CN113498711A - Functional bamboo directional cultivation method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a directional cultivation method of functional bamboo wood, belonging to the field of forest cultivation of bamboo wood, and mainly comprising the following steps: 1) selecting the place: and selecting a corresponding cultivation area according to the functional bamboo cultivation target. 2) Fertilizing forest lands: fertilizing at the stage of changing the leaves of the line penis and the differentiation stage of the shoot buds of the young moso bamboo forest. 3) Covering with foreign soil: the coverage depth is 15-20 cm. 4) And (3) reasonable maintenance: the key period is in the early stage of bamboo shoot (generally before Qingming). 5) Selective felling: selectively cutting into small and big trees and cutting into old trees to keep the density of the bamboo forest at 2400/hm and 2800 plants2. 6) Managing the penis system: burying the penis and clearing the old and dead penis to obtain the effective penis section effect of penis cutting and cultivating. The Mao bamboo forest which is directionally managed by adopting the method can increase the output rate of functional bamboo woods with large diameter grade, high bamboo stalks and small sharpening degree, and the functional bamboo woods haveHas higher utilization value and wider sale market, and can effectively improve the economic benefit of bamboo farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of forest cultivation for bamboo and wool wood, and particularly relates to a directional cultivation method for functional bamboo.
Background
Mao bamboo (A)Phyllostachys pubescens) Is a uniaxial sporadic type evergreen arbor-shaped bamboo plant of the genus Phyllostachys of the family Gramineae, and has the characteristics of quick growth, strong reproductive capacity, easy renewal and the like. In seaside mudflat planting, bamboo with large diameter at breast height, high bamboo stalk and small sharpening degree is an indispensable important raw material. In recent years, with the growing scale of seaside mudflat, the demand of the functional bamboo wood on the market is growing. However, the shortage of high-quality raw materials is the current first problem, and aiming at the market demand and the technical requirement, the functional bamboo wood with large breast diameter, high bamboo stalk and small sharpening degree is cultivated, so that the multi-purpose development and utilization of the bamboo wood can be realized, the added value of the moso bamboo forest product is increased, the operating benefit of the moso bamboo forest is increased, and the production income of bamboo farmers is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a directional cultivation method of functional bamboo, which increases the yield of the functional bamboo with large diameter grade, high bamboo stalk and small sharpening degree through a series of operation measures, thereby solving the problem of insufficient supply of high-quality seaside mudflat planting raw materials in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the functional bamboo wood directional cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting the place: and selecting a corresponding cultivation area according to the functional bamboo cultivation target. 2) Fertilizing forest lands: applying fertilizer twice per degree, and applying fertilizer in the line penis leaf-changing period (5-7 months) and the shoot bud differentiation period (9-10 months) of the young moso bamboo forest. 3) Covering with foreign soil: the soil is yellow soil with light viscosity, pH value of 5-6 and organic matter content of more than 8%, and the covering depth is 15-20 cm. 4) And (3) reasonable maintenance: the key period is in the early stage of bamboo shoot exuberance (generally before Qingming), and the bamboo shoots kept have asymmetric competitive advantages. 5) Selective felling: selectively cutting small and large fresh bamboo to give play to the different-speed growth characteristic of the mother plant; the age structure is modified to 1 degree: 2 degree: 3 degree: 4 degree =1:1:1: 1; the density of the bamboo forest is maintained at 2400-2. 6) Managing the penis system: buried jumperAnd the old and dead penis is cleared to obtain the effect of effective penis section cultivation by penis cutting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention carries out directional cultivation of functional bamboo through scientific forest land selection, efficient fertilization, soil dressing, reasonable maintenance and cutting, management of a penis and root system and other operation measures, and can increase the yield of functional bamboo with large diameter grade, high bamboo stalk and small sharpening degree. The functional bamboo material with the characteristics can greatly improve the economic benefit of growers, so the functional bamboo material is very popular in seaside mudflat planting. For example, when the laver is planted, in one mu of intertidal zone, all the bamboo stalks are 12m high, and when all the bamboo stalks 12m are changed into bamboo material 14m, the production capacity can be increased by 16% under the condition of unchanged labor cost, so that the functional bamboo material has large market demand, and the price of a single bamboo can reach 40-50 yuan. In addition, the invention can realize the multi-purpose development and utilization of bamboo, increase the added value of moso bamboo forest products, contribute to increasing the operating benefits of moso bamboo forests and improve the production income of bamboo farmers.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the relative diameter of the moso bamboo varies with height according to different operation modes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples thereof.
