CN113508781A - Method for ecologically raising black goats without resistance based on utilization of agricultural product leftovers - Google Patents
Method for ecologically raising black goats without resistance based on utilization of agricultural product leftovers Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于利用农产品下脚料生态无抗养殖黑山羊的方法，采用TMR全混合日粮模式饲喂，所述TMR全混合日粮的精饲料与粗饲料的重量配比为3‑5：5‑7；所述粗饲料为甘蔗尾叶、茉莉花渣、金银花渣的混合物；先将所述粗饲料投放到小型简易TMR生产装置中，搅拌处理10‑15分钟，然后再将所述精饲料投放到小型简易TMR生产装置中，继续搅拌处理5‑10分钟，停止搅拌后取料饲喂黑山羊。本发明通过将甘蔗尾叶进行预先切割粉碎处理，然后再与茉莉花渣、金银花渣和精饲料一起混合揉搓研磨为全混合日粮对山羊进行饲喂，确保山羊的营养均衡，提高山羊免疫力，再与良种繁育、环境控制、卫生防疫相结合，显著减少显著山羊疾病发生率，从而实现绿色无抗生态养殖。
The invention relates to a method for cultivating black goats based on the use of agricultural product leftovers without ecological resistance, which adopts a TMR total mixed ration mode for feeding, and the weight ratio of the concentrated feed and the roughage of the TMR total mixed ration is 3-5: 5-7; Described roughage is the mixture of sugarcane tail leaves, jasmine slag, honeysuckle slag; First, the roughage is put into a small and simple TMR production device, stirred for 10-15 minutes, and then the concentrate is put into In the small and simple TMR production device, the stirring process was continued for 5-10 minutes, and the black goats were fed after stopping the stirring. In the present invention, the tail leaves of sugarcane are pre-cut and pulverized, and then mixed, kneaded and ground together with jasmine slag, honeysuckle slag and concentrated feed to feed the goats, so as to ensure the nutritional balance of the goats and improve the immunity of the goats. Combined with improved breed breeding, environmental control, and sanitation and epidemic prevention, it can significantly reduce the incidence of significant goat diseases, so as to achieve green resistance-free ecological breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a method for ecologically breeding black goats without resistance based on agricultural product leftovers.
Background
Currently, the veterinary antibacterial drugs approved by China for the breeding industry are mainly divided into two main classes, namely antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial drugs. The main varieties of the antibiotics comprise 8 types such as beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, tetracycline and the like, and 56 varieties are provided in total; the main varieties of the synthetic antibacterial drugs comprise 3 types of sulfonamides, quinolones and other synthetic antibacterial drugs, and the total number of the synthetic antibacterial drugs is 45. The use of antibacterial agents in animal husbandry is currently a great challenge. The important task of the nationwide animal source bacteria drug resistance action program (2017-2020) is to implement 'quit action' and push the growth-promoting antibacterial drugs to gradually quit. WHO is also calling for a reduction in the use of various important antibacterial agents in food animals, and the use of growth-promoting and prophylactic antibacterial agents for unharmed animals is prohibited. Unless the individual with the disease is diagnosed in the same group, the use of an antibacterial drug, i.e. "no resistance", is not allowed for healthy animals. The currently advocated 'nonreactive breeding' means that the absolutely nonreactive breeding is realized from seed source selection, environmental control, a breeding process to a final product.
In order to realize antibiotic-free breeding, the method starts with veterinary drugs, strengthens scientific and technological support, increases the research and development strength of veterinary antibacterial drugs for replacing drugs, strengthens the self health management and nutrition guarantee of livestock, and realizes 'preventive treatment' in the aspect of feed, thereby being a method with higher efficiency and more remarkable benefit.
Guangxi is the main sugarcane production area in China, a large amount of sugarcane tail leaves are produced every year, the digestion energy of water content of each kilogram of sugarcane tail leaves (dry matter) is 5.68MJ, crude protein is 3-6%, the sugar content is high, the palatability is good, and the feed is a good feed resource for developing animal husbandry. Particularly, in the harvesting period (11 months to 4 months in the next year) of the sugarcane, the tail leaves of the sugarcane are used as green and coarse feed in a positive subtitling period, so that the contradiction of insufficient feed of the cattle and sheep in overwintering and spring crossing can be solved; however, because the volume of the sugarcane tails is large, the water content and the crude fiber content are high, and the storage is difficult, the utilization rate of livestock breeding of the sugarcane tails in our area is low, and further research and popularization on the treatment, storage and utilization of the sugarcane tails are needed. The current utilization method of the tail leaves of the sugarcane comprises the following steps: directly feeding after cutting short, directly adding 0.5% of urea for feeding after cutting short, and ensiling tail leaves of sugarcane with urea. Because the tail leaves of the sugarcane have the characteristics of high sugar content and high cellulose lignin content, the nutritional metabolic disease of goats is easily caused, and poisoning can be caused if urea is improperly added.
Guangxi is also the biggest jasmine and honeysuckle producing area in China, a large amount of jasmine and honeysuckle are harvested and used for smoking jasmine and honeysuckle, or jasmine essential oil and honeysuckle essential oil are extracted, only volatile components in flowers are used, so that the contents of nutritional components and plant flavone and polysaccharide components in jasmine residues and honeysuckle residues are high, the contents of the biological active components can improve the immunity of animal organisms, if the biological active components can be developed into feed for feeding livestock, the immunity of the livestock organisms can be improved, the infection diseases of the livestock are reduced or even avoided, and ecological nonreactive breeding is achieved.
The jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues are not common livestock feed, the sheep have a high choice, and the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues are successfully fed to the sheep, and only a total mixed ration technology can be adopted. The Total Mixed Ration (TMR) is a feeding technology which fully mixes coarse fodder, fine fodder, mineral substances, vitamins and other additives and can provide enough nutrition to meet the requirements of ruminants such as cattle and sheep, the TMR feeding technology can ensure that the ration is the complete ration with stable fine and coarse proportion and consistent nutrient concentration every time the ruminants feed one bite of ration on the basis of matched technical measures and TMR machinery with excellent performance, and the problem of mouth picking of livestock can be solved. At present, the mature ruminant feeding technology is widely used in Israel, America, Italy, Canada and other countries, and the China is gradually popularized and used. The TMR equipment is expensive, so that the TMR equipment is commonly used in dairy cow breeding in China at present, the feed intake of dairy cows is large, the power of the needed TMR equipment is high, and the price of imported large-scale TMR equipment is further increased. But this technological principle is simple, and the fine and coarse matching is fed the same scientific and reasonable for the goat, consequently need develop the small-size simple and easy TMR equipment that is fit for goat's plant to the low price satisfies that goat's plant provides the scientific stable complete ration of fine and coarse ratio for the goat, improves goat's plant production efficiency. For Guangxi goat farms, the cost of using high-quality pasture such as alfalfa is too high, the local best coarse feed resources are agricultural product leftovers such as sugarcane tail leaves, jasmine flower residues and honeysuckle flower residues, and the feed source problem of the goat farms can be solved by fully utilizing the agricultural product leftovers by adopting a TMR technology. However, the existing TMR is too high in cost and large in abrasion, but TMR production machinery for import dairy farms is large in capacity, mostly adopts a cylinder to open a door, and the cylinder needs to be matched with an air source when in use.
On the other hand, the tail leaves of the sugarcane are large in size and high in crude fiber content, corresponding materials need to be cut and smashed when the tail leaves of the sugarcane are used as feeds, but a large amount of time and labor are occupied in the transportation and processing process, if the tail leaves of the sugarcane can be smashed after being harvested in a sugarcane field, the smashed tail leaves of the sugarcane, jasmine flower residues and honeysuckle flower residues are used as the crude feeds to prepare TMR (total mixed ration) for feeding sheep, the utilization rate of the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues is greatly improved, the immunity of the sheep is enhanced, the use of antibiotics in the sheep raising process is reduced or even avoided, and non-antibiotic breeding is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for ecologically breeding black goats without resistance based on agricultural product leftovers, which adopts a specially-made green feed harvesting pulverizer and a small-sized simple TMR production device, uses sugarcane tail leaves, jasmine flower residues and honeysuckle flower residues as raw materials of coarse feed, and prepares TMR full-mixed ration together with concentrated feed, so that the health state of the black goats in each growth stage can be remarkably improved, the incidence rate of the black goats is reduced, and the non-resistance breeding is realized.
The method for the green ecological antibiotic-free breeding of the black goats adopts TMR total mixed ration for feeding, and the weight ratio of concentrated feed to coarse feed of the TMR total mixed ration is 3-5: 5-7; the roughage is a mixture of sugarcane tail leaves, jasmine flower residues and honeysuckle flower residues, the weight percentage of the sugarcane tail leaves in the TMR total mixed ration is 40% -70%, the weight percentage of the jasmine flower residues in the TMR total mixed ration is 1% -10%, and the weight percentage of the honeysuckle flower residues in the TMR total mixed ration is 1% -10%; pretreating the sugarcane tail leaves by adopting a green feed harvesting crusher, and crushing the sugarcane tail leaves into coarse feed particles with the diameter of 1-3 cm; the concentrated feed is prepared and processed by energy feed raw materials, protein raw materials, trace element premix and vitamin premix;
the preparation method of the TMR total mixed ration comprises the following steps: firstly, putting the coarse fodder into a small simple TMR production device, stirring for 10-15 minutes, then putting the concentrated fodder into the small simple TMR production device, continuing stirring for 5-10 minutes, stopping stirring, taking the materials and feeding black goats;
the greenfeed harvesting crusher comprises a base, mountain wheels, foot supports, a speed reducer, a shell, a hob, an upper blanking hopper, a front guide chute, a guide chute plate, a bracket and a discharge chute, wherein the mountain wheels and the foot supports are respectively arranged on the periphery of the base, the speed reducer and the shell are respectively arranged on the base, the hob is arranged in the shell through a bearing seat, one end of the hob is in transmission connection with the output shaft end of the speed reducer through a coupler, the upper blanking hopper is arranged at the top of the shell, the front guide chute is arranged on the front side of the shell, the guide chute plate is arranged on two sides of the front guide chute, the bracket is in sliding connection with the guide chute plate, and the discharge chute is arranged on the rear side of the shell; the mountain land wheels are connected with each other through a coupling, and the mountain land wheels are positioned at the bottom of the base; the front side and the rear side of the machine base are provided with earhole seats, and the foot supports are connected to the earhole seats in a threaded manner; the grate plate is arranged in the casing and surrounds the periphery of the hob and is positioned at the lower part of the hob.
