Solar photovoltaic module cooling device with self-cleaning function
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic modules, in particular to a solar photovoltaic module cooling device with a self-cleaning function.
Background
The use of traditional fossil energy in large quantities causes serious damage to the earth ecological environment system. Solar energy, as a renewable energy source, has shown great potential in replacing traditional fossil energy sources. The solar photovoltaic module is an effective way for realizing the utilization of solar energy resources. However, the solar photovoltaic module is limited by the restriction of the existing photovoltaic power generation technology, only part of incident solar radiation can be converted into electric energy, and most of the rest energy is converted into heat energy to be dissipated to the surrounding environment. Research shows that the maximum temperature of the solar cell panel can reach more than 70 ℃ if the solar cell panel is not effectively cooled. Meanwhile, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is reduced due to the excessively high plate surface temperature, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is reduced by 0.5% when the temperature of the common silicon-based cell is increased by 1 ℃. In addition, the solar photovoltaic module can be damaged by thermal stress under the high-temperature working condition for a long time, and the service life of the solar photovoltaic module is affected.
In the actual use process of the solar photovoltaic module, due to the complex working environment, the surface of the photovoltaic module is inevitably covered with floating dust after long-term operation, and the existence of the floating dust can seriously affect the power generation efficiency of the solar photovoltaic module, so that the solar photovoltaic module is very necessary to be effectively cleaned and cooled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar photovoltaic module cooling device with a self-cleaning function aiming at the defects of the prior art
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a solar PV modules cooling device who possesses self-cleaning function, sets up the solar PV modules on the support frame including the slope, its characterized in that: the front spray cooling and cleaning system comprises a liquid distribution box and a liquid collection tank, the liquid distribution box is fixedly arranged at the top of the photovoltaic module, a plurality of atomizing nozzles are arranged on the liquid distribution box and can atomize and spray cooling liquid in the liquid distribution box on the front of the photovoltaic module, the liquid collection tank is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the photovoltaic module, a water collection port is formed in the liquid collection tank, and the bottom of the photovoltaic module extends to the water collection port; the backplate evaporates and removes system includes porous medium material layer, liquid distribution pipe, honeycomb duct and V type collecting tank, porous medium material layer and V type collecting tank pass through heat conduction silica gel fixed connection at photovoltaic module's back, liquid distribution case, liquid distribution pipe and honeycomb duct are linked together in proper order, and during coolant liquid loops through liquid distribution pipe and honeycomb duct inflow V type collecting tank in the liquid distribution case, the bottom submergence on porous medium material layer was in the coolant liquid, and under the effect of evaporation extraction power and capillary action, the coolant liquid in the V type collecting tank was sucked to the porous medium material layer.
The rainwater collecting box is fixedly arranged below the supporting frame, a water guide opening is formed in the lower end of the liquid collecting tank and communicated with the rainwater collecting box, the water pump is connected with the rainwater collecting box and the liquid distribution box and used for pumping water in the rainwater collecting box into the liquid distribution box, the temperature sensor is arranged on the back face of the photovoltaic module, and the control box is respectively electrically connected with the temperature sensor and the water pump and used for controlling the water pump to start and stop according to the temperature of the photovoltaic module.
Furthermore, a primary filter screen and a secondary filter screen are sequentially arranged in the liquid collecting tank from inside to outside.
Furthermore, the porous medium material layer is formed by weaving fiber materials with good water absorption, the thickness of the porous medium material layer is 0.6-3mm, the width of the porous medium material layer is 10cm, and the length of the porous medium material layer is consistent with that of the solar photovoltaic module.
Furthermore, a first water inlet valve is installed on the upper portion of the rainwater collecting box, and a first drainage valve is installed at the bottom of the rainwater collecting box.
Furthermore, the upper end of the liquid distribution pipe is provided with a second water inlet valve, and the lower end of the liquid distribution pipe is provided with a second water drainage valve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the solar photovoltaic module utilizes the principle of water evaporation and heat absorption to reduce the plate surface temperature of the solar photovoltaic module, thereby improving the output power and the power generation efficiency of the solar photovoltaic module. 2. The invention can realize the regular cleaning of the solar photovoltaic module, ensure the surface cleaning of the photovoltaic module and ensure the generating efficiency of the photovoltaic module in the actual use process. 3. The invention can realize the switching of different cooling modes, namely, the front side, the rear side or both sides of the solar photovoltaic panel can be cooled simultaneously. In the time period when the solar radiation is not particularly intense, only the front side panel or the rear side panel of the solar photovoltaic panel can be selected to be cooled. In a period of time when the solar radiation is particularly strong, the front side and the rear side of the solar photovoltaic panel can be simultaneously cooled so as to further reduce the working temperature and improve the power generation efficiency. 4. The invention can realize the collection and filtration of natural rainfall, and does not need additional water supply under the condition that the natural rainfall meets the cooling consumption of the system. On the premise that natural rainfall cannot meet the cooling requirement, the water supply system can be combined with urban pipe network water supply. 5. The invention can utilize the temperature sensor to control the operation condition of the water supply water pump, properly reduce the rotating speed of the water pump under the condition of lower irradiation to save electric energy, and properly improve the rotating speed to meet the cooling requirement of the system under the condition of higher irradiation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the top liquid distribution box of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the bottom sump structure of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-photovoltaic module, 2-collecting tank, 3-rainwater collecting tank, 4-water pump, 5-porous medium material layer, 6-liquid distribution tank, 7-liquid distribution pipe, 8-flow guide pipe, 9-V type collecting tank, 10-first water inlet valve, 11-first water discharge valve, 12-second water inlet valve, 13-second water discharge valve, 14-support frame, 16-control box, 17-temperature sensor, 18-atomizing nozzle, 19-rainwater collecting tank, 20-primary filter screen, 21-secondary filter screen and 22-water guide opening.
