CN113601277A - Grinding tool kit, apparatus and method for rolling surface finishing of tapered rollers - Google Patents

Grinding tool kit, apparatus and method for rolling surface finishing of tapered rollers Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113601277A
CN113601277A CN202110885327.1A CN202110885327A CN113601277A CN 113601277 A CN113601277 A CN 113601277A CN 202110885327 A CN202110885327 A CN 202110885327A CN 113601277 A CN113601277 A CN 113601277A
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grinding
tapered roller
sleeve
spiral groove
working surface
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CN113601277B (en
Inventor
任成祖
耿昆
张婧
何春雷
陈�光
梁磊
苏涌翔
闫传滨
靳新民
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/02—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working surfaces of revolution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/11—Lapping tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/34—Accessories

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a grinding tool kit, equipment and method for finish machining of a rolling surface of a tapered roller. The apparatus includes a main body, an external circulation system, a grinding tool kit, and a grinding tool kit holder. The main mechanism type includes a grinding bar assembly rotation type and a grinding sleeve rotation type. The outer circulation system comprises a collecting unit, a sorting unit, a feeding unit and a transmission system. The grinding tool kit comprises a grinding sleeve and a grinding strip assembly, wherein the grinding sleeve is coaxial during working, the grinding strip assembly penetrates through the grinding sleeve, a cylindrical spiral groove is formed in the inner surface of the grinding sleeve, and the grinding strip assembly comprises a plurality of grinding strips which are provided with linear grooves in the front and distributed in a circumferential columnar array mode. During grinding, under the friction and pushing action of the spiral groove working face and the linear groove working face, the tapered roller respectively moves along the linear groove and the spiral groove while rotating around the axis of the tapered roller, so that the grinding of the rolling surface of the tapered roller is realized. The invention can improve the size consistency of the rolling surface of the tapered roller.

Description

Grinding tool kit, apparatus and method for rolling surface finishing of tapered rollers
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grinding tool kit, equipment and a method for finish machining of a rolling surface of a tapered roller, and belongs to the technical field of precision machining of bearing rolling bodies.
Background
Tapered roller bearings are widely used in various types of rotating machinery. The shape accuracy and dimensional uniformity of the rolling surface of a tapered roller, which is one of important parts of a tapered roller bearing, have an important influence on the performance of the tapered roller bearing. At present, the known machining process flow of the rolling surface of the tapered roller is as follows: blank forming (turning or cold heading or rolling), rough machining (soft grinding of rolling surfaces), heat treatment, semi-finishing (hard grinding of rolling surfaces) and finishing, wherein the main process method of well-known rolling surface finishing is super-finishing.
The superfinishing is a finishing method which uses fine-grained oilstone as a grinding tool, and the oilstone applies lower pressure to the processing surface of a workpiece and performs high-speed and micro-amplitude reciprocating vibration and low-speed feed motion along the processing surface of the workpiece, thereby realizing micro-cutting.
At present, the finish machining of the rolling surface of the tapered roller mostly adopts a centerless penetration type or centerless plunge type superfinishing method. In the superfinishing process, the tapered rollers of the same batch sequentially enter the processing area and are subjected to oilstone superfinishing. Only a single (or a few) tapered rollers are machined at the same time, and the material removal amount of the rolling surfaces of the tapered rollers is hardly influenced by the diameter difference of the rolling surfaces of the tapered rollers in different batches, so that the diameter dispersion of the rolling surfaces of the tapered rollers is hardly effectively improved by machining the rolling surfaces of the tapered rollers by using a superfinishing equipment.
At this stage, the apparatus (device) and method relating to the rolling surface finishing of the tapered roller further comprise:
patent document CN108723979A discloses a grinding apparatus for tapered roller rolling surface finishing and a grinding disc kit including a pair of first and second grinding discs arranged coaxially and in front-face opposition. The front surface of the first grinding disc comprises a group of linear grooves radially distributed on the base surface (right circular conical surface) of the first grinding disc, and the front surface of the second grinding disc comprises one or more spiral grooves distributed on the base surface (right circular conical surface) of the second grinding disc.
The processing method belongs to direct comparison processing of multiple samples, and has the capability of removing more rolling surface materials of the tapered roller with larger diameter and removing less rolling surface materials of the tapered roller with smaller diameter. However, when the equipment and the method are used for grinding the rolling surface of the tapered roller, because the linear grooves are distributed on the regular conical surface, on one hand, the circumferential circumferences of the large end and the small end of the regular conical surface which is used as the base surface of the grinding disc are different, the number of the linear grooves is limited by the circumferential circumference of the small end of the regular conical surface, the number of the tapered rollers which participate in grinding at the same time is influenced, and the advantage of comparative processing is not favorably brought into full play; on the other hand, during grinding, because the distances from different positions of the spiral groove on the regular conical surface to the axis of the grinding disc are different, the speeds of the different positions of the spiral groove around the axis of the grinding disc relative to the rotational linear speed of the linear groove are different, the rotation speeds of the tapered roller at different positions of the spiral groove are different, the material removal rate of the rolling surface of the tapered roller and the abrasion rate of the working surface of the grinding disc are changed along with the position of the tapered roller at the spiral groove, and the improvement of the size consistency of the rolling surface of the tapered roller is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a grinding tool kit, equipment and a method for finish machining of the rolling surface of a tapered roller. Compared with the prior art, the number of the tapered rollers participating in processing is greatly increased, and the advantage of direct comparison processing of multiple samples can be better exerted; and the material removal rate of the rolling surface of the tapered roller and the abrasion rate of the working surface of the grinding tool are not changed along with the position of the tapered roller in the grinding tool kit, so that the size consistency of the rolling surface of the tapered roller can be improved.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a grinding tool kit for rolling surface finishing of a tapered roller, comprising a grinding sleeve and a grinding bar assembly; during grinding, the grinding sleeve is coaxial with the grinding strip assembly, and the grinding strip assembly penetrates through the grinding sleeve; one or more spiral grooves are formed in the inner surface of the grinding sleeve, and the spiral grooves are cylindrical spiral grooves; the grinding strip assembly comprises at least 3 grinding strips distributed in a circumferential columnar array, the surface of each grinding strip, which is opposite to the inner surface of the grinding sleeve, is the front surface of each grinding strip, and the front surface of each grinding strip is provided with a linear groove which penetrates through the grinding strips along the length direction of the grinding strips;
the surface of the spiral groove comprises a spiral groove working surface which is contacted with the tapered roller to be processed during grinding, and the surface of the linear groove comprises a linear groove working surface which is contacted with the tapered roller during grinding;
during grinding, distributing a tapered roller at each intersection of the spiral groove and the linear groove; corresponding to each intersection, a region formed by surrounding the working surface of the spiral groove and the working surface of the linear groove is a grinding processing region; the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve rotate relatively around the axis of the grinding strip assembly, and the grinding strip applies working pressure to conical rollers distributed in the spiral groove along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly; in the grinding area, the tapered roller is respectively contacted with the working surface of the spiral groove and the working surface of the linear groove; the tapered roller rotates around the axis of the tapered roller under the friction drive of the spiral groove working surface, and simultaneously moves along the spiral groove and the linear groove under the pushing action of the linear groove working surface and the spiral groove working surface respectively, and the rolling surface of the tapered roller slides relative to the spiral groove working surface and the linear groove working surface, so that the grinding processing of the rolling surface is realized;
the spiral groove working surface is arranged on a spiral groove scanning surface, the spiral groove scanning surface is a constant-section scanning surface, and the spiral groove working surface is continuous or intermittent; taking the tapered roller as a scanning contour A of the solid scanning of the spiral groove scanning surface, wherein a scanning path A of the spiral groove scanning surface is a cylindrical spiral line, the scanning path A passing through the mass center of the tapered roller is marked as the cylindrical spiral line A, all the cylindrical spiral lines A are on the same cylindrical surface, and the axis of the cylindrical spiral line A is the axis of the grinding sleeve;
the linear groove working surface is arranged on the linear groove scanning surface, the linear groove scanning surface is a scanning surface with a uniform cross section, and the linear groove working surface is continuous or intermittent; taking the tapered roller as a scanning profile B of the solid scanning of the linear groove scanning surface, wherein a scanning path B of the linear groove scanning surface is a straight line parallel to an array axis of the grinding strip assembly, the scanning path B passing through the centroid of the tapered roller is marked as a straight line B, the distance from the straight line B to the array axis is an array radius, and the array axis is the axis of the grinding strip assembly;
and during grinding, the radius of the array is equal to that of the cylindrical spiral line A.
Further, the present invention provides a kit, wherein: the axis of the tapered roller as the scanning profile B is in the axial section of the grinding strip assembly, the included angle between the axis of the tapered roller and the straight line B is recorded as gamma, and the half cone angle of the tapered roller is recorded as gamma
Figure BDA0003193833190000031
Figure BDA0003193833190000032
Carrying out physical scanning on the scanning profile B along the scanning path B, and taking the V-shaped two side surfaces formed by enveloping the rolling surfaces of the tapered rollers serving as the scanning profile B on the front surface of the grinding strip as the scanning surfaces of the linear grooves; the scanning path A is a cylindrical equidistant spiral line; the axis of the tapered roller as the scanning profile A is in the axial section of the grinding sleeve, and the included angle between the axis of the tapered roller and the axis of the grinding sleeve is recorded as delta, wherein delta is gamma; carrying out entity scanning on the scanning profile A along the scanning path A, wherein a groove surface formed by enveloping a rolling surface and a large end surface of a tapered roller serving as the scanning profile A on the inner surface of the grinding sleeve is the spiral groove scanning surface; the large-head end surface comprises a spherical base surface of the tapered roller or an end surface fillet of a large head end of the tapered roller or an end surface fillet of the spherical base surface and the large head end.
The grinding tool kit is used for finish machining of the rolling surface of a conical roller made of ferromagnetic materials, and the surface of a spiral groove which is in contact with the rolling surface during grinding is marked as a spiral groove working surface I, wherein the grinding sleeve is made of a magnetic conduction material, a cylindrical magnetic structure is embedded in the solid body of the grinding sleeve, so that a grinding sleeve magnetic field with magnetic lines distributed on the axial section of the grinding sleeve is formed in the grinding machining area; one or more spiral strip-shaped non-magnetic-permeability materials are embedded in the first spiral groove working surface along the scanning path A, or one or more spiral strip-shaped magnetic-isolation grooves or a plurality of circular ring strip-shaped magnetic-isolation grooves are formed in one side of the inner cavity of the entity of the grinding sleeve back to the first spiral groove working surface along the scanning path A, so that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic line of force of the grinding sleeve magnetic field passing through the entity of the grinding sleeve on the first spiral groove working surface is increased.
