CN113597231B - Adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device for open control cabinets - Google Patents
Adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device for open control cabinets Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于温度自适应抗冷凝技术领域，具体涉及一种开放式控制机柜的自适应抗冷凝环控装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of temperature adaptive anti-condensation, and in particular relates to an adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device for an open control cabinet.
背景技术Background Art
控制机柜，用于实现舰船舱内电子设备的指令控制功能，该舰船所在的沿海气候环境常年高温、高湿，当空气中的水蒸气分压超过对应温度下的饱和压力时，舱内控制机柜内部易出现凝露现象。导致内部电子箱出现腐蚀、生锈，严重影响到控制机柜的正常工作。为了改善控制机柜使用环境，需要在控制机柜内部设计一套自适应抗冷凝环控装置，为机柜内部创造一个温度自适应调节系统，提高控制机柜内部温度，使其高于露点温度，保证机柜内部不出现凝露。为机柜内部的电子箱、印制板、连接器、电缆、电源等元件创造干燥的工作环境，有效地减少器件腐蚀，提高设备生命力。The control cabinet is used to realize the command control function of the electronic equipment in the ship's cabin. The coastal climate environment where the ship is located is high temperature and high humidity all year round. When the water vapor partial pressure in the air exceeds the saturation pressure at the corresponding temperature, condensation is prone to occur inside the control cabinet in the cabin. This causes corrosion and rust in the internal electronic box, seriously affecting the normal operation of the control cabinet. In order to improve the use environment of the control cabinet, it is necessary to design a set of adaptive anti-condensation environmental control devices inside the control cabinet to create a temperature adaptive adjustment system inside the cabinet, increase the internal temperature of the control cabinet to make it higher than the dew point temperature, and ensure that no condensation occurs inside the cabinet. Create a dry working environment for the electronic boxes, printed circuit boards, connectors, cables, power supplies and other components inside the cabinet, effectively reduce device corrosion, and improve equipment vitality.
现有的开放式控制机柜抗冷凝方法主要有两种：一种是在控制机柜内部涂抹防凝露涂料，这种方法能够通过增大机柜的热阻，进而将机柜内部温度控制在一定的范围之内；另一种是在机柜内部使用加热设备，通过热源的热传导，实现机柜内部环境温度的提升。There are two main methods for preventing condensation in open control cabinets: one is to apply anti-condensation paint inside the control cabinet, which can increase the thermal resistance of the cabinet and thus control the internal temperature of the cabinet within a certain range; the other is to use heating equipment inside the cabinet to increase the internal ambient temperature of the cabinet through heat conduction from the heat source.
北京恒通绿建节能科技有限公司针对开放式空调室外机冬季易结霜的问题，提出了一种防凝露涂料。该防冷凝涂料包括功能性材料和有机溶剂，涂抹在物体表面后，能够有效地降低凝露温度，并使实际凝露温度明显低于露点温度，从而大大降低了凝露或结霜的风险。该防冷凝涂料的优点是无需复杂的控制单元，易于实现。缺点是防凝露涂料在一定程度上破坏电子设备本身的功能特性，具有一定的使用范围，不能普遍适用于所有电子设备。Beijing Hengtong Green Building Energy Saving Technology Co., Ltd. has proposed an anti-condensation coating to address the problem of easy frost formation in open air-conditioning outdoor units in winter. The anti-condensation coating includes functional materials and organic solvents. After being applied to the surface of an object, it can effectively reduce the condensation temperature and make the actual condensation temperature significantly lower than the dew point temperature, thereby greatly reducing the risk of condensation or frost. The advantage of the anti-condensation coating is that it does not require a complex control unit and is easy to implement. The disadvantage is that the anti-condensation coating destroys the functional characteristics of the electronic equipment itself to a certain extent, has a certain scope of use, and cannot be universally applied to all electronic equipment.
辽宁中天智控技术有限公司针对户外高低压配电柜受潮结露的问题，提出了一种机柜防凝露装置。该防凝露装置包括机壳、散热片、制冷单元、加热单元、排水单元以及控制单元。工作过程中，微处理器将环境温湿度传感器数据发送至上位机进行判断：当柜内温度＜30℃，且环境温度与计算的露点温度之差≤3℃时，进入加热排风模式；当柜内温度≥30℃，且环境温度与计算的露点温度之差≤3℃时，进入制冷排风模式。如此循环，始终保持环境温度与理论露点温度之差≥5℃，保证柜内环境控制中的水分不会结露。该防凝露装置的优点是采用加热和制冷除湿两种方式破坏露点温度，使机柜内部环境空间的温度始终不会达到露点温度，无需人工设定温度和湿度值，智能工作。不足之处在于系统控制模式较为冗余复杂，同时提高了产品成本。Liaoning Zhongtian Intelligent Control Technology Co., Ltd. has proposed a cabinet anti-condensation device to solve the problem of condensation caused by moisture in outdoor high and low voltage distribution cabinets. The anti-condensation device includes a housing, a heat sink, a refrigeration unit, a heating unit, a drainage unit and a control unit. During operation, the microprocessor sends the data of the ambient temperature and humidity sensor to the host computer for judgment: when the temperature in the cabinet is less than 30°C and the difference between the ambient temperature and the calculated dew point temperature is ≤3°C, the heating exhaust mode is entered; when the temperature in the cabinet is ≥30°C and the difference between the ambient temperature and the calculated dew point temperature is ≤3°C, the cooling exhaust mode is entered. In this way, the difference between the ambient temperature and the theoretical dew point temperature is always kept at ≥5°C to ensure that the moisture in the cabinet environment control will not condense. The advantage of the anti-condensation device is that it uses heating and cooling dehumidification to destroy the dew point temperature, so that the temperature of the internal environment space of the cabinet will never reach the dew point temperature, and there is no need to manually set the temperature and humidity values, and it works intelligently. The disadvantage is that the system control mode is relatively redundant and complex, and the product cost is increased.
