CN113455166A - Potato harvester for planting potatoes in winter in south - Google Patents
Potato harvester for planting potatoes in winter in south Download PDFInfo
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- CN113455166A CN113455166A CN202110938219.6A CN202110938219A CN113455166A CN 113455166 A CN113455166 A CN 113455166A CN 202110938219 A CN202110938219 A CN 202110938219A CN 113455166 A CN113455166 A CN 113455166A
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 title description 27
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010040925 Skin striae Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000032370 Secondary transmission Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010044565 Tremor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D17/00—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms
- A01D17/08—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms with shaker type screens
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
Abstract
本发明具体公开了一种南方冬种马铃薯收获机，包括机架、一级升运链机构、二级升运链机构、碎土辊机构、清杂机构、抖动筛机构和传动系统，机架包括对向设置的两根主梁，两根主梁前端之间设置有一级升运链机构，两根主梁后端之间设置有二级升运链机构，一级升运链机构上方设置有碎土辊机构，一级升运链机构与二级升运链机构之间设置有清杂机构，二级升运链机构后方设置有抖动筛机构，传动系统为一级升运链机构、二级升运链机构、碎土辊机构、清杂机构和抖动筛机构提供动力。本发明可在南方黏重土壤条件下完成冬种马铃薯收获作业，提高薯土分离效率，清除土壤中混杂的稻草和破碎地膜，降低人工作业劳动强度。
The invention specifically discloses a southern winter seed potato harvester, comprising a frame, a first-level elevator chain mechanism, a second-level elevator chain mechanism, a soil crushing roller mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a shaking screen mechanism and a transmission system. It includes two main beams arranged oppositely, a first-level lifting chain mechanism is arranged between the front ends of the two main beams, a second-level lifting chain mechanism is arranged between the rear ends of the two main beams, and a crusher is arranged above the first-level lifting chain mechanism. Soil roller mechanism, there is a cleaning mechanism between the primary lifting chain mechanism and the secondary lifting chain mechanism, and a shaking screen mechanism is arranged behind the secondary lifting chain mechanism, and the transmission system is the primary lifting chain mechanism, the secondary lifting chain mechanism Elevator chain mechanism, soil crushing roller mechanism, cleaning mechanism and shaking screen mechanism provide power. The invention can complete the winter potato harvesting operation under the condition of heavy clay soil in the south, improve the separation efficiency of potato soil, remove the mixed straw and broken plastic film in the soil, and reduce the labor intensity of manual operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural harvesting machinery, and particularly relates to a southern winter potato harvester.
Background
The potatoes are the fourth major food grain in the world, are widely planted in China with the advantages of good adaptability, rich nutrition, high economic benefit and the like, and are one of the food safety strategies promoted and implemented in China. The idle winter field in south China has large area and great potential for expanding the potatoes, and the idle winter paddy field in south China is used for planting the potatoes, so that the method has the advantages of improving the land utilization rate, not competing with other crops for land and the like, and is beneficial to the development of the potato industry.
The mechanized harvesting link is the biggest bottleneck restricting the popularization and the expansion of the potatoes planted in winter in the south. South rice fields are typical cohesive soil, winter potatoes are harvested in spring, rainwater is high, the field moisture content is high, soil is sticky, and the difficulty in potato-soil separation by machinery is high. In addition, when the potatoes are planted in winter in the south, planting technologies such as grass mulching and film mulching are adopted for overcoming the influence of low temperature in winter, and sundries such as straws, broken mulching films and the like are mixed in field soil during mechanical harvesting, so that the mechanical harvesting difficulty of the potatoes is further increased.