The invention also provides equipment for finish machining of the rolling surface of the tapered roller, which comprises a host, an external circulation system, a grinding sleeve clamp, a grinding strip assembly clamp and the grinding tool kit for finish machining of the rolling surface of the tapered roller, wherein the grinding sleeve clamp is arranged on the host;
the grinding sleeve clamp is used for clamping the grinding sleeve;
the grinding strip assembly clamp is used for clamping the grinding strip assembly; the grinding strip assembly clamp comprises a group of grinding strip mounting seats which are distributed in a circumferential columnar array and used for fixedly connecting the grinding strips and a radial expansion mechanism positioned in the center of the grinding strip assembly clamp; the back surface of the grinding strip is fixedly connected to the surface of the grinding strip mounting seat positioned on the periphery of the grinding strip assembly clamp; the radial expansion mechanism comprises a radial expansion part and a basic mandrel which is coaxial with the grinding strip assembly; the axis of the abrasive strip assembly is the axis of the abrasive strip assembly holder; the basic mandrel is connected to the host; the radial expansion component is respectively connected with the grinding strip mounting seat and the basic mandrel and is used for driving all the grinding strip mounting seats and grinding strips on the grinding strip mounting seats to synchronously expand and load outwards along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly clamp and transmitting torque between the basic mandrel and the grinding strip mounting seats;
according to different relative rotation modes of the grinding tool kit, the configuration of the main machine is a grinding strip assembly rotation type or a grinding sleeve rotation type; for a grinding strip assembly rotary type host, the host comprises a grinding strip assembly rotary driving part and a grinding sleeve clamp clamping part; the grinding strip assembly rotary driving component is used for clamping a basic mandrel in the grinding strip assembly clamp and driving the grinding strip assembly to rotate; the grinding sleeve clamp clamping part is used for clamping the grinding sleeve clamp; for a grinding sleeve rotation type main machine, the main machine comprises a grinding sleeve rotation driving part and a grinding strip assembly clamp clamping part; the grinding sleeve rotation driving part is used for clamping the grinding sleeve fixture and driving the grinding sleeve to rotate; the grinding strip assembly clamp clamping component is used for clamping a basic mandrel in the grinding strip assembly clamp;
the external circulation system comprises a collecting unit, a sorting unit, a feeding unit and a transmission subsystem;
the collecting unit is arranged at the outlet of each spiral groove and is used for collecting the tapered rollers which leave the grinding area from the outlet of each spiral groove;
the arrangement unit is used for arranging the tapered rollers into a queue required by the feeding unit and adjusting the directions of the small ends of the tapered rollers to be consistent;
according to different configurations of the main machine, the arrangement positions and the working modes of the feeding units in the equipment are respectively as follows:
1) for the grinding strip assembly rotary type host, the feeding unit is arranged at the inlet of the spiral groove, and the frame of the feeding unit and the grinding sleeve are kept at fixed relative positions; the feeding unit is provided with a feeding channel, and the feeding channel is intersected with the spiral groove at the inlet; the feeding unit is used for feeding the tapered rollers into the linear groove through the feeding channel;
2) for the grinding sleeve rotation type host, the feeding unit is arranged at one end, positioned at the inlet of the spiral groove, of the grinding sleeve, the frame of the feeding unit and the grinding sleeve keep fixed relative positions in the axial direction of the grinding sleeve, and the frame of the feeding unit and the linear groove keep fixed relative positions in the circumferential direction of the grinding strip assembly; the area of each linear groove, which is positioned outside the end face of the grinding sleeve and close to the end face, is a feeding waiting area, and the end face is positioned at the inlet end of the spiral groove; the feeding unit is used for feeding the tapered roller into the inlet of the spiral groove through the feeding waiting area;
the transmission subsystem is used for transmitting the tapered rollers among units in the outer circulation system;
during the grinding process, the external circulation moving path of the tapered roller in the external circulation system is as follows: the spiral groove is sequentially arranged from an outlet of the spiral groove to an inlet of the spiral groove through a collecting unit, a sorting unit and a feeding unit; the tapered roller forms a closed cycle between the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve along the spiral moving path of the spiral groove and the outer circulating moving path in the outer circulating system;
the radial expansion mechanism is one of a conical surface radial expansion mechanism, a communication type fluid pressure radial expansion mechanism and a micro-displacement unit radial expansion mechanism.
The equipment is used for finish machining of the rolling surface of the tapered roller made of ferromagnetic materials, the surface of the spiral groove which is in contact with the rolling surface during grinding is marked as a spiral groove working surface I, and the grinding sleeve is made of a magnetic conductive material; a cylindrical magnetic structure is arranged at one of the following two positions to form a grinding sleeve magnetic field with magnetic lines distributed on the axial section of the grinding sleeve in the grinding processing area:
1) the cylindrical magnetic structure is embedded in the solid body of the grinding sleeve; one or more spiral strip-shaped non-magnetic-permeability materials are embedded in the first spiral groove working surface along the scanning path A, or one or more spiral strip-shaped grinding sleeve magnetism-isolating grooves or a plurality of circular ring strip-shaped grinding sleeve magnetism-isolating grooves are arranged on one side of the inner cavity of the entity of the grinding sleeve back to the first spiral groove working surface along the scanning path A, so that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic line of force of the grinding sleeve magnetic field at the first spiral groove working surface through the grinding sleeve is increased;
2) the grinding sleeve fixture further comprises a magnetic sleeve made of a magnetic conductive material, and the grinding sleeve fixture clamps the grinding sleeve through the magnetic sleeve; the middle part of the inner wall of the magnetic sleeve is embedded with the cylindrical magnetic structure, the magnetic sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the grinding sleeve, and the magnetic sleeve is connected with the two ends of the cylindrical magnetic structure of the grinding sleeve so as to conduct the magnetic field of the grinding sleeve; one or more spiral strip-shaped non-magnetic-permeability materials are embedded in the first spiral groove working surface along the scanning path A, or one or more spiral strip-shaped grinding sleeve magnetism-isolating grooves or a plurality of circular ring strip-shaped grinding sleeve magnetism-isolating grooves are arranged on the outer wall of the grinding sleeve back to the first spiral groove working surface along the scanning path A, so that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic line of force of the grinding sleeve magnetic field at the first spiral groove working surface through the grinding sleeve is increased;
the outer circulation system further comprises a demagnetization unit, and the demagnetization unit is used for demagnetizing the ferromagnetic tapered roller which is magnetized by the grinding sleeve magnetic field of the cylindrical magnetic structure.
The invention also provides a method for finishing the rolling surface of the tapered roller, and the equipment provided by the invention is used for realizing batch circular finishing of the rolling surface of the tapered roller, and comprises the following specific steps:
step one, starting the radial expansion mechanism to enable the grinding strip assembly to move towards the inner surface of the grinding sleeve along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly, wherein the space of the grinding processing area at each intersection of the spiral groove and the linear groove can accommodate only one tapered roller:
starting the grinding strip assembly rotation driving part or the grinding sleeve rotation driving part to enable the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve to relatively rotate at an initial speed of 0-10 rpm;
step three, starting the transmission subsystem, the sorting unit and the feeding unit; adjusting the operating speeds of the feeding unit, the conveying subsystem and the arranging unit so as to establish a closed cycle of spiral movement of the tapered rollers along the spiral grooves between the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve and collection, arrangement and feeding through the external circulation system;
adjusting the relative rotating speed of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve to a working rotating speed of 5-60 rpm, and further adjusting the running speeds of the feeding unit, the conveying subsystem and the arranging unit to enable the storage amount of the tapered rollers at all positions of the collecting unit, the arranging unit, the feeding unit and the conveying subsystem in the external circulation system to be matched and the external circulation to be smooth and orderly;
step five, adding grinding fluid into the grinding area;
step six, comprising:
1) adjusting the radial expansion mechanism to enable the grinding strip assembly to further move towards the inner surface of the grinding sleeve along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly until the rolling surfaces of the tapered rollers in the grinding processing area are respectively contacted with the working surface of the linear groove and the working surface of the spiral groove;
2) further adjusting the radial expansion mechanism, and averagely applying 0.5-2N of initial pressure to each tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area; the tapered roller rotates around the axis of the tapered roller under the friction drive of the working surface of the spiral groove, and simultaneously moves along the linear groove and the spiral groove respectively under the pushing action of the working surface of the spiral groove and the working surface of the linear groove; the rolling surface slides relative to the spiral groove working surface and the linear groove working surface, and the rolling surface starts to be ground and processed by the spiral groove working surface and the linear groove working surface;
seventhly, with the stable operation of the grinding processing process, further adjusting the radial expansion mechanism, and averagely applying 2-50N of working pressure to each tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area; the tapered roller keeps the contact relation with the working surfaces of the spiral groove and the linear groove, the rotation motion around the axis of the tapered roller and the motion relation along the linear groove and the spiral groove in the step six, and the rolling surface is continuously subjected to grinding processing of the working surfaces of the spiral groove and the linear groove;
step eight, after a period of grinding processing, performing sampling inspection on the tapered roller; when the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface do not meet the technical requirements, continuing the grinding processing in the step; when the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface meet the technical requirements, entering the ninth step;
step nine, gradually reducing the pressure applied to the tapered roller and finally reaching zero; stopping the operation of the sorting unit, the feeding unit and the transmission subsystem, and adjusting the relative rotation speed of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve to zero; stopping filling the grinding liquid into the grinding area; the abrasive strip assembly is retracted radially to its inoperative position.
