CN113437522A - Miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna with reflecting surface structure - Google Patents
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 19
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna with a reflecting surface structure, which comprises a dielectric plate, a radiator printed on the dielectric plate, a metal floor, a feed structure and a reflecting plate, wherein the radiator is arranged on the dielectric plate; wherein: the radiator is a crescent gap structure arranged on the metal floor, and the slotting method of the crescent gap structure comprises the following steps: utilizing two circles with different radiuses to be staggered, wherein the central points of the two circles are not overlapped, and slotting the staggered part on the metal floor; the partial position of the crescent gap structure is subjected to partition treatment, and the gap communication state is changed; the feed structure adopts a stepped broadband microstrip line feed structure, the top of the feed structure is provided with a reflecting plate, and the reflecting plate is coupled with the crescent slot structure of the radiator at the top of the feed structure, so that the broadband radiation characteristic of the slot antenna is realized. The invention can realize wide bandwidth, including axial ratio bandwidth and impedance bandwidth, and single-side radiation, and has wide application range; has the characteristics of miniaturization and simple structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic compatibility and antennas, in particular to a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna with a reflecting surface structure.
Background
The circularly polarized antenna, especially the microstrip structure, has the advantages of small volume, light weight, easy conformal and the like, and is widely applied to a plurality of military and civil fields such as satellite communication, command control, electronic countermeasure, missile remote sensing and remote measuring, satellite navigation and the like. But the disadvantage of narrow relative bandwidth is increased, so that the wide application of the method is limited. Common modes for expanding the bandwidth of the circularly polarized antenna mainly include antenna feed by adopting slotted coupling, application of a novel base material, addition of a parasitic element and the like, and the methods can greatly increase the relative bandwidth of the antenna; or the structures such as a multilayer antenna structure, a slot loop design, an increased feed port and the like are utilized, so that the broadband circularly polarized antenna has a certain effect, the complexity of the design is increased, and the bandwidth improvement is limited.
On the other hand, the slot antenna has attracted much attention for easily obtaining a wide frequency band, and is introduced into the field of circular polarization design. The antenna breaks the balance of the antenna, introduces asymmetric geometric disturbance into an irregular gap to form two degenerated modes with orthogonal polarization, introduces 90-degree phase difference to realize circular polarization, and can obtain higher axial ratio bandwidth. Meanwhile, the circularly polarized slot antenna has relatively low requirements on processing precision, so that the circularly polarized slot antenna is widely concerned by researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna with a reflecting surface structure aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna with a reflecting surface structure, which comprises a dielectric plate, a radiator printed on the dielectric plate, a metal floor and a feed structure, wherein the radiator is arranged on the dielectric plate; wherein:
the radiator is a crescent gap structure arranged on the metal floor, and the slotting method of the crescent gap structure comprises the following steps: utilizing two circles with different radiuses to be staggered, wherein the central points of the two circles are not overlapped, and slotting the staggered part on the metal floor; the partial position of the crescent gap structure is subjected to partition treatment, and the gap communication state is changed;
the feed structure adopts a stepped broadband microstrip line feed structure, the top of the feed structure is provided with a reflecting plate, and the reflecting plate is coupled with the crescent slot structure of the radiator at the top of the feed structure, so that the broadband radiation characteristic of the slot antenna is realized.
Furthermore, one side of the feed structure of the invention is also provided with a reflection panel for reflecting the electromagnetic wave at one side of the reflection panel and changing the bidirectional radiation characteristic into the unidirectional radiation characteristic
Furthermore, the reflecting panel is also provided with a medium screw, and the metal floor and the reflecting panel are connected and supported through the medium screw.
Furthermore, a square gap is arranged below the radiator of the crescent gap structure.
Furthermore, the dielectric plate of the invention has the thickness of 0.8mm and the dielectric constant of epsilonr＝3.65。
Furthermore, in the antenna of the present invention, by adjusting the parameter semilunar gap structure, the preset phase distribution of the surface current of the metal floor is reasonably designed, so as to realize the broadband circular polarization characteristic, and realize the broadband axial ratio bandwidth capable of covering C and X bands, the specific design method is as follows:
firstly, the symmetrical structure of the surface current of the metal floor is changed by adjusting the parameters of the crescent-shaped gap structure, so that the horizontal polarization component of the antenna is increased; secondly, adjusting parameters of a feed structure, particularly the intersection of the top end of the feed structure and the crescent-shaped gap structure, and improving impedance matching on the basis of increasing gap coupling; then, the current distribution on the surface of the metal floor is further improved by adjusting the size of the rectangular gap under the crescent gap structure, so that the circular polarization of the radiation structure is realized; and finally, realizing the unidirectional radiation of the whole antenna structure by adjusting the heights of the reflecting floor and the radiating body.