Small-size simple and easy TMR apparatus for producing, including organism, the door body and drive case, its characterized in that: the bottom of the machine body is provided with a movable hole, a stabilizer bar is fixedly arranged inside the movable hole, an adjusting rod is movably arranged on the surface of the stabilizer bar, and the top of the adjusting rod extends into the machine body and is fixedly provided with a rubbing plate; the two sides of the machine body are hinged with door bodies, the interiors of the door bodies are movably provided with inserting plates through springs, one ends of the inserting plates, far away from the springs, extend into the interior of the machine body, and one sides of the door bodies are fixedly provided with movable rods; the front side of the machine body is fixedly provided with a driving box, the interior of the driving box is fixedly provided with a motor, the output end of the motor is fixedly provided with a stirring shaft, one end of the stirring shaft extends to the interior of the machine body, the surface of the stirring shaft is sequentially and fixedly provided with a grinding disc and a material turning plate, the interior of the kneading plate is movably connected with the surface of the stirring shaft, the interior of the driving box is movably provided with a driving shaft, the driving shaft is connected with the stirring shaft through a chain in a transmission manner, the surface of the driving shaft is fixedly provided with a circuitous seat, the bottom of the adjusting rod extends to the interior of the circuitous seat, and two sides of the inner wall of the circuitous seat are respectively provided with a first arc-shaped bulge and a second arc-shaped bulge; the first arc-shaped protrusion and the second arc-shaped protrusion are arranged in a staggered mode, and the front face of the adjusting rod is movably connected with the back face of the second arc-shaped protrusion.
Further, hopper and blowpit under upper portion all link up with the casing mutually, and the top of hopper is articulated through the hinge to have the top cap under the upper portion.
Furthermore, the front guide chute is communicated with the machine shell, the inner top of the front guide chute is inclined, and a roller is arranged on the front guide chute.
Further, a handle is fixedly arranged on one side of the door body, hanging rings are movably arranged on the surface of the handle through a connecting rope, and hooks are fixedly arranged on two sides of the machine body.
Furthermore, the opposite surfaces of the rubbing plate and the grinding plate are fixedly provided with a convex block, and one end of the movable rod, which is far away from the inserting plate, extends to the outside of the door body.
Furthermore, the front and the back of the machine body are both fixedly provided with supporting legs.
Further, the inside of activity hole is fixed and is provided with sealed the pad, the inside of sealed pad cup joints with the fixed surface of adjusting the pole, sealed pad is the rubber pad.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the concentrated feed to the coarse feed of the TMR total mixed ration is that the weight ratio of the weaned lamb 5: 5. adult sheep 4: 6. gestational ewe 3: 7.
preferably, the weight of the sugarcane tail leaves, the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues in the roughage accounts for 48% of the total mixed ration of TMR for weaning lambs: 1%: 1 percent; 50% of adult sheep: 5%: 5 percent; 60% of ewes in gestation period: 5%: 5 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a method for ecologically raising black goats without antibiotics based on agricultural product leftovers, which comprises the steps of pre-cutting and crushing sugarcane tail leaves, mixing, kneading and grinding the sugarcane tail leaves, jasmine flower residues, honeysuckle flower residues and concentrated feed into full-mixed ration, feeding goats, ensuring balanced nutrition of the goats, improving goat immunity, and obviously reducing the incidence rate of goat diseases by combining with fine breeding, environmental control and epidemic prevention, thereby realizing green antibiotic-free ecological raising.
2. The special green feed reaping crusher capable of adjusting the reaping height is adopted, the added mountain wheels are convenient to adapt to different roads for walking, the green feed reaping crusher can be pushed to the field to crush on the spot, meanwhile, the foot supports can be used for coping with the unevenness of the field or rugged road, and the whole stable effect is kept when the crusher works. This greenfeed that can adjust height of reaping reaps rubbing crusher to mainly be the sugarcane tail leaf, with leading baffle box design for adjustable length, promptly under the effect of deflector plate, the bracket can be pulled in and pull out, can hold the support when being used for the sugarcane tail leaf like this, is unlikely to drag ground and influences into the feed, and can receive a bit on other short forage grasses.
3. The invention adopts a specially-made small-sized simple TMR production device, is suitable for goat farms in southern mountainous areas, and is particularly suitable for sugarcane tail leaves by arranging a grinding disc material turning plate and a rubbing plate, starting a motor to drive a driving shaft to rotate, driving the rubbing plate to move back and forth through a circuitous seat when the driving shaft rotates, and starting rubbing feed by a bump on the opposite surface of the rubbing plate and the grinding plate when the rubbing plate is close to the grinding plate. The coarse fodder that the goat likes to eat is long and thin threadiness, and this small-size simple and easy TMR apparatus for producing is exactly the mode that adopts to rub the grinding rather than the cutting, rubs the wire drawing with the coarse fodder, can effectively reduce the problem of the blade wearing and tearing of current TMR equipment, realizes concentrated feed and coarse fodder misce bene, has avoided appearing the layering, has guaranteed mixing efficiency.