The invention also provides a method for finishing the rolling surface of the tapered roller made of ferromagnetic materials, which is different from the method in that:
the rolling surface of the tapered roller made of ferromagnetic materials is subjected to batch circular finish machining by adopting the device for finish machining the rolling surface of the tapered roller made of ferromagnetic materials;
the specific steps of the method of the invention are different from the specific steps of the method in that:
step three, starting the transmission subsystem, the sorting unit, the feeding unit and the demagnetization unit; adjusting the operating speeds of the feeding unit, the conveying subsystem and the arranging unit so as to establish a closed cycle of spiral movement of the tapered rollers along the spiral grooves between the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve and collection, arrangement and feeding through the external circulation system;
step six, wherein:
2) further adjusting the radial expansion mechanism, and averagely applying initial pressure of 0.5-2N to each tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area;
the cylindrical magnetic structure enters a working state, and the magnetic field intensity of the grinding sleeve magnetic field is adjusted, so that the tapered roller is driven to rotate around the axis of the tapered roller; meanwhile, the tapered rollers respectively move along the linear grooves and the spiral grooves under the pushing action of the spiral groove working surfaces and the linear groove working surfaces; the rolling surface slides relative to the spiral groove working surface and the linear groove working surface, and the rolling surface starts to be ground and processed by the spiral groove working surface and the linear groove working surface;
step nine, gradually reducing the pressure applied to the tapered roller and finally reaching zero; stopping the operation of the sorting unit, the feeding unit and the transmission subsystem, and adjusting the relative rotation speed of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve to zero; the cylindrical magnetic structure is switched to a non-working state, and the operation of the demagnetization unit is stopped; stopping filling the grinding liquid into the grinding area; the abrasive strip assembly is retracted radially to its inoperative position.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cylindrical spiral grooves are arranged on the inner surface of the grinding sleeve, and each linear groove is arranged on a grinding strip of a grinding strip assembly which can be radially expanded and is distributed in a circumferential columnar array. On one hand, the array radius of the grinding strip assembly is a fixed value, the condition that the number of linear grooves is limited by the circumferential perimeter of the small end of a right circular conical surface due to the fact that the circumferential perimeters of the large end and the small end of the right circular conical surface serving as a base surface of a grinding disc are different in the prior art is avoided, meanwhile, the number of conical rollers participating in grinding is greatly increased compared with that of the prior art, and the advantages of a multi-sample direct comparison processing method can be better played; on the other hand, because the speeds of different positions of the spiral groove around the axis of the grinding strip assembly relative to the rotation line of the linear groove are the same, the self-rotating speeds of the tapered roller at different positions of the spiral groove are the same, and the material removal rate of the rolling surface of the tapered roller and the abrasion rate of the working surface of the grinding tool are not changed along with the position of the tapered roller at the spiral groove, so that the size consistency of the rolling surface of the tapered roller is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1-1 is a schematic diagram of a lapping tool set for tapered roller finishing;
FIGS. 1-2(a) are schematic views showing three-dimensional structures of tapered rollers;
FIGS. 1-2(b) are schematic views of two-dimensional structures of tapered rollers;
FIGS. 1-3 are schematic views showing the distribution of tapered rollers in linear grooves and spiral grooves in a grinding process;
FIGS. 1-4 are schematic views of the physical scanning relationship between the linear groove scanning surface and the tapered roller;
FIGS. 1-5(a) are schematic normal cross-sectional profiles of the swept surfaces of a straight line groove for tapered roller finishing;
FIGS. 1-5(b) are schematic normal cross-sectional profiles of finished straight-line grooved working surfaces of tapered rollers;
FIGS. 1-6 are schematic views showing the contact relationship between a tapered roller and a straight groove working surface;
FIGS. 1-7 are schematic illustrations of the physical scanning relationship of a helical groove scanning surface to a tapered roller;
FIGS. 1-8 are schematic views showing the contact relationship between a tapered roller and a working surface of a spiral groove;
FIGS. 1-9(a) are schematic views of a conical radial expansion mechanism;
FIGS. 1-9(b) are cross-sectional views of the cut-away locations shown in FIGS. 1-9 (a);
FIGS. 1-9(c) are schematic views of a fluid radial expansion mechanism of the vented type;
FIGS. 1-9(d) are cross-sectional views of the cut-away locations shown in FIGS. 1-9 (c);
FIGS. 1-9(e) are schematic views of a radial expansion mechanism of a micro-displacement unit;
FIGS. 1-9(f) are cross-sectional views of the cut-away locations shown in FIGS. 1-9 (e);
FIGS. 1-10 are schematic diagrams of the relative motion and external circulation system of the lapping tool kit of a rotary-type mainframe of a horizontal lapping bar assembly for tapered roller finishing;
FIGS. 1-11 are schematic views of a horizontal grinding bar assembly rotary-type main machine with tapered rollers entering linear grooves through a feed channel;
FIGS. 1-12 are schematic views of the relative motion of the lapping tool assembly of the vertical lapping sleeve rotary-type mainframe and the entrance of the tapered roller into the spiral groove via the linear groove;
FIG. 2-1(a) is a schematic view showing a cylindrical magnetic structure of a tapered roller finishing and a magnetic field distribution in a grinding processing area;
FIG. 2-1(b) is an enlarged view of the portion C in FIG. 2-1(a), and is a schematic view of the magnetic field lines in the grinding region preferably passing through the tapered roller made of ferromagnetic material;
2-2(a) is a schematic view of a cylindrical magnetic structure of a tapered roller finish machining and a magnetic field distribution of a grinding machining area;
FIG. 2-2(b) is an enlarged view of the portion D in FIG. 2-2(a), and is a schematic view of the magnetic field lines in the grinding region preferably passing through the tapered roller made of ferromagnetic material;
2-3 are schematic diagrams of cylindrical magnetic structures and magnetic field distribution of grinding processing areas of tapered roller finishing;
2-4 are a cylindrical magnetic structure schematic diagram of the tapered roller finish machining and a magnetic field distribution schematic diagram of a grinding machining area;
2-5 are schematic diagrams of an external circulation system of a horizontal grinding strip assembly rotary type main machine for fine machining of a tapered roller comprising a demagnetization unit;
in the figure:
12 a lapping strip mounting seat; 14-a base mandrel; 141-guide shaft sleeve B; 1411-guide well B; 142-a tapered mandrel; 1421-outer conical surface; 152-guide post B; 162-shaft cylinder; 163-mother cavity; 164-cylinder liner; 165-a piston rod; 17-a micro-displacement unit; 171-a push rod;
21-grinding sleeve; 211-helical groove; 2111-helical flute running face; 21111-helical flute working face one; 21112-spiral groove working face two; 2112-helical groove scanning surface; 21121-helical groove scanning surface one; 21122-helical groove scanning surface two; 2121-cylindrical helix a; 213-axis of the grinding sleeve; 2131 axial section of grinding sleeve; 215-a guide surface; 217-cylindrical magnetic structure; 2171-magnetic field lines of the grinding shell magnetic field; 218-spiral tape-like non-magnetic permeable material; 2181-grinding and sleeving magnetic isolation grooves; 219-magnetic sleeve;
22-grinding strip; 221-linear grooves; 2211-straight groove working plane; 2212-linear groove scan plane; 2213-normal cross section of the linear trench; 22131-normal cross-sectional profile B; 2221-straight line B; 223-the axis of the abrasive bar assembly; 2231-axial cross section of the abrasive bar assembly; 225-feeding waiting area; 226-an expandable support;
31-axis of the tapered roller; 32-a rolling surface; 321-contact line one; 322-contact line two; 33-sphere basal plane; 331-contact line three; 34-end surface rounding;
41-a collecting unit; 42-a finishing unit; 43-a feeding unit; 431-a feed channel; 44-demagnetization unit;
O2-the centre of mass of the tapered roller;
the included angle between the axis of the gamma-tapered roller and the straight line B; delta-the included angle between the axis of the tapered roller and the axis of the grinding sleeve; theta-half angle of included angle of two straight line segments of normal section profile of linear groove scanning surface;
Figure BDA0003193833190000081
-the half cone angle of the tapered roller; d-the embedding depth; t-width of non-magnetically conductive material; d' -the depth of the magnetic isolation groove; t' -width of the magnetic isolation groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples. The embodiments described by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the constituent components described in the following embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to these unless otherwise specifically indicated.
Example 1 of the grinding tool kit: a lapping tool kit for finish machining of rolling surfaces of tapered rollers.
As shown in fig. 1-1, the lap tool kit includes a lapping sleeve 21 and a lapping strip assembly. During the grinding process, the grinding sleeve 21 is coaxial with the grinding strip assembly, in the figure, reference numeral 213 is an axis of the grinding sleeve 21, reference numeral 223 is an axis of the grinding strip assembly, and the grinding strip assembly penetrates through the grinding sleeve 21. One or more spiral grooves 211 are formed in the inner surface of the grinding sleeve 21, and the spiral grooves 211 are cylindrical spiral grooves. The grinding strip subassembly includes not less than 3, the grinding strip 22 that is circumference column array distribution, each grinding strip 22 with the relative surface of the internal surface of grinding cover 21 is the front of grinding strip 22, and the front of each grinding strip 22 all is provided with one and follows the length direction of grinding strip 22 runs through the straight line slot 221 of grinding strip 22. The inner surface of the grinding sleeve 21 shown in fig. 1-1 is provided with only one helical groove 211, reference 2221 being a straight line B, see fig. 1-4.
Fig. 1-2(a) and fig. 1-2(b) show a three-dimensional structure and a two-dimensional structure, respectively, of a tapered roller to be processed, whose surface includes a rolling surface 32, an end-face rounded corner 34 and a ball base surface 33 at a large head end, an end-face rounded corner 34 at a small head end, and an end plane.
As shown in fig. 1-1 and fig. 1-3 (fig. 1-3 are schematic diagrams illustrating the distribution of the tapered roller in the spiral groove 211 and the linear groove 221 in a grinding state, and a left grinding strip is cut in the drawing so as to show the distribution of the tapered roller in the spiral groove 211), the surface of the spiral groove 211 includes a spiral groove working surface 2111 which is in contact with the tapered roller during grinding and a non-working surface (not labeled) which is not in contact with the tapered roller. The surface of the linear groove 211 includes a linear groove working surface 2211 which comes into contact with the tapered roller during grinding and a non-working surface (not shown) which does not come into contact with the tapered roller.
As shown in fig. 1-1, 1-3, 1-10, and 1-12, during the grinding process, a tapered roller is disposed at each intersection of the spiral groove 211 and the linear groove 221. Corresponding to each intersection, the region formed by the surrounding of the spiral groove working surface 2111 and the linear groove working surface 2211 is a grinding region. The grinding bar assembly and the grinding sleeve 21 revolve relatively around the axis 223 of the grinding bar assembly, and the grinding bars 22 apply working pressure to the tapered rollers distributed in the spiral groove 211 along the radial direction of the grinding bar assembly, as shown in fig. 1 to 9(a), fig. 1 to 9(b), fig. 1 to 9(c), fig. 1 to 9(d), fig. 1 to 9(e) and fig. 1 to 9 (f). In the grinding area, the tapered rollers are in contact with the spiral groove working surface 2111 and the linear groove working surface 2211, respectively. The tapered roller rotates around its own axis under the friction drive of the spiral groove working surface 2111, and simultaneously moves along the spiral groove 211 and the linear groove 221 under the pushing action of the linear groove working surface 2211 and the spiral groove working surface 2111, and the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller slides relative to the spiral groove working surface 2111 and the linear groove working surface 2211, so that the grinding processing of the rolling surface 32 is realized.
The linear groove working surface 2211 is on the linear groove scanning surface 2212, and the linear groove scanning surface 2212 is a uniform-section scanning surface. Such as1-1, 1-3, and 1-4, the scan profile B of the solid scan of the linear groove scan surface 2212 is that of the tapered roller, the scan path B of the linear groove scan surface 2212 is a straight line parallel to the array axis of the abrasive bar assembly, and will pass through the centroid O of the tapered roller2The scan path B (on the axis of the tapered roller) is represented by line B2221, the distance from the line B2221 to the array axis is the array radius, and the array axis is the axis of the abrasive bar assembly. The axis 31 of the tapered roller as the scanning profile B is in the axial section of the grinding strip assembly, the reference 2231 is the axial section of the grinding strip assembly, the smaller end and the larger end of the tapered roller are closer to the axis 223 of the grinding strip assembly, the included angle between the axis 31 of the tapered roller and the straight line B2221 is recorded as gamma, and the half cone angle of the tapered roller is recorded as gamma
Figure BDA0003193833190000101
Figure BDA0003193833190000102
When the scanning profile B is physically scanned along the scanning path B, both sides of the V-shape formed by the rolling surfaces 32 of the tapered rollers as the scanning profile B on the front surface of the abrasive belt 22 are the linear groove scanning surfaces 2212. The arc surface at the bottom of the straight groove 221 in fig. 1-4 is a scanning surface enveloped by the end surface rounding 34 of the small end of the tapered roller, as shown in fig. 1-5(a) and fig. 1-5 (b).
The normal cross section of the straight groove 221 is a plane perpendicular to the straight line B2221. When the rolling surface 32 is not convex, as shown in fig. 1-4 and 1-5(a), within a straight groove normal section 2213, the straight groove scanning surface normal section profile a22131 is two straight line segments, equal to the angle of the abrasive bar assembly axial section 2231, denoted as θ,
Figure BDA0003193833190000103
when the rolling surface 32 is designed with a convexity, the linear groove is compared with the normal cross-sectional profile A22131The normal cross-sectional profile of the groove scan surface is two curved segments slightly concave into the solid body of the abrasive strip 22. As shown in fig. 1 to 5(b), in order to avoid interference between the end face rounded corner 34 at the small end of the tapered roller and the arc surface at the bottom of the linear groove 221 during the grinding process, a material removed to a certain depth below the arc surface forms a non-working surface of the linear groove 221, such as a rectangular groove surface located below the arc dashed line as shown in the figures, see fig. 1 to 6.
During the grinding process, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the rolling surface 32 and the V-shaped two side surfaces of the linear groove working surface 2211 are in line contact, and reference numeral 321 is a first contact line between the rolling surface 32 and the V-shaped two side surfaces.