Detailed Description
For the understanding of the present invention, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1-3 show a solar photovoltaic module cooling device with a self-cleaning function, which comprises a solar photovoltaic module 1 obliquely arranged on a support frame 14, a front spray cooling cleaning system and a back plate evaporative cooling system, wherein the front spray cooling cleaning system comprises a liquid distribution box 6 and a liquid collection tank 2, the liquid distribution box 6 is fixedly arranged at the top of the photovoltaic module 1, a plurality of atomizing nozzles 18 are arranged on the liquid distribution box 6, the cooling liquid in the liquid distribution box 6 can be atomized and sprayed on the front of the photovoltaic module 1, the liquid collection tank 2 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the photovoltaic module 1, a water collection port 19 is arranged on the liquid collection tank 2, and the bottom of the photovoltaic module 1 extends to the water collection port 19; the backboard evaporation cold removal system comprises a porous medium material layer 5, a liquid distribution pipe 7, a flow guide pipe 8 and a V-shaped liquid collection tank 9, the porous medium material layer 5 and the V-shaped liquid collection tank 9 are fixedly connected to the back of the photovoltaic assembly 1 through heat-conducting silica gel, a liquid distribution box 6, the liquid distribution pipe 7 and the flow guide pipe 8 are sequentially communicated, cooling liquid in the liquid distribution box 6 sequentially flows into the V-shaped liquid collection tank 9 through the liquid distribution pipe 7 and the flow guide pipe 8, the bottom of the porous medium material layer 5 is immersed in the cooling liquid, and under the action of evaporation extraction force and capillary action force, the cooling liquid in the V-shaped liquid collection tank 9 is sucked into the porous medium material layer 5.
Preferably, still include rainwater collecting box 3, temperature sensor 17, control box 16 and water pump 4, rainwater collecting box 3 is fixed to be set up in the below of support frame 14, the lower extreme of catch basin 2 is provided with water guide port 22, water guide port 22 communicates rainwater collecting box 3, water pump branch 4 is connected with rainwater collecting box 3 and cloth liquid case 6 respectively, be arranged in with the water suction in rainwater collecting box 3 cloth liquid case 6, temperature sensor 17 sets up the back at photovoltaic module 1, control box 16 is connected with temperature sensor 17 and water pump 4 electricity respectively, be used for opening according to opening of the temperature control water pump 4 of photovoltaic module 1 and stop. The liquid collecting tank 2 is internally provided with a primary filter screen 20 and a secondary filter screen 21 from inside to outside in sequence. The porous medium material layer 5 is formed by weaving a fiber material with good water absorption, the thickness of the porous medium material layer 5 is 0.6-3mm, the width of the porous medium material layer 5 is 10cm, and the length of the porous medium material layer 5 is consistent with that of the photovoltaic module 1. A first water inlet valve 10 is installed on the upper portion of the rainwater collecting box 3, and a first drainage valve 11 is installed at the bottom of the rainwater collecting box. The upper end of the liquid distribution pipe 7 is provided with a second water inlet valve 12, and the lower end is provided with a second water discharge valve 13.
The specific working process and principle of the above embodiment are as follows:
the solar photovoltaic module 1 is fixed with the rainwater collection box 3 through the support frames 14 and 15, and the installation inclination angle between the photovoltaic module 1 and the ground is determined according to the local geographical position, so as to ensure that the photovoltaic module 1 can obtain more solar radiation in the state of the optimal inclination angle. Meanwhile, the water flow after the atomized spray cooling and the water flow formed by natural rainfall can smoothly flow into the bottom liquid collecting tank 2.
