CN113513391A - 柴油发动机排气后处理系统及其加热方法 - Google Patents

柴油发动机排气后处理系统及其加热方法 Download PDF

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CN113513391A
CN113513391A CN202010276754.5A CN202010276754A CN113513391A CN 113513391 A CN113513391 A CN 113513391A CN 202010276754 A CN202010276754 A CN 202010276754A CN 113513391 A CN113513391 A CN 113513391A
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heated
metal plate
control unit
heating device
diesel engine
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胡仁静
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Tenneco Suzhou Emission System Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
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    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea

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Abstract

一种柴油发动机排气后处理系统，其包括排气后处理封装、电源、控制单元以及线圈加热装置。所述排气后处理封装包括排气入口、排气出口以及位于所述排气入口与所述排气出口之间的待加热金属板，其中：所述电源与所述控制单元相连，为所述控制单元供给其工作所需的电源；所述控制单元与所述线圈加热装置相连，所述线圈加热装置安装在所述待加热金属板上；当所述待加热金属板需要加热时，所述控制单元传输交变电压信号给所述线圈加热装置，使所述线圈加热装置在所述待加热金属板产生电涡流效应，从而提高所述待加热金属板的温度。本发明还涉及该柴油发动机排气后处理系统的加热方法。

Description

柴油发动机排气后处理系统及其加热方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种柴油发动机排气后处理系统及其加热方法，属于柴油发动机尾气后处理技术领域。
背景技术
柴油发动机排气后处理系统用以处理柴油发动机排放的尾气。随着国家排放法规的不断升级，对尾气中有害物质的处理要求也越来越高。作为一种典型的技术路线，为了降低有害物质的浓度，需要增加喷射入尾气中的尿素溶液的量。这种技术路线面临的挑战是，当增加尿素喷射量后容易造成尿素结晶的问题。本领域技术人员知晓，温度对尿素结晶的影响至关重要，温度越低，尿素结晶风险越大。因此，为了降低尿素结晶，需要提高温度。
当前存在电热丝加热和燃料燃烧炉加热两种技术，其中电热丝加热响应慢，铺设不灵活，占用面积大，耗能大；燃料燃烧炉加热技术需要额外消耗燃料(例如柴油等)，会额外产生废气污染物，且安装不灵活，成本高。
因此，有必要设计出一种新型的柴油发动机排气后处理系统及其加热方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种便于安装且成本较低的柴油发动机排气后处理系统及其加热方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种柴油发动机排气后处理系统，其包括排气后处理封装、电源、控制单元以及线圈加热装置，所述排气后处理封装包括排气入口、排气出口以及位于所述排气入口与所述排气出口之间的待加热金属板，其中：所述电源与所述控制单元相连，为所述控制单元供给其工作所需的电源；所述控制单元与所述线圈加热装置相连，所述线圈加热装置安装在所述待加热金属板上；当所述待加热金属板需要加热时，所述控制单元传输交变电压信号给所述线圈加热装置，使所述线圈加热装置在所述待加热金属板产生电涡流效应，从而提高所述待加热金属板的温度。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述线圈加热装置与所述待加热金属板相接触。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述线圈加热装置与所述待加热金属板不接触。