CN113492039A

CN113492039A - Power battery cell aggregate dissociation crushing apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN113492039A
Application number: CN202010258938.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郎平振; 卢世杰; 周宏喜; 孙小旭; 刘义敏; 姚建超; 何建成; 白永林; 杨俊平; 王芏卜
Original assignee: BGRIMM Machinery and Automation Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: BGRIMM Machinery and Automation Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-03
Filing date: 2020-04-03
Publication date: 2021-10-12

Abstract

The invention provides a power battery cell aggregate dissociation crushing device which comprises a feeding hole, a barrel, an air-closed discharger, a discharge hole, a driving device and a rotor device, wherein the air-closed discharger is arranged on the barrel; the feed inlet is positioned on the cylinder body; the air-blocking discharger is connected with the cylinder, and the discharge port is connected with the air-blocking discharger; the driving device is arranged outside the cylinder, the rotor device is positioned inside the cylinder, and the driving device drives the rotor device to rotate. The invention integrates the functions of dissociation, crushing and separation, simplifies the process and reduces the equipment investment and the operation cost. Compared with the prior art, the battery core collecting material can not form collection in the barrel body through one time, the passing capacity is strong, the heating of the material is small, and the processing capacity is large.

Description

Power battery cell aggregate dissociation crushing apparatus

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of waste power battery recycling, in particular to a power battery cell aggregate dissociation crushing device.

Background

In recent years, new energy automobiles, particularly electric automobiles, have been developed rapidly, and the demand of power batteries has increased explosively. With this, the amount of scrapped power batteries began to increase year by year. In order to avoid environmental pollution and resource waste, the downstream echelon utilization and recovery processing industry is confronted with development opportunities.

Power battery installs on new energy automobile with the form of battery package, disassembles into module or electric core after the battery package retires. Through the detection, partial module or electric core is utilized by echelon. After the module or the battery cell is completely scrapped, through links such as discharging, crushing, pyrolysis, sorting and the like, materials such as black powder, copper foil, aluminum foil, diaphragm, aluminum shell and plastic are separated, and then the materials are recycled through subsequent processes.

The prior art for scattering, crushing and sorting the battery cell aggregate has long technological process and more devices. Particularly, in the breaking and crushing links, as the crushing flow in the equipment is short, the massive aluminum shell, the plastic film, the diaphragm, the copper aluminum foil and other materials cannot be effectively crushed at one time and fall onto the lower screen mesh to form accumulation. The piled material is scraped by the movable knife and crushed again. After repeated times, the material size can be qualified and falls down from the sieve pores. Excessive material accumulation can generate heat. Meanwhile, due to the blockage of the screen, the material passing capacity is limited, and the large processing capacity is difficult to achieve. Even if the size of the apparatus is enlarged, the improvement of the processing capacity thereof is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems of the prior art and the equipment, the invention provides the dissociation and crushing equipment for the power battery cell aggregate, and through innovative structural design, the dissociation, crushing and separation functions of the cell aggregate are realized by single equipment, so that the flow is simplified, the equipment investment and operation cost are reduced, and the equipment processing capacity is greatly improved.

The invention provides a power battery cell aggregate dissociation crushing device which comprises a feeding hole, a barrel, an air-closed discharger, a discharge hole, a driving device and a rotor device, wherein the air-closed discharger is arranged on the barrel;

the feed inlet is positioned on the cylinder body; the air-blocking discharger is connected with the cylinder, and the discharge port is connected with the air-blocking discharger; the driving device is arranged outside the cylinder, the rotor device is positioned inside the cylinder, and the driving device drives the rotor device to rotate.

Further, the cartridge includes: the device comprises an inner barrel, an outer barrel, a barrel top plate and a barrel bottom plate; a discharge hole is formed in the inner cylinder, a discharge cavity is formed in the area between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, a discharge channel is formed between the cylinder and the air-closed discharger, and the discharge cavity is communicated with the discharge channel; the barrel top plate is located at one end of the barrel, and the barrel bottom plate is located at the other end of the barrel.

Further, the cylinder also comprises a grid plate; the grating plate is positioned in the inner cylinder and divides the space of the cylinder into an upper inner cylinder, an upper outer cylinder, a lower inner cylinder and a lower outer cylinder; the discharging channel between the upper outer cylinder and the upper inner cylinder and the air-closed discharger is an upper discharging channel, and the discharging channel between the lower outer cylinder and the lower inner cylinder and the air-closed discharger is a lower discharging channel.