Further, in the antenna of the present invention, the two circle radii, the circle center point position, and the partition position are optimized, and the optimization method specifically includes:
the radius of the two circles is larger than 5 mm; meanwhile, the central points of the two circles cannot be superposed, the center of the small circle is lower than that of the large circle, the upper half part of the formed half-moon-shaped gap is wider, the lower half part of the formed half-moon-shaped gap is narrower, the coupling degree is increased in the actual feeding process, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be increased; the isolation position and the opposite side of the feed structure are arranged, so that the antenna current distribution of the metal floor is improved.
Further, the optimal optimized size of the antenna of the present invention is:
L＝62mm，W＝46mm，R1＝19mm，R2＝12.2mm,D＝1.1mm，l1＝3.9mm，l2＝0.5mm，l3＝28.8mm，w1＝0.9mm，w2＝8.2mm，w3＝27.6mm，d1＝14.3mm，lc＝10mm，wc＝5.3mm，H＝36mm；
l represents the width of the reflector, W represents the width of the metal plate, R1, R2 and D respectively represent the radius of a large circle, the radius of a small circle and the distance between the centers of the large circle and the small circle which form a crescent slot, L1, L2, L3, W1, W2 and W3 respectively represent the length and the width of a three-step rectangle which forms the feed of the antenna, D1 represents the offset distance of the feed structure from the left end of the whole antenna, lc and wc respectively represent the length and the width of a rectangular opening under the crescent slot, and H represents the distance between the radiator and the reflector.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna with the reflecting surface structure realizes radiation by using a crescent gap formed by interleaving two semicircles with different radiuses and feeds by using a stepped microstrip, has a compact structure and simple thought, realizes good impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth, comprises the axial ratio bandwidth and the impedance bandwidth, has single-sided radiation, and has a wider application range; meanwhile, a reflection back plate is introduced to one side of the radiation structure, so that the radiation of the radiation structure on one side is weakened, and the single-sided radiation and high gain of the antenna are realized.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an antenna reflection coefficient of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an antenna simulation axial ratio of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an antenna simulation gain for an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows simulated normalized circularly polarized patterns at 6GHz, 7GHz, 8GHz, and 9GHz for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, (a)6GHz, (b)7GHz, (c)8GHz, and (d)9 GHz.
In the figure: 1-radiator, 2-metal floor, 3-feed structure, 4-reflector, 5-reflector panel, 6-dielectric screw.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the miniaturized wideband circularly polarized antenna with a reflecting surface structure according to the embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the antenna includes a dielectric plate, and a radiator, a metal floor, and a feed structure printed on the dielectric plate; wherein:
the radiator is a crescent gap structure arranged on the metal floor, and the slotting method of the crescent gap structure comprises the following steps: utilizing two circles with different radiuses to be staggered, wherein the central points of the two circles are not overlapped, and slotting the staggered part on the metal floor; the partial position of the crescent gap structure is subjected to partition treatment, and the gap communication state is changed; thus, asymmetric geometric disturbance is introduced by utilizing the irregularity of the gap to form two degenerated modes with orthogonal polarization, and the circular polarization radiation characteristic is formed. Wherein, the radiuses of the two circles, the positions of the centers of the circles and the positions of the partitions are required to be optimized.
The feed structure adopts a stepped broadband microstrip line feed structure, the top of the feed structure is provided with a reflecting plate, aiming at the characteristic that the characteristic impedance of the reflecting plate is sensitive along with the frequency change, the stepped microstrip structure is adopted to expand the impedance bandwidth and realize impedance matching, and the broadband radiation characteristic of the slot antenna is realized by utilizing the coupling of the reflecting plate and the slot at the top of the feed reflecting plate.