上述现有技术均存在一定局限。The above-mentioned prior arts all have certain limitations.
对于采用涂抹防凝露涂料抗冷凝的方式，首先，控制机柜内部的功能单元数量及种类繁多，电连接器接口、滑动导轨等处无法涂抹防凝露涂料，因此，不能做到所有功能单元的抗冷凝效果；其次，电子箱本身具有一定的电磁物理特性，其表面涂抹的防凝露涂料可能会影响到其功能性能。也就是说，防凝露涂料在控制机柜内部使用具有一定的局限性，不能做到所有电子箱的全覆盖。Regarding the method of applying anti-condensation paint to resist condensation, firstly, the number and types of functional units inside the control cabinet are various, and anti-condensation paint cannot be applied to the electrical connector interface, sliding rails, etc., so the anti-condensation effect of all functional units cannot be achieved; secondly, the electronic box itself has certain electromagnetic physical properties, and the anti-condensation paint applied on its surface may affect its functional performance. In other words, the use of anti-condensation paint inside the control cabinet has certain limitations, and it cannot fully cover all electronic boxes.
而采用微处理器控制制冷单元、加热单元实现机柜内部加热除湿的方式，需要给微处理器搭建相应的控制电路，并通过上位机进行控制。一方面，增加了上位机的软硬件工作流程，没有实现抗冷凝装置的独立自适应控制；另一方面，控制电路的实现也增加了产品的成本。The method of using a microprocessor to control the refrigeration unit and heating unit to achieve heating and dehumidification inside the cabinet requires building a corresponding control circuit for the microprocessor and controlling it through a host computer. On the one hand, the software and hardware workflow of the host computer is increased, and the independent adaptive control of the anti-condensation device is not achieved; on the other hand, the implementation of the control circuit also increases the cost of the product.
发明内容Summary of the invention
(一)要解决的技术问题1. Technical issues to be resolved
本发明要解决的技术问题是：如何为高温高湿恶劣环境下舱内开放式控制机柜提供一套自适应抗冷凝环控装置。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a set of adaptive anti-condensation environmental control devices for an open control cabinet in a cabin under a harsh environment of high temperature and high humidity.
(二)技术方案(II) Technical solution
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种开放式控制机柜的自适应抗冷凝环控装置，所述自适应抗冷凝环控装置包括：加热组合和环控组合；其中，所述加热组合包括：风机加热器和独立加热器；In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device for an open control cabinet, wherein the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device comprises: a heating combination and an environmental control combination; wherein the heating combination comprises: a fan heater and an independent heater;
所述风机加热器包括：第二风机、第一PTC加热片以及第一散热器；所述独立加热器包括：第二PTC加热片、第二散热器；The fan heater comprises: a second fan, a first PTC heating plate and a first radiator; the independent heater comprises: a second PTC heating plate and a second radiator;
所述环控组合包括：组合安装板、第一风机、温控器、熔断器、供电开关；The environmental control assembly includes: a combined mounting plate, a first fan, a temperature controller, a fuse, and a power switch;
所述开放式控制机柜内设有若干个电子箱，其余的包括印制板、连接器、电缆、电源在内的电子单元均分布于每一个电子箱附近；The open control cabinet is provided with a number of electronic boxes, and the remaining electronic units including printed circuit boards, connectors, cables, and power supplies are distributed near each electronic box;
所述加热组合集中放置于该若干个电子箱侧面；对每一个电子箱而言，其左右两侧面分别放置1个加热组合，也就是控制机柜内部的加热组合数量为电子箱个数的两倍；The heating assemblies are centrally placed on the sides of the electronic boxes; for each electronic box, one heating assembly is placed on the left and right sides respectively, that is, the number of heating assemblies inside the control cabinet is twice the number of electronic boxes;
所述环控组合安装于控制机柜顶端，是自适应抗冷凝环控装置的控制单元，用于控制加热组合通电工作和断电停止，保证控制机柜内部温度高于露点温度，防止凝露产生；The environmental control assembly is installed on the top of the control cabinet and is the control unit of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device, which is used to control the heating assembly to work and stop when it is powered on, to ensure that the internal temperature of the control cabinet is higher than the dew point temperature, and to prevent condensation.