Further, the air-shut discharger comprises: an upper air-blocking discharger and a lower air-blocking discharger; the bin outlet includes: an upper discharge port and a lower discharge port; the upper air-blocking discharger is connected with the upper discharge port, and the lower air-blocking discharger is connected with the lower discharge port; the two upper air-closing dischargers are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the upper outer cylinder and are respectively communicated with the upper discharging channel; the lower air-closing discharger is arranged at the bottom of the lower outer cylinder and is communicated with the lower discharging channel.

Further, the driving device includes: an upper drive and a lower drive; the upper driving device is arranged outside the upper outer cylinder, and the lower driving device is arranged outside the lower outer cylinder.

Further, the rotor apparatus includes: an upper rotor unit and a lower rotor unit; the upper rotor device is arranged in the upper inner cylinder, and the lower rotor device is arranged in the lower inner cylinder; the upper driving device drives the upper rotor device to rotate, and the lower driving device drives the lower rotor device to rotate;

the upper rotor device includes: one end of the upper rotor shaft is movably connected with the top plate of the cylinder body, and the other end of the upper rotor shaft is movably connected with the grating plate; the upper cutter is hinged on the upper rotor shaft;

the lower rotor apparatus includes: the grating cylinder comprises a lower rotor shaft and a lower cutter, wherein one end of the lower rotor shaft is movably connected with the grating plate, the other end of the lower rotor shaft is movably connected with the cylinder bottom plate, and the lower cutter is hinged to the lower rotor shaft.

Further, the grid plate comprises: the plate body, the bearing support and the sieve mesh; the bearing support is positioned in the center of the plate body and can be movably connected with the upper rotor shaft and the lower rotor shaft simultaneously; the sieve pores are uniformly distributed on the plate body by taking the bearing support as a circle center.

Further, the upper driving device drives the upper rotor device to rotate at a low speed; the upper rotor device, the upper inner cylinder, the cylinder top plate and the grating plate form a low-speed dissociation area.

Further, the lower driving device drives the lower rotor device to rotate at a high speed; the lower rotor device, the lower inner cylinder, the cylinder bottom plate and the grating plate form a high-speed crushing area.

Further, the air-guiding device also comprises an air-guiding opening, and the air-guiding opening is positioned between the lower discharging channel and the lower air-closing discharger.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the electric core aggregate enters the barrel through the feed inlet, and then the driving device drives the rotor device to rotate, so that the electric core aggregate is dissociated and crushed, and different components are discharged through different discharge ports or air inlets, so that the separation is realized. The battery core collecting material passes through the barrel body once, cannot form collection, and has strong passing capacity, small heating of the material and large processing capacity.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dissociation and pulverization apparatus for a power battery cell aggregate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dissociation and pulverization apparatus for a power battery cell aggregate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1: a feed inlet; 2: a barrel; 3: a grid plate; 4: an upper air-closing discharger; 5: an upper discharge port; 6: a lower air-closed discharger; 7: a lower discharge port; 8: an air inducing port; 9: a lower drive device; 10: a lower rotor unit; 11: an upper rotor device; 12: an upper drive device; 13: a cylinder top plate; 14: an upper outer cylinder; 15: an upper inner cylinder; 16: an upper discharge passage; 17: a lower inner cylinder; 18: a lower outer cylinder; 19: a lower discharge passage; 20: a cylinder body bottom plate; 21: a lower rotor shaft; 22: a lower cutter; 23: a high-speed crushing zone; 24: a low-speed dissociation region; 25: feeding a cutter; 26: an upper rotor shaft.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention provides a dissociation and pulverization device for a power battery cell aggregate, which comprises a feed inlet 1, a cylinder 2, an air-closed discharger, a discharge outlet, a driving device and a rotor device, wherein the air-closed discharger is arranged on the cylinder; the feed inlet 1 is positioned on the cylinder body 2; the air-blocking discharger is connected with the cylinder body 2, and the discharge port is connected with the air-blocking discharger; the driving device is arranged outside the cylinder body 2, the rotor device is positioned inside the cylinder body 2, and the driving device drives the rotor device to rotate. The driving device adopts the combination form of a motor, a belt pulley and a transmission belt, and also can adopt the combination form of a motor and a speed reducer. In the present invention, a driving device consisting of a motor, a pulley and a transmission belt is preferred.