The straight line groove scanning surface 2212 is a uniform cross-section scanning surface, and has the specific meanings as follows: the normal cross-sectional profile a22131 of the linear groove scanning surface 2212 remains constant within the normal cross-section 2213 of the linear groove at different positions of the linear groove 221.
It can be understood that the relationship between the linear groove scanning surface 2212 and the linear groove working surface 2211 in the present invention is: the linear groove scanning surface 2212 is a continuous surface, and the linear groove working surface 2211 and the linear groove scanning surface 2212 have the same shape, position and boundary, so that the linear groove working surface 2211 may be discontinuous without affecting the contact relationship between the tapered roller and the linear groove working surface 2211 and the polishing uniformity of the rolling surface 32.
In the present invention, it is preferred that all of the linear grooves 221 be uniformly distributed about the axis 223 of the abrasive bar assembly.
The spiral groove working surface 2111 is on a spiral groove scanning surface 2112, and the spiral groove scanning surface 2112 is a uniform cross-section scanning surface. The spiral groove working surface 2111 includes a first spiral groove working surface 21111 which comes into contact with the rolling surface 32 during grinding and a second spiral groove working surface 21112 which comes into contact with the large head end surface of the tapered roller. The big-end surface comprises the spherical base surface 33 of the tapered roller or also the end-face rounding 34 of the big end. The first spiral groove working surface 21111 and the second spiral groove working surface 21112 are respectively arranged onA first helical groove scan surface 21121 and a second helical groove scan surface 21122. As shown in FIGS. 1-1, 1-3 and 1-7, the scanning path A of the spiral groove 2112 is a cylindrical equidistant spiral line passing through the centroid O of the tapered roller2The scanning path a of (a) is marked as a cylindrical helix a2121, all the cylindrical helices a2121 are on the same cylindrical surface, and the axis of the cylindrical helix a2121 is the axis of the grinding sleeve 21. The axis 31 of the tapered roller as the scanning profile a is in the axial section of the polishing cover 21, reference numeral 2131 is the axial section of the polishing cover, and the angle between the axis 31 of the tapered roller and the axis 213 of the polishing cover is denoted by δ, where δ is γ. And performing entity scanning on the scanning profile a along the scanning path a, wherein a groove surface formed by enveloping a rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller serving as the scanning profile a on the inner surface of the grinding sleeve 21 is the first helical groove scanning surface 21121, and a groove surface formed by enveloping a large head end surface of the tapered roller serving as the scanning profile a is the second helical groove scanning surface 21122.
And during grinding, the radius of the array is equal to that of the cylindrical spiral line A2121.
Under the constraint of the linear groove working surface 2211, the rolling surface 32 is in line contact with the first spiral groove working surface 21111, and the large head end surface of the tapered roller is in line contact with the second spiral groove working surface 21112.
1-8, reference 322 is the second line of contact between the rolling surface 32 and the first helical flute working surface 21111, and reference 331 is the third line of contact between the big end surface and the second helical flute working surface 21112.
The specific meaning that the spiral groove scanning surface 2112 is a uniform cross-section scanning surface is as follows: the axial cross-sectional profile of the helical groove scan surface 2112 remains constant within the grinding sleeve axial cross-section 2131 at different locations of the helical groove 211.
It will be appreciated that the relationship between the helical groove scanning surface 2112 and the helical groove working surface 2111 of the present invention is: the spiral groove scanning surface 2112 is a continuous surface, the spiral groove working surface 2111 and the spiral groove scanning surface 2112 have the same shape, position and boundary, and the spiral groove working surface 2111 may be discontinuous on the premise of not affecting the contact relationship between the tapered roller and the spiral groove working surface 2111 and the grinding uniformity of the rolling surface 32.
It is recommended that all the helical grooves 211 are uniformly distributed around the axis 213 of the grinding sleeve.
Example of the lapping tool kit 2: a lapping tool kit for finish machining of rolling surfaces of tapered rollers.
The main differences between the described lap kit and the lap kit of embodiment 1 are:
the big-end surface comprises the spherical base surface 33 of the tapered roller or comprises the end-face rounding 34 of the big end of the tapered roller or comprises the spherical base surface 33 and the end-face rounding 34 of the big end.
Example of the grinding kit 3: a grinding tool kit for finishing the rolling surface of a tapered roller made of ferromagnetic material (such as GCr15, G20CrNi2MoA, Cr4Mo4V30, etc.).
The main differences between the described lap kit and the lap kit of either lap kit embodiment 1 or lap kit embodiment 2 are:
the grinding sleeve 21 is made of a magnetic conductive material, as shown in fig. 2-1(a) and fig. 2-1(b), fig. 2-1(b) is an enlarged view of part C of fig. 2-1(a), a cylindrical magnetic structure 217 is embedded in the solid interior of the grinding sleeve 21 to form a grinding sleeve magnetic field with magnetic lines distributed on the axial cross section of the grinding sleeve 21 in the grinding region, and reference 2171 is the magnetic line of the grinding sleeve magnetic field. The first helical groove working surface 21111 has one or more helical strips of non-magnetic permeable material 218 embedded along the scan path a to increase the reluctance of the magnetic field lines 2171 of the grinding sleeve magnetic field through the solid mass of the grinding sleeve 21 at the first helical groove working surface 21111. In FIGS. 2-1(a) and 2-1(b), the first spiral groove face 21111 has a spiral ribbon of non-magnetic material 218 embedded therein.
The width t, the embedding depth d and the distance between two adjacent spiral strip-shaped non-magnetic-conductive materials 218 need to meet the requirements of the spiral groove working surface I21111 on structural strength and rigidity on one hand, and on the other hand, the magnetic force lines 2171 of the grinding sleeve magnetic field in the grinding processing area preferentially pass through the tapered roller which is in contact with the spiral groove working surface I21111 during grinding processing.
The cylindrical magnetic structure 217 may be a permanent magnetic structure, an electromagnetic structure, or an electrically controlled permanent magnetic structure. The magnetic conductive material is a soft magnetic structure material with high magnetic permeability, such as soft iron, low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, soft magnetic alloy and the like, and the spiral strip-shaped non-magnetic conductive material 218 is a non-ferromagnetic structure material, such as non-ferrous metal, austenitic stainless steel and the like.
Example of the lapping kit 4: a grinding tool kit for finishing the rolling surface of a tapered roller made of ferromagnetic material (such as GCr15, G20CrNi2MoA, Cr4Mo4V30, etc.).
The main differences between the described lap kit and the lap kit of embodiment 3 are:
2-2(a) and 2-2(b), FIG. 2-2(b) is an enlargement of section D of FIG. 2-2(a), the first helical groove working surface 21111 has no helical ribbon magnetically non-conductive material embedded along the scan path A, but one or more helical ribbon grinding sleeve magnetically isolating grooves 2181 or a plurality of annular ribbon grinding sleeve magnetically isolating grooves 2181 are disposed along the scan path A on the side of the solid inner cavity of the grinding sleeve 21 facing away from the first helical groove working surface to increase the magnetic reluctance of the magnetic field lines 2171 of the grinding sleeve magnetic field through the solid of the grinding sleeve 21 at the first helical groove working surface 21111.
The width t ', the depth d' and the distance between the magnetic isolation grooves of the grinding sleeve 2181 and the adjacent magnetic isolation grooves of the grinding sleeve need to meet the requirements of the spiral groove working surface I21111 on structural strength and rigidity on one hand, and on the other hand, the magnetic force lines 2171 of the magnetic field of the grinding sleeve in the grinding processing area preferentially pass through the conical roller which is in contact with the spiral groove working surface I21111 during grinding processing.
Apparatus example 1: an apparatus for rolling surface finishing of tapered rollers.
The apparatus includes a mainframe, an external circulation system, a lapping sleeve holder, a lapping strip assembly holder, and a lapping tool kit as described in lapping tool kit embodiment 1.
The grinding sleeve clamp is used for clamping the grinding sleeve 21.
The grinding strip assembly clamp is used for clamping the grinding strip assembly. The grinding strip assembly fixture comprises a group of grinding strip mounting seats 12 which are distributed in a circumferential columnar array and used for fixedly connecting the grinding strips 22 and a radial expansion mechanism positioned at the center of the grinding strip assembly fixture. The back side of the grinding strip 22 (the surface facing away from the front side of the grinding strip 22) is fixedly connected to the surface of the grinding strip mounting base 12 located at the periphery of the grinding strip assembly jig. Referring to fig. 1-9(a), 1-9(b), 1-9(c), 1-9(d), 1-9(e) and 1-9(f), the radial expansion mechanism includes a radial expansion member and a base mandrel coaxial with the abrasive strip assembly. The abrasive strip assembly axis 223 is the abrasive strip assembly holder axis. The basic mandrel is connected to the host. The radial expansion components are respectively connected with the abrasive strip mounting seats 12 and the basic mandrel, and are used for driving all the abrasive strip mounting seats 12 and the abrasive strips 22 thereon to synchronously expand and load outwards along the radial direction of the abrasive strip assembly fixture and transmitting torque between the basic mandrel and the abrasive strip mounting seats 12.
The radial expansion mechanism is one of a conical surface radial expansion mechanism, a communication type fluid pressure radial expansion mechanism and a micro-displacement unit radial expansion mechanism.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9(a) and fig. 1 to 9(B), the base mandrel of the conical radial expansion mechanism comprises a guide sleeve B141 and a tapered mandrel 142, the inner surface of the guide sleeve B141 is an inner cylindrical surface, the circumference of the guide sleeve B141 is provided with guide holes B1411, and all the guide holes B1411 are arranged along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly fixture. The taper mandrel 142 is provided with a coaxial outer cylindrical surface and a plurality of outer conical surfaces 1421, and the outer cylindrical surface of the taper mandrel 142 is in sliding fit with the inner cylindrical surface of the guide shaft sleeve B141. The radial expansion component of the conical surface radial expansion mechanism is a guide pillar B152, one end of the guide pillar B152 is fixedly connected with the grinding strip mounting seat 12, the end surface of the other end of the guide pillar B152 is tangent to the external conical surface 1421, and the cylindrical surface of the guide pillar B152 is in sliding fit with the guide hole B1411. When the tapered mandrel 142 moves toward the small end of the external conical surface 1421 relative to the guide sleeve B141, the guide post B152 pushes the grinding strip mounting seat 12 and the grinding strips 22 thereon to synchronously expand outward along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly under the action of the external conical surface 1421. The guide post B152 transmits torque between the guide sleeve B141 and the abrasive strip mounting 12.
As shown in fig. 1-9(c) and fig. 1-9(d), the basic mandrel of the communication type fluid pressure radial expansion mechanism is a shaft-shaped cylinder body 161 with a female cavity 163 and a plurality of cylinder sleeves 164, the cylinder sleeves 164 are arranged along the outer periphery of the shaft-shaped cylinder body 161 in the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly clamp, and the female cavity 163 and the cylinder sleeves 164 are communicated and filled with hydraulic oil or compressed air. The radial expansion component of the communication type fluid pressure radial expansion mechanism is a piston rod 165 arranged in each cylinder sleeve 164, the piston end of each piston rod 165 slides in each cylinder sleeve 164, and the other end of each piston rod 165 is fixedly connected with the grinding strip mounting seat 12. When the pressure of the hydraulic oil or the compressed air in the female cavity 163 increases, the piston rod 165 pushes the abrasive strip mounting seat 12 and the abrasive strips 22 thereon to synchronously expand outward along the radial direction of the abrasive strip assembly. The piston rod 165 transmits torque between the shaft cylinder 161 and the grinding strip mounting 12.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9(e) and fig. 1 to 9(f), the radial expansion member of the radial expansion mechanism of the micro-displacement unit is the micro-displacement unit 17, and the micro-displacement unit 17 is one of the electrostriction units, magnetostrictive units, telescopic motor units, ultrasonic motor units, pneumatic units, hydraulic units, and the like, which can generate one-dimensional micro-displacement. The micro-displacement unit 17 is installed on the periphery of the base mandrel 14 and arranged along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly clamp. The micro-displacement unit is provided with a push rod 171, and the push rod 171 is fixedly connected with the grinding strip mounting seat 12. All the push rods 171 generate the same micro-displacement in the radial direction of the abrasive strip assembly clamp under the control of the controller and push the abrasive strip mounting seat 12 and the abrasive strip 22 thereon to synchronously expand outwards in the radial direction of the abrasive strip assembly clamp. The micro-displacement unit 17 transmits torque between the base mandrel 14 and the abrasive strip mounting 12.