At present, existing potato harvesters are designed according to the conditions of sandy soil in the north, parts such as a shaking type lifting chain are mostly adopted as potato soil separation devices, the screening distance is short, when the potato harvesters are used for harvesting potatoes in the south winter, the shaking separation devices are not enough to break through the sticky soil structure, the problems of blockage, incomplete potato soil separation and the like exist, and meanwhile, the existing potato harvesters do not have the impurity removal functions of grass clearing, film clearing and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide a potato harvester which can realize effective separation of potato soil under the condition of southern sticky soil and has the function of impurity removal and is suitable for harvesting southern winter potatoes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a southern winter potato harvester which characterized in that: the device comprises a frame, a primary lifting chain mechanism, a secondary lifting chain mechanism, a soil crushing roller mechanism, an impurity removing mechanism, a shaking screen mechanism and a transmission system;
the frame comprises a first main beam and a second main beam which are oppositely arranged in the horizontal direction, the front ends of the first main beam and the second main beam are fixedly connected through a first cross beam and a second cross beam, a gear box mounting seat is fixed above the first cross beam and the second cross beam, auxiliary beams are correspondingly arranged below the first main beam and the second main beam, a first vertical beam, a second vertical beam, a third vertical beam, a fourth vertical beam, a fifth vertical beam and a sixth vertical beam which are oppositely arranged are sequentially and respectively fixedly connected from front to back between the first main beam and the second main beam, an excavating shovel is fixed below the first vertical beam, two second vertical beams are fixedly connected through a lower cross beam, at least two side plate mounting square tubes are fixedly connected to the middle upper portions of the first main beam and the second main beam, and two side plates which are oppositely arranged are fixedly mounted on the side plate mounting square tubes, a tensioning chain wheel mounting plate is further fixedly connected to the upper portion of the middle end of the first main beam, two track mounting square tubes are fixedly connected to the upper portion of the rear end of the first main beam, a travelling wheel mounting tube is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the middle end of the auxiliary beam, and a plurality of limiting holes are formed in the travelling wheel mounting tube;
the first-stage lifting chain mechanism is arranged between the front ends of the first main beam and the second main beam, the second-stage lifting chain mechanism is arranged between the rear ends of the first main beam and the second main beam, the soil crushing roller mechanism is arranged above the first-stage lifting chain mechanism, the impurity removing mechanism is arranged between the first-stage lifting chain mechanism and the second-stage lifting chain mechanism, the shaking screen mechanism is arranged behind the second-stage lifting chain mechanism, and the transmission system provides power for the first-stage lifting chain mechanism, the second-stage lifting chain mechanism, the soil crushing roller mechanism, the impurity removing mechanism and the shaking screen mechanism;
the hack roller mechanism includes the hack roller that the level set up, hack roller both ends rotate with the hack roller support arm respectively and are connected, the hack roller support arm with correspond the second is erect the roof beam and is rotated and connect, first girder with second girder below is all fixed and is equipped with the spring mounting screw rod, the hack roller support arm is connected with the spring mounting screw rod that corresponds through floating spring, floating spring one end and hack roller support arm fixed connection, other pot head are in on the spring mounting screw rod, be equipped with adjusting nut on the spring mounting screw rod, adjusting nut is adjustable floating spring's pretightning force, be fixed with the hack part in the middle of the hack roller.
Further, the soil crushing part comprises a circular tooth type soil crushing part, a convex edge type soil crushing part and a shallow grain type soil crushing part; the soil crushing component comprises a roller core which is coaxial with the roller shaft of the soil crushing roller, the circular tooth type soil crushing component comprises at least two rows of roller teeth which are arranged on the roller core in a staggered mode at equal intervals, and flexible rubber sleeves are sleeved on the roller teeth; the rib type soil crushing part comprises at least two ribs which are circumferentially arranged on the roller core; the shallow-grain soil crushing part comprises two groups of concave or convex shallow grains which are arranged on the roller core in the circumferential direction in an equidistant and reverse mode.
Furthermore, the primary lifting chain mechanism comprises a first driving wheel assembly, a first driven wheel assembly, a first chain lever mechanism and a shaking wheel mechanism; the first driving wheel assembly comprises a driving wheel shaft which is horizontally arranged, two ends of the driving wheel shaft are respectively in rotating connection with the first main beam and the second main beam through bearing seats, and two driving chain wheels are fixedly mounted at two ends of the driving wheel shaft; the first driven wheel assembly comprises a driven wheel shaft which is horizontally arranged, the driven wheel shaft is rotatably connected with the excavating shovel through a bearing seat, and two driven chain wheels are fixedly mounted at two ends of the driven wheel shaft; the first chain rod mechanism comprises two auxiliary belt mounting plate chains connected between a driving chain wheel and a driven chain wheel, and a plurality of chain rods are parallelly and equidistantly arranged between the two auxiliary belt mounting plate chains; the shaking wheel mechanism comprises a shaking wheel mounting seat fixed on the lower cross beam, the shaking wheel mounting seat is connected with the shaking wheel in a rotating mode, the shaking wheel is provided with a concave-convex fluctuating outline, and the shaking wheel is arranged inside the chain rod mechanism and is in contact with the chain rod.
