CN113534060A - Active phased array radar for ship - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/937—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of marine craft
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract
The invention discloses an active phased array radar for a ship, and belongs to the field of radar system design. The active phased array radar for the ship mainly comprises a radar host and a servo rotary table, wherein the radar host mainly comprises an active phased array antenna, a radio frequency processing unit, a digital intermediate frequency unit, a digital processing unit and a power supply unit. The active phased array radar can effectively find and track far and near targets on the sea surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a marine active phased array radar, and belongs to the field of radar system design.
Background
When sailing at sea, large-scale commercial ships, cargo ships and other offshore platforms must be capable of rapidly identifying objects such as medium-distance and long-distance sea surface ships, yachts and the like under changeable marine climate so as to rapidly respond and resist invasion. The ship radar is a traditional radio device, can work all weather under severe weather conditions, has a flexible target discovery and identification mechanism, has high cost performance compared with other photoelectric detection devices, and becomes a preferred device when a safety monitoring system is constructed on a large ship.
At present, the radar for ships at home and abroad is basically divided into two categories, one is a radar system for military ships, the working distance is long, the search range is large, but the cost of military equipment is too high, and the radar is not suitable for the field of the radar for civil ships. The second type is a single ship anti-collision radar, such as the ancient and wild ship radar in japan, which has two disadvantages, though the usage mode is flexible and the cost performance is high: the radar is used for avoiding large targets, and the searching and tracking capability of small pirate ships is deficient; secondly, the interface is not open, system integration and data fusion processing cannot be implemented, and the sea surface target discovery, tracking and verification capabilities are not enough, the false alarm rate is high, and the intelligent level is not high.
The active phased array radar adopts an electronic control beam scanning mode to overcome the inertia limitation of mechanical scanning, adopts a distributed power amplification mode, a high-power microwave signal space synthesis mode and a radio frequency low loss mode to improve the detection distance, and has inherent advantages in the aspect of high reliability. In the beginning of the 21 st century, with the maturity of active phased array technology, the development directions of radars in various countries gradually turn to active phased array radars, and particularly in the fields of airborne fire control and aerospace, the active phased array radar products occupy most of shares.
At present, few active phased array radar products are used on offshore platforms such as civil large cargo ships, and the like, and the following technical difficulties mainly exist:
(1) more distributed T/R components are needed, the product cost is higher, and civil cargo ships generally cannot bear the high cost;
(2) the early warning capability of the ship bodies such as small fishing boats or yachts is reduced due to insufficient multi-target detection and tracking capability, especially poor detection and identification effects on slow and tiny targets on the sea surface;
(3) the false alarm probability is high due to the difficulty in sea clutter suppression.
Disclosure of Invention
[ problem ] to
The active phased array radar solves the technical problem that the active phased array radar is not applied to civil ships due to the technical difficulty of applying the active phased array radar to offshore platforms such as large cargo ships and the like.
[ solution ]
The invention provides a marine active phased array radar which has the capabilities of searching and tracking targets on the sea and is mainly used for monitoring and early warning ships on the sea and on the water.
