CN113503179A - Method for controlling large-section open-off cut tunneling surrounding rock of overlying goaf ultra-close coal seam - Google Patents
Method for controlling large-section open-off cut tunneling surrounding rock of overlying goaf ultra-close coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN113503179A CN113503179A CN202110881354.1A CN202110881354A CN113503179A CN 113503179 A CN113503179 A CN 113503179A CN 202110881354 A CN202110881354 A CN 202110881354A CN 113503179 A CN113503179 A CN 113503179A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
- E21D15/14—Telescopic props
- E21D15/44—Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props
Abstract
A surrounding rock control method for large-section open-off cut tunneling of an overlying goaf ultra-close coal seam belongs to the technical field of roadway surrounding rock control methods, and aims to provide a technique for large-section open-off cut tunneling and surrounding rock control of the overlying goaf ultra-close coal seam, which can realize effective and safe control of the open-off roadway surrounding rock. According to the invention, the surrounding rock is controlled in an active and passive mode by using the high-strength anchor rods, the high-strength anchor cables, the metal mesh, the steel bar ladder beams, the pi-shaped steel beams and the single-body pillar shed, and the hydraulic support is installed in time during the second lane expansion, so that the problems of top plate breakage and large lane deformation in the process of open-cut tunneling are solved, good safety and economic effects are obtained, and the smooth installation of subsequent fully mechanized mining equipment is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of roadway surrounding rock control methods, and particularly relates to a surrounding rock control method for large-section open-off cut tunneling of an overlying goaf ultra-close coal seam.
Background
The coal seam mining causes the stress of surrounding rocks of the mining space to be redistributed, not only causes stress concentration on coal rock mass around the mining space, but also the stress can be transferred to the deep part of the bottom plate, and the mutual influence of the mining between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam can be gradually increased along with the reduction of the coal seam distance. The working face roof of the lower coal seam is a composite roof formed by the upper coal seam mining caving gangue and the direct roof of the lower coal seam, and the stress environment of a mining area changes, so that a plurality of new mine pressure phenomena occur in the mining of the extremely-close coal seam. The mining of the lower coal seam has the characteristics of stress concentration, roof breakage and the like, and the section of the open cut is relatively large in order to meet the requirements of transportation, installation and use of comprehensive mechanized coal mining equipment.
Therefore, the method for scientifically controlling the surrounding rock by the large-section open-off cut tunneling of the overlying goaf coal seam at the extremely close distance has important significance for realizing safe and efficient production by researching the control mode and parameters of the surrounding rock at the extremely close distance and the large-section open-off cut tunneling of the overlying goaf.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a control method for large-section open-off cut tunneling surrounding rock of an overlying goaf very close coal seam, which can realize effective and safe control of the open-off cut roadway surrounding rock.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for controlling large-section open-off cut tunneling of an overlying goaf ultra-close coal seam comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing tunneling construction operation twice by opening a cut hole, tunneling and communicating by using a fully-mechanized excavating machine on a small section on the side of a goaf for the first time, performing surrounding rock control on the side of a non-mining side by using a deformed steel bar anchor rod when tunneling and communicating, performing surrounding rock control on a top plate by using the deformed steel bar anchor rod, an anchor cable, a steel bar ladder beam and a metal net, and performing surrounding rock control on a top plate crushed rock by using a single column and a pi-shaped steel beam frame shed every 800mm of tunneling;
and secondly, after the tunnel is communicated, secondary blasting excavation is carried out by the coal mining side to expand the side to form a tunnel, in the process of expanding the side to form the tunnel, the coal mining side uses a glass anchor rod to carry out surrounding rock control, the top plate uses a screw-thread steel anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel bar ladder beam to carry out surrounding rock control, and a single column and a pi-shaped steel beam shed are used for carrying out surrounding rock control on the broken rock mass of the top plate every 800mm of excavation.
In the first step, each row of the deformed steel bar anchor rods on the non-mining side is 3, the row distance is 800mm, the distance is 950mm, the anchoring height is 500mm, one deformed steel bar anchor rod close to the top plate is 300mm away from the top plate, the deformed steel bar anchor rod close to the top plate is 15 degrees with the horizontal line, and the rest anchor rods are vertical to the roadway side.
In the first step, 4 screw-thread steel anchor rods of the top plate are arranged in each row, the row distance is 800mm, the distance between each two adjacent screw-thread steel anchor rods is 800mm, the screw-thread steel anchor rods close to the non-mining side are 300mm away from the roadway side, 15 degrees are formed outwards from the vertical line, and the rest screw-thread steel anchor rods are vertical to the top plate.