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述柴油发动机排气后处理系统还包括连接所述线圈加热装置与所述控制单元的传感器信号线，以将所述待加热金属板的温度反馈给所述控制单元。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述排气后处理封装包括柴油催化氧化剂(DOC)、位于所述柴油催化氧化剂(DOC)的下游的柴油颗粒捕集器(DPF)、位于所述柴油颗粒捕集器(DPF)的下游的选择性催化还原剂(SCR)以及位于所述柴油颗粒捕集器(DPF)与所述选择性催化还原剂(SCR)之间的混合器。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述电源为电池或者发电机。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述控制单元为汽车电子控制单元(ECU)。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，所述线圈加热装置包括用以接收交变电压信号的直流线圈。
本发明还涉及一种柴油发动机排气后处理系统的加热方法，该加热方法包括如下步骤：
S1：判断所述待加热金属板是否需要加热；
S2：当确定需要加热时，所述控制单元传输交变电压信号给所述线圈加热装置，所述线圈加热装置在沿垂直于所述待加热金属板的方向上产生交变磁场，该交变磁场在所述待加热金属板产生电涡流效应，从而使所述待加热金属板产生电涡流，释放出焦耳热，以提高所述待加热金属板的温度。
作为本发明进一步改进的技术方案，该加热方法还包括如下步骤：
S3：将所述待加热金属板的温度反馈给所述控制单元。
相较于现有技术，本发明通过设置线圈加热装置且利用电磁涡流加热技术来实现加热，便于安装且成本较低。
附图说明
图1是本发明柴油发动机排气后处理系统的示意图。
图2是电涡流加热的原理图。
具体实施方式
请参图1及图2所示，本发明揭示了一种柴油发动机排气后处理系统，其包括排气后处理封装1、电源2、控制单元3以及线圈加热装置4。所述排气后处理封装1包括排气入口11、排气出口12以及位于所述排气入口11与所述排气出口12之间的待加热金属板13。所述待加热金属板13可以为排气后处理封装1的壳体，也可以为任何需要加热的壳体。所述电源2与所述控制单元3相连，为所述控制单元3供给其工作所需的电源。所述控制单元3与所述线圈加热装置4相连，所述线圈加热装置4安装在所述待加热金属板13上。当所述待加热金属板13需要加热时，所述控制单元3传输交变电压信号给所述线圈加热装置4，使所述线圈加热装置4在所述待加热金属板13产生电涡流效应，从而提高所述待加热金属板13的温度。所述线圈加热装置4可以与所述待加热金属板13相接触，或者所述线圈加热装置4与所述待加热金属板13相隔一定的距离，使二者不接触。如此设置，提高了线圈加热装置4的安装灵活性，提高了效率。
具体地，在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述排气后处理封装1包括柴油催化氧化剂(DOC)、位于所述柴油催化氧化剂(DOC)的下游的柴油颗粒捕集器(DPF)、位于所述柴油颗粒捕集器(DPF)的下游的选择性催化还原剂(SCR)以及位于所述柴油颗粒捕集器(DPF)与所述选择性催化还原剂(SCR)之间的混合器。所述待加热金属板13对应于所述混合器。当然，在其它实施方式中，所述待加热金属板13可以是所述排气后处理封装1任何需要加热的表面，并不局限于混合器部分。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述电源2为车载电源，例如电池或者发电机。所述控制单元3为汽车电子控制单元(ECU)。所述电源2与所述控制单元3通过第一连接线束51进行连接，所述控制单元3与所述线圈加热装置4通过第二连接线束52进行连接。此外，所述柴油发动机排气后处理系统还包括连接所述线圈加热装置4与所述控制单元3的传感器信号线53，以将所述待加热金属板13的温度反馈给所述控制单元3。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述线圈加热装置4包括用以接收交变电压信号的直流线圈，例如铁芯线圈等。
当柴油发动机排气后处理系统进行尾气净化时，根据需要，在排气后处理封装1的局部(对应于所述待加热金属板13)辅助加热，以利于柴油发动机排气后处理系统对尾气的净化处理。具体地，在排气后处理封装1的待加热金属板13加装所述线圈加热装置4。线圈加热装置4的形状不限，可以根据实际需要灵活设计。然后，在直流线圈的正下方贴附与传感器信号线53相连的温度传感器，以实时监控待加热金属板13的温度，从而使该温度被控制单元3控制在所需的温度范围内。