The active phased array radar for the ship mainly comprises a radar host and a servo turntable, wherein the radar host mainly comprises an active phased array antenna, a radio frequency processing unit, a digital intermediate frequency unit, a digital processing unit and a power supply unit;
the active phased-array Antenna mainly comprises a waveguide slot Antenna, a T/R (transmitter and receiver) component, an Antenna Interface Module (Antenna Interface Module) and a wave control/power supply distribution network, and is used for amplifying radio frequency signals, space scanning radiation and low-noise amplification of radar echoes; the waveguide slot antenna is connected with the T/R component, and the T/R component is connected with the antenna interface module and the wave control/power distribution network; the active phased array antenna performs phased array scanning by adopting any one dimension or two dimensions in azimuth or elevation dimensions;
the radio frequency processing unit mainly comprises three modules: the system comprises an up-conversion module, a down-conversion module and a local oscillator and reference generation module, wherein the up-conversion module, the down-conversion module and the local oscillator and reference generation module are used for up-conversion of an excitation signal, pre-filtering of a received signal, analog frequency conversion amplification and band-pass filtering and generation of a radar frequency source signal;
the digital intermediate frequency unit mainly comprises a signal generating and collecting module, a digital down-conversion module and an interface/time sequence control module, and is used for radar intermediate frequency signal generation and collection, digital down-conversion processing, radar interface control and the like;
the digital processing unit comprises a digital preprocessing module, a signal processing module and a main control module, wherein the digital preprocessing module is mainly used for digital unpacking, fixed-floating conversion, AGC (automatic gain control algorithm) calculation, channel calibration, pulse pressure and other processing;
the power supply unit is used for supplying power to the radar host and the servo rotary table, the servo rotary table is used for receiving a control command of the radar host, providing azimuth rotation and pitching angle adjustment for the radar host, and the servo rotary table is installed on the platform through the bottom surface of the base.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the active phased array antenna may perform phased array scanning in either or both of the azimuth or elevation dimensions, and may perform phased array scanning in the elevation dimension, taking into account cost more. For example, an active phased array antenna employs marine mechanical scanning in the azimuth dimension and phased array scanning in the elevation dimension, the elevation dimension antenna width being at least 2 times the elevation direction antenna width of the marine mechanical scanning collision avoidance radar. For example, the active phased array antenna may have the same azimuth dimension as a conventional marine mechanical scanning collision avoidance radar, with a length of 4 feet or about 1.2 meters; the pitching dimension is scanned by the phased array, the width of the antenna in the pitching direction of the traditional marine mechanical scanning anti-collision radar is increased to 12 cm or even larger on the basis of 6 cm, so that the width of the antenna beam in the pitching direction is reduced, the real-time scheduling of the antenna beam to a target due to the adoption of the phased array scanning is not influenced, the advantage is that the radiation power is reduced in the same proportion due to the increase of the gain of the antenna under the condition of requiring the same detection distance, and the physiological influence on users is reduced.
In one embodiment of the invention, the waveguide slot antenna is connected with the T/R component and used for power amplification of a transmitting signal, low-noise amplification of a receiving signal, conversion of a receiving/transmitting working state and the like; the wave control/power supply distribution network is connected with the input ports of the power supply unit and the digital processing unit and is used for supplying power to the T/R assembly and distributing wave control signals; the T/R component is connected with the antenna interface module and is used for distributing radar excitation signals, synthesizing antenna receiving signals and generating sum and difference signals; the antenna interface module is connected with the radio frequency processing unit and used for receiving radar excitation signals generated by the up-conversion module in the radio frequency processing unit and outputting sum and difference path signals formed by the antenna to the down-conversion module of the radio frequency processing unit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the T/R component is an asic module that includes a plurality of ics for amplifying a radio frequency transmission signal step by step, performing low noise amplification and attenuation control on an antenna reception signal, and performing phase adjustment of the radio frequency signal according to a difference between an antenna operating frequency and a scanning angle, and is implemented by a microelectronic soldering and packaging process. The function is to output the radio frequency emission signal to the waveguide slot antenna through the circulator after phase shift amplification; receiving an echo signal of the waveguide slot antenna, inputting the echo signal through a circulator, and outputting the echo signal to an antenna interface module after amplitude limiting, amplification and phase shifting; receiving the phase shift and attenuation control information of the receiving and transmitting channel sent by the wave control/power distribution network, and controlling the numerical control phase shifter and the numerical control attenuator of the T/R component after format conversion so as to realize the adjustment of the amplitude and the phase of the channel signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the up-conversion module of the rf processing unit includes an up-conversion channel, a cavity filter, a coupler, and a PA (power amplifier) controller, and is configured to perform up-conversion on an analog if signal generated by the digital if unit and a local oscillator and two local oscillator signals generated by the local oscillator and reference generating module, respectively, twice to obtain an rf signal, filter the rf signal by the cavity filter, send the rf signal to the coupler to control a signal output direction, and send the rf signal to the active phased array antenna after passing through the PA controller, and send the rf signal as a radiation signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the down conversion module of the rf processing unit is configured to perform frequency mixing, filtering, and amplifying on the signal received by the slot antenna and the first local oscillator and the second local oscillator signals generated by the local oscillator and reference generation module, respectively, to obtain an intermediate frequency signal, and output the intermediate frequency signal to the digital intermediate frequency unit for AD acquisition.