CN113502436B - Production method of plastic die steel plate and plastic die steel plate - Google Patents
Production method of plastic die steel plate and plastic die steel plate Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 261
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 261
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001214 P-type tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a plastic die steel plate and the plastic die steel plate. The production method comprises the following steps: feeding the steel billet into a heating furnace for heating, and keeping the temperature of a soaking section at 1210-1240 ℃ for 35-55 min; rolling the heated steel billet into a steel plate, wherein the finishing temperature is more than or equal to Ac3+120 ℃; moving the steel plate obtained by final rolling to a cooling bed for natural air cooling until the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate is reduced to T1, Bs+15℃≤T1≤Bs+35 ℃; then, the fan is started and air below the steel plate is disturbed through the fan to control the difference value between the upper surface temperature and the lower surface temperature of the steel plate to be less than or equal to 5 ℃ until the upper surface temperature of the steel plate is reduced to T2, Bf‑50℃≤T2≤Bf-20 ℃; the fan was then kept off and the steel plate was cooled to room temperature. The invention can realize good control of the shape of the steel plate under the conditions of low cost and high production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material preparation, and relates to a production method of a plastic die steel plate and the plastic die steel plate prepared by the production method.
Background
With the rapid development of petrochemical processes, the yield of plastics is rapidly increasing. A large number of plastic products need to be pressed and molded by a mold in the production process, and the mold material mainly takes mold steel as the main material and is a key factor influencing the quality, the performance and the service life of the mold.
When the plastic die steel plate is processed into a die through milling, the milling cutting quantity of the surface layer of the steel plate can be reduced and the die yield can be improved due to smaller unevenness. Therefore, in the processing and production process of plastic die steel plates, especially for large-thickness steel plates, how to control the shape of the plates to obtain small unevenness is an important aspect in production. In the existing production process of steel plates, the plate shape is usually controlled by straightening after rolling or stacking in a pit, however: the straightening effect is greatly influenced by the thickness of the plate, and for the steel plate with larger thickness, the straightening effect is poorer, and the damage of a straightening machine is larger, so that the equipment cost is increased; the mode of entering the pit and stacking leads to slow production rhythm and low production efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a plastic die steel plate, and a plastic die steel plate produced by the production method, which can achieve good control of the shape of the steel plate at a low cost and a high production efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing a plastic mold steel plate. The production method comprises the following procedures of,
heating: feeding the steel billet into a heating furnace for heating, and keeping the temperature of a soaking section at 1210-1240 ℃ for 35-55 min;
rolling: rolling the steel billet obtained in the heating procedure into a steel plate, wherein the finishing temperature is more than or equal to Ac3+120℃；
Cooling after rolling: firstly, the steel plate obtained by final rolling is moved to a cooling bed for natural air cooling until the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate is reduced to T1, Bs+15℃≤T1≤Bs+35 ℃; then, the fan is started and air below the steel plate is disturbed through the fan to control the difference value between the upper surface temperature and the lower surface temperature of the steel plate to be less than or equal to 5 ℃ until the upper surface temperature of the steel plate is reduced to T2, Bf-50℃≤T2≤Bf-20 ℃; the fan was then kept off and the steel plate continued to cool to room temperature.
Further preferably, in the cooling process after rolling, the blowing direction of the fan is parallel to the lower surface of the steel plate or obliquely downward away from the lower surface of the steel plate.
More preferably, in the post-rolling cooling step, T1 ═ Bs+30℃，T2＝Bf-30℃。
Further preferably, the step of "continuously cooling the steel plate to room temperature" is: and naturally cooling the steel plate on a cooling bed to room temperature.
Further preferably, the step of "continuously cooling the steel plate to room temperature" is: the steel plate and a ferrite pearlite steel plate with the temperature of 450-550 ℃ are subjected to cross stacking, and the steel plate is self-tempered during stacking until the temperature of the steel plate is reduced to T2 again; then unstacking is carried out, and natural air cooling is carried out until the temperature reaches the room temperature;
wherein the cross-stacking is: the bottom layer and the top layer are both ferrite pearlite steel plates, and the steel plates and the ferrite pearlite steel plates are laminated layer by layer at intervals.
