CN113478264B - A special machine tool for rear axle housing boring - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a special machine tool for rear axle housing boring, comprising a bed and a fixture, the fixture comprises an intermediate positioning mechanism arranged in the middle of the surface of the bed for positioning the pipa hole of the rear axle, and a symmetrically arranged intermediate positioning mechanism The centering and clamping mechanisms on both sides, the middle positioning mechanism includes a clamping body and a floating disc arranged on the clamping body, and a centering and tightening mechanism is arranged in the floating disc; The two ends of the shell are clamped to perform axial positioning to eliminate the positioning error caused by the machining error of the outer circle of the shaft at both ends; The end face of the pipa hole is supported, and the support pin floats with the floating disc to eliminate the machining error of the end face of the pipa hole; the rear axle housing is precisely positioned and clamped to ensure that the bearing hole of the boring bridge tube is concentric with the outer circle.

Description

A special machine tool for rear axle housing boring

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining equipment, in particular to a special machine tool for boring a rear axle housing.

Background technique

The rear axle refers to the component of the rear drive shaft of the vehicle power transmission. It consists of two half axles to form the rear axle, which can implement the differential motion of the half axles. At the same time, it is also a device used to support the wheels and connect the rear wheels. The rear axle housing boring machine mainly uses V-shaped blocks for positioning, and then uses hydraulic clamps to clamp the bridge tubes at both ends of the rear axle housing, and perform boring processing at both ends. Due to the size deviation of the bridge tubes, it is easy to cause poor positioning. Accurate, resulting in the coaxiality error and axial symmetry error of the bridge tubes at both ends of the rear axle housing, and the machining accuracy cannot be guaranteed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Technical purpose: Aiming at the shortcomings of large positioning error and low machining accuracy of the existing rear axle housing processing machine tools, the invention discloses a rear axle housing that eliminates the positioning errors of the pipa hole and the bridge tube and ensures that the bearing hole of the bridge tube is concentric with the outer circle. Special machine tool for boring.

Technical scheme: In order to realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A special machine tool for rear axle housing boring, comprising a bed and a fixture, the fixture includes an intermediate positioning mechanism for positioning the pipa hole of the rear axle housing provided in the middle of the surface of the bed, and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the intermediate positioning mechanism. The centering clamping mechanism is provided with a first sliding table below the centering clamping mechanism. The centering clamping mechanism is connected with the first sliding saddle of the first sliding table and slides along the first sliding table; There is a power head on the outside of the mechanism. The power end of the power head is on the same axis as the centering and clamping mechanism, and a numerical control slide table for driving the power head to slide along the axis is arranged under the power head. Connect with the saddle of the CNC sliding table;

The intermediate positioning mechanism includes a clamp body and a floating disc arranged on the clamp body. A guide sleeve is provided in the center of the bottom of the floating disc, and a lifting hole for the guide sleeve to move up and down is provided on the clamp body. A support rod assembly for driving the floating disc to float up and down is arranged around it. The support rod assembly includes a support rod, a cushion block and a spring. The top of the support rod is fixedly connected with the floating disc, and the bottom of the support rod passes through the clamp body and is located in the cavity set inside the clamp body. , locked by the nut screwed on the end; the spring is sleeved on the support rod, located between the floating disc and the upper surface of the clamp body, the spacer is sleeved on the support rod, located at the lower part of the spring, rotate the nut to adjust The movement value of the floating disc; a centering and tightening mechanism for fixing the inner ring of the pipa hole is set on the upper part of the floating disc.

Preferably, the floating disc of the present invention adopts a hollow structure with a central hole in the center. The centering and tightening mechanism includes a horizontally arranged ejector rod and a first positioning block. One end of the ejector rod is located in the center hole, and the other end passes through the floating disc Connected with the first positioning block, a dovetail seat for driving the ejector rod to move in the horizontal direction is arranged in the center hole, the larger diameter end of the dovetail seat is upward, and the end of the ejector rod is slidably connected with the side of the dovetail seat; The bottom of the seat is provided with a first oil cylinder for driving the dovetail seat to move up and down in the center hole, and the first oil cylinder is fixed under the floating plate through the oil cylinder mounting plate.