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the local oscillation and reference generation module of the radio frequency processing unit is configured to generate two local oscillation signals, i.e., a first local oscillation signal and a second local oscillation signal, with high quality and a plurality of reference signals, and a frequency of the second local oscillation signal may be controlled by an external controller.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the signal generating and collecting module of the digital intermediate frequency unit mainly includes a 4-channel 16bit of ADI, a 125MSPS high-speed collecting chip [ AD9653 ] and a DDS chip [ AD9910 ] developed and produced by ADI, so as to complete multi-channel signal collection and DDS signal generation.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the digital down conversion module and the interface/timing control module of the digital intermediate frequency unit are run in a high performance FPGA [ XC7K325T ] of the kiltex 7 series, available from Xilinx corporation, for digital filtering of intermediate frequency signals, radar reference pulse generation, and control of information reception and transmission.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the radar interface/timing control module of the digital intermediate frequency unit receives the external control information, generates a corresponding reference pulse signal, drives the signal generation and acquisition module to transmit the intermediate frequency signal to the radio frequency processing unit, and transmits the intermediate frequency signal after being processed by the up-conversion module of the radio frequency processing unit. After being received by the antenna array surface, the signals are subjected to down-conversion processing by the radio frequency processing unit and then input to the signal generation and acquisition module of the digital intermediate frequency unit for intermediate frequency AD acquisition, after the acquisition is finished, the signals are input to the digital down-conversion module for filtering to obtain baseband digital signals, and then the baseband data signals are output to the digital processing unit.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a digital preprocessing module of a digital processing unit unpacks, floating-fixed converts baseband digital signals output by a digital intermediate frequency unit, converts 16-bit fixed-point data into 32-bit floating-point data, multiplies each digital channel by a corresponding calibration coefficient, performs corresponding channel calibration, and corrects the phase and amplitude of all channel signals to be consistent; finally, performing pulse compression processing on the calibrated signal, packaging and sending the signal to a signal processing module; after receiving the digital preprocessing output data, the signal processing module accumulates a frame of data, obtains a Doppler frequency spectrum of a target through FFT (fast Fourier transform) processing, then performs target detection on the obtained frequency spectrum data by using a unit sliding window algorithm, performs corresponding processing on the detected target, and outputs trace point information; and the main control module tracks and fits the obtained point track information to obtain the track information of the target, and sends the track information to a display interface for displaying.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the power supply unit provides different types of power supplies with different capacities according to different requirements of each module of the radar on the quality and voltage of the power supply.
[ advantageous effects ]
Aiming at the technical difficulty of the application of the ship radar on large cargo ships and other offshore platforms, the active phased array radar is designed and realized by combining the technical characteristics of the active phased array radar. Compared with the existing military ship-borne active phased array radar, the active phased array radar has the following characteristics:
(1) the beam width of the antenna elevation dimension is inversely proportional to the dimension of the antenna, and the antenna gain is proportional to the area of the antenna.
By increasing the width of the pitching dimension of the antenna, the beam width of the pitching dimension of the antenna is reduced, and the irradiation of the antenna beam on a target is not influenced, because the active phased array can rapidly and electronically scan the beam irradiated on the target, which is difficult to realize by the traditional mechanical scanning. The area of the antenna is increased, the antenna gain is improved, and the 4 th power of the radar action distance is in direct proportion to the radar radiation power and the antenna gain, so that the peak power of the antenna can be effectively reduced under the same radar action distance, and the physiological influence of electromagnetic radiation on personnel on a ship is greatly reduced;
(2) any one dimension or two dimensions of azimuth or pitching dimension can be adopted for phased array scanning, and the phased array scanning can be adopted in the pitching dimension in consideration of cost more;
(3) the software radio technology is used, namely, the radio frequency processing unit directly reaches the working frequency below 6GHz after adopting one-time frequency conversion, and then performs orthogonal demodulation and signal acquisition, thereby realizing the digital processing of intermediate frequency signals, not only reducing the equipment quantity, but also reducing the cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an active phased array radar
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an active phased array antenna
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the RF processing unit
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an up-conversion module
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a digital IF cell
FIG. 6 is a hardware block diagram of a digital processing unit
FIG. 7 Power supply Unit composition Block diagram
Detailed Description
Embodiment 1 an active phased array radar for a ship
The active phased array radar for ship consists of mainly two parts, including radar main unit and servo turntable.