Further preferably, the length L of the steel plate2Width W2Thickness H2And the length L of the ferrite pearlite steel plate1Width W1Thickness H1Satisfies the following conditions: l is1≥L2+500mm，W1≥W2+300mm，H1≥H2。
Further preferably, the step of feeding the steel billet into a heating furnace for heating and preserving the temperature for 35-55 min at 1210-1240 ℃ of a soaking section is taken as first heating; in the heating step: and after the first heating is finished and the steel billet is taken out of the furnace, carrying out second heating on the steel billet, wherein the charging temperature is more than or equal to 700 ℃, and the temperature of the soaking section is 1140-1170 ℃.
Further preferably, in the first heating: the billet is sent into a heating furnace to be heated in the sequence of a preheating section, a heating section and a soaking section, wherein the temperature of the preheating section is 850-950 ℃, the residence time of the preheating section is more than or equal to 60min, and the temperature of the heating section is 1100-1220 ℃.
More preferably, in the rolling step, the billet is rolled into a steel plate with a thickness of 100 to 165 mm;
the unevenness of the steel plate obtained by the production method is less than or equal to 4mm/2 m.
In order to achieve the above purpose, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a plastic mold steel plate, which is prepared by the production method.
Further, the steel plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.32-0.42% of C, 0.16-0.36% of Si, 1.00-2.00% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, 1.00-2.00% of Cr, less than or equal to 1.00% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.050% of V, 0.020-0.060% of Al, 0.010-0.050% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.0030% of B, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the yield strength of the steel plate is more than or equal to 850MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1200MPa, the Rockwell hardness is 37-42 HRC, and the Rockwell hardness fluctuation is less than or equal to 4 HRC.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the plastic die steel plate with good plate shape can be prepared through a simple process route of heating, rolling and cooling the steel billet after rolling, the process window of the rolling procedure in the production process is large, simple and loose, the process route in the whole production process is short, the production efficiency is high, the equipment cost and the energy consumption are low, and the method can be widely used for manufacturing various plastic die steel plates.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microscopic metallographic structure view of a cross section of a steel sheet in example 1 of the present invention; wherein FIG. 1a is at the position of section 1/4 of the steel plate, and FIG. 1b is at the position of section 1/2 of the steel plate;
FIG. 2 is a microscopic metallographic structure diagram of a cross section of the steel sheet in comparative example 1; wherein, fig. 2a is at the position of the section 1/4 of the steel plate, and fig. 2b is at the position of the section 1/2 of the steel plate.
Detailed Description
As mentioned in the background art, the technology of realizing small unevenness in the production of the existing plastic die steel plate is still to be improved, and the defects of high equipment cost and low production efficiency exist. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a production method of a plastic mould steel plate, and particularly, the plastic mould steel plate with low unevenness can be obtained by adopting lower equipment cost and higher production efficiency.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection claimed is not limited to the description.
< first embodiment >
The embodiment provides a production method of a plastic die steel plate and correspondingly provides the plastic die steel plate prepared by the production method.
Specifically, in the production method of the present embodiment, the steel sheet having a good plate shape can be produced by sequentially passing the billet through the heating step, the rolling step, and the post-rolling cooling step. The billet is preferably a continuous casting billet, but not limited thereto. The respective steps will be described in detail below.
(1) Heating step
And (3) feeding the steel billet into a heating furnace for heating, and keeping the temperature of the soaking section at 1210-1240 ℃ for 35-55 min.
Thus, the steel billet is subjected to heat preservation for 35-55 min at the soaking section temperature of 1210-1240 ℃, so that the steel billet is uniformly heated under the condition of low energy consumption, alloy elements in the steel billet are completely dissolved in solid, columnar crystal tissues in the steel billet are eliminated, and the center segregation defect is improved; meanwhile, the surface quality of the steel billet can be ensured by controlling the temperature of the soaking section and the heat preservation time, and the steel billet is prevented from being seriously burnt, and the oxide skin is prevented from being excessively thick.
(2) Rolling process
Rolling the steel billet obtained in the heating procedure into a steel plate, wherein the finishing temperature is more than or equal to Ac3+120 ℃. That is, after the heating process is completed, the billet is rolled into a steel sheet by a rolling mill.