In a more preferred embodiment, the cartridge 2 comprises: an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, a cylinder top plate 13 and a cylinder bottom plate 20; a discharge hole is formed in the inner cylinder, a discharge cavity is formed in the area between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, a discharge channel is formed between the cylinder body 2 and the air-closed discharger, and the discharge cavity is communicated with the discharge channel; the cylinder top plate 13 is located at one end of the cylinder 2, and the cylinder bottom plate 20 is located at the other end of the cylinder 2. Through the innovative structural design of the inner and outer double-layer barrels, the single device realizes the dissociation and crushing of the electric core aggregate.

In a more preferred embodiment, the cartridge 2 further comprises a grid plate 3; the grating plate 3 is positioned in the inner cylinder and divides the space of the cylinder body 2 into an upper inner cylinder 15, an upper outer cylinder 14, a lower inner cylinder 17 and a lower outer cylinder 18; the discharge channel between the upper outer cylinder 14 and the upper inner cylinder 15 and the air-closed discharger is an upper discharge channel 16, and the discharge channel between the lower outer cylinder 18 and the lower inner cylinder 17 and the air-closed discharger is a lower discharge channel 19. The grating plate 3 divides the inner cylinder space into an upper part and a lower part. In the present invention, the grating plate 3 is located at the approximate center of the inner cylinder. Heavy materials such as aluminum shells and plastic strips (blocks) enter the upper discharging channel 16 through the discharging hole of the upper inner cylinder 15; light materials such as copper foil, aluminum foil, diaphragm, plastic film and black powder enter the lower discharging channel 19 through the discharging hole on the lower inner cylinder 17.

In a more preferred embodiment, the airlock discharger comprises: an upper air-blocking discharger 4 and a lower air-blocking discharger 6; the bin outlet includes: an upper discharge port 5 and a lower discharge port 7; the upper air-blocking discharger 4 is connected with the upper discharge port 5, and the lower air-blocking discharger 6 is connected with the lower discharge port 7; the two upper air-blocking dischargers 4 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the upper outer cylinder 14 and are respectively communicated with the upper discharging channel 16; the lower airlock discharger 6 is disposed at the bottom of the lower outer cylinder 18 and communicates with the lower discharge passage 19. Heavy materials in the electric core aggregate are hammered, enter the upper discharging channel 16 through the discharging hole of the upper inner cylinder 15, and are discharged from the upper discharging hole 5 through the two upper air-closed dischargers 4 which are symmetrically distributed; light materials such as copper foil, aluminum foil, diaphragm, plastic film, black powder and the like enter the lower discharging channel 19 through the discharging hole on the lower inner cylinder 17, and the copper foil, the aluminum foil and the like are discharged from the lower discharging hole 7 by the lower air-closed discharger 6.

In a more preferred embodiment, the driving means comprises: an upper drive and a lower drive; the upper drive 12 is arranged outside the upper outer cylinder 14 and the lower drive 9 is arranged outside the lower outer cylinder 18.

In a more preferred embodiment, the rotor apparatus comprises: an upper rotor assembly 11 and a lower rotor assembly 10; the upper rotor device 11 is arranged in the upper inner cylinder 15, and the lower rotor device 10 is arranged in the lower inner cylinder 17; the upper driving device 12 drives the upper rotor device 11 to rotate, and the lower driving device 9 drives the lower rotor device 10 to rotate;

the upper rotor device 11 includes: an upper rotor shaft 26 and an upper cutter 25, wherein one end of the upper rotor shaft 26 is movably connected with the top plate 13 of the cylinder body, and the other end is movably connected with the grid plate 3; the upper cutter 25 is hinged on the upper rotor shaft 26;

the lower rotor apparatus 10 includes: the lower rotor shaft 21 and the lower cutter 22, one end of the lower rotor shaft 21 is movably connected with the grid plate 3, the other end of the lower rotor shaft is movably connected with the cylinder bottom plate 20, and the lower cutter 22 is hinged on the lower rotor shaft 21.