Further, the secondary lifting chain mechanism comprises a second driving wheel assembly, a second driven wheel assembly and a second chain rod mechanism; the second driving wheel assembly is respectively connected with the first main beam and the second main beam in a rotating mode through bearing seats, and the second driven wheel assembly is connected with the fifth vertical beam in a rotating mode.
Furthermore, the impurity removing mechanism comprises a horizontally arranged rubber roller which is rotatably connected with the third vertical beam, at least two rubber convex edges which are spirally arranged are arranged on the surface of the rubber roller, the impurity removing mechanism further comprises a horizontally arranged smooth roller which is rotatably connected with the fourth vertical beam, the smooth roller is in close contact with the rubber roller and relatively rotates, the impurity removing mechanism further comprises flexible rods which are arranged above the rubber roller and the smooth roller, the flexible rods are transversely and fixedly arranged on flexible rod mounting shafts at equal intervals, two ends of each flexible rod mounting shaft are respectively in rotation limit connection with a rod shaft mounting seat, and the rod shaft mounting seat is fixedly connected with a square tube corresponding to the side plate mounting seat.
Further, tremble sieve mechanism include with the crank sprocket of connecting is rotated to first girder below, the eccentric crank semi-axis that is fixed with on the crank sprocket, the crank semi-axis rotates with the connecting rod to be connected, the connecting rod is being kept away from crank semi-axis one end and is being fixed with the connecting rod semi-axis, the connecting rod semi-axis rotates with the slider to be connected, the slider constitutes the sliding pair with the track, the installation of track symmetry is fixed track installation side pipe inboard, the slider rotates with screen frame connecting rod upper end to be connected, screen frame connecting rod lower extreme rotates with transverse arrangement's screen frame to be connected, the screen frame is kept away from slider one side below rotates with the screen frame mounting panel to be connected, the screen frame mounting panel is fixed the slider offside on the auxiliary beam.
Further, the transmission system is located at the front end and two sides of the potato harvester and comprises a power input gear box, a transmission shaft is arranged on one side of the power input gear box, a driving belt pulley is coaxially arranged at one end, far away from the power input gear box, of the transmission shaft, the driving belt pulley is connected with a driven belt pulley through a total transmission belt, the driven belt pulley is arranged on the driving wheel shaft in the primary lifting chain mechanism, a primary lifting chain driving sprocket is arranged on the opposite side of the driven belt pulley, the primary lifting chain driving sprocket is connected with a rubber roller driving sprocket, a steering double sprocket, a tension sprocket and a secondary lifting chain driving double sprocket through a first chain, the rubber roller driving sprocket is coaxially and fixedly installed with the rubber roller, the steering double sprocket is rotationally connected with the first main beam, and the tension sprocket is rotationally connected with the tension pulley installation plate, the second grade lift chain drive double sprocket with the coaxial fixed mounting of drive wheel shaft in the second grade lift chain mechanism, turn to double sprocket and still be connected with smooth roller drive sprocket through the second chain, the smooth roller drive sprocket outside is coaxial to be provided with second grade drive belt pulley, second grade drive belt pulley passes through second grade driving belt and is connected with second grade driven pulley, the inboard coaxial hack roller drive sprocket that is provided with of second grade driven pulley, hack roller drive sprocket passes through the third chain and is connected with hack roller driven sprocket, hack roller driven sprocket with the coaxial fixed mounting of hack roller axle, second grade lift chain drive double sprocket still with in shaking sieve mechanism crank sprocket passes through the fourth chain and connects.