The invention discloses a directional cultivation method of functional bamboo wood, which mainly comprises the following steps:
1) selecting the place: selecting a corresponding cultivation area according to the functional bamboo cultivation target;
according to the specific requirements of the cultivation target requirements, the reasonable selection of the areas has close relation with the latitude and the altitude; according to the elevation condition and the bamboo cultivation target, an optimal area, a suboptimal area and a suitable area can be divided; meanwhile, in the distribution area of the moso bamboos, the altitude condition of each cultivation area is correspondingly increased by 50-80m when the latitude is reduced by one degree; the details are shown in table 1;
table 1: moso bamboo forest land type vertical distribution belt (latitude 28 degree left and right)
Note: in the distribution area of the moso bamboos, the altitude of the cultivation area is correspondingly increased by 50-80m when the latitude is reduced by one degree.
2) Fertilizing forest lands: fertilizing in the line penis leaf changing period and the shoot bud differentiation period of the young moso bamboo forest; the method for fertilizing the forest land twice per degree is specifically as follows: the first fertilization is carried out in the young moso bamboo forest line penis and leaf changing period (5 months to 7 months), namely after the whole forest basically finishes the leaf changing, a hole fertilization and furrow fertilization combined method is adopted, according to the principle of 'fertilizer deep penis descending', when holes are dug and furrows are dug, the depth of the holes and furrows needs to reach more than 30cm, and the underground penis of the moso bamboo forest is induced to grow downwards; the recommended fertilizing amount per degree is 300kg/hm of urea 250-2Calcium superphosphate of 200kg/hm270kg/hm of potassium chloride2(ii) a Applying organic fertilizer in the differentiation period (9-10 months) of bamboo shoot buds in the young moso bamboo forest by ditch application method, wherein the recommended fertilizer application amount per degree is 700kg/hm of organic fertilizer2。
3) Covering with foreign soil; the soil dressing is yellow soil with light viscosity, pH value of 5-6 and organic matter content of more than 8%, the soil covering depth is 15-20cm, the distribution depth of underground bamboo rhizome of the phyllostachys pubescens forest is increased, and the transverse expansion and longitudinal extension growth time of the bamboo shoots in the soil is prolonged.
4) And (3) reasonable maintenance: the key period is in the early stage of bamboo shoot (generally before Qingming); the bamboo shoot emergence period of the phyllostachys pubescens forest is mainly divided into four stages, namely early bamboo shoot emergence stage, early bamboo shoot filling stage, later bamboo shoot filling stage and late bamboo shoot emergence stage; wherein, the early stage unearthed bamboo shoots are the shallow bamboo shoots, the early stage unearthed bamboo shoots are large and full, and the late stage unearthed bamboo shoots are smaller; according to the growth characteristics of the large bamboo shoots growing up and the large bamboo shoots growing up, bamboo shoots in the early stage of the full bamboo shoots are reasonably kept, the large bamboo shoots are kept, small bamboo shoots are dug, and early bamboo shoots and parallel bamboo shoots are timely dug.