The primary configuration includes a horizontal configuration and a vertical configuration depending on the location of the axis 213 of the grinding sleeve. When the axis 213 of the grinding sleeve is horizontal, the main machine configuration is a horizontal configuration, as shown in fig. 1-10. When the axis 213 of the grinding sleeve is perpendicular to the horizontal, the main machine configuration is an upright configuration, as shown in fig. 1-12.
According to different relative rotation modes of the grinding tool kit, the configuration of the main machine is a grinding strip assembly rotation type or a grinding sleeve rotation type; for a grinding strip assembly rotary type host, the host comprises a grinding strip assembly rotary driving part and a grinding sleeve clamp clamping part; the grinding strip assembly rotary driving component is used for clamping a basic mandrel in the grinding strip assembly clamp and driving the grinding strip assembly to rotate; the grinding sleeve clamp clamping part is used for clamping the grinding sleeve clamp; for a grinding sleeve rotation type main machine, the main machine comprises a grinding sleeve rotation driving part and a grinding strip assembly clamp clamping part; the grinding sleeve rotation driving part is used for clamping the grinding sleeve clamp and driving the grinding sleeve 21 to rotate; the lapping bar assembly fixture clamping component is used for clamping a basic mandrel in the lapping bar assembly fixture.
As shown in fig. 1-10 (fig. 1-10 are schematic diagrams of the relative motion and external circulation system of the lapping tool kit of the horizontal grinding bar assembly rotary-type main machine, in which the left-hand grinding bar and the expandable support are hidden so as to show that the tapered rollers leave the grinding processing area from the outlet of the spiral groove 211), the external circulation system includes a collection unit 41, a sorting unit 42, a feeding unit 43 and a conveying subsystem.
The collecting unit 41 is provided at the outlet of the spiral groove 211, and collects the tapered rollers that exit the grinding area from the outlet of each spiral groove 211.
The arranging unit 42 is configured to arrange the tapered rollers into a line required by the feeding unit 43, and adjust the orientation of the small end of the tapered roller uniformly, where the line is a serial line of one tapered roller after another tapered roller of the rolling surface to the rolling surface between adjacent tapered rollers or the end-to-end surface between adjacent tapered rollers.
As shown in fig. 1 to 10 and fig. 1 to 11, for a main machine of a rotational type of a grinding bar assembly, the feeding unit 43 is disposed at an entrance of the spiral groove 211, and a frame of the feeding unit 43 maintains a certain relative position with respect to the grinding shell 21. The feeding unit 43 is provided with a feeding passage 431, and the feeding passage 431 intersects the spiral groove 211 at the inlet. In the rotation process of the grinding strip assembly, when any one of the linear grooves 221 is opposite to the feeding channel 431, the feeding unit 43 feeds the tapered roller into the linear groove 221 through the feeding channel 431, and fig. 1 to 11 show an example in which the tapered roller of the horizontal grinding strip assembly rotation type main machine enters the linear groove 221 through the feeding channel 431.
As shown in fig. 1 to 12, for the grinding sleeve rotation type main machine, the feeding unit 43 is disposed at an inlet end of the grinding sleeve 21 located at the spiral groove 211, a frame of the feeding unit 43 and the grinding sleeve 21 maintain a fixed relative position in a direction of an axis 213 of the grinding sleeve, and a frame of the feeding unit 43 and the linear groove 221 maintain a fixed relative position in a circumferential direction of the grinding bar assembly. The area of each linear groove 221, which is located outside and adjacent to the end face of the grinding sleeve 21, is a feeding waiting area 225, and the end face is located at the inlet end of the spiral groove 211. During the rotation of the grinding sleeve, when the inlet of any one of the spiral grooves 211 is opposed to the linear groove 221, the feeding unit 43 feeds the tapered roller into the inlet of the spiral groove 211 through the feeding waiting area 225. Fig. 1 to 12 show an example in which a tapered roller of a vertical grinding sleeve rotary type mainframe passes through a feed waiting area 225 of the linear groove 221 and enters an inlet of the spiral groove 211.
The transmission subsystem is used for transmitting the tapered rollers among units in the outer circulation system.
During the grinding process, the external circulation moving path of the tapered roller in the external circulation system is as follows: from the outlet of the spiral groove 211 to the inlet of the spiral groove 211, the spiral groove passes through a collecting unit 41, a sorting unit 42 and a feeding unit 43 in sequence. The helical movement path of the tapered roller along the helical groove 211 between the grinding bar assembly and the grinding sleeve 21 forms a closed cycle in combination with the outer circulation movement path in the outer circulation system.
As shown in fig. 1 to 11, for the grinding strip assembly rotary type mainframe, the grinding strip assembly fixture further includes an expandable support 226, the expandable support 226 is disposed between two adjacent grinding strips 22, and is connected to the grinding strips 22 or the grinding strip mounting seat 12 fixedly connected to the grinding strips 22, and a surface of the expandable support 226 opposite to an inner surface of the grinding sleeve 21 is in smooth transition with a front surface of the adjacent grinding strip 22. The expandable support 226 is used to provide support for a tapered roller that is about to enter the linear groove 221 opposite the feed channel 431 at the entrance of the helical groove 211 during the revolution of the grinding bar assembly. The expandable support 226 is an expandable structure or a block structure made of a low modulus of elasticity material, and the expandable support 226 expands synchronously in the circumferential direction of the abrasive bar assembly holder when the abrasive bar assembly expands synchronously outward in the radial direction of the abrasive bar assembly holder.
Apparatus example 2: an apparatus for rolling surface finishing of tapered rollers.
The apparatus differs from the apparatus described in apparatus embodiment 1 mainly in that: the lap tool kit of the apparatus employs the lap tool kit as described in lap tool kit embodiment 2.
Apparatus example 3: an apparatus for finishing rolling surface of a tapered roller made of ferromagnetic material (such as GCr15, G20CrNi2MoA, Cr4Mo4V30, etc.).
The apparatus differs mainly from the apparatus described in apparatus embodiment 1 or apparatus embodiment 2 in that:
a cylindrical magnetic structure is arranged at one of the following two positions to form a grinding sleeve magnetic field with magnetic lines distributed on the axial section of the grinding sleeve 21 in the grinding processing area:
1) as shown in fig. 2-1(a) and 2-1(b), fig. 2-1(b) is an enlarged view of the portion C of fig. 2-1(a), the cylindrical magnetic structure 217 is embedded in the solid interior of the polishing sleeve 21, and reference 2171 indicates the magnetic lines of force of the magnetic field of the polishing sleeve.
2) The grinding sleeve clamp further comprises a magnetic sleeve 219 made of a magnetic conductive material, and the grinding sleeve 21 is clamped by the grinding sleeve clamp through the magnetic sleeve 219. As shown in fig. 2-3, the cylindrical magnetic structure 217 'is embedded in the middle of the inner wall of the magnetic sleeve 219, the magnetic sleeve 219 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the polishing sleeve 21, the magnetic sleeve 219 and the polishing sleeve 21 are connected at two ends of the cylindrical magnetic structure 217' to conduct the magnetic field of the polishing sleeve, and reference 2171 is the magnetic line of force of the magnetic field of the polishing sleeve. Since the connection of the two ends is the same, fig. 2-3 only show the connection of the magnetic sleeve 219 to the grinding sleeve 21 at one end of the cylindrical magnetic structure 217'.
The grinding sleeve 21 is made of a magnetically permeable material and the helical grooved working surface one 21111 has one or more helical ribbon magnetically non-permeable materials 218 embedded along the scan path a to increase the magnetic field lines 2171 of the grinding sleeve magnetic field through the solid reluctance of the grinding sleeve 21 at the helical grooved working surface one 21111. In FIGS. 2-1(a), 2-1(b), and 2-3, the first spiral groove working surface 21111 has a strip of spiral magnetic non-conductive material 218 embedded therein.
The width t, the embedding depth d and the distance between two adjacent spiral strip-shaped non-magnetic-conductive materials 218 need to meet the requirements of the spiral groove working surface I21111 on structural strength and rigidity on one hand, and on the other hand, the magnetic force lines 2171 of the grinding sleeve magnetic field in the grinding processing area preferentially pass through the tapered roller which is in contact with the spiral groove working surface I21111 during grinding processing.
The cylindrical magnetic structure can be a permanent magnetic structure or an electromagnetic structure or an electric control permanent magnetic structure. The magnetic conductive material is a soft magnetic structure material with high magnetic permeability, such as soft iron, low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, soft magnetic alloy and the like, and the spiral strip-shaped non-magnetic conductive material 218 is a non-ferromagnetic structure material, such as non-ferrous metal, austenitic stainless steel and the like.
The outer circulation system in the device further comprises a demagnetization unit 44, as shown in fig. 2-1(a), fig. 2-1(b), fig. 2-3 and fig. 2-5 (fig. 2-5 is a schematic view of the outer circulation system of the horizontal grinding strip assembly rotary type host machine including the tapered roller fine machining of the demagnetization unit, the left part of the grinding strip and the expandable support piece are hidden in the figure so as to display that the tapered roller leaves from the outlet of the spiral groove 211, and the demagnetization unit 44 is used for demagnetizing the tapered roller made of ferromagnetic material magnetized by the grinding sleeve magnetic field of the cylindrical magnetic structure.
Apparatus example 4: an apparatus for finishing rolling surface of a tapered roller made of ferromagnetic material (such as GCr15, G20CrNi2MoA, Cr4Mo4V30, etc.).
The apparatus differs from the apparatus described in apparatus embodiment 3 mainly in that:
when the cylindrical magnetic structure 217 is embedded in the solid body of the grinding sleeve 21, as shown in fig. 2-2(a) and fig. 2-2(b), fig. 2-2(b) is an enlargement of the portion D of fig. 2-2(a), the first helical groove working surface 21111 is not embedded with the helical strip-shaped non-magnetic conductive material along the scanning path a, but one or more helical strip-shaped grinding sleeve magnetism isolating grooves 2181 or a plurality of annular strip-shaped grinding sleeve magnetism isolating grooves 2181 are arranged along the scanning path a on the side of the inner cavity of the solid body of the grinding sleeve 21 facing away from the first helical groove working surface to increase the magnetic resistance of the magnetic field lines 2171 of the grinding sleeve at the first helical groove working surface 21111 through the grinding sleeve 21.