Preferably, the floating disc of the present invention is provided with an annular boss for connecting with the support rod assembly, and several groups of guide rods are arranged on the lower surface of the annular boss for assisting the lifting of the floating disc, and the top of the guide rod is inserted into the annular boss The boss is fixed by fastening screws, the bottom of the guide rod is inserted into the inside of the clamp body, and the clamp body is provided with a guide hole for the guide rod to move up and down.

Preferably, the upper surface of the annular boss of the present invention is evenly distributed with support nails for supporting the end face of the pipa hole, and the bottom of the support nails is fixedly connected to the annular boss.

Preferably, the centering and clamping mechanism of the present invention includes a support, the support is fixed on the first sliding saddle, a first sliding block and a second sliding block are symmetrically arranged on the support, and the first sliding block and the second sliding block are symmetrically arranged on the support. The opposite surfaces of the blocks are provided with first V-shaped plates, the opening sides of the two first V-shaped plates are arranged opposite to each other, and second positioning blocks are respectively provided on the plate surfaces of the first V-shaped plates forming an included angle; The sliding direction of the sliding block and the second sliding block is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the support. The support is provided with a chute for the first sliding block and the second sliding block to slide. A drive mechanism for sliding the block and the second slider.

Preferably, the driving mechanism of the present invention includes a second oil cylinder arranged in parallel with the sliding direction of the first sliding block, the second oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the support through a flange, a connecting plate is provided at the bottom of the first sliding block, and the connecting plate is sleeved On the piston rod of the second oil cylinder, the piston rod is provided with a limiting shoulder on the side of the connecting plate facing the second oil cylinder, the piston rod is threadedly connected with a rack shaft on the other side of the connecting plate, and the end of the rack shaft and The limit shaft shoulder clamps the connecting plate; a first transmission gear is arranged between the bottom of the second slider and the rack shaft, the bottom of the first transmission gear meshes with the gear teeth on the rack shaft, and the second slider The bottom is provided with a first rack, which is connected with the upper part of the first transmission gear. With the movement of the piston rod, the first slider and the second slider are driven to move relative or opposite to each other, so as to carry out the rear axle housing bridge. Clamping or loosening of tubes.

Preferably, the first sliding table of the present invention is provided with an axial adjustment mechanism for driving the first sliding saddle to move. Below the saddle, a second transmission gear is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the bottom of the first sliding saddle is provided with a second rack that meshes with the teeth of the second transmission gear for transmission; Groove ball bearings, deep groove ball bearings are fixed by the bearing end cover, and one end of the rotating shaft passes through the end bearing cover and then connects to the external power source.

Preferably, a gap adjustment mechanism is provided between the sliding seat and the first sliding saddle of the first sliding table of the present invention, and the gap adjustment mechanism includes a lining and a lining adjusting block located on the upper surface of the sliding seat of the first sliding table, and the lining is An adjustment screw and an adjustment pin are arranged below the adjustment block. The adjustment screw is fixed on the first sliding table along the direction perpendicular to the side surface of the first sliding table. The adjusting screw is provided with adjusting nuts on both sides of the lower part of the adjusting pin for driving the adjusting pin to move.

Preferably, in the present invention, a pre-positioning mechanism for pre-positioning before the rear axle housing is clamped is provided between the centering clamping mechanism and the intermediate positioning mechanism. The pre-positioning mechanism includes a bracket and a second V-shaped plate. The second V-shaped plate The opening is upward, and the bottom is fixedly connected with the first sliding saddle through the bracket.