4. According to the small simple TMR production device, the machine body and the door body are arranged, the door body is pulled to turn over through the handle, mixed feed is discharged, the hanging ring is sleeved with the hook, the door body is kept positioned after turning over, an air cylinder is not needed to drive the door body, the processing cost is greatly reduced, the size of the device is relatively reduced, economic benefits are met, and the small simple TMR production device is widely suitable for small farms.
5. By adopting the equipment, the sugarcane tail leaves can completely replace corn straws or silage as the coarse feed of the black goats, and then the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues are mixed, wherein the ratio of the fine materials to the coarse materials is 3-5: 5-7, the complete ration balances the nutrition level of the black goats, avoids various nutritional metabolic diseases and complications thereof caused by excessive ingestion of concentrated feed when the black goats are selected for feeding, enhances the physique of the black goats, improves the immunity of the black goats, reduces the morbidity rate of the black goats, and then combines environmental disinfection and daily epidemic prevention to fundamentally solve the problem of using antibacterial drugs in the black goat breeding process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a greenfeed harvesting shredder according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a greenfeed harvesting shredder embodying the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a greenfeed harvesting shredder embodying the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a front material guide groove part of the greenfeed harvesting pulverizer adopted by the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a compact and simple TMR production apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of a body structure of a compact and simple TMR production apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the structure of an interposer used in a compact and simple TMR manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a machine base; 2. a mountain wheel; 3. a foot support; 4. a speed reducer; 5. a housing; 6. hobbing cutters; 7. an upper discharge hopper; 8. a front material guide groove; 9. a guide groove plate; 10. a bracket; 11. a discharge chute; 12. an ear hole seat; 13. a grate plate; 14. a top cover; 15. a roller; 16. a body; 161. a movable hole; 162. a stabilizer bar; 163. adjusting a rod; 164. a kneading board; 165. a gasket; 166. hooking; 17. a door body; 171. a handle; 172. connecting ropes; 173. hanging a ring; 174. inserting plates; 175. a movable rod; 18. a drive box; 181. a motor; 182. a stirring shaft; 183. a grinding disk; 184. a material turning plate; 185. a drive shaft; 186. a circuitous seat; 1861. a first arc-shaped protrusion; 1862. a second arc-shaped protrusion.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for ecologically raising black goats without antibiotics by using agricultural product leftovers, which is characterized in that TMR total mixed ration is adopted for feeding, and the weight ratio of concentrated feed to coarse feed of the TMR total mixed ration is 3-5: 5-7; the roughage is a mixture of sugarcane tail leaves, jasmine flower residues and honeysuckle flower residues, the weight percentage of the sugarcane tail leaves in the TMR total mixed ration is 40% -70%, the weight percentage of the jasmine flower residues in the TMR total mixed ration is 1% -10%, and the weight percentage of the honeysuckle flower residues in the TMR total mixed ration is 1% -10%; pretreating the sugarcane tail leaves by adopting a green feed harvesting crusher, and crushing the sugarcane tail leaves into coarse feed particles with the diameter of 1-3 cm; the concentrated feed is prepared and processed by energy feed raw materials, protein raw materials, trace element premix and vitamin premix;
the preparation method of the TMR total mixed ration comprises the following steps: firstly, putting the coarse fodder into a small simple TMR production device, stirring for 10-15 minutes, then putting the concentrated fodder into the small simple TMR production device, continuing stirring for 5-10 minutes, stopping stirring, taking the materials and feeding black goats;
referring to fig. 1-4, the invention also discloses a green fodder reaping and crushing machine capable of adjusting reaping height, comprising a machine base 1, mountain land wheels 2, foot supports 3, a speed reducer 4, a machine shell 5, a hobbing cutter 6, an upper blanking hopper 7, a preposed material guiding chute 8, a guiding chute plate 9, a bracket 10 and a discharging chute 11, wherein the mountain land wheels 2 and the foot supports 3 are respectively arranged around the machine base 1, the added mountain land wheels 2 are convenient to adapt to different roads for walking and can be pushed to the ground in the field for on-site crushing, meanwhile, the foot supports 3 can be utilized to cope with the unevenness of the ground in the field or the rugged road, so as to keep the overall stable effect when the crushing machine works, the speed reducer 4 and the machine shell 5 are respectively arranged on the machine base 1, the hobbing cutter 6 is arranged in the machine shell 5 through a bearing seat, and one end of the hobbing cutter 6 is in transmission connection with the output shaft end of the speed reducer 4 through a coupling, hopper 7 is installed in the top of casing 5 under the upper portion, leading baffle box 8 is installed in the front side of casing 5, leading spout board 9 is installed in the both sides of leading baffle box 8, bracket 10 sliding connection is on leading spout board 9, and to the greenfeed in some areas mainly be the sugarcane tail-leaf, with leading baffle box 8 design for adjustable length, promptly under the effect of leading spout board 9, bracket 10 can pull in and pull out, can hold the support when being used for the sugarcane tail-leaf like this, is unlikely to drag the ground and influence the feeding, and can shorten a bit on being used for other short forage grasses, blowpit 11 is installed in the rear side of casing 5.