The radar host mainly comprises an active phased array antenna, a radio frequency processing unit, a digital intermediate frequency unit, a digital processing unit and a power supply unit, and the composition block diagram of the radar host is shown in figure 1.
1. Active phased array antenna
The active phased-array Antenna mainly comprises a waveguide slot Antenna, a T/R (transmitter and receiver) component, an Antenna Interface Module (Antenna Interface Module) and a wave control/power supply distribution network, and is used for amplifying radio frequency signals, space scanning radiation and low-noise amplification of radar echoes. With low side lobe beamforming capability and power management capability as shown in fig. 2.
Wherein,
the waveguide slot antenna is connected with the T/R component and is used for power amplification of transmitted signals, low-noise amplification of received signals, conversion of receiving/transmitting working states and the like; the wave control/power supply distribution network is connected with the input ports of the power supply unit and the digital processing unit and is used for supplying power to the T/R assembly and distributing wave control signals; the T/R component is connected with the antenna interface module and is used for distributing radar excitation signals, synthesizing antenna receiving signals and generating sum and difference signals; the antenna interface module is connected with the radio frequency processing unit and used for receiving radar excitation signals generated by the up-conversion module in the radio frequency processing unit and outputting sum and difference path signals formed by the antenna to the down-conversion module of the radio frequency processing unit.
The azimuth dimension of the active phased array antenna is the same as that of a traditional marine mechanical scanning anti-collision radar, and the length of the active phased array antenna is 4 feet and about 1.2 meters; the elevation direction adopts phased array scanning, the elevation direction antenna width of the traditional marine mechanical scanning anti-collision radar is increased to 12 cm on the basis of 6 cm, so that the elevation direction antenna beam width is reduced, the real-time scheduling of the antenna beam to a target due to the phased array scanning is not influenced, the advantage is that the radiation power is reduced in the same proportion due to the increase of the antenna gain under the condition of the same detection distance requirement, the gain of the antenna is increased by one time during transmitting and receiving, the antenna gain is 4 times of the original gain, and the radiation power can be reduced to 1/4 of the original radiation power.
The T/R component is a multi-integrated circuit which comprises a radio frequency transmitting signal which is amplified step by step, an antenna receiving signal which is amplified with low noise and controlled by attenuation, and radio frequency signal phase adjustment according to different working frequencies and scanning angles of the antenna, and is a special integrated circuit module which is realized by microelectronic welding and packaging processes. The function is to output the radio frequency emission signal to the waveguide slot antenna through the circulator after phase shift amplification; receiving an echo signal of the waveguide slot antenna, inputting the echo signal through a circulator, and outputting the echo signal to an antenna interface module after amplitude limiting, amplification and phase shifting; receiving the phase shift and attenuation control information of the receiving and transmitting channel sent by the wave control/power distribution network, and controlling the numerical control phase shifter and the numerical control attenuator of the T/R component after format conversion so as to realize the adjustment of the amplitude and the phase of the channel signal.
2. Radio frequency processing unit
The radio frequency processing unit mainly comprises three modules: the device comprises an up-conversion module, a down-conversion module and a local oscillator and reference generation module, and is used for up-conversion of excitation signals, pre-filtering of received signals, analog frequency conversion amplification and band-pass filtering and generation of radar frequency source signals. When the radar works, baseband intermediate frequency signals generated by the digital intermediate frequency unit are subjected to frequency mixing with a first local oscillator signal and a second local oscillator signal through the up-conversion module to obtain radar excitation signals and radar calibration and target analog signals, and the radar excitation signals and the radar calibration and target analog signals are output to an antenna array surface to be radiated outwards. The antenna array performs 4-way narrow-band radio frequency reception on the received target echo signal to complete down-conversion processing, and the block diagram is shown in fig. 3.
Wherein,
as shown in fig. 4, the up-conversion part includes an up-conversion channel, a cavity filter, a coupler and a PA controller, and is configured to perform up-conversion on an analog intermediate frequency signal generated by the digital intermediate frequency unit and a local oscillator LO1 and a local oscillator LO2 signal generated by the local oscillator and reference generation module, respectively, twice, and then convert the up-converted analog intermediate frequency signal into a radio frequency signal, then filter the radio frequency signal by the cavity filter, and send the radio frequency signal to the coupler to control the signal output direction, and finally send the radio frequency signal to the active phased array antenna after passing through the PA controller, and transmit the radio frequency signal as a radiation signal.