Preferably, the tool of the power head of the present invention and the main shaft are connected by BT, a protective cover that is fully closed when boring is provided on the machine tool, and an oil mist collector is provided on the top of the protective cover; there is also a side of the machine tool. Equipped with pneumatic components, lubricating components, control components, hydraulic components and cooling components to assist the operation of the machine tool.

Beneficial effects: The special machine tool for rear axle housing boring provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The floating disc of the intermediate positioning mechanism of the present invention can float up and down along the clamping body through the support rod assembly, and when there is a deviation of the end face of the pipa hole, the contact between the support pin and the end face of the pipa hole is always maintained, and the angular positioning error of the end face of the pipa hole is eliminated.

2. The present invention is provided with a centering and tightening mechanism in the floating disc, which drives the ejector rod and the first positioning block to move through the dovetail groove, and tightens the inner ring of the pipa hole, which can eliminate the influence of the machining dimensional error of the pipa hole on the positioning. In addition, when the rear axle housing is changed, when the diameter of the pipa hole changes, the tensioning mechanism can also maintain the tension.

3. The centering and clamping mechanism of the present invention is clamped by the first V-shaped block arranged on the first sliding block and the second sliding block that are relatively sliding, which can eliminate the influence of the outer circle size error of the bridge tube on the positioning, and always Keep the bridge tubes at both ends of the pipa hole concentrically fixed to ensure the coaxiality of the boring hole.

4. An axial adjustment mechanism is arranged in the first sliding table of the present invention, the first sliding saddle is driven to move by the rotating shaft and the second transmission gear, and the axial position of the centering clamping mechanism is adjusted, which is suitable for the processing requirements of rear axle housings of different specifications.

5. The present invention applies the composite processing technology, which is processed after the rear axle housing is fixed, and the processes that require multiple single equipment processing are concentrated on one machine tool, which reduces the number of repeated installation and positioning, and avoids repeated positioning errors. , which greatly improves the production efficiency, and the production cycle is ≤120 seconds/piece. It meets the high-efficiency and multi-variety processing requirements of such parts, and is suitable for mass production.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that are required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art.

Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the main sectional view of the fixture of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the intermediate positioning mechanism in Fig. 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the centering and clamping mechanism in FIG. 3 of the present invention;

6 is a radial cross-sectional view of the centering and clamping mechanism of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of the gap adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

Among them, 1- anchor screw, 2- bed, 3- first adjustment pad, 4- CNC sliding table, 5- power head, 6- centering clamping mechanism, 7- intermediate positioning mechanism, 8- protective cover, 9 -Oil mist collector, 10-pneumatic parts, 11-lubrication parts, 12-control parts, 13-hydraulic parts, 14-cooling parts, 15-first slide table, 16-first slide saddle, 17-first adjustment Pad, 18-clamp body, 19-floating disc, 20-guide bush, 21-support rod, 22-spacer, 23-spring, 24-cavity, 25-nut, 26-centering tensioning mechanism, 27- Center hole, 28- ejector rod, 29- first positioning block, 30- dovetail seat, 31- first oil cylinder, 32- oil cylinder mounting plate, 33- annular boss, 34- guide rod, 35- guide hole, 36- Support nail, 37-support, 38-first slider, 39-second slider, 40-first V-plate, 41-second positioning block, 42-second oil cylinder, 43-connecting plate, 44- Piston rod, 45-limiting shoulder, 46-rack shaft, 47-first transmission gear, 48-first rack, 49-rotating shaft, 50-second transmission gear, 51-second rack, 52- Deep groove ball bearing, 53-bearing end cover, 54-insert, 55-insert adjusting block, 56-adjusting screw, 57-adjusting pin, 58-adjusting nut, 59-bracket, 60-second V-plate, 61-first dust cover, 62-second dust cover, 63-pressing plate, 64-second adjustment pad, 65-transmission shaft, 66-fixed end cover, 67-guide sleeve.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be more clearly and completely described below by means of a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the described embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, it is a special machine tool for rear axle housing boring disclosed by the present invention, comprising a bed 2 and a fixture, and the bottom of the bed 2 is supported by an anchor screw 1; the fixture is included in the bed The middle part of the upper surface of the body 2 is provided with an intermediate positioning mechanism 7 for positioning the pipa hole of the rear axle housing, and a centering clamping mechanism 6 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the intermediate positioning mechanism 7. The first sliding table 15, the centering clamping mechanism 6 is connected with the first sliding saddle 16 of the first sliding table 15, and slides along the first sliding table 15; a power head is respectively provided on the outside of the two sets of centering and clamping mechanisms 5. The power end of the power head 5 is on the same axis as the centering and clamping mechanism 6. Below the power head 5, there is a numerical control slide table 4 for driving the power head 5 to slide along the axis direction. The power head 5 and the numerical control The saddle connection of the slide table 4.