其中，所述组合安装板用于为第一风机、温控器、熔断器、供电开关提供稳定可靠的安装平台，同时与控制机柜可靠连接；The combined mounting plate is used to provide a stable and reliable mounting platform for the first fan, the thermostat, the fuse, and the power switch, and is reliably connected to the control cabinet;
所述温控器用于通过其自身温度范围设定，控制加热组合的开关状态；The thermostat is used to control the on/off state of the heating combination by setting its own temperature range;
所述环控组合使用的第一风机，以及风机加热器使用的第二风机均为轴流风机；轴流风机采取抽风工作模式，促进空气的对流；The first fan used in the environmental control combination and the second fan used in the fan heater are both axial flow fans; the axial flow fans adopt an exhaust working mode to promote air convection;
所述熔断器用作过流保护装置，用于在自适应抗冷凝装置电流过大时，断开整个装置供电，起到防止损坏电子设备的作用；The fuse is used as an overcurrent protection device, which is used to disconnect the power supply of the entire device when the current of the adaptive anti-condensation device is too large, thereby preventing damage to the electronic equipment;
所述加热组合用于将第一PTC加热片及第二PTC加热片提供的热源分散传递至控制机柜内部空气中；The heating assembly is used to disperse and transfer the heat source provided by the first PTC heating plate and the second PTC heating plate to the air inside the control cabinet;
为了有效提高散热效果，采用带有第二风机的风机加热器，能够将加热组合的热源快速有效的传递至控制机柜内部风道中，不仅提高了散热效率，而且使得控制机柜部内部加热效果更为均匀。In order to effectively improve the heat dissipation effect, a fan heater with a second fan is used, which can quickly and effectively transfer the heat source of the heating combination to the air duct inside the control cabinet, which not only improves the heat dissipation efficiency, but also makes the heating effect inside the control cabinet more uniform.
其中，所述自适应抗冷凝环控装置工作过程中：Wherein, during the operation of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device:
自适应抗冷凝环控装置工作在设备关机时间段；当设备关机不工作后，舰员启动自适应抗冷凝环控装置的供电开关，自适应抗冷凝环控装置开始工作，温控器敏感机柜内部环境温度状况；当控制机柜内温度低于设定温度时，温控器自身开关吸合，接通所有若干个加热组合工作电源，驱动独立加热器以及风机加热器工作；The adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device works during the equipment shutdown period; when the equipment is shut down and not working, the crew starts the power switch of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device, and the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device starts to work, and the thermostat senses the internal ambient temperature of the cabinet; when the temperature in the control cabinet is lower than the set temperature, the thermostat's own switch is energized, connecting all several heating combination working power supplies, driving the independent heater and the fan heater to work;
其中，独立加热器的第二PTC加热片产生恒功率热量，由第二散热器将热量高效的传递至控制机柜内部；类似的，风机加热器的第一PTC加热片也产生恒功率热量，由第一散热器传递至控制机柜内部；同时，为了提高每一个加热组合的热传导效率，采用第二风机将每一个加热组合产生的热量加速均匀传导至控制机柜内部，有效地提高了加热效率；当所有加热组合开始加热升温的同时，第一风机开始工作，加速热气的传播和湿气的排出，形成一个强制对流的工作状态；Among them, the second PTC heating plate of the independent heater generates constant power heat, and the second radiator efficiently transfers the heat to the inside of the control cabinet; similarly, the first PTC heating plate of the fan heater also generates constant power heat, which is transferred to the inside of the control cabinet by the first radiator; at the same time, in order to improve the heat conduction efficiency of each heating combination, the second fan is used to accelerate and evenly conduct the heat generated by each heating combination to the inside of the control cabinet, which effectively improves the heating efficiency; when all heating combinations start to heat up, the first fan starts to work, accelerating the spread of hot air and the discharge of moisture, forming a forced convection working state;
当温控器敏感到控制机柜内温度达到设定温度时，温控器延时一定时间后开关释放，断开所有加热组合工作电源，加热组合停止加热，同时第一风机停止工作；在自适应抗冷凝装置工作过程中，熔断器用于在电流过大时，断开整个装置供电，保护装置安全；When the thermostat senses that the temperature in the control cabinet reaches the set temperature, the thermostat switches off after a certain delay, disconnects all the heating combination power supplies, stops heating, and the first fan stops working; during the operation of the adaptive anti-condensation device, the fuse is used to disconnect the power supply of the entire device when the current is too large to protect the device safety;
自适应抗冷凝环控装置如此循环工作，保证控制机柜内部温度始终高于露点温度，防止湿气、凝露的形成。The adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device works in this cycle to ensure that the internal temperature of the control cabinet is always higher than the dew point temperature, preventing the formation of moisture and condensation.
其中，出于安全性考虑，若温控器失效，会致使机柜内部温度不断增高，损伤控制机柜内部电子箱；Among them, for safety reasons, if the thermostat fails, the temperature inside the cabinet will continue to rise, damaging the electronic box inside the control cabinet;
由此对温控器进行双冗余设计，采取两个温控器串联使用的双冗余方案，其中，温控器1控制温度为设定温度，温控器2控制温控高出设定温度若干度的上限温度，当温控器1失效时，控制机柜内部由于加热组合的工作，温度继续上升；Therefore, a dual-redundancy design is carried out for the thermostat, and a dual-redundancy scheme is adopted in which two thermostats are used in series, wherein the temperature controlled by thermostat 1 is the set temperature, and the temperature controlled by thermostat 2 is the upper limit temperature that is several degrees higher than the set temperature. When thermostat 1 fails, the temperature inside the control cabinet continues to rise due to the work of the heating combination;
此时，温控器2能够弥补温控器1的缺失，将控制机柜内部加热组合工作温度控制在上限温度以内；有效的起到了温度控制的作用，将控制机柜内部温度升至露点温度以上，同时不会由于温度过高，损伤控制机柜内部电子单元。At this time, thermostat 2 can make up for the loss of thermostat 1 and control the working temperature of the heating combination inside the control cabinet within the upper limit temperature; it effectively plays the role of temperature control, raising the internal temperature of the control cabinet to above the dew point temperature, and at the same time will not damage the internal electronic units of the control cabinet due to excessive temperature.
