CN113598032B - Device and method for controlling soil ecological water level in open-pit mine dump - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for controlling the soil ecological water level of an open-pit mine dump. The method includes: determining the selected dominant plants according to the location, climate, geology, hydrology and soil conditions of the open-pit mine; determining the recharge water level of the dominant plants The laying depth of the water replenishment unit; when each platform is discarded from bottom to top, the water replenishment unit on each platform is pre-laid; if the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture monitor is lower than the preset warning value, the control module controls the water replenishment unit to perform quantitative water replenishment. On the basis of the ecological water level, the invention pays attention to the ecological environment of the artificial soil dump without groundwater, and adopts artificial auxiliary measures to achieve the open-pit mine dump site by maintaining the water content of the vegetation water-requiring soil of the similar ecological water level on the basis of the dominant plants. Compared with traditional surface watering, the purpose of vegetation optimization and cultivation has the advantages of low cost and less labor.

Description

Device and method for controlling soil ecological water level in open-pit mine dump

technical field

The invention relates to the field of ecological environmental protection of open-pit mine dumps, in particular to a soil ecological water level control device and method for open-pit mine dumps.

Background technique

Most of the open-pit coal mines in my country are located in ecologically fragile areas. In order to protect the mining work area, the main method is to control the groundwater by dredging and draining. In order to solve the problems of water resources and ecological environment caused by open-pit coal mining, the industry has put forward a variety of ideas and solutions. At present, the best application is the underground anti-seepage curtain interception technology, but it is aimed at the hydrological and ecological protection of non-mining work areas such as dumps. The plan has not yet been paid attention to and developed. As part of the industrial land, the dumping ground ensures its ecological groundwater level, which is conducive to the realization of damage reduction, water conservation and green mining.

The paper "Research on Active Water Conservation Technology of Open-pit Coal Mine Based on Guaranteeing Ecological Groundwater Level" in "Coal Science and Technology" discloses an active water-preserving technology for open-pit coal mines, including clarifying the supply source and supply channel of mine water, and determining the appropriate water interception curtain route and roof. The bottom position of the curtain is to ensure that the bottom of the curtain enters the stable water-proof layer and the top is higher than the historical water level. According to local conditions, the trench-type intercepting curtain or the drilling grouting curtain method and its supporting anti-seepage materials are selected, and the diving is intercepted by constructing a continuous curtain wall. The aquifer laterally recharges the pit. The groundwater level in the open-pit mining area using this technology can be restored to the original water level, and the vegetation can be gradually restored. However, this technology is aimed at mining and surrounding areas, using the dynamic characteristics of groundwater to recharge homeopathically, and cannot be recharged to the dump area far above the diving elevation.

To sum up, in the prior art, the devices and methods for controlling the soil ecological water level in the dump area have not been explained too much. At present, various mines generally take measures such as watering and greening according to policy requirements, which wastes water resources and cannot form self-replacement. The advantageous vegetation is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is not conducive to the construction of green mines.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a device and method for controlling the soil ecological water level in an open-pit mine dump site.

In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A soil ecological water level control device for an open-pit mine dump site, comprising: a surface water pump room, a main pipeline connected to the surface water pump room, a water replenishing unit connected to the main pipeline, the water replenishing unit comprising an auxiliary pipeline connected to the main pipeline, and the auxiliary pipeline is close to the main pipeline. One end of the main pipeline is provided with a main valve, and several water supply pipes are evenly arranged on the auxiliary pipeline. The end of the water supply pipe close to the auxiliary pipeline is provided with auxiliary valves. Several water supply holes are evenly arranged on the water supply pipe, and several intermediate moisture monitors are evenly arranged on the water supply pipe. The end of the water supply pipe away from the auxiliary pipeline is provided with an end moisture monitor, and the water supply unit is controlled by a control module.

Preferably, the control module includes a drought early warning module, a water quantity control module, and a real-time display module; the intermediate moisture monitor and the end moisture monitor are connected to the drought early warning module, the drought early warning module is connected to the water quantity control module, and the water replenishment unit is controlled by the water quantity control module. For water replenishment, the intermediate moisture monitor, the end moisture monitor, the drought warning module, and the water quantity control module are respectively connected with the real-time display module.

The present invention also provides a method for controlling the soil ecological water level of an open pit dump, comprising:

S1: Determine the dominant plants selected according to the location, climate, geology, hydrology and soil conditions of the open-pit mine; the recharge water level of the dominant plants determines the laying depth of the recharge unit;

S2: When the platform of the first layer is discarded from the bottom to the top, the water replenishment unit of the platform of the first layer shall be pre-laid;

S3: When the middle layer platform is discarded in sequence from bottom to top, the water replenishment unit of the middle layer platform shall be pre-laid respectively;

S4: When the uppermost platform is discarded, the water replenishment unit of the uppermost platform is pre-laid;

S5: If the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture monitor is lower than the preset warning value, the control module controls the water replenishment unit to perform quantitative replenishment.