When the cylindrical magnetic structure 217' is embedded in the middle of the inner wall of the magnetic sleeve 219, as shown in fig. 2-4, the first spiral groove working surface 21111 is not embedded with a spiral strip-shaped non-magnetic-conductive material along the scanning path a, but one or more spiral strip-shaped magnetic-separation grooves 2181 or a plurality of annular strip-shaped magnetic-separation grooves 2181 are arranged on the outer wall of the grinding sleeve 21 facing away from the first spiral groove working surface along the scanning path a, so as to increase the magnetic resistance of the magnetic lines of force 2171 of the grinding sleeve magnetic field passing through the entity of the grinding sleeve 21 at the first spiral groove working surface 21111.
The width t ', the depth d' and the distance between adjacent grinding sleeve-shaped magnetism isolating grooves 2181 need to meet the requirements of the spiral groove working surface I21111 on structural strength and rigidity on one hand, and on the other hand, the magnetic force lines 2171 of the grinding sleeve magnetic field in the grinding processing area preferentially pass through the tapered roller which is in contact with the spiral groove working surface I21111 during grinding processing.
Method example 1: a method for finishing the rolling surface of a tapered roller.
The method employs an apparatus as described in apparatus example 1 or apparatus example 2 for batch cycle finishing of the rolling surfaces of the tapered rollers.
And a free abrasive grain grinding mode or a fixed abrasive grain grinding mode is adopted.
The material of the linear groove working surface 2211 and the material of the spiral groove working surface 2111 are respectively selected so that under the grinding working condition, the sliding friction driving moment generated by a friction pair formed by the material of the spiral groove working surface 2111 and the material of the tapered roller to the rotation of the tapered roller around the axis of the tapered roller is larger than the sliding friction resisting moment generated by a friction pair formed by the material of the linear groove working surface 2211 and the material of the tapered roller to the rotation of the tapered roller around the axis of the tapered roller, and the tapered roller is driven to continuously rotate around the axis of the tapered roller. When the fixed abrasive particles are used for grinding, the linear groove working surface 2211 is made of the fixed abrasive particle material. When free abrasive grains are adopted for grinding, polytetrafluoroethylene is selected as the material of the linear groove working surface 2211, and polymethyl methacrylate or cast iron is selected as the material of the spiral groove working surface 2111, the conical rollers made of GCr15, G20CrNi2MoA, Cr4Mo4V and the like can continuously rotate around the axes of the conical rollers.
As shown in fig. 1-10, fig. 1-11 and fig. 1-12, during the grinding process, for the main machine of the grinding strip assembly rotating type, the grinding strip assembly is driven by the grinding strip assembly rotating driving part to rotate around the axis 223 of the grinding strip assembly relative to the grinding sleeve 21; for a grinding sleeve rotating type main machine, the grinding sleeve 21 rotates around the axis 213 of the grinding sleeve relative to the grinding strip assembly under the driving of the grinding sleeve rotating driving part.
The grinding rod assembly is driven by the radial expansion mechanism to advance, expand and load towards the inner surface of the grinding sleeve 21 along the radial direction of the grinding rod assembly, and apply working pressure to the tapered rollers distributed in the spiral groove 211, as shown in fig. 1-9(a), fig. 1-9(b), fig. 1-9(c), fig. 1-9(d), fig. 1-9(e), fig. 1-9(f), fig. 1-10 and fig. 1-12.
As shown in fig. 1-11, for a grinding bar assembly rotary-type main machine, a row of tapered rollers is arranged in the feed channel 431 of the feed unit disposed at the entrance of the spiral groove 211 from the near to the far with respect to the grinding bar assembly, the row being a serial row of tapered rollers with rolling surfaces to rolling surfaces between adjacent tapered rollers, wherein the tapered roller closest to the grinding bar assembly that is about to enter the linear groove 221 opposite to the feed channel 431 during the rotation of the grinding bar assembly is supported by the expandable support 226 between the adjacent two grinding bars 22. As the grinding bar assembly revolves relative to the grinding cup 21, when any one of the linear grooves 221 of the grinding bar assembly is opposed to the feed channel 431, the tapered rollers riding on the expandable support 226 enter the linear groove 221 under the action of gravity and/or the urging of the feed unit 43. The grinding bar assembly continues to rotate relative to the grinding sleeve 21, and the tapered roller enters the spiral groove 211 through the entrance of the spiral groove 211 under the pushing action of the linear groove working surface 2211, so as to enter a grinding area surrounded by the spiral groove working surface 2111 and the linear groove working surface 2211. Fig. 1-11 show the tapered rollers of a rotary mainframe of a horizontal grinding bar assembly entering a grinding area.
As shown in fig. 1 to 12, in the case of the polishing-sleeve-rotation-type main body, under the action of the feeding unit 43, a tapered roller is arranged along the linear groove 221 in the feeding waiting area 225 of any linear groove 221, and the contact relationship between the tapered roller and the linear groove face 2211 in the feeding waiting area 225 is the same as the contact relationship between the tapered roller and the linear groove face 2211 in the polishing processing area. The surface of the spiral groove 211 (other than the first spiral groove running surface 21111) exposed at the end face of the grinding sleeve 21 at the entrance end of the spiral groove 211 after the spiral groove 211 is cut off by the end face is denoted as a guide surface 215. As the grinding sleeve 21 revolves relative to the grinding bar assembly, when the guide surface 215 of any one of the spiral grooves 211 opposes the feeding waiting area 225 of the linear groove 221, the tapered roller located in the feeding waiting area 225 enters the inlet of the spiral groove 211 along the linear groove working surface 2211 and the guide surface 215 under the action of gravity and/or the pushing force of the feeding unit 43. The grinding sleeve 21 continues to rotate relative to the grinding bar assembly, on one hand, the tapered roller enters the spiral groove 211 through the inlet under the pushing action of the linear groove working surface 2211, and then enters a grinding area surrounded by the spiral groove working surface 2111 and the linear groove working surface 2211; on the other hand, the next tapered roller enters the feed waiting area 225 by the feed unit 43, and waits for the guide surface 215 or the guide surface 215 of the next spiral groove 211 to enter the spiral groove 211 through the entrance of the spiral groove 211 while facing the linear groove 221. Fig. 1-12 show the situation that the tapered roller of the vertical grinding sleeve rotary type main machine enters the grinding processing area.
The rolling surfaces 32 of the tapered rollers in the grinding zone are in line contact with the V-shaped sides of the straight groove land 2211 and with the spiral groove land one 21111, respectively, see fig. 1-6 and 1-8. Under the friction drive of the spiral groove working surface 2111, the tapered roller rotates around the axis of the tapered roller. At the same time, the tapered rollers move along the linear grooves 221 and the helical grooves 211 by the pushing action of the helical groove land 2111 and the linear groove land 2211, respectively. The rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller slides relative to the spiral groove working surface 2111 and the linear groove working surface 2211, so that the grinding processing of the rolling surface 32 of the tapered roller is realized. While the tapered roller penetrates through the spiral groove 211 and exits the grinding area from the outlet of the spiral groove 211.
The tapered rollers departing from the grinding area enter the grinding area from the outlet of the spiral groove 211, sequentially pass through the collecting unit 41, the arranging unit 42 and the feeding unit 43, and pass through the groove inlet of the spiral groove 211 again, and the process is continuously circulated until the tapered rollers of the whole batch reach the specified technical index.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, starting the radial expansion mechanism to make the grinding strip assembly advance to the inner surface of the grinding sleeve 21 along the radial direction thereof, so that the space of the grinding processing area at each intersection of the spiral groove 211 and the linear groove 221 can accommodate only one tapered roller.
And step two, starting the grinding strip assembly rotation driving part or the grinding sleeve rotation driving part to enable the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve 21 to relatively rotate at an initial speed of 0-10 rpm.
And step three, starting the transmission subsystem, the finishing unit 42 and the feeding unit 43. The feeding speed of the feeding unit 43 is adjusted to match the initial speed of the relative rotation of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve 21. The conveying speed of the conveying subsystem and the finishing speed of the finishing unit 42 are adjusted to match the feeding speed of the feeding unit 43. Thereby establishing a closed cycle of helical movement of the tapered rollers along the helical groove 211 between the grinding bar assembly and the grinding sleeve 21 and collection, collation and feeding via the external circulation system.
And step four, adjusting the relative rotating speed of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve 21 to a working rotating speed of 5-60 rpm, adjusting the feeding speed of the feeding unit 43 to a working feeding speed to enable the feeding speed to be matched with the working rotating speed of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve 21, and adjusting the transmission speed of the transmission subsystem and the arrangement speed of the arrangement unit 42 to enable the storage quantity matching and the smooth and orderly outer circulation of the tapered rollers at all positions of the collection unit 41, the arrangement unit 42, the feeding unit 43 and the transmission subsystem in the outer circulation system.
And step five, filling grinding fluid into the grinding area.
Step six, comprising:
1) the radial expansion mechanism is adjusted to further move the grinding bar assembly along the radial direction toward the inner surface of the grinding sleeve 21 until the rolling surfaces 32 of the tapered rollers in the grinding processing area are in line contact with the V-shaped two side surfaces of the linear groove working surface 2211 and the first spiral groove working surface 21111 respectively.
2) And adjusting the radial expansion mechanism to averagely apply 0.5-2N initial pressure to each tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area.
The tapered roller rotates around its axis under the friction drive of the working surface 2111 of the spiral groove, and simultaneously moves along the linear groove 221 and the spiral groove 211 respectively under the pushing action of the working surface 2111 of the spiral groove and the working surface 2211 of the linear groove. The rolling surface 32 slides relative to the helical groove land 2111 and the linear groove land 2211, and the rolling surface 32 begins to undergo grinding of the helical groove land 2111 and the linear groove land 2211.
And seventhly, with the stable operation of the grinding processing process, further adjusting the radial expansion mechanism, and averagely applying 2-50N of working pressure to each tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area. The tapered roller maintains the contact relationship with the spiral groove working surface 2111 and the linear groove working surface 2211, the rotational movement around the axis thereof, and the movement relationship along the linear groove 221 and the spiral groove 211 of step six, and the rolling surface 32 continues to be subjected to the grinding processing of the spiral groove working surface 2111 and the linear groove working surface 2211.
Step eight, after a period of grinding processing, performing sampling inspection on the tapered roller; when the surface quality, shape accuracy and dimensional uniformity of the rolling surface 32 have not yet reached the specifications, the grinding process of this step is continued. When the surface quality, shape accuracy and dimensional uniformity of the rolling surface 32 meet the specifications, the process proceeds to step nine.
And step nine, gradually reducing the pressure applied to the tapered roller and finally reaching zero. And stopping the operation of the arranging unit 42, the feeding unit 43 and the conveying subsystem, and adjusting the relative rotating speed of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve 21 to zero. And stopping filling the grinding liquid into the grinding area. The abrasive strip assembly is retracted radially to its inoperative position.
Method example 2: a method for finishing the rolling surface of a tapered roller made of ferromagnetic material (such as GCr15, G20CrNi2MoA, Cr4Mo4V, etc.).
The method differs from the method described in method example 1 mainly in that:
the method adopts the equipment as described in the equipment embodiment 3 or the equipment embodiment 4, and is used for batch circulation finishing of the rolling surface of the tapered roller made of ferromagnetic materials.
By adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the grinding sleeve magnetic field of the cylindrical magnetic structure, the spiral groove working surface 2111 generates a strong enough magnetic attraction force on the tapered roller, so that the sliding friction driving moment generated by the spiral groove working surface 2111 on the rotation of the tapered roller around the axis of the spiral groove working surface 2111 is larger than the sliding friction resisting moment generated by the linear groove working surface 2211 on the rotation of the tapered roller around the axis of the straight groove working surface 2211, and the tapered roller is driven to rotate continuously around the axis of the straight groove working surface, as shown in fig. 2-1(a), fig. 2-1(b), fig. 2-2(a), fig. 2-2(b), fig. 2-3, fig. 2-4 and fig. 2-5.