其中，所述开放式控制机柜内设有4个电子箱。Wherein, four electronic boxes are arranged in the open control cabinet.
其中，所述加热组合数量为8个。Among them, the number of heating combinations is 8.
其中，所述加热组合均位于控制机柜内两侧风道上，用于有效的提高热空气流速，达到快速有效增加控制机柜内部温度的目的。The heating assemblies are located on the air ducts on both sides of the control cabinet, and are used to effectively increase the flow rate of hot air, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly and effectively increasing the internal temperature of the control cabinet.
其中，通过对装置额定电流进行核算，得到抗冷凝装置瞬时最大电流为4.20A，从而，选取熔断器型号为：φ6×30 5A。Among them, by calculating the rated current of the device, it is obtained that the instantaneous maximum current of the anti-condensation device is 4.20A, so the fuse model is selected as: φ6×30 5A.
其中，所述供电开关处于常通状态，当舰员或维修人员需要对控制机柜进行维修测试时，通过断开位于控制机柜顶端的供电开关，进行后续工作；这样即使总开关处于闭合状态，也不会因为漏电、短路情况对接触到控制机柜的维修测试人员造成人身伤害，提高了自适应抗冷凝环控装置的安全性与维修性。Among them, the power supply switch is in a normally on state. When the crew or maintenance personnel need to perform maintenance tests on the control cabinet, they can carry out subsequent work by disconnecting the power supply switch at the top of the control cabinet. In this way, even if the main switch is in a closed state, no personal injury will be caused to the maintenance and test personnel who come into contact with the control cabinet due to leakage or short circuit, thereby improving the safety and maintainability of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device.
其中，所述加热组合的风机加热器及独立加热器通过加热组合安装板安装在电子箱附近。Wherein, the fan heater and the independent heater of the heating combination are installed near the electronic box through the heating combination mounting plate.
其中，所述第一散热器、第二散热器均采用肋片形式的散热单元。Wherein, the first radiator and the second radiator both adopt fin-shaped heat dissipation units.
(三)有益效果(III) Beneficial effects
本发明的自适应抗冷凝环控装置采用加热组合作为加热设备，为控制机柜内部提供稳定可靠的热源；采用环控组合作为环境温度控制单元，将控制机柜内部的温度控制在一个温度范围之内。使得控制机柜内部的温度始终高于露点温度，保证控制机柜内部不出现凝露。为控制机柜内部的电子箱、印制板、连接器、电缆、电源等电子箱创造一个干燥的工作环境，有效地减少器件腐蚀，提高设备生命力。The adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device of the present invention adopts a heating combination as a heating device to provide a stable and reliable heat source for the inside of the control cabinet; the environmental control combination is used as an environmental temperature control unit to control the temperature inside the control cabinet within a temperature range. The temperature inside the control cabinet is always higher than the dew point temperature to ensure that no condensation occurs inside the control cabinet. A dry working environment is created for the electronic boxes, printed circuit boards, connectors, cables, power supplies and other electronic boxes inside the control cabinet, effectively reducing device corrosion and improving the vitality of the equipment.
其中，与现有技术相比较，本发明具备如下核心改进点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following core improvements:
(1)自适应抗冷凝环控装置无需上位机以及处理单元控制，仅需要系统市电供电就可以自主实现舱内开放式控制机柜的抗冷凝效果，完全实现了自主、独立的自适应抗冷凝环控效果。(1) The adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device does not require the control of a host computer or a processing unit. It only needs the system mains power supply to independently achieve the anti-condensation effect of the open control cabinet in the cabin, and fully realizes the autonomous and independent adaptive anti-condensation environmental control effect.
(2)采用两个温控器搭建出双冗余温度控制单元，通过简单地逻辑关系，对两个温控器进行连接，将控制机柜内部的温度控制在33℃～40℃之间，温度控制方案简洁、可靠、实用。(2) A dual redundant temperature control unit is built using two thermostats. The two thermostats are connected through a simple logical relationship to control the temperature inside the control cabinet between 33°C and 40°C. The temperature control solution is simple, reliable and practical.
(3)加热组合采用风机加热器以及独立加热器组成，既能够提供稳定可靠的热源，又能够自主形成局部风道，有效地提高了加热组合的散热效率以及均匀加热效果。(3) The heating combination is composed of a fan heater and an independent heater, which can not only provide a stable and reliable heat source, but also independently form a local air duct, effectively improving the heat dissipation efficiency and uniform heating effect of the heating combination.
(4)经过大量的分析验证，加热组合分散分布于控制机柜内部风道之中，同时靠近主要电子箱，这种方案使得控制机柜内部所有电子箱周围均有稳定热源。(4) After extensive analysis and verification, the heating combination is dispersed in the air duct inside the control cabinet and close to the main electronic box. This solution ensures that there is a stable heat source around all electronic boxes inside the control cabinet.