The front spray cooling cleaning system is composed of a top liquid distribution box 6 and a bottom liquid collecting tank 2, the top liquid distribution box 6 is fixed right above a photovoltaic assembly 1 through the structural design of a pipeline, a plurality of reserved atomizing nozzle mounting holes are uniformly distributed on one side facing the photovoltaic assembly 1, the hole positions of the mounting holes are arranged to be adjusted aiming at the photovoltaic assemblies 1 of different sizes, and the best spraying effect is guaranteed. The mounting hole is provided with an atomizing nozzle 18 for spraying the cooling liquid in the top liquid distribution box 6 on the surface of the photovoltaic module 1 in an atomizing mode. The arrangement of the hole sites of the mounting holes of the atomizing nozzle and the mounting angle of the atomizing nozzle 18 are based on the fact that after the spraying, a uniform, stable and continuous thin liquid film with a certain thickness can be formed on the surface of the photovoltaic module 1. The front-side spray cooling and cleaning system can cool the photovoltaic module 1 in a sensible heat conduction mode by allowing fluid with lower temperature to flow through the surface of the photovoltaic module 1, and meanwhile, a large amount of heat of the photovoltaic module 1 can be taken away in a latent heat mode by directly evaporating small liquid drops on the surface of the photovoltaic module 1 after atomization, so that the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module 1 is further reduced. The bottom of photovoltaic module 1 directly stretches into in the bottom collecting tank 2 to make things convenient for rivers to flow into in the bottom collecting tank 2, reduce because the loss that splashes that rivers flow and cause. The water film flowing uniformly on the surface of the photovoltaic module 1 can wash away floating dust deposited on the surface, reduce incident optical loss caused by floating dust accumulation, and improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 1.
The bottom liquid collecting tank 2 is filled with a primary filter screen 20 and a secondary filter screen 21, the primary filter screen 20 is used for filtering some impurities with larger particle sizes, and the secondary filter screen 21 can realize further filtering so as to ensure that water flowing into the rainwater collecting tank 3 through the water guide port 22 does not contain a large amount of impurities, and prevent the system from blocking a fluid pipeline after long-time operation.
The back plate evaporation cooling system consists of a porous medium material layer 5, a liquid distribution box 6, a liquid distribution pipe 7, a guide pipe 8 and a V-shaped liquid collecting tank 9. The porous medium material layer 5 is made of fiber materials with good water absorption (such as natural materials like cotton and hemp, or high polymer materials like non-woven fabrics), the thickness of the fiber layer is 0.6-3mm, the length of the fiber layer is 10cm, and the width of the fiber layer is consistent with the length of the selected photovoltaic module 1. One side of the porous medium material layer 5 is tightly adhered to the back surface of the photovoltaic module 1 by using silica gel with high thermal conductivity, and the other side is exposed to air. The tail end of the porous medium material layer 5 is immersed in water in the V-shaped liquid collecting tank 9, when the temperature of the photovoltaic module 1 is raised by solar radiation, the upper end of the porous medium material layer 5 is promoted to continuously evaporate water at a higher temperature, and the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module 1 is reduced in a latent heat absorption mode during evaporation. Meanwhile, the water in the V-shaped liquid collecting tank 9 is continuously sucked into the upper end of the porous medium material layer 5 by the extraction force generated by the evaporation phenomenon and the capillary force of the porous medium material layer 5, so that the evaporation is continuously carried out. When the water amount in the V-shaped liquid collecting tank 9 is low, a second water inlet valve 12 at the upper end of the liquid distribution pipe 7 is opened, so that the water in the top liquid distribution box 6 flows into the V-shaped liquid collecting tank 9 through the guide pipe 8. When the water quantity in the V-shaped liquid collecting tank 9 meets the requirement, the redundant water flow in the liquid distribution pipe 7 can also flow back into the rainwater collecting tank 3 through the second water drainage valve 13 at the lower end of the liquid distribution pipe.
A water supply pump 4 is installed on the bottom rainwater collecting box 3, and after a temperature sensor 17 on the back of the photovoltaic module 1 detects a temperature signal, the signal is input into a control box 16. The control box 16 judges the preset temperature threshold value, and if the input signal value is greater than the preset threshold value, a control signal is sent to the water supply pump 4, so that the rotating speed and the flow of the water pump 4 are improved, the front spray cooling and cleaning system and the back plate evaporative cooling system work simultaneously, and the cooling efficiency of the system is improved. If the input temperature signal is lower than the set threshold value, a signal is sent to the water supply pump 4, the operation of the water pump 4 is reduced or stopped to reduce the power consumption, and the photovoltaic assembly 1 is cooled only by using the back plate evaporation cooling system. Meanwhile, the rainwater collecting box 3 is provided with a first water inlet valve 10, and when the rainfall of natural rainfall can not meet the cooling water amount required by the cooling operation of the system, water supplementing operation can be carried out on the device through a city water supply network. In addition, still set up first drainage valve 11 at the lower extreme of rainwater collecting box 3, the silt impurity of rainwater collecting box 3 bottom can discharge through first drainage valve 11 after the long-term operation of system.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and structural features of the present invention, and are intended to be implemented by those skilled in the art, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.