Preferably, the method for determining the dominant plant in step S1 is as follows:

A _i = i _{relative density} + i _{relative coverage} + i _{relative frequency}

A=Max(A _i )

Among them, A _i is the dominance value of the ith plant, the relative density of i is the _{relative density} of the ith plant, the relative coverage of i is the _{relative coverage of} the ith plant, and the _{relative frequency of} i is the relative density of the ith plant. Frequency, i = 1, 2, ..., n, n is the total number of plant species, A is the dominant value of the dominant plant.

Preferably, in steps S2 and S3, the water replenishing units are laid obliquely upward from the periphery of the platform to the center, and the included angle between the water replenishing units and the horizontal direction is 0-3°.

Preferably, the method for determining that the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture monitor in step S5 is lower than the preset warning value is as follows:

When Q>Q _end and Q>Min(Q _j ), it is determined that the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture monitor is lower than the preset warning value, and the water quantity control module controls the water replenishment unit to perform quantitative replenishment;

Among them, Q is the preset early warning value, Q _terminal is the soil moisture value monitored by the terminal moisture monitor, Q _j is the soil moisture value monitored by the j-th intermediate moisture monitor on the water supply pipe, j=1 , 2, ..., m, m is the number of intermediate moisture monitors on the water supply pipe.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention:

On the basis of the ecological water level, the invention pays attention to the ecological environment of the artificial soil dump without groundwater, and adopts artificial auxiliary measures to achieve the open-pit mine dump site by maintaining the water content of the vegetation water-requiring soil of the similar ecological water level on the basis of the dominant plants. Compared with traditional surface watering, the purpose of vegetation optimization and cultivation has the advantages of low cost and less labor.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only For some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the laying of the device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water replenishing unit;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the main pipeline and the water supply unit;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control module.

In the figure, 1. Surface pump house; 2. Main pipeline; 3. Water supply unit; 3-1, Auxiliary pipeline; 3-2, Main valve; 3-3, Water supply pipe; 3-4, Sub-valve; 3-5 , replenishment hole; 3-6, middle moisture monitor; 3-7, end moisture monitor.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example

Take Nortel Shengli Open-pit Coal Mine in Xilinhot City as an example:

The present invention provides a soil ecological water level control device for an open pit mine dump site, as shown in Figs. Unit 3, the water replenishment unit 3 includes an auxiliary pipeline 3-1 connected to the main pipeline 2. The end of the auxiliary pipeline 3-1 close to the main pipeline 2 is provided with a main valve 3-2, and four water supply pipes are evenly arranged on the auxiliary pipeline 3-1 3-3, the end of the water supply pipe 3-3 close to the auxiliary pipe 3-1 is provided with a sub valve 3-4, the water supply pipe 3-3 is evenly opened with 6 water supply holes 3-5, and the water supply pipe 3-3 is evenly arranged 2 There is an intermediate moisture monitor 3-6, the end of the water replenishment pipe 3-3 away from the auxiliary pipeline 3-1 is provided with an end moisture monitor 3-7, and the replenishment unit 3 is controlled by a control module. The control module includes a drought early warning module, a water volume control module, and a real-time display module; the intermediate moisture monitors 3-6 and the end moisture monitors 3-7 are connected to the drought early warning module, and the drought early warning module is connected to the water volume control module, and the water volume control module is connected to the water volume control module. To control the water replenishment amount of the water replenishment unit 3, the intermediate moisture monitor 3-6, the end moisture monitor 3-7, the drought early warning module, and the water quantity control module are respectively connected with the real-time display module.

According to the mine development plan, there are three platforms from bottom to top in the north dump, each platform is 10 meters high, the first platform from bottom to top has an area of 1 square kilometer, and the third platform from bottom to top has an area of 0.6 square meters. kilometer. According to the 30-meter elevation of the dump site, the power parameters of the pump machine of the surface pump house 1 are determined.

The present invention also provides a method for controlling the soil ecological water level of an open pit dump, comprising:

S1: Determine the dominant plants selected according to the location, climate, geology, hydrology and soil conditions of the open-pit mine; the water supply level of the dominant plants determines the laying depth of the water supply unit 3; the laying depth of the water supply unit 3 is the distance between the water supply unit 3 and the upper surface of the platform distance. The dominant plants are determined as follows:

A _i = i _{relative density} + i _{relative coverage} + i _{relative frequency}

A=Max(A _i )

Among them, A _i is the dominance value of the ith plant, the relative density of i is the _{relative density} of the ith plant, the relative coverage of i is the _{relative coverage of} the ith plant, and the _{relative frequency of} i is the relative density of the ith plant. Frequency, i=1, 2, ..., n, n is the total number of plant species, A is the dominant value of the dominant plant, Max(A _i ) is the maximum value of all A _i . Through the above method, the dominant plants in this area were obtained: Achnatherum splendens and Stipa grandiflora. According to the growth characteristics of the dominant plants Achnatherum splendens and Stipa grandis, the water absorption depth of the root system is about 0.5m underground, and the laying depth of the water replenishment unit 3 is 0.5-1m underground.