The down-conversion part is used for respectively mixing, filtering and amplifying signals received by the 4 paths of antennas with a local oscillator LO1 and a two local oscillator LO2 signals generated by the local oscillator and reference generation module to obtain intermediate frequency signals, and outputting the intermediate frequency signals to the digital intermediate frequency unit for AD acquisition.
The local oscillator and reference generation module is used for generating two local oscillator signals of LO1 and LO2 and a plurality of reference signals with high quality, and the frequency of LO2 can be controlled by an external controller.
3 digital intermediate frequency unit
The digital intermediate frequency unit mainly comprises a signal generating and collecting module, a digital down-conversion module and an interface/time sequence control module, and is used for radar intermediate frequency signal generation and collection, digital down-conversion processing, radar interface control and the like.
Wherein,
the signal generating and collecting module mainly comprises a 4-channel 16bit of ADI company, a high-speed collecting chip of 125MSPS (digital synthesis system) ([ AD9653 ]) and a DDS chip developed and produced by ADI company ([ AD9910 ]), and multi-channel signal collection and DDS signal generation are completed.
The digital down-conversion module and the interface/timing control module run in a high-performance FPGA [ XC7K325T ] of kiltex 7 series of Xilinx company, and are used for digital filtering of intermediate frequency signals, generation of radar reference pulses, and reception and transmission of control information, and a schematic block diagram is shown in fig. 5.
The radar interface/time sequence control module receives external control information, generates a corresponding reference pulse signal, drives the signal generation and acquisition module to transmit an intermediate frequency signal to the radio frequency processing unit, and transmits the intermediate frequency signal after being processed by the up-conversion module of the radio frequency processing unit. After being received by the antenna array surface, the signals are subjected to down-conversion processing by the radio frequency processing unit and then input to the signal generation and acquisition module for intermediate frequency AD acquisition, after the acquisition is completed, the signals are input to the digital down-conversion module for filtering to obtain baseband digital signals, and then the baseband data signals are output to the digital processing unit.
4 digital processing unit
The digital processing unit adopts a full digitalization design and comprises a digital preprocessing module, a signal processing module and a main control module.
The digital preprocessing module is mainly used for digital unpacking, fixed-floating conversion, AGC calculation, channel calibration, pulse pressure and other processing, the signal processing module mainly comprises coherent accumulation, power spectrum generation, CFAR detection, target processing and the like, and the main control module mainly comprises functions of external communication, radar control, multi-target tracking processing and the like.
The digital preprocessing module carries out unpacking and fixed-floating conversion processing on the baseband digital signals output by the digital intermediate frequency unit, converts 16-bit fixed-point data into 32-bit floating-point data, multiplies each digital channel by a corresponding calibration coefficient, carries out corresponding channel calibration, and corrects the phases and amplitudes of all channel signals to be consistent. And finally, performing pulse compression processing on the calibrated signal, and packaging and sending the signal to a signal processing module. After signal processing receives digital preprocessing output data, accumulating a frame of data, obtaining a Doppler frequency spectrum of a target through FFT processing, then carrying out target detection on the obtained frequency spectrum data by using a unit sliding window algorithm, carrying out corresponding processing on the detected target, and outputting trace point information.
The fast tracking capability of a plurality of targets on the sea is the inertia-free electronic beam scanning capability of an active phased array; the stronger detection and discovery ability to marine small-size ship target mainly is because active phased array radar has bigger signal bandwidth, and the signal bandwidth can reach 100 megahertz to bring higher distance resolution, distance resolution reaches 1.5 meters, and the echo intensity of sea clutter can effectively be reduced to littleer resolution apart from the unit, thereby realizes the suppression to sea clutter, and can promote the detection discovery ability of small-size ship target.
And the main control module tracks and fits the obtained point track information to obtain the track information of the target, and sends the track information to a display interface for displaying.
In terms of hardware design, a typical architecture of parallel processing of an FPGA and a multi-core DSP is adopted by a single board, peripheral equipment is composed of modules such as a sum-difference high-speed channel SRIO, a high-capacity storage DDR3 and a CAN communication module, under the condition that the requirement of high-performance signal processing is met, fewer integrated circuit devices are used, the power consumption of a system is reduced, and a hardware schematic block diagram is shown in FIG. 6.