从而，本发明与现有的抗冷凝装置相比较，具有以下优点：Therefore, compared with the existing anti-condensation device, the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明自适应抗冷凝环控装置能够为舱内开放式控制机柜内部电子箱提供一个温度自适应调节的工作环境，使得控制机柜内部温度始终高于露点温度，有效地减少器件腐蚀，提高设备生命力。自适应抗冷凝环控装置没有复杂的上位机控制逻辑，也没有控制电路，加热组合安全、可靠；双冗余温度控制单元简洁、实用；所使用的功能单元均为成熟的货架产品，成本较低。具有组成简单、易于操作、安全可靠、成本低廉等特点。The adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device of the present invention can provide a temperature-adaptive working environment for the electronic box inside the open control cabinet in the cabin, so that the internal temperature of the control cabinet is always higher than the dew point temperature, effectively reducing device corrosion and improving the vitality of the equipment. The adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device does not have complex host computer control logic or control circuits, and the heating combination is safe and reliable; the dual redundant temperature control unit is simple and practical; the functional units used are all mature shelf products with low cost. It has the characteristics of simple composition, easy operation, safety, reliability, and low cost.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明技术方案系统组成图。FIG. 1 is a system composition diagram of the technical solution of the present invention.
图2为本发明技术方案装配示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the technical solution of the present invention.
其中，1、环控组合；2、电子箱；3、背面进风口；4、加热组合；5、底部进风口。Among them, 1. Environmental control combination; 2. Electronic box; 3. Back air inlet; 4. Heating combination; 5. Bottom air inlet.
图3为本发明技术方案控制机柜风道设计示意图。FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the air duct design of the control cabinet according to the technical solution of the present invention.
图4为本发明技术方案环控组合组成图。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the composition of the environmental control assembly of the technical solution of the present invention.
其中，6、组合安装板；7、第一风机；8、熔断器；9、供电开关；10、温控器。Among them, 6. Combined mounting plate; 7. First fan; 8. Fuse; 9. Power switch; 10. Temperature controller.
图5为本发明技术方案加热组合组成图。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the heating assembly composition of the technical solution of the present invention.
其中，11、加热组合安装板；12、风机加热器；13、独立加热器。Among them, 11. Heating combination mounting plate; 12. Fan heater; 13. Independent heater.
图6为本发明技术方案风机加热器组成图。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the composition of the fan heater according to the technical solution of the present invention.
其中，14、第二风机；15、PTC加热片；16、第一散热器。Among them, 14 is the second fan; 15 is the PTC heating plate; 16 is the first radiator.
图7为本发明技术方案独立加热器组成图。FIG. 7 is a composition diagram of an independent heater according to the technical solution of the present invention.
其中，15、PTC加热片；17、第二散热器。Among them, 15, PTC heating plate; 17, second radiator.
图8为本发明技术方案工作原理图。FIG8 is a diagram showing the working principle of the technical solution of the present invention.
图9为本发明技术方案工作流程图。FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the technical solution of the present invention.
图10为本发明技术方案温控器双冗余设计示意图。FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a dual-redundancy design of a temperature controller according to the technical solution of the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为使本发明的目的、内容、和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。In order to make the purpose, content, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
为解决现有技术问题，本发明提供一种开放式控制机柜的自适应抗冷凝环控装置，所述自适应抗冷凝环控装置包括：加热组合和环控组合；其中，所述加热组合包括：风机加热器和独立加热器；In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device for an open control cabinet, wherein the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device comprises: a heating combination and an environmental control combination; wherein the heating combination comprises: a fan heater and an independent heater;
所述风机加热器包括：第二风机、第一PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficient，正温度系数)加热片以及第一散热器；所述独立加热器包括：第二PTC加热片、第二散热器；The fan heater includes: a second fan, a first PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heating plate and a first radiator; the independent heater includes: a second PTC heating plate and a second radiator;
所述环控组合包括：组合安装板、第一风机、温控器、熔断器、供电开关；其组成如图1所示，装配示意如图2所示；The environmental control assembly includes: a combined mounting plate, a first fan, a temperature controller, a fuse, and a power switch; its composition is shown in FIG1 , and its assembly diagram is shown in FIG2 ;
所述开放式控制机柜内设有若干个主要的电子箱，其余的包括印制板、连接器、电缆、电源在内的电子单元均分布于每一个电子箱附近；The open control cabinet is provided with several main electronic boxes, and the remaining electronic units including printed circuit boards, connectors, cables, and power supplies are distributed near each electronic box;
所述加热组合集中放置于该若干个电子箱侧面；对每一个电子箱而言，其左右两侧面分别放置1个加热组合，也就是控制机柜内部的加热组合数量为电子箱个数的两倍；这样的设计方式不仅能够为电子箱提供稳定的热源，同时能够依靠第一风机、第二风机加速热空气流通，实现每一层加热组合均匀加热的效果；The heating assemblies are centrally placed on the sides of the electronic boxes; for each electronic box, one heating assembly is placed on its left and right sides respectively, that is, the number of heating assemblies inside the control cabinet is twice the number of electronic boxes; such a design method can not only provide a stable heat source for the electronic boxes, but also accelerate the circulation of hot air by relying on the first fan and the second fan, so as to achieve the effect of uniform heating of each layer of heating assemblies;
所述环控组合安装于控制机柜顶端，是自适应抗冷凝环控装置的控制单元，用于控制加热组合通电工作和断电停止，保证控制机柜内部温度高于露点温度，防止凝露产生；其组成如图4所示。The environmental control assembly is installed on the top of the control cabinet and is the control unit of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device. It is used to control the power-on and power-off of the heating assembly to ensure that the internal temperature of the control cabinet is higher than the dew point temperature to prevent condensation. Its composition is shown in Figure 4.