In the second step, the glass anchor rods on the mining side are perpendicular to the roadway side, the distance is 950mm, the row spacing is 800mm, the anchor lifting height is 500mm, and one screw steel anchor rod close to the top plate is 300mm away from the top plate.
In the second step, 2 screw-thread steel anchor rods of the top plate are arranged in each row, the row distance is 800mm, the distance is 950mm, the screw-thread steel anchor rods close to the mining side are 150mm away from the roadway side, the distance and the vertical line form 15 degrees outwards, and the rest anchor rods are vertical to the top plate.
The row spacing of the anchor cables of the top plate is 800mm, 3 anchor cables are arranged in each row, the spacing of the anchor cables in the first step is 2400mm, and the spacing of the anchor cables in the second step is 2100 mm.
And the top plate screw thread steel anchor rods or anchor cables for the first tunneling and the second slope expanding tunneling are arranged in staggered mode with the shed. And the single support positioned in the middle of the cut hole after the first tunneling and the second slope expanding tunneling is positioned on the same straight line.
The specification of the deformed steel anchor rod selected by the top plate is phi 20 multiplied by 2400mm, and the installation pre-tightening torque is more than or equal to 200 N.m; the non-mining roadway side adopts a deformed steel bar anchor rod with the specification of phi 20 multiplied by 2000mm, and the installation pre-tightening torque is more than or equal to 200 N.m; adopting a glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod with the specification of phi 20 multiplied by 2000mm as the mining and expanding sides, and setting and pre-tightening torque more than or equal to 40 N.m; the specification of the roof short anchor cable is that a high-strength low-relaxation prestressed steel strand with the diameter of phi 17.8 multiplied by 3800mm is selected, and the installation tension pretightening force is more than or equal to 150 kN.
When the first tunneling is conducted, the non-mining side of the cut hole close to the mining area side controls surrounding rock by using a deformed steel bar anchor rod, a steel bar ladder beam and a metal net; after secondary side expanding and roadway forming, the hole cutting and side mining are carried out to control the surrounding rock by using a glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod and a wood base plate.
In the first tunneling process of the open-off cut hole, drilling a top detecting hole every 10m along the axial direction of the open-off cut hole, and maintaining the top plate by adopting different surrounding rock control modes and parameters according to different interlayer distances; and controlling the roof crushing rock mass by adopting a pi-shaped steel beam and a single pillar shed.
In the process of open-off cut tunneling, if the roof is broken and is difficult to effectively control under special conditions, technical measures such as pre-grouting reinforcement and the like can be adopted to improve the occurrence state and stability of the roof rock mass.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the surrounding rock is controlled by combining an active and passive method of the high-strength anchor rods, the high-strength anchor cables, the metal mesh, the steel bar ladder beams and the pi-shaped steel beams and the single-body pillar support shed, and the hydraulic support is installed in time when the tunnel is formed by expanding the side for the second time, so that the problems of top plate breakage and large tunnel deformation in the process of open-cut tunneling are solved, good safety and economic effects are obtained, and the smooth installation of subsequent fully mechanized mining equipment is ensured. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the mode of surrounding rock is controlled by combining anchor cables, anchor rods and lapping of the open-off cut top plate, the non-mining side and the expanding side, deformation and damage inside the surrounding rock can be effectively solved, and safe and efficient operation of constructors is facilitated.
2. During the second time of expanding and forming the roadway, the hydraulic support is installed in time to control the broken rock mass, so that the roof rock mass can be effectively and safely controlled, and the time is saved for the installation and arrangement of later fully mechanized mining equipment.
3. By adopting the anchor cable, anchor rod, net laying and single column shed combined surrounding rock control method, the problems of poor roadway deformation control capability, high labor intensity, high supporting cost, difficult shed recovery and low support mounting efficiency in a passive supporting mode are solved, and the defect of unstable surrounding rock deformation under the influence of brush expansion stress concentration and instant impact in an active supporting mode is overcome. By utilizing the combined surrounding rock control mode, the bearing capacity and the impact resistance of the surrounding rock can be effectively improved, and a channel with enough width can be reserved to meet the installation requirement of fully mechanized mining equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a first pass and a second pass of a cut-and-cut hole for rib-expanding and lane-forming according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combined surrounding rock control method applied to open-cut hole first conduction and second rib expansion roadway formation according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the united surrounding rock control method shown in fig. 2.