5) Selective felling: selectively cutting small and big, and cutting old and strong; because the constant-speed growth relationship exists between the breast diameters of the mother bamboos and the new bamboos in the moso bamboo forest, the breast diameters of the mother bamboos in the forest stand are larger, and the breast diameters of the new bamboos are also larger. Therefore, if the bamboos with the breast diameters smaller than 9cm are cut down selectively, the different-speed growth characteristic of the new bamboos of the mother plant is exerted, the average breast diameter of the moso bamboo forest is improved, and the bamboos with large diameter grade and high bamboo stalks are cultivated.
In the standing bamboos of different ages, the physiological metabolism level of young bamboos and strong bamboos is high, the nutrient accumulation amount is large, the capability of pumping penis and shooting bamboo shoots is strong, the physiological metabolism level of middle-aged bamboos is reduced, the physiological metabolism level of old bamboos is continuously reduced along with the increase of the bamboo ages, and the nutrient content is also continuously reduced. Therefore, the old bamboos are harvested in time, the bamboo age structure is adjusted, the proportion of young bamboos and strong bamboos is increased, and the nutrient supply capacity of the forest stand is enhanced. According to the operation target, the bamboo maintenance proportion of 4 degrees is reduced, the bamboo age structure is adjusted to reach 1 degree: 2 degrees: 3 degrees: 4 degrees =2:2:3:1 in the adjustment period, and the final stabilization period is 1 degree: 2 degrees: 3 degrees: 4 degrees =1:1:1: 1.
The density structure of the moso bamboo forest is always in dynamic change, and the density of the moso bamboo forest is adjusted while reasonable bamboo shoot keeping and selective bamboo harvesting are carried out. Research shows that under a certain diameter at breast height, the yield of bamboo materials is improved along with the increase of density. According to the management target, the density of the phyllostachys pubescens forest is maintained at 2400 strains/hm/2800 through reasonable bamboo shoot conservation and selective bamboo harvesting2。
6) Managing the penis system: burying the penis and clearing the old and dead penis to obtain the effective penis section effect of penis cutting and cultivating. The underground rhizome system of the moso bamboo forest is the foundation for the growth and the renewal of the bamboo forest, and the underground rhizome is a channel for the transmission and distribution of nutrients and water among bamboo plants. In the growth process of underground verbena, some jumbo verbena exposed out of the ground surface can be formed to influence lateral bud germination; and with the increase of the penis age, the sprouting and bamboo shoot capability of underground penis is also continuously reduced. Therefore, during fertilizing and digging bamboo shoots in the moso bamboo forest, the diving whips are subjected to ditching and deep burying treatment, the distribution depth of the underground whips is adjusted, and nutrient absorption is promoted; the old penis and the dead penis are cleaned in time, and the effective penis section cultivating effect of the severed penis is obtained.
Example 1: functional bamboo directional cultivation method
1) Selecting the place: selecting a forest land with elevation of 500-900m, soil layer depth of 80-100cm, loose and breathable soil and fertile and moist soil for directional cultivation of the functional bamboo wood.
2) Fertilizing forest lands:
the fertilizer is applied in two times:
the first fertilization is carried out in the period of the young bamboo forest for carrying the rhizome and the leaves (5-7 months), a hole fertilization method combined with furrow fertilization is adopted, the depth of holes and furrows needs to reach more than 30cm when the holes and furrows are dug and furrowed, and the fertilization amount per degree is 250-inch urea and 300kg/hm2 Calcium superphosphate of 200kg/hm270kg/hm of potassium chloride2。
Applying organic fertilizer in the differentiation period of bamboo shoot buds (9-10 months) of the young moso bamboo forest by ditch application method, wherein the fertilizer application amount per degree is 700kg/hm of the organic fertilizer2。
3) Covering with foreign soil:
the soil is yellow soil with light viscosity, pH value of 5-6 and organic matter content of more than 8%, and the covering depth is 15-20 cm.
4) And (3) reasonable maintenance:
reasonably keeping the bamboo shoots at the early stage of the bamboo shoots (before general clearness), keeping the large bamboo shoots, digging the small bamboo shoots, and timely digging the early bamboo shoots and the parallel bamboo shoots.