The BT connection between the tool of the power head 5 and the main shaft, the tool sampling tube is combined with the tool, the bearing holes at both ends of the rear axle housing are bored, the end face of the bearing hole is scraped, and the inner and outer rounds are chamfered; the machine tool is equipped with a fully closed hole during boring. The protective cover 8 is provided with an oil mist collector 9 on the top of the protective cover 8; on one side of the machine tool, there are also pneumatic components 10, lubricating components 11, control components 12, hydraulic components 13 and cooling components for assisting the operation of the machine tool. 14. The cooling part 14 is composed of a water tank, a water pump, a chip conveyor, a waste tank, and a cooling pipeline. The coolant is turned on during processing to cool and lubricate the tool, and at the same time, the chips are discharged into the chip conveyor, and the chip conveyor discharges the chips into the waste tank. . Difficult-to-discharge chips are discharged into the magnetic chip remover by the screw chip conveyor installed on both sides of the bed, and the coolant is filtered by the water tank and then re-enters the water pump for circulating work; The part 11 regularly lubricates the guide rails on the sliding table, and the control part controls the machine tool to execute according to the specified action.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , a pre-positioning mechanism for pre-positioning before the rear axle housing is clamped is provided between the centering clamping mechanism 6 and the intermediate positioning mechanism 7 of the present invention, and the pre-positioning mechanism includes a bracket 59 and a second V-shaped plate 60, the opening of the second V-shaped plate 60 is upward, and the bottom is fixedly connected to the first sliding saddle 16 through the bracket 59; the intermediate positioning mechanism 7 includes a clamping body 18 and a floating disc 19 arranged on the clamping body, and the bottom of the floating disc 19 is There is a guide sleeve 20 in the center, a lifting hole for the guide sleeve to move up and down is arranged on the clamping body 18, and a support rod assembly for driving the floating disk to float up and down is provided on the lower surface of the floating disc 19 around the guide sleeve. The support rod assembly includes The support rod 21, the spacer 22 and the spring 23, the top of the support rod 21 is fixedly connected with the floating disc 19, and the bottom of the support rod 21 passes through the clamp body 18 and is located in the cavity 24 provided inside the clamp body, and is locked by the nut 25 screwed on the end The spring 23 is sleeved on the support rod 21, located between the floating disc 19 and the upper surface of the clamping body 18, the cushion block 22 is sleeved on the support rod 21, located at the lower part of the spring 23, and the nut 25 is rotated to adjust the floating disc The movement value of 19; when the two ends of the rear axle housing are clamped, ensure that the axes of the two ends are not deformed in the vertical direction.

The floating disc 19 is provided with an annular boss 33 for connecting with the support rod assembly, and on the lower surface of the annular boss 33 there are several sets of guide rods 34 for assisting the lifting and lowering of the floating disc 19, and the top of the guide rods 34 is inserted into the ring. The inside of the boss 33 is fixed by tightening screws, the bottom of the guide rod 34 is inserted into the inside of the clamp body 18, the clamp body 18 is provided with a guide hole 35 for the guide rod 34 to move up and down, and the upper surface of the annular boss 33 is evenly distributed with holes for pipa The support nail 36 supported by the end face, the bottom of the support nail 36 is fixedly connected with the annular boss 33 .