Wherein the specific steps of the method differ from the specific steps of the method of method embodiment 1 in that:
and step three, starting the transmission subsystem, the sorting unit 42, the feeding unit 43 and the demagnetization unit 44. The feeding speed of the feeding unit 43 is adjusted to match the initial speed of the relative rotation of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve 21. The conveying speed of the conveying subsystem and the finishing speed of the finishing unit 42 are adjusted to match the feeding speed of the feeding unit 43. Thereby establishing a closed cycle of helical movement of the tapered rollers along the helical groove 211 between the grinding bar assembly and the grinding sleeve 21 and collection, collation and feeding via the external circulation system.
Step six, wherein:
2) and adjusting the radial expansion mechanism to averagely apply 0.5-2N initial pressure to each tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area.
The cylindrical magnetic structure enters a working state, and the magnetic field intensity of a grinding sleeve magnetic field of the cylindrical magnetic structure is adjusted, so that the sliding friction driving moment generated by the spiral groove working surface 2111 on the rotation of the tapered roller around the axis of the tapered roller is larger than the sliding friction resisting moment generated by the linear groove working surface 2211 on the rotation of the tapered roller around the axis of the tapered roller, and the tapered roller is driven to rotate around the axis of the tapered roller. At the same time, the tapered roller moves along the linear groove 221 and the helical groove 211 by the pushing action of the helical groove land 2111 and the linear groove land 2211. The rolling surface 32 slides relative to the helical groove land 2111 and the linear groove land 2211, and the rolling surface 32 begins to undergo grinding of the helical groove land 2111 and the linear groove land 2211.
And step nine, gradually reducing the pressure applied to the tapered roller and finally reaching zero. And stopping the operation of the arranging unit 42, the feeding unit 43 and the conveying subsystem, and adjusting the relative rotating speed of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve 21 to zero. The cylindrical magnetic structure is switched to a non-operating state. The demagnetization unit 44 is stopped from operating. And stopping filling the grinding liquid into the grinding area. The abrasive strip assembly is retracted radially to its inoperative position.

Claims (8)

1. A lapping kit for rolling surface finishing of tapered rollers, comprising a lapping sleeve (21) and a lapping strip assembly; during grinding, the grinding sleeve (21) is coaxial with the grinding strip assembly, and the grinding strip assembly penetrates through the grinding sleeve (21); one or more spiral grooves (211) are formed in the inner surface of the grinding sleeve (21), and the spiral grooves (211) are cylindrical spiral grooves; the grinding strip assembly comprises at least 3 grinding strips (22) distributed in a circumferential columnar array, the surface, opposite to the inner surface of the grinding sleeve (21), of each grinding strip (22) is the front surface of the grinding strip (22), and the front surface of each grinding strip (22) is provided with a linear groove (221) penetrating through the grinding strip (22) along the length direction of the grinding strip (22);
the surface of the spiral groove (211) comprises a spiral groove working surface (2111) which is contacted with a tapered roller to be processed in grinding processing, and the surface of the linear groove (221) comprises a linear groove working surface (2211) which is contacted with the tapered roller in grinding processing;
during grinding, a tapered roller is distributed at each intersection of the spiral groove (211) and the linear groove (221); corresponding to each intersection, the area formed by the surrounding of the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211) is a grinding area; the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve (21) are relatively rotated around the axis (223) of the grinding strip assembly, and the grinding strips (22) apply working pressure to conical rollers distributed in the spiral grooves (211) along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly; in the grinding area, the tapered rollers are respectively contacted with the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211); the tapered roller rotates around the axis of the tapered roller under the friction drive of the spiral groove working surface (2111), and simultaneously moves along the spiral groove (211) and the linear groove (221) under the pushing action of the linear groove working surface (2211) and the spiral groove working surface (2111), and the rolling surface (32) of the tapered roller slides relative to the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211), so that the grinding processing of the rolling surface (32) is realized;
the spiral groove working surface (2111) is arranged on a spiral groove scanning surface (2112), the spiral groove scanning surface (2112) is a scanning surface with a uniform cross section, and the spiral groove working surface (2111) is continuous or intermittent; the tapered roller is used as a scanning profile A of the entity scanning of the spiral groove scanning surface (2112), and a scanning path A of the spiral groove scanning surface (2112) is a cylindrical screwA spiral line passing through the center of mass (O) of the tapered roller2) The scanning path A of the grinding sleeve is recorded as a cylindrical spiral line A (2121), all the cylindrical spiral lines A (2121) are on the same cylindrical surface, and the axis of the cylindrical spiral line A (2121) is the axis of the grinding sleeve (21);
the linear groove working surface (2211) is arranged on a linear groove scanning surface (2212), the linear groove scanning surface (2212) is a scanning surface with a uniform cross section, and the linear groove working surface (2211) is continuous or discontinuous; the scanning profile B of the solid scanning of the linear groove scanning surface (2212) by the tapered roller is taken as the scanning profile B of the solid scanning of the linear groove scanning surface (2212), the scanning path B of the linear groove scanning surface (2212) is a straight line parallel to the array axis of the grinding strip assembly, and the scanning profile B passes through the mass center (O) of the tapered roller2) Is recorded as a straight line B (2221), the distance from the straight line B (2221) to the array axis is the array radius, and the array axis is the axis of the abrasive bar assembly;
and during grinding, the radius of the array is equal to that of the cylindrical spiral line A (2121).
2. The lapping kit for rolling surface finishing of a tapered roller according to claim 1, wherein an axis (31) of the tapered roller as the scanning profile B is within an axial section of the grinding bar assembly, an angle between the axis (31) of the tapered roller and the straight line B (2221) is denoted by γ, and a half cone angle of the tapered roller is denoted by γ
Figure FDA0003193833180000023
Figure FDA0003193833180000024
The scanning profile B is physically scanned along the scanning path B, and both sides of a V shape formed by enveloping rolling surfaces (32) of conical rollers serving as the scanning profile B on the front surface of the grinding strip (22) are the linear groove scanning surfaces (2212); the scanning path A is a cylindrical equidistant spiral line; the axis (31) of the tapered roller as the scanning profile A is in the axial section of the grinding sleeve (21), the axis of the tapered rollerThe included angle between the axis (31) and the axis (213) of the grinding sleeve is recorded as delta, and the delta is gamma; the scanning profile A is physically scanned along the scanning path A, and a groove surface formed by the rolling surface (32) of the tapered roller serving as the scanning profile A and the large head end surface envelope on the inner surface of the grinding sleeve (21) is the spiral groove scanning surface (2112); the big-end surface comprises a spherical base surface (33) of the tapered roller or further comprises an end face rounding (34) of the big end.
3. The lapping kit for rolling surface finishing of a tapered roller according to claim 1, wherein an axis (31) of the tapered roller as the scanning profile B is within an axial section of the grinding bar assembly, an angle between the axis (31) of the tapered roller and the straight line B (2221) is denoted by γ, and a half cone angle of the tapered roller is denoted by γ
Figure FDA0003193833180000021
Figure FDA0003193833180000022
The scanning profile B is physically scanned along the scanning path B, and both sides of a V shape formed by enveloping rolling surfaces (32) of conical rollers serving as the scanning profile B on the front surface of the grinding strip (22) are the linear groove scanning surfaces (2212); the scanning path A is a cylindrical equidistant spiral line; the axis (31) of the tapered roller as the scanning profile A is in the axial section of the grinding sleeve (21), and the included angle between the axis (31) of the tapered roller and the axis (213) of the grinding sleeve is represented as delta, wherein delta is gamma; the scanning profile A is physically scanned along the scanning path A, and a groove surface formed by the rolling surface (32) of the tapered roller serving as the scanning profile A and the large head end surface envelope on the inner surface of the grinding sleeve (21) is the spiral groove scanning surface (2112); the big-head end surface comprises a spherical base surface (33) of the tapered roller or comprises an end face rounding (34) of a big-head end of the tapered roller or comprises the spherical base surface (33) and an end face rounding (34) of a big-head end.
4. The grinding tool set for finishing the rolling surface of a tapered roller according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a surface of the spiral groove (211) which comes into contact with the rolling surface (32) during grinding is referred to as a first spiral groove working surface (21111), and the grinding tool set is used for finishing the rolling surface of a tapered roller made of a ferromagnetic material; the grinding sleeve (21) is made of a magnetic conductive material, a cylindrical magnetic structure (217) is embedded in the solid body of the grinding sleeve (21) so as to form a grinding sleeve magnetic field with magnetic lines distributed on the axial section of the grinding sleeve (21) in the grinding processing area; one or more spiral strip-shaped non-magnetic-conductive materials (218) are embedded in the first spiral groove working surface (21111) along the scanning path A, or one or more spiral strip-shaped magnetic-isolation grooves (2181) or a plurality of annular strip-shaped magnetic-isolation grooves (2181) are formed in one side, facing away from the inner cavity of the entity of the grinding sleeve (21) of the first spiral groove working surface, of the grinding sleeve along the scanning path A, so that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic lines of force (2171) of the grinding sleeve magnetic field passing through the entity of the grinding sleeve (21721) at the first spiral groove working surface (21111) is increased.