And a reflecting panel is further arranged on one side of the feed structure and used for reflecting the electromagnetic waves on one side of the reflecting panel, a dielectric screw is further arranged on the reflecting panel for changing the bidirectional radiation characteristic into the unidirectional radiation characteristic, and the metal floor and the reflecting panel are connected and supported through the dielectric screw.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the geometry of a miniaturized circularly polarized antenna with a reflector structure is shown in fig. 1 and 2. It is composed of radiator, metal floor and feed network, and its antenna is printed on the surface of 0.8mm in thickness and its dielectric constant is epsilonr3.65. The antenna is composed of a floor with a slot structure and an antenna feed network of a step-shaped microstrip line, the floor and the antenna feed network are respectively arranged on two sides of a dielectric plate of the antenna structure, a reflecting metal plate is additionally arranged on one side of the feed structure, and the radiation structure and the reflecting plate are connected and supported by a dielectric screw. The design of the gap structure is formed by two circles with different radiuses in a staggered mode, a gap is formed in the metal floor, and the central points of the two circles do not coincide; the square gap below the circular ring slit is a gap structure which is increased according to the design at the later stage of the design; the stepped microstrip line feed structure realizes gap coupling feed to the floor at the other side of the dielectric slab, and realizes broadband of impedance bandwidth. The broadband of circular polarization is realized by shifting the feed structure from the central position and introducing asymmetry of floor coupling to change the current distribution of the floor; on the other hand, according to the particularity of the floor slot, the horizontal distribution of the floor current is further increased, so that two 90-degree phase differences of orthogonal polarization are introduced, and the circular polarization radiation characteristic is formed. The reflective metal plate is used for reflectingThe radiation of the radiation antenna on the back side, the size and the position of the radiation antenna can be flexibly adjusted and optimized according to the actual antenna use condition.
Through adjusting parameter semilunar gap structure, the predetermined phase place distribution of metal floor surface current is obtained in rational design, and then realizes wide band circular polarization characteristic, realizes the wide band axial ratio bandwidth that can cover C and X wave band, and its specific design method is:
firstly, the symmetrical structure of the surface current of the metal floor is changed by adjusting the parameters of the crescent-shaped gap structure, so that the horizontal polarization component of the antenna is increased; secondly, adjusting parameters of a feed structure, particularly the intersection of the top end of the feed structure and the crescent-shaped gap structure, and improving impedance matching on the basis of increasing gap coupling; then, the current distribution on the surface of the metal floor is further improved by adjusting the size of the rectangular gap under the crescent gap structure, so that the circular polarization of the radiation structure is realized; and finally, realizing the unidirectional radiation of the whole antenna structure by adjusting the heights of the reflecting floor and the radiating body.
Optimizing the radius of the two circles, the position of the center point of the circle and the position of the partition, wherein the optimizing method specifically comprises the following steps:
the radius of the two circles is larger than 5 mm; meanwhile, the central points of the two circles cannot be superposed, the center of the small circle is lower than that of the large circle, the upper half part of the formed half-moon-shaped gap is wider, the lower half part of the formed half-moon-shaped gap is narrower, the coupling degree is increased in the actual feeding process, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be increased; the isolation position and the opposite side of the feed structure are arranged, so that the antenna current distribution of the metal floor is improved.
In order to obtain the optimal performance of the circularly polarized antenna, the reflecting plate and the slot antenna need to be optimized integrally, and CST electromagnetic simulation software is adopted to optimize the structure size. The final optimized antenna size is: 46mm for L, 62mm for W, R1＝19mm，R2＝12.2mm，D＝1.1mm，l1＝3.9mm，l2＝0.5mm，l3＝28.8mm，w1＝0.9mm，w2＝8.2mm，w3＝27.6mm，d1＝14.3mm，lc＝10mm，wc＝5.3mm，H＝36mm。
L represents the width of the reflector, W represents the width of the metal plate, R1, R2 and D respectively represent the radius of a large circle, the radius of a small circle and the distance between the centers of the large circle and the small circle which form a crescent slot, L1, L2, L3, W1, W2 and W3 respectively represent the length and the width of a three-step rectangle which forms the feed of the antenna, D1 represents the offset distance of the feed structure from the left end of the whole antenna, lc and wc respectively represent the length and the width of a rectangular opening under the crescent slot, and H represents the distance between the radiator and the reflector.
And simulating the reflection coefficient, axial ratio, gain, left-handed and right-handed radiation characteristics and the like of the optimally designed small broadband circularly polarized antenna by using CST electromagnetic simulation software. The reflection coefficient of a small broadband circularly polarized antenna is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen that the antenna covers the impedance bandwidth of 4.9GHz to 10.7 GHz. The axial ratio characteristic of a small broadband circularly polarized antenna is shown in fig. 4, from which it can be seen that the antenna covers a 3dB circularly polarized bandwidth of 5.7 GHz-10 GHz. Fig. 5 shows a simulation diagram of the gain of a small broadband circularly polarized antenna, and it can be seen that the antenna gain is on average at 7dB, which shows that the increase of the reflective panel reduces the loss of the antenna radiating to the back surface, and focuses the main energy on the front surface of the antenna, thereby having an obvious effect of improving the antenna gain. The circular polarization directional diagram after simulation normalization at 6GHz, 7GHz, 8GHz and 9GHz is shown in the attached figure 6, and the antenna is a right-handed circular polarization antenna, so that the left-handed and right-handed characteristics of the antenna can be flexibly designed and changed by adjusting the slotting position and the feeding position, and the requirements of larger scenes are met.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna with a reflecting surface structure is characterized by comprising a dielectric plate, a radiator (1), a metal floor (2), a feed structure (3) and a reflecting plate (4), wherein the radiator (1), the metal floor, the feed structure and the reflecting plate are printed on the dielectric plate; wherein:
the radiator (1) is a crescent gap structure arranged on the metal floor (2), and the slotting method of the crescent gap structure comprises the following steps: two circles with different radiuses are staggered, the center points of the two circles are not overlapped, and the staggered part is slotted on the metal floor (2); the partial position of the crescent gap structure is subjected to partition treatment, and the gap communication state is changed;
the feed structure (3) adopts a stepped broadband microstrip line feed structure, the top of the feed structure is provided with a reflecting plate (4), and the reflecting plate (4) is coupled with the crescent slot structure of the radiator (1) at the top of the feed structure (3) to realize the broadband radiation characteristic of the slot antenna.