Furthermore, the potato harvester also comprises hanging traveling devices, the hanging traveling devices are positioned in front of and at the bottom of the potato harvester and comprise upper hanging plate mounting seats, the two upper hanging plate mounting seats are symmetrically and fixedly mounted in the middle of the first cross beam at certain intervals, upper hanging plates are fixedly mounted on the two upper hanging plate mounting seats respectively, pull rods are connected behind the two upper hanging plates respectively, and the two pull rods are fixedly connected with the first main beam and the second main beam through pull rod mounting seats respectively; hang running gear still including fixed the setting and be in two lower hitching supports of first crossbeam below, two are hitched support the place ahead respectively the symmetry and are installed lower hitch plate down, hang running gear still includes the walking wheel, the walking wheel is installed on the walking wheel installation pipe, through the cooperation the walking wheel is installed and is managed and go up different spacing hole regulation the walking wheel height.
The beneficial effects of this technical scheme lie in: a potato harvester is provided when potatoes are harvested in the south winter, a digging shovel is used for digging out a mixture of the potatoes and soil, a soil crushing mechanism is used for striking and extruding crushed soil, the potatoes and the soil are screened through a first-stage lifting chain mechanism, a second-stage lifting chain mechanism and a shaking screen mechanism, the potatoes are guided to one side of the machine, the potatoes and the soil can be effectively separated under the conditions of high viscosity and high humidity of a paddy field in the south by multi-stage crushing and screening, and sundries such as straws, crushed mulching films and the like mixed in the soil can be removed by a sundry removing mechanism.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a southern winter potato harvester of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a southern winter potato harvester of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the circular tooth type soil breaking member in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the ribbed soil breaking member of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the shallow-grained soil breaking component in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numbers in the drawings of the specification:
1 is a first main beam, 2 is a first cross beam, 3 is a second cross beam, 4 is a gear box mounting seat, 5 is an auxiliary beam, 6 is a first vertical beam, 7 is a second vertical beam, 8 is a third vertical beam, 9 is a fourth vertical beam, 10 is a fifth vertical beam, 11 is a sixth vertical beam, 12 is a digging shovel, 13 is a lower cross beam, 14 is a side plate mounting square tube, 15 is a side plate, 16 is a tensioning chain wheel mounting plate, 17 is a track mounting square tube, 18 is a walking wheel mounting tube, 19 is a limiting hole, 20 is a driving wheel shaft, 21 is a driving chain wheel, 22 is a driven wheel shaft, 23 is a driven chain wheel, 24 is a chain mounting plate chain, 25 is a chain rod, 26 is a shaking wheel mounting seat, 27 is a shaking wheel, 28 is a soil crushing roller roll shaft, 29 is a soil crushing roller supporting arm, 30 is a floating spring, 31 is a spring mounting screw, 32 is an adjusting nut, 33 is a roll core, 34 is a roll tooth, 35 is a flexible rubber sleeve, 36 is a rib, 37 is a shallow grain, 38 is a rubber roller, 39 is a rubber rib, 40 is a smooth roller, 41 is a flexible rod, 42 is a flexible rod mounting shaft, 43 is a rod shaft mounting seat, 44 is a crank sprocket, 45 is a crank half shaft, 46 is a connecting rod, 47 is a connecting rod half shaft, 48 is a sliding block, 49 is a track, 50 is a sieve body connecting rod, 51 is a sieve body, 52 is a sieve body mounting plate, 53 is a power input gear box, 54 is a transmission shaft, 55 is a driving pulley, 56 is a total transmission belt, 57 is a driven pulley, 58 is a primary lifting chain driving sprocket, 59 is a rubber roller driving sprocket, 60 is a steering double-row sprocket, 61 is a tensioning sprocket, 62 is a secondary lifting chain driving double-row sprocket, 63 is a first chain, 64 is a second chain, 65 is a smooth roller driving sprocket, 66 is a secondary driving pulley, 67 is a secondary transmission belt, 68 is a secondary driven pulley, 69 is a soil crushing roller driving sprocket, 70 is a third chain, a fourth chain is a fourth chain, a fourth chain is a fourth chain, a fourth chain is a fourth chain, a fourth chain is a fourth chain, a fourth chain is shown, a fourth chain is shown in a fourth chain is shown, a fourth chain shown in the fifth chain shown in a fourth chain shown in the fifth chain shown in the fourth, 71 is a driven chain wheel of the soil crushing roller, 72 is a fourth chain, 73 is an upper hanging plate mounting seat, 74 is an upper hanging plate, 75 is a pull rod, 76 is a pull rod mounting seat, 77 is a lower hanging bracket, 78 is a lower hanging plate, 79 is a traveling wheel, and 80 is a second main beam.