A centering and tightening mechanism 26 for fixing the inner ring of the pipa hole is arranged on the upper part of the floating plate 19. The floating plate 19 adopts a hollow structure and has a center hole 27 in the center. The centering and tightening mechanism 26 includes a horizontally arranged top rod 28 and a A positioning block 29, one end of the ejector rod 28 is located in the central hole 27, and the other end is connected to the first positioning block 29 after passing through the floating plate 19. A dovetail seat for driving the ejector rod 28 to move in the horizontal direction is arranged in the central hole 27 30, the larger diameter end of the dovetail seat 30 is upward, and the end of the ejector rod 28 is in a sliding connection with the side of the dovetail seat 30; the bottom of the dovetail seat 30 is provided with a first oil cylinder for driving the dovetail seat to move up and down in the center hole 31. The first oil cylinder 31 is fixed below the floating plate 19 through the oil cylinder mounting plate 32; the first oil cylinder 31 drives the dovetail seat 30 to move downward, pushes the ejector rod to move radially through the side of the dovetail seat, and drives the first positioning block 29 to move The pipa hole is tightened, and a first dust cover 61 and a second dust cover 62 are provided at the openings on the top and side of the floating disc 19, respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , the centering and clamping mechanism 6 of the present invention includes a support 37 , the support 37 is fixed on the first sliding saddle 16 , and a first sliding saddle 16 is provided between the support 37 and the first sliding saddle 16 . Two adjusting pads 64, a first sliding block 38 and a second sliding block 39 are symmetrically arranged on the support 37, and the first V-shaped plate 40 is provided on the opposite surfaces of the first sliding block 38 and the second sliding block 39. The opening side of the first V-shaped plate 40 is arranged opposite to each other, and the second positioning blocks 41 are respectively provided on the plate surfaces of the first V-shaped plate 40 which form an angle with each other; the sliding direction of the first sliding block 38 and the second sliding block 39 Vertical to the sliding direction of the support 37, the support 37 is provided with a chute for the first slider 38 and the second slider 39 to slide, and the support 37 is provided below the chute for driving the first slider 38 and the second slider 39. The two sliding blocks 39 slide the driving mechanism.

The driving mechanism includes a second oil cylinder 42 arranged in parallel with the sliding direction of the first sliding block. The second oil cylinder 42 is fixedly connected to the support 37 through a flange. The bottom of the first sliding block 38 is provided with a connecting plate 43, and the connecting plate 43 is sleeved. On the piston rod 44 of the second oil cylinder 42, the piston rod 44 is provided with a limiting shoulder 45 on the side of the connecting plate 43 facing the second oil cylinder, and the piston rod 44 is screwed with a rack shaft 46 on the other side of the connecting plate, The end of the rack shaft 46 and the limiting shoulder 45 clamp the connecting plate 43; a first transmission gear 47 is provided between the bottom of the second slider 39 and the rack shaft 46, and the bottom of the first transmission gear 47 is connected to the The gear teeth on the rack shaft 46 are meshed, and a guide sleeve 67 for guiding is concentrically sleeved on the outside of the rack shaft 46; a transmission shaft 65 is pierced in the center of the first transmission gear 47, and the support 37 is provided at both ends of the transmission shaft. There is a fixed end cover 66; a first rack 48 is provided at the bottom of the second slider 39, the first rack 48 is connected to the upper part of the first transmission gear 47, and with the movement of the piston rod 44, the first slider is driven 38 and the second sliding block 39 move relative to or opposite to each other to clamp or loosen the rear axle housing bridge tube; the first sliding block 38 and the second sliding block 39 are designed with a convex cross section, and the wider One end is downward, and the shape of the chute matches the wider end of the slider. The top of the chute is provided with a pressure plate 63, through which the lower part of the slider is confined in the chute to prevent the slider from falling out.