5) Selective felling:
selectively cutting small bamboos and large bamboos, wherein the diameter of the breast is less than 9cm, and the number of the cut bamboos is not more than that of the bamboo shoots reserved for cultivation; timely felling aged bamboos, adjusting the bamboo age structure, reducing the ratio of the bamboo maintenance at 4 degrees according to the operational objective, and adjusting the bamboo age structure to achieve 1 degree: 2 degree: 3 degree: 4 =2:2:3:1 in the adjustment period, and finally achieving 1 degree: 2 degree: 3 degree: 4 =1:1:1:1 in the stabilization period. The density of the bamboo forest is maintained at 2400-2。
5) Managing the penis system:
during fertilizing and digging bamboo shoots in the moso bamboo forest, ditching and deeply burying the spring rhizome, adjusting the distribution depth of the underground rhizome and promoting nutrient absorption; the old penis and the dead penis are cleaned in time, and the effective penis section cultivating effect of the severed penis is obtained.
Example 2: moso bamboo individual form research under different operation modes
Selecting the following steps:
in 2016, 10 sample plots (20 m multiplied by 20 m) with similar site conditions, average breast diameter, bamboo age structures and density structures and distinct years and years (the 2016 years are spring bamboo shoots) are selected from a three-kernel Xiangzhu forest base in Tuchang county in Lishui city, Zhejiang province, and experiments are carried out on 5 sample plots in a directional operation (No. 1-5) and a conventional operation (No. 6-10) respectively.
Experimental treatment:
directional cultivation (present invention)
Fertilizing: in 2016, in the period of young moso bamboo forest for flagellar replacement (5-7 months), a hole-applying and furrow-applying combined fertilization method is adopted, and when holes are dug and furrows are dug, the depth of the holes and furrows needs to reach more than 30cm, and the fertilization amount per degree is 250-inch urea and 300kg/hm2Calcium superphosphate of 200kg/hm270kg/hm of potassium chloride2. In 2016, applying organic fertilizer in the bamboo shoot bud differentiation period of the young bamboo shoot by a ditch application method, wherein the fertilizer application amount per degree is 700kg/hm of the organic fertilizer2。
Covering with foreign soil: covering with soil in 2016 (10 months), wherein the soil is yellow soil with light viscosity, pH value of 5-6 and organic matter content of more than 8%, and the covering depth is 15-20 cm.
And (3) reasonable maintenance: reasonably keeping the bamboo shoots at the early stage of the bamboo shoots (before general clearness), keeping the large bamboo shoots, digging the small bamboo shoots, and timely digging the early bamboo shoots and the parallel bamboo shoots.
Selective felling: selectively cutting small bamboo and large bamboo, such as cutting bamboo with diameter at breast less than 9cm, wherein the number of cut bamboo is not more than that of reserved bamboo shoots. Timely felling aged bamboos, adjusting the bamboo age structure to reach 1: 2:3: 4 =2:2:3:1 in the adjustment period, and finally setting the final stabilization period to be 1: 2:3: 4 =1:1:1: 1. The density of the bamboo forest is maintained at 2400-2。
Managing the penis system: during fertilizing and digging bamboo shoots in the moso bamboo forest, ditching and deeply burying the spring rhizome, adjusting the distribution depth of the underground rhizome and promoting nutrient absorption; the old penis and the dead penis are cleaned in time, and the effective penis section cultivating effect of the severed penis is obtained.
And (3) conventional operation:
fertilizing: applying fertilizer once, wherein in the period of bamboo cane penis replacement in the young (5 months to 7 months) in 2016 years, a uniform spreading method is adopted, and the fertilizer application amount per degree is 250 kg/hm of urea2 Calcium superphosphate of 200kg/hm270kg/hm of potassium chloride2。
Randomly digging bamboo shoots and cutting the bamboo: and (4) randomly digging bamboo shoots and chopping the bamboo shoots according to market demands.