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiments are substantially as shown in figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings: a potato harvester for south winter planting comprises a frame, a primary lifting chain mechanism, a secondary lifting chain mechanism, a soil crushing roller mechanism, a impurity removing mechanism, a shaking screen mechanism and a transmission system; the frame comprises a first main beam 1 and a second main beam 80 which are oppositely arranged in the horizontal direction, the front ends of the first main beam 1 and the second main beam 80 are fixedly connected through a first cross beam 2 and a second cross beam 3, a gear box mounting seat 4 is fixed above the first cross beam 2 and the second cross beam 3, auxiliary beams 5 are correspondingly arranged below the first main beam 1 and the second main beam 80, the first main beam 1 and the second main beam 80 and the corresponding auxiliary beams 5 are respectively and sequentially and oppositely arranged through a first vertical beam 6, a second vertical beam 7, a third vertical beam 8, a fourth vertical beam 9, a fifth vertical beam 10 and a sixth vertical beam 11, an excavating shovel 12 is fixed below the first vertical beam 6, the two second vertical beams 7 are fixedly connected through a lower cross beam 13, at least two side plate mounting square tubes 14 are respectively connected and fixed at the upper parts of the middle ends of the first main beam 1 and the second main beam 80, two side plates 15 which are oppositely arranged are mounted and fixed on the side plate mounting square tubes 14, a tensioning chain wheel mounting plate 16 is further fixedly connected to the upper portion of the middle end of the first main beam 1, two track mounting square tubes 17 are fixedly connected to the upper portion of the rear end of the first main beam 1, a walking wheel mounting tube 18 is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the middle end of the auxiliary beam 5, and a plurality of limiting holes 19 are formed in the walking wheel mounting tube 18; a first-stage lifting chain mechanism is arranged between the front ends of the first main beam 1 and the second main beam 80, a second-stage lifting chain mechanism is arranged between the rear ends of the first main beam 1 and the second main beam 80, a soil crushing roller mechanism is arranged above the first-stage lifting chain mechanism, an impurity removing mechanism is arranged between the first-stage lifting chain mechanism and the second-stage lifting chain mechanism, a shaking screen mechanism is arranged behind the second-stage lifting chain mechanism, and a transmission system provides power for the first-stage lifting chain mechanism, the second-stage lifting chain mechanism, the soil crushing roller mechanism, the impurity removing mechanism and the shaking screen mechanism.
Hack roller mechanism includes the hack roller 28 that the level set up, hack roller 28 both ends rotate with hack roller support arm 29 respectively and are connected, hack roller support arm 29 is erected roof beam 7 with the second that corresponds and is rotated and is connected, first girder 1 and second girder 80 below are all fixed and are equipped with spring mounting screw 31, hack roller support arm 29 is connected with the spring mounting screw 31 that corresponds through floating spring 30, 30 one end of floating spring and 29 fixed connection of hack roller support arm, another pot head is on spring mounting screw 31, be equipped with adjusting nut 32 on the spring mounting screw 31, the pretightning force of the adjustable floating spring 30 of adjusting nut 32, be fixed with the hack part in the middle of hack roller 28. When the potato soil mixture passes through the first-level lifting chain mechanism, the rotating soil crushing roller mechanism has the functions of beating and extruding soil through the soil crushing part, and as the soil crushing roller supporting arm 29 is rotationally connected with the second vertical beam 7, when too much material is arranged below, the soil crushing roller mechanism can float up and down to prevent blockage. According to different soil physical properties, the pretightening force of the floating spring 30 can be adjusted through the adjusting nut 32, the acting force of the soil crushing roller mechanism on the soil is changed, the applicability of the machine is improved, and the soil crushing roller mechanism is favorable for effectively screening the potato-soil mixture by the primary lifting chain mechanism and the secondary lifting chain mechanism.