5. An apparatus for rolling surface finishing of a tapered roller, comprising a main machine, an external circulation system, a grinding sleeve holder, a grinding bar assembly holder, and a lap kit for rolling surface finishing of a tapered roller according to claim 2 or 3;
the grinding sleeve clamp is used for clamping the grinding sleeve (21);
the grinding strip assembly clamp is used for clamping the grinding strip assembly; the grinding strip assembly clamp comprises a group of grinding strip mounting seats (12) which are distributed in a circumferential columnar array and used for fixedly connecting the grinding strips (22) and a radial expansion mechanism positioned in the center of the grinding strip assembly clamp; the back surface of the grinding strip (22) is fixedly connected with the surface of the grinding strip mounting seat (12) positioned on the periphery of the grinding strip assembly clamp; the radial expansion mechanism comprises a radial expansion part and a basic mandrel which is coaxial with the grinding strip assembly; the abrasive bar assembly axis (223) is the abrasive bar assembly fixture axis; the basic mandrel is connected to the host; the radial expansion part is respectively connected with the grinding strip mounting seat (12) and the basic mandrel and is used for driving all the grinding strip mounting seats (12) and grinding strips (22) on the grinding strip mounting seats to synchronously expand outwards along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly clamp and transmitting torque between the basic mandrel and the grinding strip mounting seat (12);
according to different relative rotation modes of the grinding tool kit, the configuration of the main machine is a grinding strip assembly rotation type or a grinding sleeve rotation type; for a grinding strip assembly rotary type host, the host comprises a grinding strip assembly rotary driving part and a grinding sleeve clamp clamping part; the grinding strip assembly rotary driving component is used for clamping a basic mandrel in the grinding strip assembly clamp and driving the grinding strip assembly to rotate; the grinding sleeve clamp clamping part is used for clamping the grinding sleeve clamp; for a grinding sleeve rotation type main machine, the main machine comprises a grinding sleeve rotation driving part and a grinding strip assembly clamp clamping part; the grinding sleeve rotation driving part is used for clamping the grinding sleeve clamp and driving the grinding sleeve (21) to rotate; the grinding strip assembly clamp clamping component is used for clamping a basic mandrel in the grinding strip assembly clamp;
the external circulation system comprises a collecting unit (41), a sorting unit (42), a feeding unit (43) and a transmission subsystem;
the collecting unit (41) is arranged at the outlet of each spiral groove (211) and is used for collecting the tapered rollers which leave the grinding processing area from the outlet of each spiral groove (211);
the arranging unit (42) is used for arranging the tapered rollers into a queue required by the feeding unit (43) and adjusting the direction of the small end of each tapered roller to be consistent;
according to the different configurations of the main machine, the arrangement position and the working mode of the feeding unit (43) in the equipment are respectively as follows:
1) for a grinding strip assembly rotary type main machine, the feeding unit (43) is arranged at the inlet of the spiral groove (211), and the frame of the feeding unit (43) and the grinding sleeve (21) are kept in a fixed relative position; the feeding unit (43) is provided with a feeding channel (431), and the feeding channel (431) is intersected with the spiral groove (211) at the inlet; the feeding unit (43) is used for feeding the tapered rollers into the linear groove (221) through the feeding channel (431);
2) for the grinding sleeve rotation type main machine, the feeding unit (43) is arranged at one end, located at the inlet of the spiral groove (211), of the grinding sleeve (21), the frame of the feeding unit (43) and the grinding sleeve (21) are kept at fixed relative positions in the direction of the axis (213) of the grinding sleeve, and the frame of the feeding unit (43) and the linear groove are kept at fixed relative positions in the circumferential direction of the grinding strip assembly; the area of each linear groove (221) which is positioned outside the end surface of the grinding sleeve (21) and close to the end surface is a feeding waiting area (225), and the end surface is positioned at the inlet end of the spiral groove (211); the feeding unit (43) is used for feeding the tapered roller into the inlet of the spiral groove (211) through the feeding waiting area (225);
the transmission subsystem is used for transmitting the tapered rollers among units in the outer circulation system;
during the grinding process, the external circulation moving path of the tapered roller in the external circulation system is as follows: the spiral groove (211) is sequentially communicated with the inlet of the spiral groove (211) through a collecting unit (41), a sorting unit (42) and a feeding unit (43); the tapered roller forms a closed cycle between the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve (21) along the spiral moving path of the spiral groove (211) and the outer circulation moving path in the outer circulation system;
the radial expansion mechanism is one of a conical surface radial expansion mechanism, a communication type fluid pressure radial expansion mechanism and a micro-displacement unit radial expansion mechanism.
6. The apparatus for rolling surface finishing of a tapered roller according to claim 5, wherein a surface of the spiral groove (211) that comes into contact with the rolling surface (32) at the time of grinding is referred to as a spiral groove land one (21111), and is used for rolling surface finishing of a tapered roller made of a ferromagnetic material; the grinding sleeve (21) is made of a magnetic conductive material; a cylindrical magnetic structure is arranged at one of the following two positions to form a grinding sleeve magnetic field with magnetic lines distributed on the axial section of the grinding sleeve (21) in the grinding processing area:
1) the cylindrical magnetic structure is embedded in the solid interior of the grinding sleeve (21); one or more spiral strip-shaped non-magnetic-conductive materials (218) are embedded in the first spiral groove working surface (21111) along the scanning path A, or one or more spiral strip-shaped grinding sleeve magnetism isolating grooves (2181) or a plurality of annular strip-shaped grinding sleeve magnetism isolating grooves (2181) are arranged on the side, facing away from the inner cavity of the entity of the grinding sleeve (21), of the first spiral groove working surface along the scanning path A, so that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic lines of force (2171) of the grinding sleeve magnetic field at the entity of the first spiral groove working surface (21111) through the grinding sleeve (21) is increased;
2) the grinding sleeve clamp further comprises a magnetic sleeve (219) made of a magnetic conductive material, and the grinding sleeve clamp clamps the grinding sleeve (21) through the magnetic sleeve (219); the middle part of the inner wall of the magnetic sleeve (219) is embedded with the cylindrical magnetic structure, the magnetic sleeve (219) is sleeved on the periphery of the grinding sleeve (21), and the magnetic sleeve (219) and the grinding sleeve (21) are connected at two ends of the cylindrical magnetic structure to conduct the magnetic field of the grinding sleeve; one or more spiral strip-shaped non-magnetic-conductive materials (218) are embedded in the first spiral groove working surface (21111) along the scanning path A, or one or more spiral strip-shaped grinding sleeve magnetism isolating grooves (2181) or a plurality of annular strip-shaped grinding sleeve magnetism isolating grooves (2181) are arranged on the outer wall of the grinding sleeve (21) opposite to the first spiral groove working surface along the scanning path A, so that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic lines of force (2171) of the grinding sleeve magnetic field at the first spiral groove working surface (21111) through the grinding sleeve (21) is increased;
the outer circulation system further comprises a demagnetization unit (44), wherein the demagnetization unit (44) is used for demagnetizing the ferromagnetic tapered roller which is magnetized by the grinding sleeve magnetic field of the cylindrical magnetic structure.
7. A method for rolling surface finishing of a tapered roller, characterized in that batch cycle finishing of the rolling surface of a tapered roller is carried out using the apparatus for rolling surface finishing of a tapered roller according to claim 5, comprising the steps of:
step one, starting the radial expansion mechanism to enable the grinding strip assembly to approach towards the inner surface of the grinding sleeve (21) along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly, and enabling the space of the grinding processing area at each intersection of the spiral groove (211) and the linear groove (221) to be capable of accommodating only one tapered roller:
starting the grinding strip assembly rotary driving part or the grinding sleeve rotary driving part to enable the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve (21) to relatively rotate at an initial speed of 0-10 rpm;
step three, starting the transmission subsystem, the sorting unit (42) and the feeding unit (43); adjusting the operating speeds of the feeding unit (43), transport subsystem and collating unit (42) so as to establish a closed cycle of helical movement of the tapered rollers along the helical groove (211) between the grinding bar assembly and grinding sleeve (21) and collection, collation and feeding via the external circulation system;
adjusting the relative rotating speed of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve (21) to a working rotating speed of 5-60 rpm, and further adjusting the operating speeds of the feeding unit (43), the conveying subsystem and the arranging unit (42), so that the storage quantity of tapered rollers at all positions of the collecting unit (41), the arranging unit (42), the feeding unit (43) and the conveying subsystem in the external circulation system is matched, and the external circulation is smooth and ordered;
step five, adding grinding fluid into the grinding area;
step six, comprising:
1) adjusting the radial expansion mechanism to enable the grinding strip assembly to further move towards the inner surface of the grinding sleeve (21) along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly until the tapered rollers in the grinding processing area are respectively contacted with the linear groove working surface (2211) and the spiral groove working surface (2111);
2) further adjusting the radial expansion mechanism, and averagely applying 0.5-2N of initial pressure to each tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area; the tapered roller rotates around the axis of the tapered roller under the friction drive of the spiral groove working surface (2111), and simultaneously moves along the linear groove (221) and the spiral groove (211) under the pushing action of the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211) respectively; the rolling surface (32) slides relative to the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211), and the rolling surface (32) is subjected to grinding processing of the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211);
seventhly, with the stable operation of the grinding processing process, further adjusting the radial expansion mechanism, and averagely applying 2-50N of working pressure to each tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area; the tapered roller keeps the contact relationship with the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211) in the step six, rotates around the axis of the tapered roller and moves along the linear groove (221) and the spiral groove (211), and the rolling surface (32) is continuously subjected to grinding processing of the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211);
step eight, after a period of grinding processing, performing sampling inspection on the tapered roller; when the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface (32) do not meet the technical requirements, continuing the grinding processing of the step; when the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface (32) meet the technical requirements, entering the step nine;
step nine, gradually reducing the pressure applied to the tapered roller and finally reaching zero; stopping the operation of the arranging unit (42), the feeding unit (43) and the transmission subsystem, and adjusting the relative rotating speed of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve (21) to zero; stopping filling the grinding liquid into the grinding area; the abrasive strip assembly is retracted radially to its inoperative position.
8. A method for finishing a rolling surface of a tapered roller, characterized in that a batch-cycle finishing of a rolling surface of a tapered roller of a ferromagnetic material is carried out by using the apparatus for finishing a rolling surface of a tapered roller according to claim 6, comprising the steps of:
step one, starting the radial expansion mechanism to enable the grinding strip assembly to approach towards the inner surface of the grinding sleeve (21) along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly, and enabling the space of the grinding processing area at each intersection of the spiral groove (211) and the linear groove (221) to be capable of accommodating only one tapered roller:
starting the grinding strip assembly rotary driving part or the grinding sleeve rotary driving part to enable the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve (21) to relatively rotate at an initial speed of 0-10 rpm;
step three, starting the transmission subsystem, the sorting unit (42), the feeding unit (43) and the demagnetization unit (44); adjusting the operating speeds of the feeding unit (43), transport subsystem and collating unit (42) so as to establish a closed cycle of helical movement of the tapered rollers along the helical groove (211) between the grinding bar assembly and grinding sleeve (21) and collection, collation and feeding via the external circulation system;
adjusting the relative rotating speed of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve (21) to a working rotating speed of 5-60 rpm, and further adjusting the operating speeds of the feeding unit (43), the conveying subsystem and the arranging unit (42), so that the storage quantity of tapered rollers at all positions of the collecting unit (41), the arranging unit (42), the feeding unit (43) and the conveying subsystem in the external circulation system is matched, and the external circulation is smooth and ordered;
step five, adding grinding fluid into the grinding area;
step six, comprising:
1) adjusting the radial expansion mechanism to enable the grinding strip assembly to further move towards the inner surface of the grinding sleeve (21) along the radial direction of the grinding strip assembly until the tapered rollers in the grinding processing area are respectively contacted with the linear groove working surface (2211) and the spiral groove working surface (2111);
2) further adjusting the radial expansion mechanism, and averagely applying initial pressure of 0.5-2N to each tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area;
the cylindrical magnetic structure enters a working state, and the magnetic field intensity of the grinding sleeve magnetic field is adjusted, so that the tapered roller is driven to rotate around the axis of the tapered roller; meanwhile, the tapered roller moves along the linear groove (221) and the spiral groove (211) under the pushing action of the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211) respectively; the rolling surface (32) slides relative to the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211), and the rolling surface (32) is subjected to grinding processing of the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211);
seventhly, with the stable operation of the grinding processing process, further adjusting the radial expansion mechanism, and averagely applying 2-50N of working pressure to each tapered roller distributed in the grinding processing area; the tapered roller keeps the contact relationship with the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211) in the step six, rotates around the axis of the tapered roller and moves along the linear groove (221) and the spiral groove (211), and the rolling surface (32) is continuously subjected to grinding processing of the spiral groove working surface (2111) and the linear groove working surface (2211);
step eight, after a period of grinding processing, performing sampling inspection on the tapered roller; when the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface (32) do not meet the technical requirements, continuing the grinding processing of the step; when the surface quality, the shape precision and the size consistency of the rolling surface (32) meet the technical requirements, entering the step nine;
step nine, gradually reducing the pressure applied to the tapered roller and finally reaching zero; stopping the operation of the arranging unit (42), the feeding unit (43) and the transmission subsystem, and adjusting the relative rotating speed of the grinding strip assembly and the grinding sleeve (21) to zero; the cylindrical magnetic structure is switched to a non-working state, and the operation of the demagnetization unit (44) is stopped; stopping filling the grinding liquid into the grinding area; the abrasive strip assembly is retracted radially to its inoperative position.
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