Wherein: 1-tunneling and communicating for one time; 2-secondary expanding to form a lane; 3-transporting the crossheading; 4-return air crossheading; 5-a hydraulic support; 6-cutting the pilot tunnel; 7-a deformed steel anchor rod; 8-glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod; 9-anchor cable; 10-a monolithic pillar; 11-pi beam; 12-a steel bar ladder beam; 13-metal mesh.
Detailed Description
The size of the cutting hole is a rectangle with the width multiplied by the height =6.7m multiplied by 2.7m, the span is large, and the cutting hole belongs to a large-section roadway. A goaf exists above the cut hole, the interlayer spacing is small, and the interlayer lithology is mainly sandy mudstone. Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the first conduction and the second lane expansion of the open-cut hole of the present invention, and fig. 2 and 3 are schematic elevation and plan views of the open-cut hole surrounding rock control method after the second lane expansion of the open-cut hole.
The top plate of the open-cut hole adopts a phi 20mm screw-thread steel anchor rod, the length is 2400mm, and the material is a Q335 high-strength anchor rod.
Roof stock anchor mode: the resin is lengthened and anchored, two anchoring agents are adopted, one anchoring agent is CK2335, the other anchoring agent is Z2360, the diameter of a drilled hole is 28mm, and the anchoring length is 1300 mm.
Arranging roof bolts: tunneling 4 in each row for the first time, wherein the row distance is 800mm, the space is 800mm, and a top anchor rod close to the side is 300mm away from the roadway side; and 2 in each row for the second tunneling, wherein the row distance is 800mm, the distance is 950mm, and a top anchor rod close to the side is 150mm away from the lane side. The installation angle of the top anchor rod close to the roadway side is 15 degrees outward from the vertical line, and the rest anchor rods are vertical to the top plate.
The top plate of the incision adopts a phi 17.8mm high-strength low-relaxation prestressed steel strand anchor cable, and the length is 3800 mm.
The anchoring mode of the roof anchor cable is as follows: and (3) lengthening and anchoring resin, wherein three anchoring agents are adopted, one is CK2335, the other is Z2360, the diameter of a drilled hole is 28mm, and the anchoring length is 1900 mm.
The row spacing of the top plate anchor cables is 800mm, and each row is provided with three anchor cables. The distance of the first tunneling is 2400mm, and the distance of the second tunneling is 2100 mm.
The open-off cut non-mining roadway side uses a screw-thread steel anchor rod with the rod body diameter of phi 20mm, the length of 2000mm and the material of Q335 high-strength anchor rod; the mining side uses a glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod with the rod body diameter of phi 20mm and the length of 2000 mm.
Lane anchor rod anchoring mode: the non-mining-side deformed steel bar anchor rod is anchored by lengthening resin, two anchoring agents are adopted, the specification is that each anchoring agent is Z2360 and CK2335, the diameter of a drilled hole is 28mm, and the anchoring length is 1300 mm; the glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod is anchored by lengthening resin, two anchoring agents are adopted, the specification is that one anchoring agent is Z2360 and one anchoring agent is CK2335, the diameter of a drilled hole is 28mm, and the anchoring length is 1300 mm.
Arranging the roadway side anchor rods: 3 non-mining side anchors are arranged in each row, the row distance is 800mm, the distance is 950mm, the anchoring height is 500mm, and one side anchor rod close to the top plate is 300mm away from the top plate; 3 side anchor rods are adopted in each row, the row distance is 800mm, the distance is 950mm, the anchor lifting height is 500mm, and one side anchor rod close to the top plate is 300mm away from the top plate.
Lane anchor angle: one deformed steel anchor rod of the non-mining side close to the top plate is 15 degrees with the horizontal line, and the rest anchor rods are vertical to the roadway side; and all the glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rods on the mining side are installed perpendicular to the roadway side.
Specification of the metal mesh: the mesh size of the longitude and latitude net woven by the 10# iron wire is 50 multiplied by 50mm, the specific size of the net piece can be cut according to the size of a roadway, the net is laid flat and tensioned during laying, and the net are connected by adopting 16# lead wire butt joint double-screw double-buckle and hole holes (or connected by using a lap joint mode).
The specification of the top plate steel bar ladder beam is as follows: the width is 100mm, the anchor rod is welded by phi 14 round steel, two sections of longitudinal ribs are welded at the mounting position of the anchor rod, and the welding seam is full and has no insufficient welding. Wherein the length of the roof anchor rod steel bar ladder beam tunneled for the first time is 4300mm, and the length of the roof anchor rod steel bar ladder beam tunneled for the second time is 2200 mm.