The front side and the rear side of the machine base 1 are provided with earhole seats 12, and the foot supports 3 are connected to the earhole seats 12 in a threaded mode. Through the cooperation of the foot supports 3 and the lug hole seats 12, the foot supports 3 can be adjusted to lift up and down, unevenness of the field ground or rugged road can be coped with, and the overall stabilizing effect is kept when the pulverizer works.
Specifically, the upper discharging hopper 7 and the discharging chute 11 are communicated with the machine shell 5, and the top of the upper discharging hopper 7 is hinged with a top cover 14 through a hinge. The upper blanking hopper 7 can be used for throwing other materials, the crushing condition in the machine shell 5 can be observed through the upper blanking hopper, the top cover 14 plays a sealing role in crushing, and due to the fact that the manufactured silage has acidity, anti-corrosion paint is preferably sprayed on the inner wall of the whole machine, and the service life of the silage is prolonged.
Specifically, the front guide chute 8 is communicated with the casing 5, and the inner top of the front guide chute 8 is inclined and is provided with a roller 15. The front guide chute 8 is designed to be adjustable in length by adding the guide chute plates 9 and the frame 10, can support sugarcane tail leaves, cannot influence feeding due to mopping, and the roller 15 plays a certain role in feeding and guiding.
Referring to fig. 5-8, the invention also discloses a small-sized simple TMR production device, which includes a machine body 16, a door body 17 and a driving box 18, the bottom of the machine body 16 is provided with a movable hole 161, a stabilizing rod 162 is fixedly arranged inside the movable hole 161, the surface of the stabilizing rod 162 is movably provided with an adjusting rod 163, and the top of the adjusting rod 163 extends into the machine body 16 and is fixedly provided with a kneading plate 164; the two sides of the machine body 16 are hinged with door bodies 17, the interior of each door body 17 is movably provided with an inserting plate 174 through a spring, one end of each inserting plate 174 far away from the spring extends into the interior of the machine body 16, and one side of each door body 17 is fixedly provided with a movable rod 175; a driving box 18 is fixedly arranged on the front side of the machine body 16, a motor 181 is fixedly arranged inside the driving box 18, a power supply interface of the motor 181 is arranged on the driving box 18, an output end of the motor 181 is fixedly provided with a stirring shaft 182, one end of the stirring shaft 182 extends into the machine body 16, the surface of the stirring shaft 182 is sequentially and fixedly provided with a grinding disc 183 and a material turning plate 184, the inside of the kneading plate 184 is movably connected with the surface of the stirring shaft 182, the inside of the driving box 18 is movably provided with a driving shaft 185, the driving shaft 185 is connected with the stirring shaft 182 through a chain transmission, the surface of the driving shaft 185 is fixedly provided with a circuitous seat 186, the bottom of the adjusting rod 163 extends into the circuitous seat 186, and two sides of the inner wall of the circuitous seat 186 are respectively provided with a first arc-shaped protrusion 1861 and a second arc-shaped protrusion 1862; the first arc-shaped protrusion 1861 and the second arc-shaped protrusion 1862 are arranged in a staggered manner, and the front side of the adjusting rod 163 is movably connected with the back side of the second arc-shaped protrusion 1862.
During the use, drive shaft 185 drives circuitous seat 186 when rotating and rotates, when second arc arch 1862 contradicts adjusting lever 163, make adjusting lever 163 remove backward for rubbing board 164 keeps away from the grinding plate, when first arc arch 1861 is along with rotating and is contradicted adjusting lever 163, make rubbing board 164 be close to the grinding plate, can drive rubbing board 164 reciprocating motion back and forth through circuitous seat 186, rub repeatedly and grind sugarcane tail leaf, make the broken wire drawing of sugarcane tail leaf granule, also rub simultaneously jasmine flower sediment and honeysuckle sediment and grind, make sugarcane tail leaf, jasmine flower sediment and honeysuckle sediment and concentrated feed intensive mixing, avoid the layering, further guaranteed the feed mixing effect.
Specifically, a handle 171 is fixedly arranged on one side of the door body 17, a hanging ring 173 is movably arranged on the surface of the handle 171 through a connecting rope 172, and hooks 166 are fixedly arranged on both sides of the machine body 16. Through the upset of the door body 17 of handle 171 pulling for mixed TMR fodder is discharged, and cup joint link 173 with couple 166, makes and keeps the location after the upset of the door body 17, and the device need not to adopt the cylinder drive door body 17, greatly reduced the processing cost, and makes the device volume also reduce relatively, has guaranteed the device's practicality.
Specifically, the opposite surfaces of the rubbing plate 164 and the grinding plate 183 are both fixedly provided with a bump; mutual grinding and rubbing among the convex blocks enable the coarse fodder to be extruded, crushed and drawn, and the mode that the coarse fodder is mixed and smashed by the blades for the existing large TMR equipment is changed.
Specifically, one end of the movable rod 175 away from the insert plate 174 extends to the outside of the door body 17. The design is convenient for the door body to open and close.
Specifically, the front and back of the body 16 are both fixedly provided with support legs. The supporting legs are used for supporting the machine body 16, and stability of the machine body 16 in operation is guaranteed.