Wherein Ac is3The temperature at which ferrite is completely transformed into austenite during heating is determined by the mass percentage content [ C ] of C, Ni, Si, V, Mo in the chemical composition of the steel slab]、[Ni]、[Si]、[V]、[Mo]The calculation results in, for example, in the present embodiment,
in the embodiment, the normalizing rolling process is realized in the rolling procedure by controlling the finish rolling temperature, the whole rolling is carried out in a recrystallization zone, and the equiaxial grains are finally obtained to avoid a banded structure, so that the structure optimization of the steel plate is realized; meanwhile, the load of the rolling mill in the rolling process can be ensured to be small, so that the damage of the rolling mill is reduced, and the rolling speed and the rhythm are improved.
In the rolling procedure, the steel billet can be rolled into a steel plate with the thickness of more than or equal to 50mm, that is, the production method provided by the embodiment is suitable for preparing a large-thickness plastic die steel plate with the thickness of more than or equal to 50mm, and has more obvious advantages compared with the prior art aiming at the preparation of the large-thickness plastic die steel plate. Preferably, in the rolling step, the billet may be rolled into a steel sheet having a thickness of 100 to 165mm, and thus the thickness of the obtained steel sheet is 100 to 165 mm.
(3) Post-rolling cooling process
Cooling the steel plate obtained by final rolling, wherein the cooling process is divided into three stages:
the first stage, moving the steel plate to a cooling bed, and then naturally cooling the steel plate in air, namely without any intervention means, until the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate is reduced to T1; wherein, Bs+15℃≤T1≤Bs+35 ℃, particularly T1 ═ B may be preferreds+30℃；BsThe temperature of the bainite phase transformation in cooling is obtained from a continuous cooling transformation curve (CCT curve) of super-cooled austenite, or can be obtained by calculation according to the content of chemical component elements in a steel plate;
the second stage, which is carried out on a cooling bed, is immediately followed by the first stage, namely after the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate is reduced to T1, a fan is started and air below the steel plate is disturbed by the fan so as to control the difference between the temperature of the upper surface and the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate to be less than or equal to 5 ℃ until the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate is reduced to T2; wherein, Bf-50℃≤T2≤Bf-20 ℃, particularly preferably T2 ═ Bf-30℃；BfThe temperature of the bainite phase transformation in cooling at the end can be obtained from a continuous cooling transformation curve (CCT curve) of the supercooled austenite, or can be obtained by calculation according to the content of chemical component elements in the steel plate;
the third stage, which is carried out on a cooling bed, is followed by the aforementioned second stage, i.e., after the upper surface temperature of the steel sheet is lowered to T2, the steel sheet is naturally air-cooled from the upper surface temperature of T2 to room temperature on the cooling bed.
That is, all of the post-rolling cooling steps of the present embodiment are performed on the cooling bed, and the first stage and the third stage are both cooled by the natural air cooling method, and the second stage is cooled by the air cooling method with the fan interposed therebetween.
Further, the temperature of the upper surface of the steel sheet is lowered to T1 (i.e., bainite transformation start temperature B)sAt 15 to 35 ℃ above, the second stage is started, and the temperature of the upper surface of the steel sheet is lowered to T2 (also referred to as "T2")I.e. bainite phase transition end temperature BfThe temperature of the upper surface and the lower surface of the steel plate are basically consistent, and the difference value of the temperature of the upper surface and the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate is always maintained within 5 ℃, so that the cold speed, the phase change starting time, the phase change finishing time and the phase change process of the upper surface and the lower surface of the steel plate are kept consistent, micro-deformation of the steel plate in the phase change process is avoided, and the final obtained steel plate is ensured to have small unevenness; meanwhile, the temperature is controlled by adopting a mode of disturbing air by a fan, so that the equipment cost can be reduced and the production efficiency can be improved compared with the existing straightening and pit-entering stacking modes, and in addition, the surface cracks of the steel plate can be avoided, the lower energy consumption cost and the loose process conditions are ensured, and the production difficulty is reduced.