In a more preferred embodiment, the grid plate 3 comprises: the plate body, the bearing support and the sieve mesh; the bearing support is positioned in the center of the plate body and can be movably connected with the upper rotor shaft 26 and the lower rotor shaft 21 at the same time; the sieve pores are uniformly distributed on the plate body by taking the bearing support as the circle center, and the shapes and the sizes of the sieve pores are determined according to requirements.

In a more preferred embodiment, the upper driving device 12 drives the upper rotor device 11 to rotate at a low speed; the upper rotor device 11, the upper inner cylinder 15, the cylinder top plate 13 and the grating plate 3 form a low-speed dissociation region 24. The low-speed dissociation region 24 is used for scattering the block-shaped cell aggregate or the entangled aggregate, discharging heavy materials such as an aluminum shell and a plastic strip (block) from a discharge hole of the upper inner cylinder 15 by hammering, and beating part of black powder on the copper foil and the aluminum foil to fall off. The upper rotor assembly 11 rotates at a low speed of 10m/s to 20m/s, and the preferred speed of the upper rotor assembly 11 in the present invention is 15 m/s. The rotation speed refers to the linear speed of the top end of the cutter.

In a more preferred embodiment, the lower driving device 9 drives the lower rotor device 10 to rotate at a high speed; the lower rotor device 10, the lower inner cylinder 17, the cylinder bottom plate 20 and the grating plate 3 form a high-speed crushing area 23. The high-speed crushing area 23 is used for further beating black powder on the copper foil and the aluminum foil to fall off, and crushing materials such as the copper foil and the aluminum foil. The lower rotor assembly 10 is rotated at a high speed of 30m/s to 50m/s, and the preferred speed of the lower rotor assembly 10 in the present invention is 40 m/s.

In a more preferred embodiment, the air inducing opening 8 is further included, and the air inducing opening 8 is located between the lower discharging channel 19 and the lower airlock discharger 6. The induced air port 8 is connected into an induced air system, so that a certain negative pressure is formed inside the equipment, and the wind direction is from top to bottom. Light materials such as diaphragms, plastic films, black powder and the like in the crushed materials are discharged from the air inducing port 8 under the action of wind power.

The preorder equipment crushes the power battery module or the battery core into a collected material, and the collected material enters the equipment from the feeding hole 1 and firstly enters the low-speed dissociation area 24. The cutter 25 breaks up the block-shaped cell aggregate or the entangled aggregate, and strikes and falls off part of black powder on the copper foil and the aluminum foil. Heavy materials such as aluminum shells and plastic strips (blocks) are hammered, enter the upper discharging channel 16 through the discharging hole of the upper inner cylinder 15 of the cylinder under the action of centrifugal force, and are discharged from the upper discharging port 5 by the upper air-tight discharger 4. The rest light materials continue to descend under the action of gravity and wind power and enter the high-speed crushing area 23 through the grating plates 3. In the high-speed crushing area, the materials are crushed by the cutter 22, and black powder on the copper foil and the aluminum foil is further beaten and shed and then enters the lower discharging channel 19 through a discharging hole on the lower inner cylinder 17. Light materials such as diaphragms, plastic films, black powder and the like in the crushed materials are discharged from the air inducing port 8 under the action of wind power. Heavy materials such as copper foils and aluminum foils in the crushed materials are discharged from a lower discharge port 7 by a lower air-tight discharger 6.

According to the invention, through the double-layer cylinder wall and the double-rotor structure, the upper low-speed dissociation area 24 and the lower high-speed crushing area 23 are constructed, and the cell aggregate is dissociated, crushed and sorted by designing the air induction port 8 to be connected into the air induction system and assisting the negative pressure in the cavity. The equipment is of a closed structure except for the feed inlet 1 and the induced draft opening 8. The negative pressure in the cavity can ensure that light materials such as copper foil, aluminum foil, plastic film, diaphragm and the like in the electric core aggregate smoothly descend in the low-speed dissociation region 24 and the high-speed crushing region 23, and can ensure that the copper foil, the aluminum foil, the plastic film and the diaphragm are separated after the light materials are discharged from the lower discharging channel 19.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The dissociation and crushing equipment for the power battery cell aggregate is characterized by comprising a feeding hole (1), a barrel (2), an air-closed discharger, a discharge hole, a driving device and a rotor device;

the feed inlet (1) is positioned on the barrel body (2); the air-blocking discharger is connected with the cylinder (2), and the discharge port is connected with the air-blocking discharger; the driving device is arranged outside the barrel body (2), the rotor device is positioned inside the barrel body (2), and the driving device drives the rotor device to rotate.