5 Power supply Unit
The power supply unit is used for supplying power for the radar host and the servo turntable, provides power supplies with different capacities of different varieties according to different requirements of each radar module on power quality and voltage, and mainly comprises two parts: the first is 325V DC direct current power supply input by the platform, which supplies power for the servo turntable. And the second is a 28V DC power supply input by the platform and used for supplying power to the radar host. The block diagram is shown in fig. 7.
The servo turntable is a unit module independent of the radar host, is mainly used for receiving a control command of the radar host, provides azimuth rotation and pitching angle adjustment for the radar host, is installed on the platform through the bottom surface of the base, and is fastened with a threaded hole on the platform through a group of through holes arranged on the base by screws.
Embodiment 2 application of active phased array radar technology to ocean vessel anti-pirate surveillance radar project
Commercial ships and cargo ships sailing in the ocean are distributed all over the world all the year round, and once the ships encounter maritime safety crisis such as pirates, rescue is often impossible, so that the self independent defense capacity needs to be improved. By using the active phased array technology, the marine early warning radar has the rapid scanning and early warning capabilities. The project is based on a certain large-scale transnational marine company platform, active phased array radars are designed and installed on thousands of large-tonnage ocean ships, the design index is reached, and the user requirements are met.
The ship monitoring radar using the active phased array technology can rapidly scan and find a target in the range of 360 degrees in azimuth and 0-70 degrees in pitch, the working distance can reach 40Km, the finding probability can reach more than 80 percent, and the false alarm rate is 10-6(ii) a The radial distance resolution of the radar target can reach 10m, the azimuth angle resolution can reach 1.8 degrees +/-0.2 degrees, and the pitch angle resolution is as follows: 3.2 ° ± 0.2 °; radial distance error is not more than 10m, and azimuth angle error is not largeAt 0.2 degrees, the error of the pitch angle is not more than 0.3 degrees, and the error of the radial speed is not more than 0.5 m/s; under the condition of ensuring the action distance, the power consumption is not more than 1KW, and the electromagnetic injury to personnel can be effectively reduced; the use of modular T/R reduces the overall radar cost by 40%.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The marine active phased array radar is characterized by consisting of a radar host and a servo turntable, wherein the radar host comprises an active phased array antenna, a radio frequency processing unit, a digital intermediate frequency unit, a digital processing unit and a power supply unit;
the active phased array antenna mainly comprises a waveguide slot antenna, a T/R component, an antenna interface module and a wave control/power distribution network, and is used for amplifying radio frequency signals, space scanning radiation and low-noise amplification of radar echoes; the slot antenna is connected with the T/R assembly, and the T/R assembly is connected with the antenna interface module and the wave control/power distribution network; the active phased array antenna performs phased array scanning by adopting any one dimension or two dimensions in azimuth or elevation dimensions;
the radio frequency processing unit comprises three modules: the system comprises an up-conversion module, a down-conversion module and a local oscillator and reference generation module, wherein the up-conversion module, the down-conversion module and the local oscillator and reference generation module are used for up-conversion of an excitation signal, pre-filtering of a received signal, analog frequency conversion amplification and band-pass filtering and generation of a radar frequency source signal;
the digital intermediate frequency unit mainly comprises a signal generating and collecting module, a digital down-conversion module and an interface/time sequence control module, and is used for radar intermediate frequency signal generation and collection, digital down-conversion processing and radar interface control;
the digital processing unit comprises a digital preprocessing module, a signal processing module and a main control module, wherein the digital preprocessing module is used for performing digital packet disassembly, fixed-floating conversion, AGC calculation, channel calibration, pulse pressure and other processing, the signal processing module comprises coherent accumulation, power spectrum generation, CFAR detection, target processing and the like, and the main control module is used for performing external communication, radar control and multi-target tracking processing;
the power supply unit is used for supplying power to the radar host and the servo rotary table, the servo rotary table is used for receiving a control command of the radar host, providing azimuth rotation and pitching angle adjustment for the radar host, and the servo rotary table is installed on the platform through the bottom surface of the base.