S2: As shown in Figure 1, when the first layer platform is discarded from bottom to top, the first layer platform water supply unit 3 is pre-laid, and the water supply level of the dominant plants determines the laying depth of the first layer platform water supply unit 3. The water replenishment unit 3 is controlled by the first platform control module to perform water replenishment work. Considering that the lower platform is affected by the gravity compaction of the upper platform, the first-layer platform water replenishment unit 3 is laid obliquely upward from the periphery of the platform to the center, and the angle between the first-layer platform water replenishment unit 3 and the horizontal direction is 3°.

S3: When the second-layer platform is discarded from the bottom to the top, the second-layer platform water replenishment unit 3 is pre-laid, and the replenishment water level of the dominant plants determines the laying depth of the second-layer platform water-replenishing unit 3. Considering that the lower platform is affected by the gravity compaction of the upper platform, the water replenishing unit 3 of the second platform is laid obliquely upward from the periphery of the platform to the center, and the angle between the water replenishing unit 3 of the second platform and the horizontal direction is 2°. At this time, the first-layer platform control module only needs to control the water replenishing unit 3 in the space not covered by the upper-layer platform.

S4: When the uppermost platform is discarded, the water supply unit 3 of the uppermost platform is pre-laid, and the supply water level of the dominant plants determines the laying depth of the uppermost platform water supply unit 3. At this time, the second-layer platform control module only needs to control the water replenishing unit 3 in the space not covered by the upper-layer platform.

S5: If the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture monitor is lower than the preset warning value, the control module controls the water replenishment unit 3 to perform quantitative replenishment. The method for determining that the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture monitor is lower than the preset warning value is as follows:

When Q>Q _end and Q>Min(Q _j ), it is determined that the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture monitor is lower than the preset warning value, and the water quantity control module controls the water replenishment unit 3 to perform quantitative replenishment;

Among them, Q is the preset early warning value, Q _terminal is the soil moisture value monitored by the terminal moisture monitor 3-7, Q _j is the monitoring value of the j-th intermediate moisture monitor 3-6 on the water supply pipe 3-3 The soil moisture value of , Min(Q _j ) is the minimum value of all Q _j , j=1, 2, ..., m, m is the number of 3-6 intermediate moisture monitors on the water supply pipe 3-3.

When the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture monitor is lower than the preset early warning value, the drought early warning module sends a work instruction to the water quantity control module, and the water quantity control module realizes the water replenishment function according to the instructions of the drought early warning module. The main valve 3-2 and the auxiliary valve 3-4 of the water supply unit 3 are opened, and the water in the pump house 1 supplies water to the surrounding soil through the main pipeline 2, the auxiliary pipeline 3-1, the water supply pipe 3-3, and the water supply hole 3-5 in turn. At the same time, the information of the moisture monitor, drought warning module and water quantity control module is displayed in the real-time display module.

Claims (1)

1. A method for controlling ecological water level of soil in a strip mine refuse dump is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: determining selected dominant plants according to the region, climate, geology, hydrology and soil conditions of the strip mine; the laying depth of the water replenishing unit (3) is determined by the supply water level of the dominant plants; the determination method of the dominant plant comprises the following steps:

A _i ＝i _{relative density} +i _{Relative coverage} +i _{Relative frequency}

A＝Max(A _i )

Wherein, A _i Is the dominance value of the i plant, i _{Relative density} Is the relative density of the ith plant, i _{Relative coverage} Relative coverage of the ith plant, i _{Relative frequency} The relative frequency of the ith plant is i =1,2, …, n is the total number of plants, and A is the dominant value of the dominant plant;

s2: when the first-layer platform is discarded from bottom to top, a first-layer platform water replenishing unit (3) is paved in advance; the water replenishing units (3) are laid from the periphery of the platform to the center in an inclined upward manner, and the included angle between each water replenishing unit (3) and the horizontal direction is 0-3 degrees;

s3: when the middle layer platform is discarded from bottom to top in sequence, the middle layer platform water replenishing units (3) are paved in advance; the water replenishing units (3) are laid from the periphery of the platform to the center in an inclined upward manner, and the included angle between each water replenishing unit (3) and the horizontal direction is 0-3 degrees;

s4: when the uppermost platform is discarded, a water replenishing unit (3) of the uppermost platform is paved in advance;

s5: if the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture monitor is lower than a preset early warning value, the control module controls the water replenishing unit (3) to perform quantitative water replenishing; the method for judging whether the soil moisture value monitored by the moisture monitor is lower than the preset early warning value comprises the following steps:

Q>Q _{end socket} And Q>Min(Q _j ) When the water content is lower than the preset early warning value, the water quantity control module controls the water replenishing unit (3) to perform quantitative water replenishing;

wherein Q is a preset early warning value, Q _{End socket} Is the soil moisture value, Q, monitored by the tip moisture monitor (3-7) _j J =1,2, … and m is the number of the intermediate moisture monitors (3-6) on the water replenishing pipe (3-3) for the soil moisture value monitored by the jth intermediate moisture monitor (3-6) on the water replenishing pipe (3-3).

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