Managing the penis system: during fertilizing and digging bamboo shoots in the moso bamboo forest, ditching and deeply burying the spring rhizome, adjusting the distribution depth of the underground rhizome and promoting nutrient absorption; the old penis and the dead penis are cleaned in time, and the effective penis section cultivating effect of the severed penis is obtained.
Data acquisition:
after 4 years of cultivation, the bamboo age and the number of bamboo plants in each sample plot are investigated, and the age structure and the density structure of the sample plot are calculated; measuring the breast height of the bamboo plants in each sample plot, and calculating the average breast height; selecting 9 standard bamboos from the moso bamboos according to the average breast diameter. The standard plant is cut to measure the height of the bamboo (the length from the lower end of the unearthed first section to the bamboo tip is 2.5 cm), the average height of the bamboo (the height of the bamboo of each bamboo plant is estimated by the ratio of the standard bamboo breast diameter to the height of the bamboo), the length and the central diameter of each section are measured by a five-section method, and the central height and the central diameter of each section are used as a curve of relative diameter along with the change of the relative height to represent the sharpening degree.
And (3) data analysis:
the data were sorted in Excel2010, analyzed with the Spss 19.0 statistical software, and plotted using Excel 2010.
The experimental results are as follows:
table 2: structural and morphological characteristics of bamboo forest of sample plot under different operation modes
From the structure and morphological characteristics (table 2) of the moso bamboo forest in the same plot under different operation modes in the experiment, the bamboo age structure of the directional operation plot can be stably 1 degree: 2 degrees: 3 degrees: 4 degrees =1:1:1:1 through reasonable maintenance and selective cutting, while random cutting under the conventional operation has difference between the final bamboo age structures and the proportion of the aged bamboo is higher. Between the directional operation and the conventional operation, the average breast diameter and the average stalk height of the bamboo wood produced by the directional operation are obviously larger than those of the bamboo wood produced by the conventional operation. The functional bamboo directional cultivation method (the invention) can increase the diameter at breast height and the height of bamboo.
Note: the relative diameter is the ratio of the diameter of the stalk at the height to the diameter of the breast height, the relative diameter is fit with a straight line along with the change of the height to express the sharpness, the sharpness is small when the slope is large, and the sharpness is large when the slope is small.
And (3) conventional operation: y = -0.0752x + 1.1146R2 = 0.9943
Directional operation: y = -0.0718x + 1.1127R2 = 0.9978
It can be seen from the change of the relative diameters of the mao bamboos with the height (figure 1) in different operation modes in the experiment that the bamboo with smaller tapering degree can be obtained through the directional operation, which shows that the functional bamboo directional cultivation method (the invention) can reduce the tapering degree of the mao bamboo on the whole.
Claims (8)
1. A functional bamboo wood directional cultivation method is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
1) selecting the place: selecting a corresponding cultivation area according to the functional bamboo cultivation target;
2) fertilizing forest lands: fertilizing in the line penis leaf changing period and the shoot bud differentiation period of the young moso bamboo forest;
3) covering with foreign soil;
4) and (3) reasonable maintenance: the key period is in the early stage of bamboo shoot (generally before Qingming);
5) selective felling: selectively cutting small and big, and cutting old and strong;
6) managing the penis system: burying the penis and clearing the old and dead penis to obtain the effective penis section effect of penis cutting and cultivating.
2. The directional cultivation method of functional bamboo wood according to claim 1, characterized in that the selection in the field:
according to the specific requirements of the cultivation target requirements, the reasonable selection of the areas has close relation with the latitude and the altitude; according to the elevation condition and the bamboo cultivation target, an optimal area, a suboptimal area and a suitable area can be divided; meanwhile, in the distribution area of the moso bamboos, the altitude condition of each cultivation area is correspondingly increased by 50-80m when the latitude is reduced by one degree; the details are shown in table 1;
table 1: moso bamboo forest land type vertical distribution belt (latitude 28 degree left and right)
Note: in the distribution area of the moso bamboos, the altitude of the cultivation area is correspondingly increased by 50-80m when the latitude is reduced by one degree.