其中，所述组合安装板用于为第一风机、温控器、熔断器、供电开关提供稳定可靠的安装平台，同时与控制机柜可靠连接；The combined mounting plate is used to provide a stable and reliable mounting platform for the first fan, the thermostat, the fuse, and the power switch, and is reliably connected to the control cabinet;
所述温控器用于通过其自身温度范围设定，控制加热组合的开关状态；The thermostat is used to control the on/off state of the heating combination by setting its own temperature range;
所述环控组合使用的第一风机，以及风机加热器使用的第二风机均为轴流风机；轴流风机采取抽风工作模式，促进空气的对流；The first fan used in the environmental control combination and the second fan used in the fan heater are both axial flow fans; the axial flow fans adopt an exhaust working mode to promote air convection;
所述熔断器用作过流保护装置，用于在自适应抗冷凝装置电流过大时，断开整个装置供电，起到防止损坏电子设备的作用；The fuse is used as an overcurrent protection device, which is used to disconnect the power supply of the entire device when the current of the adaptive anti-condensation device is too large, thereby preventing damage to the electronic equipment;
所述加热组合用于快速有效地将第一PTC加热片及第二PTC加热片提供的热源分散传递至控制机柜内部空气中，可灵活布置于控制机柜内部不同位置；对控制机柜内部功率密度进行计算，求得每一个PTC加热片的功率为6W。The heating combination is used to quickly and effectively disperse the heat source provided by the first PTC heating plate and the second PTC heating plate into the air inside the control cabinet, and can be flexibly arranged at different positions inside the control cabinet; the power density inside the control cabinet is calculated, and the power of each PTC heating plate is obtained to be 6W.
为了有效提高散热效果，采用带有第二风机的风机加热器，能够将加热组合的热源快速有效的传递至控制机柜内部风道中，不仅提高了散热效率，而且使得控制机柜部内部加热效果更为均匀。风机加热器由第二风机、PTC加热片及第一散热器组成，如图6所示。In order to effectively improve the heat dissipation effect, a fan heater with a second fan is used, which can quickly and effectively transfer the heat source of the heating combination to the air duct inside the control cabinet, which not only improves the heat dissipation efficiency, but also makes the heating effect inside the control cabinet more uniform. The fan heater consists of a second fan, a PTC heating sheet and a first radiator, as shown in Figure 6.
其中，所述自适应抗冷凝环控装置工作过程包括：The working process of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device includes:
(1)露点温度确认(1) Dew point temperature confirmation
露点温度在气象学指在固定气压之下，空气中所含的气态水达到饱和而凝结成液态水所需要降至的温度；根据凝露生成原理，如果设备所处环境温度低于露点温度，外界空气接触到设备时，很容易产生凝露；根据舰船所处环境一年中的气候情况，沿海温度为25℃～35℃，湿度在70％～80％；环境温度越高、湿度越大，则露点温度越高；取温度极值为35℃，湿度为80％，查温度、湿度和露点之间关系表，得到露点温度为31.0℃；In meteorology, dew point temperature refers to the temperature at which the gaseous water in the air reaches saturation and condenses into liquid water under a fixed air pressure. According to the principle of condensation formation, if the ambient temperature of the equipment is lower than the dew point temperature, condensation is easily generated when the outside air contacts the equipment. According to the climate conditions of the ship's environment in a year, the coastal temperature is 25℃～35℃ and the humidity is 70%～80%. The higher the ambient temperature and the greater the humidity, the higher the dew point temperature. Taking the extreme temperature of 35℃ and the humidity of 80%, and looking up the relationship table between temperature, humidity and dew point, the dew point temperature is 31.0℃.
控制机柜内部温度的原则是：略高于工作环境的露点温度，同时不能过高，长期过高的工作温度有可能损坏机柜内部电子设备；则选用温控器温度测量误差为±1.5℃，并且预留0.5℃余量，因此确定自适应抗冷凝环控装置在控制机柜内稳定工作最高温度为33+℃；The principle of controlling the temperature inside the cabinet is: slightly higher than the dew point temperature of the working environment, but not too high. Long-term high working temperature may damage the electronic equipment inside the cabinet. The temperature measurement error of the thermostat is ±1.5℃, and a 0.5℃ margin is reserved. Therefore, the maximum stable working temperature of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device in the control cabinet is determined to be 33+℃.