Furthermore, a plurality of fans which are positioned below the steel plate and have adjustable air volume are arranged on the cooling bed; therefore, during the second stage of the cooling process after rolling, the number of the started fans and the air volume of the fans can be regulated according to the difference value of the upper surface temperature and the lower surface temperature of the steel plate, so that the difference value of the upper surface temperature and the lower surface temperature of the steel plate in the whole phase change interval is always kept within 5 ℃.
For example, optionally, when the difference between the upper surface temperature and the lower surface temperature is greater than 30 ℃, 10 fans are started, and the air volume of each fan is 80000-100000 m3H; when the difference between the upper surface temperature and the lower surface temperature is more than 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃, starting 7 fans, wherein the air volume of each fan is 70000-90000 m3H; when the difference between the upper surface temperature and the lower surface temperature is more than 5 ℃ and less than or equal to 15 ℃, starting 3 fans, wherein the air volume of each fan is 70000-90000 m3H; when the difference between the upper surface temperature and the lower surface temperature is less than or equal to 5 ℃, the fan is not started. Of course, this is merely an example, and may actually be implemented in other ways, which basically ensure that the overall air volume of the control fan increases in steps as the difference between the upper surface temperature and the lower surface temperature increases in steps.
Further, the direction of blowing of fan is on a parallel with the lower surface of steel sheet or the lower surface of keeping away from the steel sheet under the slant, and so, the fan can not directly blow towards the lower surface of steel sheet, and just accelerates the air current flow of steel sheet below, guarantees that the temperature everywhere of steel sheet lower surface is even and can not local low partially, further optimizes the plate shape and avoids surface crack.
In the embodiment, the plastic die steel plate obtained based on the production method is detected according to the GB/T709-2019 standard, the unevenness is less than or equal to 4mm/2m, even less than or equal to 3mm/2m, the plate shape quality reaches or even exceeds that of the plastic die steel plate in the prior art, and particularly for a large-thickness steel plate, the plastic die steel plate has the plate shape advantage compared with the prior art.
In addition, the steel sheet provided by the present embodiment has chemical components in weight percent: 0.32-0.42% of C, 0.16-0.36% of Si, 1.00-2.00% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, 1.00-2.00% of Cr, less than or equal to 1.00% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.050% of V, 0.020-0.060% of Al, 0.010-0.050% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.0030% of B, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the yield strength of the steel plate is more than or equal to 850MPa, the tensile strength of the steel plate is more than or equal to 1200MPa, the Rockwell hardness of the steel plate is 37-42 HRC, and the Rockwell hardness fluctuation is less than or equal to 4HRC, namely, the upper limit of the Rockwell hardness difference value of the section of the steel plate is 4HRC, the mechanical property is excellent, the hardness is good, and the structure is uniform.
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows: the plastic die steel plate with good plate shape can be prepared through a simple process route of heating, rolling and cooling the steel billet after rolling, even a large thick plate with the thickness of 100-165 mm, the process window of the rolling procedure in the production process is large, simple and loose, the whole production process is short in process route, high in production efficiency, low in equipment cost and energy consumption, and the method can be widely used for manufacturing various plastic die steel plates.
< second embodiment >
The embodiment also provides a production method of the plastic die steel plate and correspondingly provides the plastic die steel plate prepared by the production method. In the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the steel sheet having a good plate shape can be produced by using a billet such as a continuous cast slab and sequentially performing a heating step, a rolling step, and a cooling step after rolling.
In contrast, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment mainly in that, as a further optimization of the first embodiment: a third stage of the heating step and the post-rolling cooling step. Only differences between the present embodiment and the first embodiment will be described below, and the same parts will not be described again.
First, in the first embodiment, in the third stage of the post-rolling cooling step, the steel sheet is naturally air-cooled from the top surface temperature T2 to room temperature on the cooling bed. In contrast, in the present embodiment, in the third stage of the post-rolling cooling step: the steel plate (referred to as the steel plate provided/prepared by the invention, and for the convenience of distinguishing, the steel plate is called as a plastic die steel plate in the following steps) and a ferrite pearlite steel plate with the temperature of 450-550 ℃ are subjected to cross stacking, and the plastic die steel plate is self-tempered during stacking until the temperature of the plastic die steel plate is reduced to T2 again; and then unstacking and naturally cooling to room temperature.