Specifically, a sealing gasket 165 is fixedly arranged inside the movable hole 161, the inside of the sealing gasket 165 is fixedly sleeved with the surface of the adjusting rod 163, and the sealing gasket 165 is a rubber gasket. The adjusting rod 163 drives the sealing gasket 165 to stretch or contract when moving, the sealing gasket 165 is arranged, feed is prevented from leaking to the inside of the driving box 18 through the movable hole 161, meanwhile, the moving of the adjusting rod 163 is not influenced, and the practicability of the device is guaranteed.
When in use, concentrated feed and coarse feed to be mixed are added through the opening at the top of the machine body 16 of the small-sized simple TMR production device, the starting motor 181 drives the stirring shaft 182 and the driving shaft 185 to rotate, the driving shaft 185 drives the material turning plate 184 to turn the feed when rotating, the driving shaft 185 drives the circuitous seat 186 to rotate when rotating, the second arc-shaped protrusion 1862 abuts against the adjusting rod 163 to enable the adjusting rod 163 to move backwards, the rubbing plate 164 to be far away from the grinding plate, when the first arc-shaped protrusion 1861 abuts against the adjusting rod 163 along with the rotation, the rubbing plate 164 to be close to the grinding plate, when the rubbing plate 164 is close to the grinding plate, the bumps on the opposite surfaces of the rubbing plate 164 and the grinding plate start rubbing and grinding the feed, the coarse feed with a larger diameter is crushed and drawn, after a certain fineness, the concentrated feed and the coarse feed can be uniformly mixed, after the mixing is completed, the inserting plate 174 is pulled by the movable rod 175 to compress the spring, meanwhile, the inserting plate 174 is separated from the interior of the machine body 16, the door body 17 is pulled to turn over through the handle 171, so that the mixed feed is discharged, and the hanging ring 173 is sleeved with the hook 166, so that the door body 17 is kept in position after being turned over.
The kneading and mixing time of the stirring varies with the type of the feed raw material, wherein the type, the particle size and the like of the roughage are key factors. The greenfeed harvesting pulverizer capable of adjusting the harvesting height can be pushed to the field to directly harvest and pulverize, crushed sugarcane tail leaves can be directly used for preparing TMR or silage, and can also be stored and reserved for later use after being aired and dried.
On the other hand, when the goats eat more picky foods and naturally like finer grasses, the effect of the coarse fodder is the particles crushed into 1-3cm when the sugarcane tail leaves are used for preparing the TMR, the small simple TMR production device suitable for the south goat farm has stronger functions of kneading and grinding except mixing, and is specially prepared aiming at the sugarcane tail leaves which are coarse fodder with high lignification degree; the ratio of fineness to coarseness in the process of preparing TMR is 3-5: 5: 7, the effect is optimal; because the cellulose lignin of the tail leaves of the sugarcane is higher, the invention adopts the method of firstly rubbing and grinding the tail leaves of the sugarcane, and then adding the concentrated feed to prepare the TMR, and the method has better effect than the method of simultaneously adding the concentrated and coarse feed.
When the method is adopted for breeding the black goats, the weight of the sugarcane tail leaves, the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues in the coarse feed accounts for 48 percent of the total mixed ration of TMR for weaned lambs: 1%: 1 percent; 50% of adult sheep: 5%: 5 percent; 60% of ewes in gestation period: 5%: 5 percent. Because the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues have certain bitter taste and are cool in nature, the use amount of the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues in weaned lambs is not suitable to be too large, otherwise, the diarrhea of the lambs is possibly caused; the usage amount of the TMR total mixed ration in adult sheep and ewe in gestation period is 5% as the best, and even if the bitterness is removed by pretreatment, the highest usage amount of the total amount of the jasmine flower residue and the honeysuckle flower residue is not more than 20%.
Experiment 1: by adopting the method, the method comprises the following steps of 4: 6, preparing TMR total mixed ration, wherein the concentrate adopts a conventional adult sheep concentrate supplement on the market, and the ratio of the tail leaves of the sugarcane in the concentrate: and (3) jasmine flower residues: the weight of the honeysuckle flower residues accounts for 50 percent of the TMR total mixed ration: 5%: 5 percent; feeding experiments are carried out by taking 10 adult black goats as feeding objects, the mixed condition of TMR total mixed ration and the feeding residual material condition in different mixing modes and time are observed, and the optimal processing mode and time are determined (as shown in the following table):
TABLE 1 comparison of the sequence of charging the various concentrates and the TMR treatment times
The small amount of residual materials indicates that the TMR full-mixed ration is suitable for the taste of the black goats, particularly the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues can be fully mixed with the concentrated materials under the action of kneading and grinding, and are uniformly adhered to the coarse materials which are drawn into filaments, so that the black goats can be fed with the concentrated ration, the black goats can be fed with the specified ration nutrition, the black goats are balanced in nutrition, the morbidity is reduced, and the green ecological nonreactive breeding of the black goats can be really realized. According to the experiment, the preferable preparation method of the TMR total mixed ration comprises the following steps: the coarse fodder is put into a small simple TMR production device and is treated for 10-15 minutes, then the concentrated fodder is put into the small simple TMR production device and is treated for 5-10 minutes continuously, and the materials are taken out after stirring is stopped and are fed to black goats.