The first sliding table 15 of the present invention is provided with an axial adjustment mechanism for driving the first sliding saddle 16 to move. The axial adjustment mechanism includes a rotating shaft 49 perpendicular to the moving direction of the sliding saddle. Below the sliding saddle 16, a second transmission gear 50 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 49, and the bottom of the first sliding saddle 16 is provided with a second rack 51 that meshes with the teeth of the second transmission gear 50 for transmission; the rotating shaft Both ends of 49 are sleeved with deep groove ball bearings 52. The deep groove ball bearings 52 are fixed by the bearing end cover 53. One end of the rotating shaft 49 passes through the end bearing cover and is connected to an external power source. When changing the type, the rotating shaft 49 can be rotated by The rack and pinion mechanism adjusts the position of the first sliding saddle on the first sliding table 15 until the centering clamping mechanism is positioned at the outer circle, and then the driving mechanism drives the sliding block to clamp.

As shown in FIG. 7 , a gap adjusting mechanism is provided between the sliding seat of the first sliding table 15 and the first sliding saddle 16 of the present invention, and the gap adjusting mechanism includes an insert 54 on the upper surface of the sliding seat of the first sliding table 15 and the inlay adjusting block 55, an adjusting screw 56 and an adjusting pin 57 are arranged below the inlay adjusting block 55, and the adjusting screw 56 is fixed on the first sliding table along the direction perpendicular to the side surface of the first sliding table, and the lower part of the adjusting pin 57 is sleeved. It is connected to the adjusting screw 56, and the upper part is inserted into the inside of the insert adjusting block 55. The adjusting screw 56 is provided with adjusting nuts 58 on both sides of the lower part of the adjusting pin 57 for driving the adjusting pin to move. The adjusting screw 56 moves upward, and drives the insert adjusting block 55 to push the insert 54 to adjust the gap between the first sliding saddle 16 and the sliding seat of the first sliding table 15 .

When the special machine tool for boring the rear axle housing provided by the present invention is used, the rear axle housing is first put into the pre-positioning mechanism, and then the rotating shaft 49 , the second transmission gear 50 and the second rack 51 of the axial adjustment mechanism are used. Drive the first sliding saddle 16 to move, adjust the axial position of the centering and clamping mechanism to correspond to the size of the rear axle housing to be processed, and then adjust the height of the two centering and clamping mechanisms through the second adjusting pad 63 The nut 25 adjusts the distance of the support rod 21, so that the support nail 36 contacts the end face of the pipa hole; the rear axle housing that has been positioned by the pre-positioning mechanism is placed on the fixture, and the second oil cylinder 42 pushes the piston rod 44 to drive the first A sliding block 38 slides, and drives the second sliding block 39 to slide synchronously through the rack shaft 46, the first transmission gear 47 and the first rack 48, and the bridge tubes at both ends of the rear axle housing are coaxially clamped, and then the centering The tensioning mechanism 26 tightens the pipa hole to realize the axial positioning of the pipa hole of the rear axle housing, and the support pin 36 compresses the end face of the pipa hole, and the spring 23 compensates for the error caused by the end face processing, and realizes the angular positioning of the end face of the pipa hole; then Close the door, start the machine tool, the power head drives the rotation, the CNC sliding table drives the power head to move, and at the same time boring the holes at both ends of the rear axle housing, scraping the end faces of the holes, chamfering the inner and outer corners, and completing the process content.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The rear axle housing boring special machine tool is characterized by comprising a machine tool body (2) and a clamp, wherein the clamp comprises a middle positioning mechanism (7) which is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the machine tool body and used for positioning lute holes of a rear axle housing, and centering clamping mechanisms (6) which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the middle positioning mechanism (7), a first sliding table (15) is arranged below each centering clamping mechanism (6), and each centering clamping mechanism (6) is connected with a first sliding saddle (16) of the first sliding table (15) and slides along the first sliding table (15); a power head (5) is arranged on the outer side of each of the two groups of centering and clamping mechanisms, the power end of the power head (5) and the centering and clamping mechanism (6) are positioned on the same axis, a numerical control sliding table (4) used for driving the power head (5) to slide along the axis direction is arranged below the power head (5), and the power head (5) is connected with a sliding saddle of the numerical control sliding table (4);