Wherein the cross-stacking is: the bottom layer and the top layer are both ferrite pearlite steel plates, and the plastic die steel plates and the ferrite pearlite steel plates are laminated layer by layer at intervals. In this way, the upper surface of each plastic mold steel plate is covered with the ferrite pearlite steel plate of the upper layer thereof, and the lower surface thereof is covered with the ferrite pearlite steel plate of the lower layer thereof.
In the present embodiment, in detail, when the second stage of the cooling step after rolling is completed, that is, when the third stage is started, the temperature of the upper surface of the plastic die steel sheet is lowered to T2 (that is, the bainite transformation completion temperature B)fAt the temperature of 20-50 ℃), bainite phase transformation completely occurs from the surface layer to the core, and the hardness difference between the surface layer and the core is large because the bainite between the surface layer and the core is formed at different cooling speeds; in the third stage, the plastic die steel plate and a ferrite pearlite steel plate with the temperature higher than T2 are subjected to cross stacking, so that the bainite structure of the plastic die steel plate is subjected to stable tempering transformation during stacking, MA in the bainite structure is decomposed, and bainite is formedCarbide is separated out from the ferrite of the ferrite, and the obtained plastic die steel plate has uniform structure and uniform performance. As such, the structure uniformity and the performance uniformity are further improved while achieving a good plate shape as in the foregoing first embodiment, relative to the prior art.
In addition, in the third stage, the temperature of the plastic die steel plate is reduced to T2 again and then unstacked, namely the unstacking temperature is T2, so that the stacking time is about 18-24 h, the improvement of tissue uniformity and performance uniformity can be realized, and the high production efficiency can be ensured.
During the cross stacking, the side edge of the plastic die steel plate is subjected to temperature measurement, and the temperature measurement result is used as the temperature of the plastic die steel plate, so that whether the unstacking temperature is reached is judged; of course, the temperature of the upper surface of the plastic die steel plate of the upper layer may be measured by lifting the ferrite pearlite steel plate of the uppermost layer, and the temperature measurement result may be used as the temperature of the plastic die steel plate to determine whether the unstacking temperature is reached.
Preferably, the length L of the plastic mold steel plate2Width W2Thickness H2And the length L of the ferrite pearlite steel plate1Width W1Thickness H1Satisfies the following conditions: l is1≥L2+500mm，W1≥W2+300mm，H1≥H2. So, ferrite pearlite steel sheet size is greater than the size of plastic mold steel sheet for the limit portion of plastic mold steel sheet also can obtain effectual stack tempering, further guarantees the homogeneity of tissue and performance.
Further, in the heating step of the present embodiment, first, as in the first and second embodiments, the billet is fed into the heating furnace and heated, and is maintained at the soaking zone temperature of 1210 to 1240 ℃ for 35 to 55min, and the heating process is the first heating. In the first and second embodiments, the steel slab is heated for the second time after the first heating is finished and the first heating is discharged, and the temperature of the furnace is equal to or higher than 700 ℃ and the temperature of the soaking section is 1140-1170 ℃. Therefore, by carrying out secondary heating and controlling the temperature of the furnace entering and the temperature of the soaking section, the full solid solution and homogenization of alloy components in the steel billet are further realized, the segregation is improved while the energy consumption is reduced and the oxide skin and the oxidation burning loss are avoided, and a foundation is laid for obtaining equiaxial grain structures and refining recrystallized grains in the subsequent rolling.
Preferably, in the first heating: the billet is sent into a heating furnace to be heated in the sequence of a preheating section, a heating section and a soaking section, wherein the temperature of the preheating section is 850-950 ℃, the residence time of the preheating section is more than or equal to 60min, and the temperature of the heating section is 1100-1220 ℃. Therefore, the temperature rising speed of the steel billet is controlled, the steel billet is slowly and uniformly heated, the surface quality of the steel billet is ensured, and microcracks are avoided.
Preferably, the first heating is performed in a first heating furnace, and the second heating is performed in a second heating furnace, that is, the first heating and the second heating are not performed in the same heating furnace, so that the rapid production is facilitated, and the process operation is simplified.