Experiment 2:
by adopting the method, the method comprises the following steps of 5: 5, preparing a TMR total mixed ration by using the concentrate-concentrate ratio, wherein the concentrate adopts a commercial conventional weaning lamb concentrate supplement, and the weight of sugarcane tail leaves, jasmine flower residues and honeysuckle flower residues in the concentrate accounts for 48% of the weaning lamb in the TMR total mixed ration: 1%: 1 percent; and then, feeding 20 weaned lambs as feeding objects, dividing the feeding objects into two groups, wherein each group comprises 10 lambs, the test group is fed with TMR (total mixed ration), the control group is fed with ration prepared by the same weight without TMR treatment, the test period is 1 month, and the condition of residual materials and the diarrhea incidence rate of the lambs in the test period are observed.
TABLE 2 Effect of TMR treatment on the incidence of diarrhea in weaned lambs
Under the condition that the concentrate coarse fodder is not subjected to TMR treatment, the lamb can eat the concentrate, the lamb cannot take the concentrate actively due to the special smell and the bitter taste of the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues, and the concentrate ratio of the ration ingested by the lamb of a control group cannot meet the growth requirement of the weaned lamb, so that nutritional metabolism disorder, immunity decline and lamb diarrhea incidence are high. And the test group adopts a TMR (total mixed ration) technology, so that lambs are prevented from being eaten by pickles, the coarse fodder is eaten, the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues are eaten, the disease control effect of the traditional Chinese medicine plant flavonoids and polysaccharides is exerted, the lambs in the test group are not only free from diarrhea, but also free from common diseases of other lambs, and the lambs are healthy and well-grown.
Experiment 3:
by adopting the method, the method comprises the following steps of 3: 7, preparing TMR total mixed ration, wherein the concentrate adopts a commercial conventional pregnant ewe concentrate supplement, and the tail leaves of the sugarcane in the concentrate: and (3) jasmine flower residues: the weight of the honeysuckle flower residues accounts for 60 percent of the TMR total mixed ration: 5%: 5 percent; and then, taking 10 ewes in the gestation period as feeding objects to perform feeding tests, dividing the feeding tests into two groups, wherein each group comprises 5 ewes, feeding TMR (total mixed ration) for the test group, feeding ration prepared by the same weight for the control group without TMR treatment, and observing the condition of residual materials and the morbidity of the ewes in the gestation period, wherein the test period is 1 month.
TABLE 3 Effect of TMR on the incidence of diarrhea in gestation ewes
Pregnant ewes eat more than adult ewes, but this period is not only to ensure nutrient intake, but also to ensure that sufficient cellulose is taken daily to ensure fetal health, and therefore the amount of coarse material supplied is greater than for adult ewes. The common diseases of the ewes in the gestation period are diarrhea or constipation, which are related to daily ration. In the test, sugarcane tail leaves, jasmine flower residues and honeysuckle flower residues are used as coarse materials, and TMR is adopted to prepare a fully mixed ration, so that the ewes in the gestation period are guaranteed to eat the fully mixed ration, and diarrhea or constipation does not occur. The control group is fed by adopting a conventional mixing mode, the ewes lick the concentrated feed completely and then start to eat the coarse feed, so that the coarse feed is more in residual, and the ewes can pick out the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues and cannot eat the jasmine flower residues and the honeysuckle flower residues, so that the effect of improving the immunity is not achieved.
It can be seen from the above experiments that in order to realize the ecological nonresistant breeding of black goats, some agricultural product leftovers which contain more plant flavones and polysaccharides and are helpful for improving immunity are added into the feed as feed raw materials, but the feed raw materials such as jasmine flower residues and honeysuckle flower residues have special smell and certain bitter taste, and can be picked out by goats and can not be eaten if the goats are freely eaten, so that the ecological breeding effect can not be realized.