本发明柴油发动机排气后处理系统的加热方法包括如下步骤：
S1：判断所述待加热金属板13是否需要加热；
S2：当确定需要加热时，所述控制单元3传输交变电压信号给所述线圈加热装置4，所述线圈加热装置4在沿垂直于所述待加热金属板13的方向上产生交变磁场，该交变磁场在所述待加热金属板13产生电涡流效应，从而使所述待加热金属板13产生电涡流，释放出焦耳热，以提高所述待加热金属板13的温度。
具体地，请参照图2所示，控制单元3传输可变频率的交变电压Ui给所述线圈加热装置4，所述线圈加热装置4内产生电流I1，所述线圈加热装置4在沿其装置内的直流线圈垂直于待加热金属板13的方向上产生交变磁场H1(例如受控交变磁场)。该受控交变磁场H1在待加热金属板13产生电涡流效应，产生与交变磁场H1方向相反的感应磁场H2，并产生交变电流I2(即电涡流)，释放出大量的焦耳热(公式为Q＝I2 2*R*T，其中Q代表焦耳热，I2代表前述的交变电流，R代表电阻，T代表时间)，最终实现加热目的。线圈加热装置4与待加热金属板13之间具有高度X，该高度X可以调节。
该加热方法还包括如下步骤：
S3：将所述待加热金属板13的温度反馈给所述控制单元3。
相较于现有技术，本发明通过设置线圈加热装置4且利用电磁涡流加热技术来实现加热，便于安装、成本较低、加热响应快且不会因加热本身额外产生废气污染物。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明而并非限制本发明所描述的技术方案，对本说明书的理解应该以所属技术领域的技术人员为基础，尽管本说明书参照上述的实施例对本发明已进行了详细的说明，但是，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，所属技术领域的技术人员仍然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，而一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种柴油发动机排气后处理系统，其特征在于：包括排气后处理封装、电源、控制单元以及线圈加热装置，所述排气后处理封装包括排气入口、排气出口以及位于所述排气入口与所述排气出口之间的待加热金属板，其中：所述电源与所述控制单元相连，为所述控制单元供给其工作所需的电源；所述控制单元与所述线圈加热装置相连，所述线圈加热装置安装在所述待加热金属板上；当所述待加热金属板需要加热时，所述控制单元传输交变电压信号给所述线圈加热装置，使所述线圈加热装置在所述待加热金属板产生电涡流效应，从而提高所述待加热金属板的温度。
2.如权利要求1所述的柴油发动机排气后处理系统，其特征在于：所述线圈加热装置与所述待加热金属板相接触。
3.如权利要求1所述的柴油发动机排气后处理系统，其特征在于：所述线圈加热装置与所述待加热金属板不接触。
4.如权利要求1所述的柴油发动机排气后处理系统，其特征在于：所述柴油发动机排气后处理系统还包括连接所述线圈加热装置与所述控制单元的传感器信号线，以将所述待加热金属板的温度反馈给所述控制单元。
5.如权利要求1所述的柴油发动机排气后处理系统，其特征在于：所述排气后处理封装包括柴油催化氧化剂(DOC)、位于所述柴油催化氧化剂(DOC)的下游的柴油颗粒捕集器(DPF)、位于所述柴油颗粒捕集器(DPF)的下游的选择性催化还原剂(SCR)以及位于所述柴油颗粒捕集器(DPF)与所述选择性催化还原剂(SCR)之间的混合器。
6.如权利要求1所述的柴油发动机排气后处理系统，其特征在于：所述电源为电池或者发电机。
7.如权利要求1所述的柴油发动机排气后处理系统，其特征在于：所述控制单元为汽车电子控制单元(ECU)。
8.如权利要求1所述的柴油发动机排气后处理系统，其特征在于：所述线圈加热装置包括用以接收交变电压信号的直流线圈。
9.一种如权利要求1至8项中任意一项所述的柴油发动机排气后处理系统的加热方法，该加热方法包括如下步骤：
S1：判断所述待加热金属板是否需要加热；
S2：当确定需要加热时，所述控制单元传输交变电压信号给所述线圈加热装置，所述线圈加热装置在沿垂直于所述待加热金属板的方向上产生交变磁场，该交变磁场在所述待加热金属板产生电涡流效应，从而使所述待加热金属板产生电涡流，释放出焦耳热，以提高所述待加热金属板的温度。
10.如权利要求9所述的加热方法，其特征在于：该加热方法还包括如下步骤：
S3：将所述待加热金属板的温度反馈给所述控制单元。
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