Further, compared with the prior art, compared with the first embodiment, the structure uniformity of the obtained plastic die steel plate is further optimized, the rockwell hardness of the plastic die steel plate is 37-41 HRC, the rockwell hardness fluctuation is less than or equal to 3HRC, namely, the upper limit of the rockwell hardness difference of the section of the steel plate is 3 HRC.
Several examples of the present invention are provided below to further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a production method of a steel plate. The steel billet used in the method can be obtained by steel making and then continuous casting according to the following chemical compositions.
The chemical components comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 0.32-0.42% of C, 0.16-0.36% of Si, 1.00-2.00% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, 1.00-2.00% of Cr, less than or equal to 1.00% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.050% of V, 0.020-0.060% of Al, 0.010-0.050% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.0030% of B, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Thus, the chemical composition of the steel sheet in the present embodiment is the same as above. Based on the mass percent content of C, Ni, Si, V and Mo in chemical components [ C]、[Ni]、[Si]、[V]、[Mo]By the formula
Ac is obtained by calculation3At 805 ℃; b is obtained by CCT curvesAt 445 ℃ and BfAt 297 ℃.
According to the production method, the steel plate is prepared by adopting a continuous casting billet through a heating process, a rolling process and a cooling process after rolling in sequence.
(1) A heating procedure: and (3) feeding the continuous casting into a heating furnace for heating, and keeping the temperature of the soaking section at 1210-1240 ℃ for 35-55 min.
(2) A rolling procedure: and rolling the billet steel obtained in the heating procedure into a steel plate with the thickness of 100mm, wherein the finish rolling temperature is more than or equal to 925 ℃.
(3) And (3) cooling after rolling: moving the steel plate obtained by final rolling to a cooling bed for natural air cooling until the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate is cooled to 475 ℃; detecting that the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate is 489 ℃, the temperature difference between the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate and the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate is 14 ℃, starting 3 fans and disturbing air below the steel plate through the fans to control the difference between the temperature of the upper surface and the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate to be reduced to be within 5 ℃, and then adjusting the number of the started fans and the air volume of the fans according to the temperature of the upper surface and the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate to maintain the difference between the temperature of the upper surface and the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate to be within 5 ℃ until the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate is cooled to 267 ℃; subsequently, the steel plate was naturally air-cooled to room temperature on a cooling bed.
The steel plate of the embodiment is detected according to the GB/T709-2019 standard, and the unevenness is 3mm/2 m; sampling and detecting, wherein metallographic structure diagrams are shown in FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b, the yield strength is 886MPa, the tensile strength is 1276MPa, the Rockwell hardness of the core is 38.3HRC, and the Rockwell hardness of the surface layer is 41.3 HRC. Therefore, the steel plate of the embodiment has excellent plate shape, mechanical property and structure, and meets the use requirements of various plastic die steel plates.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a production method of a steel plate. Wherein the steel slab used was prepared in the same furnace as the steel slab used in example 1, i.e., chemical composition, Ac3、BsAnd BfSame as in example 1.
According to the production method, the steel plate is prepared by adopting a continuous casting billet through a heating process, a rolling process and a cooling process after rolling in sequence.
(1) A heating procedure: feeding the continuous casting billet into a first heating furnace to heat in a preheating section, a heating section and a soaking section in sequence, wherein the temperature of the preheating section is 850-950 ℃, the residence time of the preheating section is more than or equal to 60min, the temperature of the heating section is 1100-1220 ℃, the temperature of the soaking section is 1210-1240 ℃, the heat preservation time of the soaking section is 35-55 min, and discharging; and then, feeding the continuous casting slab into a second heating furnace for secondary heating, wherein the feeding temperature is more than or equal to 700 ℃, the soaking section temperature is 1140-1170 ℃, and the furnace time is more than or equal to 200 min.
(2) A rolling procedure: and rolling the billet steel obtained in the heating procedure into a steel plate with the thickness of 100mm, wherein the finish rolling temperature is more than or equal to 925 ℃.