2. The miniaturized broadband circular polarized antenna of the reflecting surface structure according to claim 1, wherein the feeding structure (3) is further provided with a reflecting panel (5) at one side thereof for reflecting the electromagnetic wave at one side of the reflecting panel (5) to change the bidirectional radiation characteristic thereof into the unidirectional radiation characteristic
3. The miniaturized broadband circular polarized antenna with the reflecting surface structure according to claim 2, wherein the reflecting panel (5) is further provided with a dielectric screw (6), and the metal floor (2) and the reflecting panel (5) are connected and supported through the dielectric screw (6).
4. The miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna of the reflective surface structure according to claim 1, wherein a square slot is further provided below the radiator (1) of the crescent slot structure.
5. The miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the dielectric plate has a thickness of 0.8mm and a dielectric constant of εr＝3.65。
6. The miniaturized broadband circular polarized antenna with the reflector structure according to claim 1, wherein the antenna is designed to obtain the predetermined phase distribution of the surface current of the metal floor by adjusting the parameter semilunar gap structure, so as to realize the broadband circular polarization characteristic and the broadband axial ratio bandwidth capable of covering C and X bands, and the specific design method is as follows:
firstly, the symmetrical structure of the surface current of the metal floor is changed by adjusting the parameters of the crescent-shaped gap structure, so that the horizontal polarization component of the antenna is increased; secondly, adjusting parameters of a feed structure, particularly the intersection of the top end of the feed structure and the crescent-shaped gap structure, and improving impedance matching on the basis of increasing gap coupling; then, the current distribution on the surface of the metal floor is further improved by adjusting the size of the rectangular gap under the crescent gap structure, so that the circular polarization of the radiation structure is realized; and finally, realizing the unidirectional radiation of the whole antenna structure by adjusting the heights of the reflecting floor and the radiating body.
7. The miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna with the reflecting surface structure according to claim 1, wherein the two circular radii, the position of the center point of the circle, and the position of the partition are optimized, and the optimization method specifically comprises:
the radius of the two circles is larger than 5 mm; meanwhile, the central points of the two circles cannot be superposed, the center of the small circle is lower than that of the large circle, the upper half part of the formed half-moon-shaped gap is wider, the lower half part of the formed half-moon-shaped gap is narrower, the coupling degree is increased in the actual feeding process, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be increased; the isolation position and the opposite side of the feed structure are arranged, so that the antenna current distribution of the metal floor is improved.
8. The miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the optimal optimized dimensions of the antenna are:
L＝62mm，W＝46mm，R1＝19mm，R2＝12.2mm,D＝1.1mm，l1＝3.9mm，l2＝0.5mm，l3＝28.8mm，w1＝0.9mm，w2＝8.2mm，w3＝27.6mm，d1＝14.3mm，lc＝10mm，wc＝5.3mm，H＝36mm；
l represents the width of the reflector, W represents the width of the metal plate, R1, R2 and D respectively represent the radius of a large circle, the radius of a small circle and the distance between the centers of the large circle and the small circle which form a crescent slot, L1, L2, L3, W1, W2 and W3 respectively represent the length and the width of a three-step rectangle which forms the feed of the antenna, D1 represents the offset distance of the feed structure from the left end of the whole antenna, lc and wc respectively represent the length and the width of a rectangular opening under the crescent slot, and H represents the distance between the radiator and the reflector.
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| CN115275619A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-01 | 重庆大学 | Compact structure's miniature circular polarized antenna of semicircle |
| CN115275619B (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2024-05-10 | 重庆大学 | Semi-circular miniaturized circularly polarized antenna with compact structure |
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| CN113437522B (en) | 2024-08-16 |
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