The specification of the roadway side reinforcing steel bar ladder beam is as follows: the non-mining side is a reinforcing steel bar ladder beam formed by welding phi 14 reinforcing steel bars, the length is 2200mm, the width is 100mm, two sections of longitudinal bars are welded at the position where the anchor rod is installed, and the welding line is full and has no rosin joint; the top-adopted glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod is reinforced by a wood pad plate with the thickness of 400 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 50mm to control the strength.
Specification of the deformed steel anchor rod tray: the arched metal tray has the specification of 150 multiplied by 10mm and the arch height of 36mm, and is matched with a spherical gasket and a plastic antifriction gasket.
Claims (7)
1. A method for controlling large-section open-off cut tunneling of an overlying goaf ultra-close coal seam is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing tunneling construction operation twice by opening a cut hole, tunneling and communicating by using a fully-mechanized excavating machine on a small section on the side of a goaf for the first time, performing surrounding rock control on the side of a non-mining side by using a deformed steel bar anchor rod when tunneling and communicating, performing surrounding rock control on a top plate by using the deformed steel bar anchor rod, an anchor cable, a steel bar ladder beam and a metal net, and performing surrounding rock control on a top plate crushed rock by using a single column and a pi-shaped steel beam frame shed every 800mm of tunneling;
and secondly, after the tunnel is communicated, secondary blasting excavation is carried out by the coal mining side to expand the side to form a tunnel, in the process of expanding the side to form the tunnel, the coal mining side uses a glass anchor rod to carry out surrounding rock control, the top plate uses a screw-thread steel anchor rod, an anchor cable and a steel bar ladder beam to carry out surrounding rock control, and a single column and a pi-shaped steel beam shed are used for carrying out surrounding rock control on the broken rock mass of the top plate every 800mm of excavation.
2. The method for controlling the large-section open-off cut tunneling of the overlying gob ultra-close coal seam according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the first step, each row of the deformed steel bar anchor rods on the non-mining side is 3, the row distance is 800mm, the distance is 950mm, the anchoring height is 500mm, one deformed steel bar anchor rod close to the top plate is 300mm away from the top plate, the deformed steel bar anchor rod close to the top plate is 15 degrees with the horizontal line, and the rest anchor rods are vertical to the roadway side.
3. The method for controlling the large-section open-off cut tunneling of the overlying gob ultra-close coal seam according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the first step, 4 screw-thread steel anchor rods of the top plate are arranged in each row, the row distance is 800mm, the distance between each two adjacent screw-thread steel anchor rods is 800mm, the screw-thread steel anchor rods close to the non-mining side are 300mm away from the roadway side, 15 degrees are formed outwards from the vertical line, and the rest screw-thread steel anchor rods are vertical to the top plate.
4. The method for controlling the large-section open-off cut tunneling of the overlying gob ultra-close coal seam according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the second step, the glass anchor rods on the mining side are perpendicular to the roadway side, the distance is 950mm, the row spacing is 800mm, the anchor lifting height is 500mm, and one screw steel anchor rod close to the top plate is 300mm away from the top plate.
5. The method for controlling the large-section open-off cut tunneling of the overlying gob ultra-close coal seam according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the second step, 2 screw-thread steel anchor rods of the top plate are arranged in each row, the row distance is 800mm, the distance is 950mm, the screw-thread steel anchor rods close to the mining side are 150mm away from the roadway side, the distance and the vertical line form 15 degrees outwards, and the rest anchor rods are vertical to the top plate.
6. The method for controlling the large-section open-off cut tunneling of the overlying gob ultra-close coal seam according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the row spacing of the anchor cables of the top plate is 800mm, 3 anchor cables are arranged in each row, the spacing of the anchor cables in the first step is 2400mm, and the spacing of the anchor cables in the second step is 2100 mm.
7. The method for controlling the large-section open-off cut tunneling of the overlying gob ultra-close coal seam according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and the top plate screw thread steel anchor rods or anchor cables for the first tunneling and the second slope expanding tunneling are arranged in staggered mode with the shed.
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| CN202110881354.1A CN113503179A (en) | 2021-08-02 | 2021-08-02 | Method for controlling large-section open-off cut tunneling surrounding rock of overlying goaf ultra-close coal seam |
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| CN202110881354.1A CN113503179A (en) | 2021-08-02 | 2021-08-02 | Method for controlling large-section open-off cut tunneling surrounding rock of overlying goaf ultra-close coal seam |
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