(2)工作原理(2) Working principle
自适应抗冷凝环控装置工作在设备关机时间段；当设备关机不工作后，舰员启动自适应抗冷凝环控装置的供电开关，自适应抗冷凝环控装置开始工作，温控器敏感机柜内部环境温度状况；当控制机柜内温度低于设定温度时，温控器自身开关吸合，接通所有若干个加热组合工作电源，驱动独立加热器以及风机加热器工作；The adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device works during the equipment shutdown period; when the equipment is shut down and not working, the crew starts the power switch of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device, and the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device starts to work, and the thermostat senses the internal ambient temperature of the cabinet; when the temperature in the control cabinet is lower than the set temperature, the thermostat's own switch is energized, connecting all several heating combination working power supplies, driving the independent heater and the fan heater to work;
其中，独立加热器的第二PTC加热片产生恒功率热量，由第二散热器将热量高效的传递至控制机柜内部；类似的，风机加热器的第一PTC加热片也产生恒功率热量，由第一散热器传递至控制机柜内部；同时，为了提高每一个加热组合的热传导效率，采用第二风机将每一个加热组合产生的热量加速均匀传导至控制机柜内部，有效地提高了加热效率；当所有加热组合开始加热升温的同时，第一风机开始工作，加速热气的传播和湿气的排出，形成一个强制对流的工作状态；Among them, the second PTC heating plate of the independent heater generates constant power heat, and the second radiator efficiently transfers the heat to the inside of the control cabinet; similarly, the first PTC heating plate of the fan heater also generates constant power heat, which is transferred to the inside of the control cabinet by the first radiator; at the same time, in order to improve the heat conduction efficiency of each heating combination, the second fan is used to accelerate and evenly conduct the heat generated by each heating combination to the inside of the control cabinet, which effectively improves the heating efficiency; when all heating combinations start to heat up, the first fan starts to work, accelerating the spread of hot air and the discharge of moisture, forming a forced convection working state;
当温控器敏感到控制机柜内温度达到设定温度时，温控器延时一定时间(优选2分钟)后开关释放，断开所有加热组合工作电源，加热组合停止加热，同时第一风机停止工作；在自适应抗冷凝装置工作过程中，熔断器用于在电流过大时，断开整个装置供电，保护装置安全；When the thermostat senses that the temperature in the control cabinet reaches the set temperature, the thermostat delays for a certain period of time (preferably 2 minutes) before the switch is released, disconnecting all the working power supplies of the heating combination, and the heating combination stops heating. At the same time, the first fan stops working; during the operation of the adaptive anti-condensation device, the fuse is used to disconnect the power supply of the entire device when the current is too large to protect the safety of the device;
自适应抗冷凝环控装置如此循环工作，保证控制机柜内部温度始终高于露点温度，防止湿气、凝露的形成。其工作原理如图8所示，其中L为零线，N为火线。工作流程如图9所示。The adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device works in this cycle to ensure that the internal temperature of the control cabinet is always higher than the dew point temperature to prevent the formation of moisture and condensation. Its working principle is shown in Figure 8, where L is the neutral line and N is the live line. The working process is shown in Figure 9.
其中，出于安全性考虑，若温控器失效，会致使机柜内部温度不断增高，损伤控制机柜内部电子箱；Among them, for safety reasons, if the thermostat fails, the temperature inside the cabinet will continue to rise, damaging the electronic box inside the control cabinet;
由此对温控器进行双冗余设计，采取两个温控器串联使用的双冗余方案，其工作原理如图10所示。其中，温控器1控制温度为设定温度(33℃)，温控器2控制温控高出设定温度若干度的上限温度(比如40℃)，当温控器1失效时，控制机柜内部由于加热组合的工作，温度有可能继续上升；Therefore, a dual redundant design is carried out for the thermostat, and a dual redundant solution of two thermostats connected in series is adopted, and its working principle is shown in Figure 10. Among them, the temperature controlled by thermostat 1 is the set temperature (33°C), and the temperature controlled by thermostat 2 is the upper limit temperature (for example, 40°C) that is several degrees higher than the set temperature. When thermostat 1 fails, the temperature inside the control cabinet may continue to rise due to the operation of the heating combination;
此时，温控器2能够弥补温控器1的缺失，将控制机柜内部加热组合工作温度控制在上限温度以内；有效的起到了温度控制的作用，将控制机柜内部温度升至露点温度以上，同时不会由于温度过高，损伤控制机柜内部电子单元。At this time, thermostat 2 can make up for the loss of thermostat 1 and control the working temperature of the heating combination inside the control cabinet within the upper limit temperature; it effectively plays the role of temperature control, raising the internal temperature of the control cabinet to above the dew point temperature, and at the same time will not damage the internal electronic units of the control cabinet due to excessive temperature.
其中，所述开放式控制机柜内设有4个电子箱。Wherein, four electronic boxes are arranged in the open control cabinet.
其中，所述加热组合数量为8个。Among them, the number of heating combinations is 8.
其中，所述加热组合均位于控制机柜内两侧风道上，用于有效的提高热空气流速，达到快速有效增加控制机柜内部温度的目的，控制机柜风道如图3所示。The heating assemblies are located on the air ducts on both sides of the control cabinet, and are used to effectively increase the flow rate of hot air, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly and effectively increasing the internal temperature of the control cabinet. The air ducts of the control cabinet are shown in FIG3 .
其中，通过对装置额定电流进行核算，得到抗冷凝装置瞬时最大电流为4.20A，从而，选取熔断器型号为：φ6×30 5A。Among them, by calculating the rated current of the device, it is obtained that the instantaneous maximum current of the anti-condensation device is 4.20A, so the fuse model is selected as: φ6×30 5A.