2. The active phased array radar for ships as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waveguide slot antenna is connected to the T/R module for radiation and reception of radio frequency signals; the wave control/power supply distribution network is connected with the power supply input port and is used for supplying power to the T/R assembly and generating signals; the T/R component is connected with the waveguide slot antenna and the antenna interface module and is used for power amplification of transmitted signals, low-noise amplification of received signals, conversion of receiving/transmitting working states and the like; the antenna interface module is connected with the TR component and used for transmitting, switching and inhibiting radio frequency and calibration signals, driving power amplification of the radio frequency signals and forming analog domains and differences of signals received by each subarray of the antenna.
3. The active phased array radar for the ship according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the T/R component has the function of outputting a radio frequency transmitting signal to the waveguide slot antenna through the circulator after phase-shifting amplification; receiving an echo signal of the waveguide slot antenna, inputting the echo signal through a circulator, and outputting the echo signal to an antenna interface module after amplitude limiting, amplification and phase shifting; receiving the phase shift and attenuation control information of the receiving and transmitting channel sent by the wave control/power distribution network, and controlling the numerical control phase shifter and the numerical control attenuator of the T/R component after format conversion so as to realize the adjustment of the amplitude and the phase of the channel signal.
4. The active phased array radar for the ship of claim 1, wherein the up-conversion module of the rf processing unit comprises an up-conversion channel, a cavity filter, a coupler, and a PA controller, and is configured to up-convert the analog if signal generated by the digital if unit and the first and second local oscillator signals generated by the local oscillator and reference generating module, respectively, twice, into the rf signal, then filter the rf signal by the cavity filter, send the rf signal to the coupler to control the signal output direction, and finally send the rf signal to the active phased array antenna after passing through the PA controller, and send the rf signal as the radiation signal.
5. The active phased array radar for ships as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the down-conversion module of the rf processing unit is configured to mix, filter and amplify the signals received by the slot antenna with the signals of the first local oscillator LO1 and the second local oscillator LO2 generated by the local oscillator and reference generation module, respectively, to obtain intermediate frequency signals, and output the intermediate frequency signals to the digital intermediate frequency unit for AD acquisition.
6. The active phased array radar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the local oscillator and reference generation module of the rf processing unit is configured to generate two local oscillator signals of LO1 and LO2 and several reference signals with high quality, and the frequency of LO2 is controlled by an external controller.
7. The active phased array radar for the ship of claim 1, wherein a radar interface/timing control module of the digital intermediate frequency unit receives external control information, generates a corresponding reference pulse signal, drives a signal generation and acquisition module to transmit an intermediate frequency signal to the radio frequency processing unit, and transmits the intermediate frequency signal after being processed by an up-conversion module of the radio frequency processing unit; after being received by the antenna array surface, the signals are subjected to down-conversion processing by the radio frequency processing unit and then input to the signal generation and acquisition module of the digital intermediate frequency unit for intermediate frequency AD acquisition, after the acquisition is finished, the signals are input to the digital down-conversion module for filtering to obtain baseband digital signals, and then the baseband data signals are output to the digital processing unit.
8. The active phased array radar for the ship of claim 1, wherein a digital preprocessing module of the digital processing unit unpacks baseband digital signals output by the digital intermediate frequency unit, performs fixed-floating conversion processing on the baseband digital signals, converts 16-bit fixed-point data into 32-bit floating-point data, multiplies each digital channel by a corresponding calibration coefficient, performs corresponding channel calibration, and corrects the phase and amplitude of all channel signals to be consistent; finally, performing pulse compression processing on the calibrated signal, packaging and sending the signal to a signal processing module; after receiving the digital preprocessing output data, the signal processing module accumulates a frame of data, obtains a Doppler frequency spectrum of a target through FFT processing, then uses a unit sliding window algorithm to perform target detection on the obtained frequency spectrum data, performs corresponding processing on the detected target, and outputs trace point information; and the main control module tracks and fits the obtained point track information to obtain the track information of the target, and sends the track information to a display interface for displaying.
9. The active phased array radar for ships as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power supply unit provides different types of power supplies with different capacities according to different requirements of each radar module on power quality and voltage.
10. The marine active phased array radar of claim 1, wherein the active phased array antenna employs marine mechanical scanning in an azimuth dimension and phased array scanning in a pitch dimension, the pitch dimension antenna width being at least 2 times the pitch direction antenna width of the marine mechanical scanning collision avoidance radar.
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