The invention can harvest and separate potato soil of south winter potatoes under the condition of sticky soil of a south paddy field, a potato harvester is connected to a power machine, the power machine provides power for the potato harvester and drags the south winter potato harvester to move forwards, a digging shovel digs up a mixture of potatoes and soil in the moving process, the digged-up mixture of potatoes and soil is beaten and extruded by a soil crushing roller mechanism to be crushed, the effective separation of potato soil is realized by a primary lifting chain mechanism, a secondary lifting chain mechanism and a shaking screen mechanism which rotate and vibrate, clean potatoes are guided to one side of the machine, and straws and crushed mulching films mixed in soil can be removed by an impurity removing mechanism in the conveying and separating process.
In this embodiment, the soil breaking parts include a circular tooth type soil breaking part, a convex edge type soil breaking part and a shallow grain type soil breaking part; the soil crushing component comprises a roller core 33 which is coaxial with the roller shaft 28 of the soil crushing roller, the circular tooth type soil crushing component comprises at least two rows of roller teeth 34 which are arranged on the roller core 33 in a staggered mode at equal intervals, and flexible rubber sleeves 35 are sleeved on the roller teeth 34; the rib type soil breaking component comprises at least two ribs 36 arranged on the roller core 33 in the circumferential direction; the shallow grained soil breaking elements comprise two sets of concave or convex shallow grains 37 arranged circumferentially in equal and opposite directions on the roll core 33. The soil breaking component is a key component directly acting on soil and comprises a circular tooth type, a rib type and a shallow stripe type, the soil breaking component is mounted according to the quantity of straw, residual broken mulching films and other sundries in the soil during potato harvesting, the rib type or the shallow stripe type is selected as far as possible when the sundries are more, grass winding is avoided, the circular tooth type is selected when the sundries are less and the soil is more viscous, and the application range of the machine can be effectively expanded by the soil breaking components of different types.
In this embodiment, the primary lifting chain mechanism includes a first drive wheel assembly, a first driven wheel assembly, a first chain lever mechanism, and a trembler mechanism; the first driving wheel assembly comprises a driving wheel shaft 20 which is horizontally arranged, two ends of the driving wheel shaft 20 are respectively and rotatably connected with the first main beam 1 and the second main beam 80 through bearing seats, and two driving chain wheels 21 are fixedly arranged at two ends of the driving wheel shaft 20; the first driven wheel assembly comprises a driven wheel shaft 22 which is horizontally arranged, the driven wheel shaft 22 is rotatably connected with the excavating shovel 12 through a bearing seat, and two driven chain wheels 23 are fixedly mounted at two ends of the driven wheel shaft 22; the first chain rod mechanism comprises two auxiliary belt mounting plate chains 24 connected between the driving chain wheel 21 and the driven chain wheel 23, and a plurality of chain rods 25 are parallelly and equidistantly arranged between the two auxiliary belt mounting plate chains 24; the shaking wheel mechanism comprises a shaking wheel mounting seat 26 fixed on the lower cross beam 13, the shaking wheel mounting seat 26 is rotatably connected with a shaking wheel 27, the shaking wheel 27 has a concave-convex fluctuating outline, and the shaking wheel 27 is arranged in the chain rod mechanism and is contacted with the chain rod 25. Digging shovel 12 digs the potato and soil mixture, and the leading-in is on one-level lift chain mechanism, and one-level lift chain mechanism carries potato soil mixture backward to clear miscellaneous mechanism and second grade lift chain, and the wheel 27 that shakes simultaneously rotates along with one-level lift chain mechanism, and its profile shape of unsmooth undulation makes the chain pole 25 of going up on one-level lift chain mechanism shake from top to bottom to make the aperture between chain pole 25 leak down for the piece soil, the one-level lift chain mechanism operation in-process has played and has carried and sieve two effects, can realize the primary separation of potato and soil.
In this embodiment, the secondary lifting chain mechanism includes a second drive wheel assembly, a second driven wheel assembly, and a second chain bar mechanism; the second driving wheel assembly is respectively connected with the first main beam 1 and the second main beam 80 through bearing seats in a rotating mode, and the second driven wheel assembly is connected with the fifth vertical beam 10 in a rotating mode. The second-level lifting chain mechanism is similar to the first-level lifting chain mechanism in operation process and plays a role in conveying and screening the potato-soil mixture backwards.