其中，所述供电开关处于常通状态，当舰员或维修人员需要对控制机柜进行维修测试时，通过断开位于控制机柜顶端的供电开关，进行后续工作；这样即使总开关处于闭合状态，也不会因为漏电、短路情况对接触到控制机柜的维修测试人员造成人身伤害，提高了自适应抗冷凝环控装置的安全性与维修性。Among them, the power supply switch is in a normally on state. When the crew or maintenance personnel need to perform maintenance tests on the control cabinet, they can carry out subsequent work by disconnecting the power supply switch at the top of the control cabinet. In this way, even if the main switch is in a closed state, no personal injury will be caused to the maintenance and test personnel who come into contact with the control cabinet due to leakage or short circuit, thereby improving the safety and maintainability of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device.
其中，所述加热组合的风机加热器及独立加热器通过加热组合安装板安装在电子箱附近，如图5所示。The fan heater and the independent heater of the heating combination are installed near the electronic box through a heating combination mounting plate, as shown in FIG5 .
其中，所述第一散热器、第二散热器均采用肋片形式的散热单元，其原因是在散热器总尺寸、质量、所耗金属材料和流阻性能相同的前提下，肋片形式能够显著地增大散热面积，提高散热效率。Among them, the first radiator and the second radiator both adopt fin-shaped heat dissipation units. The reason is that under the premise that the total size, mass, metal material consumption and flow resistance performance of the radiator are the same, the fin form can significantly increase the heat dissipation area and improve the heat dissipation efficiency.
仿真及测试验证Simulation and test verification
使用仿真软件对自适应抗冷凝环控装置进行仿真分析，当加热组合稳定工作后，控制机柜内部电子箱附近温度较高，均高于露点温度。低温温度出现在底部进风口以及背面进风口，这是由于外界温度较低，边界温度由于热交换效率低而相应的无法提升。电子箱周围温度分布较为均匀，最高温度出现在机柜中心位置，约为35℃，上下两端电子箱温度约为33℃，均高于设定的露点温度，因此仿真结果满足设计要求。The adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device was simulated and analyzed using simulation software. When the heating combination worked stably, the temperature near the electronic box inside the control cabinet was high, all higher than the dew point temperature. Low temperatures appeared at the bottom air inlet and the back air inlet. This is because the outside temperature is low and the boundary temperature cannot be increased accordingly due to the low heat exchange efficiency. The temperature distribution around the electronic box is relatively uniform, with the highest temperature appearing at the center of the cabinet, about 35°C, and the temperature of the electronic boxes at the upper and lower ends is about 33°C, both higher than the set dew point temperature. Therefore, the simulation results meet the design requirements.
搭建实验平台，采用环境模拟试验箱进行温度骤变的方式，通过试验验证自适应抗冷凝环控装置的抗冷凝效果。将安装自适应抗冷凝环控装置的控制机柜放置于环境模拟试验箱中，并将自适应抗冷凝环控装置开关引出环境模拟试验箱外，确保操作人员能够在不打开环境模拟试验箱的前提下，对自适应抗冷凝环控装置的开关进行控制，避免频繁进出环境模拟试验箱造成的环境温度波动。试验过程中，先将环境模拟试验箱温度降至0℃，保温2小时。再将环境模拟试验箱设定为温度：+18℃、相对湿度95％，工作2小时。此时控制机柜内部的连接器、电路板、侧壁以及电子箱等部位均出现较多的凝露。启动自适应抗冷凝环控装置，工作1小时后，连接器、电路板、侧壁以及电子箱等部位的凝露消失。再持续工作8小时，每半小时进行一次检测，连接器、电路板、侧壁以及电子箱等部位均无凝露产生。证明了自适应抗冷凝环控装置能够有效地保证控制机柜内部所有电子箱均不出现凝露，为机柜内部的电子箱以及印制板、连接器、电缆、电源等原件创造干燥的工作环境。An experimental platform was built, and the temperature was suddenly changed in an environmental simulation test chamber to verify the anti-condensation effect of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device through experiments. The control cabinet with the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device installed was placed in the environmental simulation test chamber, and the switch of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device was led out of the environmental simulation test chamber to ensure that the operator could control the switch of the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device without opening the environmental simulation test chamber to avoid the ambient temperature fluctuation caused by frequent entry and exit of the environmental simulation test chamber. During the test, the temperature of the environmental simulation test chamber was first reduced to 0℃ and kept warm for 2 hours. Then the environmental simulation test chamber was set to temperature: +18℃, relative humidity 95%, and worked for 2 hours. At this time, a lot of condensation appeared in the connectors, circuit boards, side walls, and electronic boxes inside the control cabinet. The adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device was started, and after working for 1 hour, the condensation on the connectors, circuit boards, side walls, and electronic boxes disappeared. It continued to work for another 8 hours, and the test was carried out every half an hour. No condensation was produced on the connectors, circuit boards, side walls, and electronic boxes. It is proved that the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device can effectively ensure that no condensation occurs in all electronic boxes inside the control cabinet, and create a dry working environment for the electronic boxes inside the cabinet as well as printed circuit boards, connectors, cables, power supplies and other components.
综上所述，本发明经过了有限元仿真分析与实验测试验证，均表明自适应抗冷凝环控装置能够起到对开放式控制机柜内的抗冷凝效果。In summary, the present invention has been verified through finite element simulation analysis and experimental testing, both of which indicate that the adaptive anti-condensation environmental control device can have an anti-condensation effect in an open control cabinet.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变形，这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
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