the middle positioning mechanism (7) comprises a clamp body (18) and a floating disc (19) arranged on the clamp body, a guide sleeve (20) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the floating disc (19), a lifting hole used for the guide sleeve to move up and down is formed in the clamp body (18), supporting rod assemblies used for driving the floating disc to float up and down are arranged on the periphery of the guide sleeve on the lower surface of the floating disc (19), each supporting rod assembly comprises a supporting rod (21), a cushion block (22) and a spring (23), the top of each supporting rod (21) is fixedly connected with the floating disc (19), the bottom of each supporting rod assembly penetrates through the clamp body (18) and then is located in a cavity (24) formed in the clamp body, and the supporting rod assemblies are locked through nuts (25) screwed at the end parts; the spring (23) is sleeved on the supporting rod (21) and positioned between the floating disc (19) and the upper surface of the clamp body (18), the cushion block (22) is sleeved on the supporting rod (21) and positioned at the lower part of the spring (23), and the moving value of the floating disc (19) is adjusted by rotating the nut (25); a centering tensioning mechanism (26) for fixing the inner ring of the lute hole is arranged at the upper part of the floating disc (19);

the centering and clamping mechanism (6) comprises a support (37), the support (37) is fixed on the first saddle (16), a first sliding block (38) and a second sliding block (39) are symmetrically arranged on the support (37), first V-shaped plates (40) are arranged on the surfaces, opposite to the first sliding block (38) and the second sliding block (39), of the openings of the two first V-shaped plates (40) are oppositely arranged, and second positioning blocks (41) are respectively arranged on the surfaces, included angles are formed between the first V-shaped plates (40); the sliding directions of the first sliding block (38) and the second sliding block (39) are vertical to the sliding direction of the support (37), a sliding groove used for the first sliding block (38) and the second sliding block (39) to slide is formed in the support (37), and a driving mechanism used for driving the first sliding block (38) and the second sliding block (39) to slide is arranged below the sliding groove of the support (37);

an axial adjusting mechanism used for driving the first sliding saddle (16) to move is arranged in the first sliding table (15), the axial adjusting mechanism comprises a rotating shaft (49) perpendicular to the moving direction of the sliding saddle, the rotating shaft (49) penetrates through the lower portion of the first sliding saddle (16), a second transmission gear (50) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (49), and a second rack (51) meshed with gear teeth of the second transmission gear (50) and used for transmission is arranged at the bottom of the first sliding saddle (16); two ends of the rotating shaft (49) are sleeved with deep groove ball bearings (52), the deep groove ball bearings (52) are fixed through bearing end covers (53), and one end of the rotating shaft (49) penetrates through the end bearing covers and then is connected with an external power source;

the floating disc (19) is provided with an annular boss (33) used for being connected with a supporting rod assembly, the lower surface of the annular boss (33) is provided with a plurality of groups of guide rods (34) used for assisting the floating disc (19) to lift, the tops of the guide rods (34) are inserted into the annular boss (33) and fixed by fastening screws, the bottoms of the guide rods (34) are inserted into the clamp body (18), and the clamp body (18) is provided with guide holes (35) used for the guide rods (34) to move up and down; supporting nails (36) used for supporting the end faces of the lute holes are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the annular boss (33), and the bottom of each supporting nail (36) is fixedly connected with the annular boss (33).