In this embodiment, the impurity removing mechanism includes a horizontally arranged rubber roller 38 rotatably connected to the third vertical beam 8, the surface of the rubber roller 38 is provided with at least two rubber ribs 39 arranged spirally, the impurity removing mechanism further includes a horizontally arranged smooth roller 40 rotatably connected to the fourth vertical beam 9, the smooth roller 40 is in close contact with the rubber roller 38 and rotates relatively, the impurity removing mechanism further includes a flexible rod 41 disposed above the rubber roller 38 and the smooth roller 40, the flexible rod 41 is transversely and equidistantly fixedly mounted on a flexible rod mounting shaft 42, two ends of the flexible rod mounting shaft 42 are respectively in rotation limit connection with a rod shaft mounting seat 43, and the rod shaft mounting seat 43 is fixedly connected to the corresponding side plate mounting square tube 14. When the potato soil mixture primarily screened by the primary lifting chain mechanism passes through the impurity removing mechanism, flexible impurities such as straws, broken mulching films and the like in the mixture are hung by the flexible rods 41, potatoes and residual soil are continuously conveyed backwards through gaps among the flexible rods 41, the rubber roller 38 and the smooth roller 40 are in close contact and relatively rotate, the impurities hung by the flexible rods 41 are clamped by the two rollers and pulled downwards to be removed, the flexible rod mounting shaft 42 is in rotary limit connection with the rod shaft mounting seat 43, and the angle of the flexible rods 41 relative to the conveying direction can be adjusted according to actual operation requirements.
In this embodiment, the shaking screen mechanism includes a crank sprocket 44 rotatably connected with the lower part of the first main beam 1, a crank semi-axis 45 is eccentrically fixed on the crank sprocket 44, the crank semi-axis 45 is rotatably connected with a connecting rod 46, the connecting rod 46 is fixed with a connecting rod semi-axis 47 at one end far away from the crank semi-axis, the connecting rod semi-axis 47 is rotatably connected with a slider 48, the slider 48 and a track 49 form a moving pair, the track 49 is symmetrically installed and fixed on the inner side of the track installation square pipe 17, the slider 48 is rotatably connected with the upper end of a screen body connecting rod 50, the lower end of the screen body connecting rod 50 is rotatably connected with a screen body 51 arranged transversely, the screen body 51 is far away from the lower part of one side of the slider 48 and rotatably connected with a screen body installation plate 52, and the screen body installation plate 52 is fixed on the auxiliary beam 5 on the opposite side of the slider 48. When the shaking screen mechanism works, the crank chain wheel 44 rotates to drive the sliding block 48 to slide up and down through the chain rod 46, the sliding block 48 drives the screen body 51 to shake up and down close to one end of the sliding block 48 through the screen body connecting rod 50, a potato soil mixture enters the shaking screen mechanism after being screened by the second-level lifting chain mechanism, third screening of potatoes and soil is achieved, and meanwhile the screen body 51 which is transversely arranged in an inclined mode guides the potatoes which are finally screened to one side of the machine.