(3) And (3) cooling after rolling:
moving the steel plate obtained by final rolling to a cooling bed for natural air cooling until the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate is cooled to 475 ℃;
detecting that the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate is 494 ℃, the temperature difference between the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate and the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate is 19 ℃, starting 7 fans and disturbing air below the steel plate through the fans to control the difference between the temperature of the upper surface and the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate to be reduced to be within 5 ℃, and then adjusting the number of the started fans and the air volume of the fans according to the temperature of the upper surface and the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate to maintain the difference between the temperature of the upper surface and the temperature of the lower surface of the steel plate to be within 5 ℃ until the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate is cooled to 267 ℃;
then, carrying out cross stacking on the steel plate and a ferrite pearlite steel plate with the temperature of 450-550 ℃ in a mode that the bottom layer and the top layer are both the ferrite pearlite steel plate, and the steel plate and the ferrite pearlite steel plate are laminated layer by layer at intervals, and self-tempering and heating the steel plate during stacking until the temperature of the steel plate is cooled to 267 ℃ again; then unstacking is carried out, and the steel plate is naturally cooled to room temperature in air;
wherein the length L of the steel plate2Width W2Thickness H2Length L of ferritic pearlite steel plate1Width W1Thickness H1Satisfies the following conditions: l is1≥L2+500mm，W1≥W2+300mm，H1≥H2。
The steel plate of the embodiment is detected according to the GB/T709-2019 standard, the unevenness is 2mm/2m, and the plate shape is excellent; the sample was examined to obtain a yield strength of 864MPa, a tensile strength of 1225MPa, a Rockwell hardness of the core of 37.4HRC, and a Rockwell hardness of the surface of 39.1 HRC. Therefore, the steel plate of the embodiment has excellent plate shape, mechanical property and structure, the uniformity of the structure property is further improved on the basis of the embodiment 1, and the use requirements of various plastic die steel plates are met.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, a method of producing a steel sheet is provided. Wherein the steel slab used was prepared in the same furnace as the steel slab used in example 1, i.e., chemical composition, Ac3Same as in example 1.
According to the production method, the steel plate is prepared by adopting a continuous casting billet through a heating process, a rolling process and a cooling process after rolling in sequence.
(1) A heating procedure: and (3) feeding the continuous casting into a heating furnace for heating, and keeping the temperature of the soaking section at 1210-1240 ℃ for 35-55 min.
(2) A rolling procedure: and rolling the billet steel obtained in the heating procedure into a steel plate with the thickness of 100mm, wherein the finish rolling temperature is more than or equal to 925 ℃.
(3) And (3) cooling after rolling: and (4) moving the steel plate obtained by final rolling to a cooling bed for natural air cooling until the temperature is room temperature.
The steel plate of the comparative example is detected according to the GB/T709-2019 standard, and the unevenness is 7mm/2 m; in the sample test, the metallographic structure is shown in fig. 2a and 2b, the yield strength is 872MPa and the tensile strength is 1264MPa, and the rockwell hardness of the core is 37.4HRC and the rockwell hardness of the surface layer is 40.6 HRC. It can be seen that the steel sheet of this comparative example had poor shape and poor uniformity of structure.
As can be seen by combining examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1, the present invention has the following advantageous effects compared to the prior art: the plastic die steel plate with good plate shape can be prepared through a simple process route of heating, rolling and cooling the steel billet after rolling, the uniformity of the structure performance can be further improved, the process window of the rolling procedure in the production process is large, simple and loose, the process route in the whole production process is short, the production efficiency is high, the equipment cost and the energy consumption are low, and the method can be widely used for manufacturing various plastic die steel plates.