It should be noted that, in this document, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Claims (9)
1. The method for ecologically raising the black goats without resistance based on the utilization of agricultural product leftovers is characterized in that the black goats are fed by using a TMR (total mixed ration) with the weight ratio of concentrated feed to coarse feed of 3-5: 5-7; the roughage is a mixture of sugarcane tail leaves, jasmine flower residues and honeysuckle flower residues, the weight percentage of the sugarcane tail leaves in the TMR total mixed ration is 40% -70%, the weight percentage of the jasmine flower residues in the TMR total mixed ration is 1% -10%, and the weight percentage of the honeysuckle flower residues in the TMR total mixed ration is 1% -10%; pretreating the sugarcane tail leaves by adopting a green feed harvesting crusher, and crushing the sugarcane tail leaves into coarse feed particles with the diameter of 1-3 cm; the concentrated feed is prepared and processed by energy feed raw materials, protein raw materials, trace element premix and vitamin premix;
the preparation method of the TMR total mixed ration comprises the following steps: firstly, putting the coarse fodder into a small simple TMR production device, stirring for 10-15 minutes, then putting the concentrated fodder into the small simple TMR production device, continuing stirring for 5-10 minutes, stopping stirring, taking the materials and feeding black goats;
the greenfeed harvesting pulverizer comprises a base (1), a mountain wheel (2), a foot support (3), a speed reducer (4), a casing (5), a hob (6), an upper blanking hopper (7), a front guide chute (8), a guide chute plate (9), a bracket (10) and a discharge chute (11), wherein the mountain wheel (2) and the foot support (3) are respectively arranged around the base (1), the speed reducer (4) and the casing (5) are respectively arranged on the base (1), the hob (6) is arranged in the casing (5) through a bearing seat, one end of the hob (6) is in transmission connection with the output shaft end of the speed reducer (4) through a shaft coupler, the upper blanking hopper (7) is arranged at the top of the casing (5), the front guide chute (8) is arranged at the front side of the casing (5), the guide chute plate (9) is arranged at two sides of the front guide chute (8), the bracket (10) is connected to the guide groove plate (9) in a sliding manner, and the discharge groove (11) is arranged at the rear side of the machine shell (5); the mountain land wheels (2) are connected with each other through a coupling, and the mountain land wheels (2) are positioned at the bottom of the machine base (1); the front side and the rear side of the machine base (1) are provided with earhole seats (12), and the foot supports (3) are connected to the earhole seats (12) in a threaded manner; the grate plate (13) is arranged in the casing (5), and the grate plate (13) is arranged around the periphery of the hob (6) and is positioned at the lower part of the hob (6);
small-size simple and easy TMR apparatus for producing, including organism (16), door body (17) and drive case (18), its characterized in that: the bottom of the machine body (16) is provided with a movable hole (161), a stabilizing rod (162) is fixedly arranged inside the movable hole (161), an adjusting rod (163) is movably arranged on the surface of the stabilizing rod (162), and the top of the adjusting rod (163) extends into the machine body (16) and is fixedly provided with a kneading plate (164); two sides of the machine body (16) are hinged with door bodies (17), an inserting plate (174) is movably arranged in the door bodies (17) through springs, one end, far away from the springs, of the inserting plate (174) extends into the machine body (16), and a movable rod (175) is fixedly arranged on one side of each door body (17); a driving box (18) is fixedly arranged on the front surface of the machine body (16), a motor (181) is fixedly arranged in the driving box (18), the output end of the motor (181) is fixedly provided with a stirring shaft (182), one end of the stirring shaft (182) extends into the machine body (16), the surface of the stirring shaft (182) is sequentially and fixedly provided with a grinding disc (183) and a material turning plate (184), the interior of the kneading plate (184) is movably connected with the surface of the stirring shaft (182), a driving shaft (185) is movably arranged in the driving box (18), the driving shaft (185) is in transmission connection with the stirring shaft (182) through a chain, a roundabout seat (186) is fixedly arranged on the surface of the driving shaft (185), the bottom of the adjusting rod (163) extends to the inside of the roundabout seat (186), a first arc-shaped bulge (1861) and a second arc-shaped bulge (1862) are respectively arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the roundabout seat (186); the first arc-shaped protrusion (1861) and the second arc-shaped protrusion (1862) are arranged in a staggered manner, and the front face of the adjusting rod (163) is movably connected with the back face of the second arc-shaped protrusion (1862).
2. The method for ecologically raising black goats based on the utilization of agricultural leftovers comprises the following step of communicating the upper discharging hopper (7) and the discharging chute (11) with the shell (5), wherein the top of the upper discharging hopper (7) is hinged with a top cover (14) through a hinge.
3. The method for ecologically raising the black goats without resistance based on the agricultural product leftovers according to the claim 1, wherein the front guide chute (8) is communicated with the shell (5), the inner top of the front guide chute (8) is inclined, and a roller (15) is arranged on the front guide chute.
4. The method for ecologically and nonresistively breeding the black goats based on the agricultural product leftovers according to the claim 1, wherein a handle (171) is fixedly arranged on one side of the door body (17), a hanging ring (173) is movably arranged on the surface of the handle (171) through a connecting rope (172), and hooks (166) are fixedly arranged on both sides of the machine body (16).
5. The method for ecologically raising the black goat without resistance by using the agricultural product leftovers according to the claim 1, wherein the rubbing plate (164) and the grinding plate (183) are fixedly provided with a convex block at opposite surfaces, and one end of the movable rod (175) far away from the inserting plate (174) extends to the outside of the door body (17).
6. The method for ecologically raising the black goat without resistance based on the use of the agricultural leftovers according to claim 1, wherein the body (16) is fixedly provided with support legs at the front and the back.
7. The method for ecologically raising the black goat without resistance based on the agricultural product leftovers according to claim 1, wherein a sealing gasket (165) is fixedly arranged inside the movable hole (161), the inside of the sealing gasket (165) is fixedly sleeved with the surface of the adjusting rod (163), and the sealing gasket (165) is a rubber gasket.
8. The method for ecologically raising black goats without resistance based on agricultural product leftovers according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the concentrate to the roughage of the TMR total mixed ration is 5: 5. adult sheep 4: 6. gestational ewe 3: 7.
9. the method for ecologically raising black goats based on the utilization of agricultural leftovers and based on the non-resistance, wherein the ratio of the sugarcane tail leaves in the roughage is as follows: and (3) jasmine flower residues: the weight of the honeysuckle residues accounts for 48% of the total mixed ration of TMR for weaned lambs: 1%: 1 percent; 50% of adult sheep: 5%: 5 percent; 60% of ewes in gestation period: 5%: 5 percent.
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| CN113996229A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-01 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | Dry and wet feed mixing device |
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