In the embodiment, the transmission system is located at the front end and two sides of the potato harvester and comprises a power input gear box 53, one side of the power input gear box 53 is provided with a transmission shaft 54, one end of the transmission shaft 54 far away from the power input gear box 53 is coaxially provided with a driving belt pulley 55, the driving belt pulley 55 is connected with a driven belt pulley 57 through a main transmission belt 56, the driven belt pulley 57 is arranged on a driving wheel shaft 20 in a primary lifting chain mechanism, the opposite side of the driven belt pulley 57 is provided with a primary lifting chain driving sprocket 58, the primary lifting chain driving sprocket 58 is connected with a rubber roller driving sprocket 59, a steering double-row sprocket 60, a tension sprocket 61 and a secondary lifting chain driving double-row sprocket 62 through a first chain 63, the rubber roller driving sprocket 59 is coaxially and fixedly installed with a rubber roller 38, the steering double-row sprocket 60 is rotatably connected with a first main beam 1, the tension sprocket 61 is rotatably connected with a tension pulley installation plate 16, the second-stage lifting chain driving double-row chain wheel 62 is coaxially and fixedly installed with a driving wheel shaft in the second-stage lifting chain mechanism, the steering double-row chain wheel 60 is further connected with a smooth roller driving chain wheel 65 through a second chain 64, a second-stage driving belt pulley 66 is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the smooth roller driving chain wheel 65, the second-stage driving belt pulley 66 is connected with a second-stage driven belt pulley 68 through a second-stage driving belt 67, a soil crushing roller driving chain wheel 69 is coaxially arranged on the inner side of the second-stage driven belt pulley 68, the soil crushing roller driving chain wheel 69 is connected with a soil crushing roller driven chain wheel 71 through a third chain 70, the soil crushing roller driven chain wheel 71 is coaxially and fixedly installed with a soil crushing roller shaft 28, and the second-stage lifting chain driving double-row chain wheel 62 is further connected with a crank chain wheel 44 in the shaking screen mechanism through a fourth chain 72. External power is input into a transmission system through a power input gear box 53, is transmitted to a primary lifting chain driving sprocket 58 through a transmission shaft 54, a driving pulley 55, a main transmission belt 56 and a driven pulley 57 in sequence, is transmitted to the rubber roller 38 through a rubber roller driving sprocket 59 by a first chain 63, when the power is transmitted to the second-stage lifting chain mechanism through the second-stage lifting chain driving chain wheel 62 and the first chain 63 is hung, the double-row steering chain wheel 60 is reversely hung, the rotating direction is changed, the power after the reverse rotation is transmitted to the smooth roller 40 through the second chain 64 and the smooth roller driving chain wheel 65, the power is transmitted to the soil crushing roller mechanism through a secondary driving belt pulley 66, a secondary transmission belt 67, a secondary driven belt pulley 68, a soil crushing roller driving chain wheel 69, a third chain 70 and a soil crushing roller driven chain wheel 71, at the same time, the secondary lift chain drives the duplex sprocket 62 and the fourth chain 72 to transfer power to the crank sprocket 44 in the shaker mechanism.
In the embodiment, the potato harvester further comprises a hanging and traveling device, the hanging and traveling device is positioned in front of and at the bottom of the potato harvester and comprises upper hanging plate installation seats 73, the two upper hanging plate installation seats 73 are symmetrically and fixedly installed in the middle of the first cross beam 2 at certain intervals, the upper hanging plates 74 are fixedly installed on the two upper hanging plate installation seats 73 respectively, pull rods 75 are connected behind the two upper hanging plates 74 respectively, and the two pull rods are fixedly connected with the first main beam 1 and the second main beam 80 through the pull rod installation seats 76 respectively; the suspension walking device further comprises two lower hanging brackets 77 fixedly arranged below the first cross beam 2, the two lower hanging brackets 77 are symmetrically provided with lower hanging plates 78 in front respectively, the suspension walking device further comprises walking wheels 79, the walking wheels 79 are arranged on the walking wheel mounting pipe 18, and the heights of the walking wheels 79 are adjusted through matching different limiting holes 19 on the walking wheel mounting pipe 18. The hanging walking device can be hung with the power machine and assists in walking when the potato harvester works, and the digging depth and the horizontal conveying angle of the machine can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the walking wheel 79.
The invention provides a potato harvester for south winter planting, which is characterized in that a mixture of potatoes and soil is dug out by a digging shovel, the soil is beaten and extruded by a soil crushing mechanism to crush the soil, the potatoes and the soil are screened by a first-stage lifting chain mechanism, a second-stage lifting chain mechanism and a shaking screen mechanism, the potatoes are guided to one side of the machine, the potatoes and the soil can be effectively separated under the conditions of high viscosity and high humidity of a paddy field in the south by multi-stage crushing and screening, and meanwhile, impurities such as straws, crushed mulching films and the like mixed in the soil can be removed by an impurity removing mechanism.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (8)
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| CN202110938219.6A CN113455166B (en) | 2021-08-16 | 2021-08-16 | A southern winter potato harvester |
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| CN202110938219.6A CN113455166B (en) | 2021-08-16 | 2021-08-16 | A southern winter potato harvester |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114616970A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-06-14 | 徐州市农业农村综合服务中心 | Device and method for harvesting and crushing soil for rhizome crops |
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| CN113455166B (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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