2. The power battery cell aggregate dissociation crushing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the barrel (2) comprises: the device comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, a cylinder top plate (13) and a cylinder bottom plate (20); a discharge hole is formed in the inner cylinder, a discharge cavity is formed in the area between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, a discharge channel is formed between the cylinder body (2) and the air-closed discharger, and the discharge cavity is communicated with the discharge channel; the barrel top plate (13) is located at one end of the barrel (2), and the barrel bottom plate (20) is located at the other end of the barrel (2).

3. The power battery cell aggregate dissociation crushing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the barrel (2) further comprises a grid plate (3); the grating plate (3) is positioned in the inner cylinder and divides the space of the cylinder body (2) into an upper inner cylinder (15), an upper outer cylinder (14), a lower inner cylinder (17) and a lower outer cylinder (18); the discharging channel between the upper outer cylinder (14), the upper inner cylinder (15) and the air-closed discharger is an upper discharging channel (16), and the discharging channel between the lower outer cylinder (18), the lower inner cylinder (17) and the air-closed discharger is a lower discharging channel (19).

4. The power battery cell aggregate dissociation crushing apparatus of claim 3, wherein the air-shut discharger comprises: an upper air-blocking discharger (4) and a lower air-blocking discharger (6); the bin outlet includes: an upper discharge port (5) and a lower discharge port (7); the upper air-blocking discharger (4) is connected with the upper discharge port (5), and the lower air-blocking discharger (6) is connected with the lower discharge port (7); the two upper air-closing dischargers (4) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the upper outer cylinder (14) and are respectively communicated with the upper discharging channel (16); the lower air-closed discharger (6) is arranged at the bottom of the lower outer cylinder (18) and is communicated with the lower discharge channel (19).

5. The apparatus for dissociation and pulverization of power battery cell aggregate according to claim 4, wherein the driving device comprises: an upper drive (12) and a lower drive (9); the upper drive device (12) is arranged outside the upper outer cylinder (14), and the lower drive device (9) is arranged outside the lower outer cylinder (18).

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the rotor device comprises: an upper rotor assembly (11) and a lower rotor assembly (10); the upper rotor device (11) is arranged in the upper inner cylinder (15), and the lower rotor device (10) is arranged in the lower inner cylinder (17); the upper driving device (12) drives the upper rotor device (11) to rotate, and the lower driving device (9) drives the lower rotor device (10) to rotate;

the upper rotor device (11) comprises: the upper rotor shaft (26) and the upper cutter (25), one end of the upper rotor shaft (26) is movably connected with the cylinder top plate (13), and the other end of the upper rotor shaft is movably connected with the grid plate (3); the upper cutter (25) is hinged on the upper rotor shaft (26);

the lower rotor device (10) comprises: lower rotor shaft (21) and lower cutter (22), the one end of lower rotor shaft (21) with grid plate (3) swing joint, the other end with barrel bottom plate (20) swing joint, lower cutter (22) articulate on lower rotor shaft (21).

7. The power battery cell aggregate dissociation crushing apparatus of claim 6, wherein the grid plate (3) comprises: the plate body, the bearing support and the sieve mesh; the bearing support is positioned in the center of the plate body and can be movably connected with the upper rotor shaft (26) and the lower rotor shaft (21) at the same time; the sieve pores are uniformly distributed on the plate body by taking the bearing support as a circle center.

8. The apparatus for dissociating and crushing a power battery cell aggregate according to claim 6, wherein the upper driving device (12) drives the upper rotor device (11) to rotate at a low speed; the upper rotor device (11), the upper inner cylinder (15), the cylinder top plate (13) and the grating plate (3) form a low-speed dissociation area (24).

9. The dissociation and pulverization apparatus for power battery cell aggregate according to claim 8, characterized in that the lower driving device (9) drives the lower rotor device (10) to rotate at high speed, and the lower rotor device (10), the lower inner cylinder (17), the cylinder bottom plate (20) and the grid plate (3) form a high-speed pulverization region (23).

10. The dissociation crushing equipment for the power battery cell aggregate according to claim 9, characterized by further comprising an air induction opening (8), wherein the air induction opening (8) is located between the lower discharge channel (19) and the lower air-closing discharger (6).