3. The directional cultivation method of functional bamboo wood according to claim 1, characterized in that the forest land fertilization adopts a twice-fertilization method per degree, specifically as follows: the first fertilization is carried out in the young moso bamboo forest line penis and leaf changing period (5 months to 7 months), namely after the whole forest basically finishes the leaf changing, a hole fertilization and furrow fertilization combined method is adopted, according to the principle of 'fertilizer deep penis descending', when holes are dug and furrows are dug, the depth of the holes and furrows needs to reach more than 30cm, and the underground penis of the moso bamboo forest is induced to grow downwards; the recommended fertilizing amount per degree is 300kg/hm of urea 250-2Calcium superphosphate of 200kg/hm270kg/hm of potassium chloride2(ii) a Applying organic fertilizer in the differentiation period (9-10 months) of bamboo shoot buds in the young moso bamboo forest by ditch application method, wherein the recommended fertilizer application amount per degree is 700kg/hm of organic fertilizer2。
4. The directional cultivation method of functional bamboo wood according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil dressing covers:
the soil dressing is yellow soil with light viscosity, pH value of 5-6 and organic matter content of more than 8%, the soil covering depth is 15-20cm, the distribution depth of underground bamboo rhizome of the phyllostachys pubescens forest is increased, and the transverse expansion and longitudinal extension growth time of the bamboo shoots in the soil is prolonged.
5. The directional cultivation method of functional bamboo wood according to claim 1, characterized in that the reasonable maintenance:
the bamboo shoot emergence period of the phyllostachys pubescens forest is mainly divided into four stages, namely early bamboo shoot emergence stage, early bamboo shoot filling stage, later bamboo shoot filling stage and late bamboo shoot emergence stage; wherein, the early stage unearthed bamboo shoots are the shallow bamboo shoots, the early stage unearthed bamboo shoots are large and full, and the late stage unearthed bamboo shoots are smaller; according to the growth characteristics of the large bamboo shoots growing up and the large bamboo shoots growing up, bamboo shoots in the early stage of the full bamboo shoots are reasonably kept, the large bamboo shoots are kept, small bamboo shoots are dug, and early bamboo shoots and parallel bamboo shoots are timely dug.
6. The directional cultivation method of functional bamboo wood according to claim 1, characterized in that the selective felling:
selectively cutting small bamboos and large bamboos with the breast diameter smaller than 9cm, exerting the different-speed growth characteristic of new bamboos of a mother plant, improving the average breast diameter of the moso bamboo forest, and cultivating large-diameter bamboo with high bamboo stalks;
timely felling old bamboos, adjusting the bamboo age structure, improving the proportion of young bamboos and strong bamboos, and enhancing the nutrient supply capacity of the forest stand; reducing the ratio of bamboo maintenance at 4 degrees, and adjusting the structure of the bamboo age to achieve 1 degree: 2 degree: 3 degree: 4 degree =2:2:3:1 in the adjustment period, and finally achieving 1 degree: 2 degree: 3 degree: 4 degree =1:1:1:1 in the stabilization period.
7. The directional cultivation method of functional bamboo wood according to claim 6, characterized in that the selective felling:
the yield of the bamboo wood is improved along with the increase of the density, and the density of the moso bamboo forest is maintained at 2400-2。
8. The directional cultivation method of functional bamboo wood according to claim 1, characterized in that the whip root system manages:
during fertilizing and digging bamboo shoots in the moso bamboo forest, ditching and deeply burying the spring rhizome, adjusting the distribution depth of the underground rhizome and promoting nutrient absorption; the old penis and the dead penis are cleaned in time, and the effective penis section cultivating effect of the severed penis is obtained.
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| CN114287281A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-08 | 国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心 | Continuous management method for moso bamboo shoot and bamboo dual-purpose forest |
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