It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments can also be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
The detailed description set forth above is merely a specific description of possible embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is intended to include within the scope of the invention equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for producing a plastic die steel plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
heating: feeding the steel billet into a heating furnace for heating, and keeping the temperature of a soaking section at 1210-1240 ℃ for 35-55 min;
rolling: rolling the steel billet obtained in the heating procedure into a steel plate, wherein the finishing temperature is more than or equal to Ac3+120℃；
Cooling after rolling: firstly, the steel plate obtained by final rolling is moved to a cooling bed for natural air cooling until the temperature of the upper surface of the steel plate is reduced to T1, Bs+15℃≤T1≤Bs+35 ℃; then, the fan is started and the air below the steel plate is disturbed through the fanControlling the difference between the upper surface temperature and the lower surface temperature of the steel plate to be less than or equal to 5 ℃ until the upper surface temperature of the steel plate is reduced to T2, Bf-50℃≤T2≤Bf-20 ℃; then the fan is kept closed, and the steel plate is continuously cooled to the room temperature;
wherein the step of continuously cooling the steel plate to room temperature comprises the following steps: naturally cooling the steel plate on a cooling bed to room temperature; or, the step of "continuously cooling the steel plate to room temperature" is: the steel plate and a ferrite pearlite steel plate with the temperature of 450-550 ℃ are subjected to cross stacking, and the steel plate is self-tempered during stacking until the temperature of the steel plate is reduced to T2 again; then unstacking is carried out, and natural air cooling is carried out until the temperature reaches the room temperature;
the cross stacking is as follows: the bottom layer and the top layer are both ferrite pearlite steel plates, and the steel plates and the ferrite pearlite steel plates are laminated layer by layer at intervals.
2. The method for producing a plastic mold steel plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blowing direction of the fan is parallel to the lower surface of the steel plate or obliquely downward away from the lower surface of the steel plate in the post-rolling cooling process.
3. The method for producing a plastic mold steel plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the post-rolling cooling process, T1= Bs+30℃，T2=Bf-30℃。
4. A method of producing a plastics tool steel plate as claimed in claim 1 wherein the length L of the steel plate is2Width W2Thickness H2And the length L of the ferrite pearlite steel plate1Width W1Thickness H1Satisfies the following conditions: l is1≥L2+500mm，W1≥W2+300mm，H1≥H2。
5. The method for producing a plastic mold steel plate according to claim 1, wherein the steps of "feeding a steel slab into a heating furnace for heating and holding the temperature at a soaking zone temperature of 1210 to 1240 ℃ for 35 to 55 min" are used as the first heating; in the heating step: and after the first heating is finished and the steel billet is taken out of the furnace, carrying out second heating on the steel billet, wherein the charging temperature is more than or equal to 700 ℃, and the temperature of the soaking section is 1140-1170 ℃.
6. A method of producing a plastics mould steel sheet as claimed in claim 5 wherein in the first heating: the billet is sent into a heating furnace to be heated in the sequence of a preheating section, a heating section and a soaking section, wherein the temperature of the preheating section is 850-950 ℃, the residence time of the preheating section is more than or equal to 60min, and the temperature of the heating section is 1100-1220 ℃.
7. The method for producing a plastic mold steel plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the rolling step, the billet is rolled into a steel plate having a thickness of 100 to 165 mm;
the unevenness of the obtained steel plate is less than or equal to 4mm/2 m.
8. A plastic die steel plate, which is characterized by being prepared by the production method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The plastic mold steel plate as claimed in claim 8, wherein the chemical composition in weight percent is: 0.32-0.42% of C, 0.16-0.36% of Si, 1.00-2.00% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, 1.00-2.00% of Cr, less than or equal to 1.00% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.050% of V, 0.020-0.060% of Al, 0.010-0.050% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.0030% of B, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the yield strength of the steel plate is more than or equal to 850MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1200MPa, the Rockwell hardness is 37-42 HRC, and the Rockwell hardness fluctuation is less than or equal to 4 HRC.
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| JPH08134594A (en) * | 1994-11-01 | 1996-05-28 | Nkk Corp | Steel for prehardening metal mold, excellent in repair weldability, and steel material for prehardening metal mold, excellent in repair weldability |
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Address after: 215624 Shagang science and technology building, Yongxin Road, Jinfeng Town, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF IRON & STEEL,SHAGANG,JIANGSU PROVINCE Country or region after: China Patentee after: Jiangsu Shagang Steel Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: JIANGSU SHAGANG GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address before: 215624 Shagang science and technology building, Yongxin Road, Jinfeng Town, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF IRON & STEEL,SHAGANG,JIANGSU PROVINCE Country or region before: China Patentee before: ZHANGJIAGANG HONGCHANG STEEL PLATE Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: JIANGSU SHAGANG GROUP Co.,Ltd. |