (10) is arranged right above the constant temperature test box (1), and the camera (9) is installed on the connecting slide rail (10);
in conducting the experiment, different chemical solutions were added to the nxn small chambers as needed.
2. The device for measuring the swelling shrinkage-crack of the soil in the dry-wet cycle according to the claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the constant temperature test chamber (1) is 25 ℃.
3. The swelling-shrinking-crack measuring device in soil dry-wet cycle of claim 1, wherein n-3 is divided into 9 small chambers in the saline solution chamber (8).
4. The device for measuring dilatancy-fracture during soil dry and wet cycles of claim 1, wherein said chemical solutions comprise saturated cesium fluoride solutions, saturated lithium chloride solutions, saturated magnesium chloride solutions, saturated potassium carbonate solutions, saturated sodium bromide solutions, saturated potassium iodide solutions, saturated sodium nitrate solutions, saturated potassium chloride solutions, saturated potassium nitrate solutions.
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| CN202110879373.0A CN113640496B (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | Swelling-shrinking-crack measuring device in soil body dry-wet circulation |
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| CN202110879373.0A CN113640496B (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | Swelling-shrinking-crack measuring device in soil body dry-wet circulation |
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2021
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| CN116298207B (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2024-06-11 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Device and method for testing instability of slope with fissure under rainfall and groundwater level coupling |
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