2. The machine tool special for boring the rear axle housing is characterized in that the floating disc (19) is of a hollow structure, a central hole (27) is formed in the center of the floating disc, the centering and tensioning mechanism (26) comprises a push rod (28) and a first positioning block (29), the push rod (28) is horizontally arranged, one end of the push rod (28) is located in the central hole (27), the other end of the push rod (28) penetrates through the floating disc (19) and then is connected with the first positioning block (29), a dovetail seat (30) used for driving the push rod (28) to move in the horizontal direction is arranged in the central hole (27), the end with the larger diameter of the dovetail seat (30) faces upwards, and the end part of the push rod (28) is in matched sliding connection with the side face of the dovetail seat (30); a first oil cylinder (31) for driving the dovetail seat to move up and down in the central hole is arranged at the bottom of the dovetail seat (30), and the first oil cylinder (31) is fixed below the floating disc (19) through an oil cylinder mounting plate (32).

3. The machine tool special for boring the rear axle housing is characterized in that the driving mechanism comprises a second oil cylinder (42) arranged in parallel to the sliding direction of the first sliding block, the second oil cylinder (42) is fixedly connected with a support (37) through a flange, a connecting plate (43) is arranged at the bottom of the first sliding block (38), the connecting plate (43) is sleeved on a piston rod (44) of the second oil cylinder (42), a limiting shaft shoulder (45) is arranged on one side, facing the second oil cylinder, of the connecting plate (43) of the piston rod (44), a rack shaft (46) is in threaded connection with the other side of the connecting plate of the piston rod (44), and the end part of the rack shaft (46) and the limiting shaft shoulder (45) clamp the connecting plate (43); be equipped with first transmission gear (47) between the bottom of second slider (39) and rack shaft (46), the teeth of a cogwheel meshing on first transmission gear (47) bottom and rack shaft (46), be equipped with first rack (48) in the bottom of second slider (39), first rack (48) are connected with the upper portion of first transmission gear (47), along with the removal of piston rod (44), drive first slider (38) and second slider (39) and move relatively or back and forth, carry out the clamp of rear-axle housing bridge pipe or unclamp.

4. A machine tool special for boring a rear axle housing as claimed in claim 1, wherein a gap adjusting mechanism is arranged between a sliding seat of the first sliding table (15) and the first sliding seat (16), the gap adjusting mechanism comprises a panel (54) and a panel adjusting block (55) which are arranged on the upper surface of the sliding seat of the first sliding table, an adjusting screw (56) and an adjusting pin (57) are arranged below the panel adjusting block (55), the adjusting screw (56) is fixed on the first sliding table along a direction perpendicular to the side surface of the first sliding table, the lower portion of the adjusting pin (57) is sleeved on the adjusting screw (56), the upper portion of the adjusting screw is inserted into the panel adjusting block (55), and adjusting nuts (58) used for driving the adjusting pin to move are arranged on two sides of the lower portion of the adjusting pin (57) of the adjusting screw (56).

5. A special boring machine for a rear axle housing as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pre-positioning mechanism for pre-positioning before clamping the rear axle housing is arranged between the centering and clamping mechanism (6) and the middle positioning mechanism (7), the pre-positioning mechanism comprises a bracket (59) and a second V-shaped plate (60), the second V-shaped plate (60) is opened upwards, and the bottom of the second V-shaped plate is fixedly connected with the first saddle (16) through the bracket (59).

6. The machine tool special for boring the rear axle housing is characterized in that a tool of the power head (5) is connected with a main shaft BT, a protective cover (8) which is fully closed in boring is arranged on the machine tool, and an oil mist collector (9) is arranged at the top of the protective cover (8); on one side of the machine tool, a pneumatic component (10), a lubricating component (11), a control component (12), a hydraulic component (13) and a cooling component (14) are also arranged for assisting the operation of the machine tool.

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