CN113418725A

CN113418725A - Automatic detection device for seed discharge performance of precision hill-drop planter

Info

Publication number: CN113418725A
Application number: CN202110266681.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李滨; 王屾
Original assignee: Northeast Forestry University
Current assignee: Northeast Forestry University
Priority date: 2021-03-11
Filing date: 2021-03-11
Publication date: 2021-09-21

Abstract

The design is mainly used for designing the detection table, so that the designed detection table can be used for detecting the performance of the precision dibbler under the condition of meeting the requirement. As a big agricultural country, seeding plays a very important role in agricultural work. The seeding machine can greatly help seeding work, the quality of the seeding machine is directly related to harvest of crops in the same year, the seed sowing device is very important for the seeding machine, and the work of detecting the seed sowing performance is necessary. As times change, higher performance is also required for seeding machines. Also the detection devices of sowing machines need to be studied more intensively. Modern tests on the seed metering performance usually use machinery for detection, and are not traditionally actually measured in a field, so that the traditional method not only consumes manpower and material resources, but also has a detection result easily influenced by the environment. Therefore, the design mainly detects the seeding performance of the precision dibbler.

Description

Automatic detection device for seed discharge performance of precision hill-drop planter

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of single chip microcomputer application, and particularly relates to a design of a detection table, so that the designed detection table can detect the performance of a precision dibbler under the condition of meeting requirements.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, and seeding occupies a very important position in the agricultural working process. The seeding machine can greatly help seeding work, the quality of the seeding machine is directly related to harvest of crops in the same year, the seed sowing device is very important for the seeding machine, and the detection of the seed sowing performance is necessary for people. As times change, higher performance is also required for seeding machines. Also the detection devices of sowing machines need to be studied more intensively. Modern tests on the seed metering performance usually use machinery for detection, and are not traditionally actually measured in a field, so that the traditional method not only consumes manpower and material resources, but also has a detection result easily influenced by the environment. Therefore, the design mainly detects the seeding performance of the precision dibbler.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an automatic seed metering performance detection device of a precision hole sowing device, which aims to solve the problem of detection of actual seed metering number and theoretical seed metering number of the precision hole sowing device.

The main work content is as follows: the overall structure design of the detection device comprises the steps of determining the size of a hill planter, designing a main frame and designing a hill planter support. The motor is designed in a model selection mode and used for ensuring a power source. The system is controlled by the single chip microcomputer and is used for receiving and processing signals received by the sensor, and finally displaying needed data to people. And the sensor mounting part is designed for detecting the actual seed number and the theoretical seed number of the precision dibbler.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following solutions: a device for automatically detecting the seed-metering performance of a precision hill-drop planter is mainly characterized in that the transmission of power is carried out through a conveyor belt and chain transmission, a hill-drop planter is fixed on a rack by using a fixed support, seeds can be directly discharged on the conveyor belt below the hill-drop planter during seed metering, the conveyor belt moves reversely, and the moving speed of the conveyor belt is the advancing speed of the planter under a simulation condition. The condition of the seeds can be effectively observed on the conveyer belt, and whether the seeds have the phenomenon of missing sowing can be seen. The scheme has the advantages of simple structure, convenient design and installation and low cost.

Further, a frame structure is designed, and main parameters of the hill-drop planter and the size and the material of the test bed are determined.

Furthermore, the transmission system is designed, and the speed regulating motor I and the speed regulating motor II transmit power to the hill-drop planter and the roller through chain transmission, so that the hill-drop planter and the roller move at a required speed.

Further, the rotating speed of the motor is determined, and the direct current motor which can perform stepless speed regulation and is convenient to control is selected.

Further, the structures of the chain wheel of the hill-drop planter and the chain wheel of the transmission roller are determined, and a 08A chain is selected for chain transmission.

Furthermore, the calculation of the chain speed, the effective circumferential force and the roller chain static strength in the chain transmission is completed according to the known parameters of the chain wheel, and the strength of the chain wheel of the hill-drop planter and the chain wheel of the transmission roller is verified.

Furthermore, two photoelectric sensors are selected for measuring required data, and the real-time sowing rate is calculated through data processing of the theoretical sowing amount and the actual sowing amount.

Furthermore, the sensor is fixed by using two fastening nuts to fix the sensor on the hill-drop planter bracket and the sensor bracket respectively through threads on the sensor.

Furthermore, a control system is designed, an STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer is selected as a microprocessor, an LCD1602 is selected as a display screen, an MAF150-220D24&12 power supply module is selected to provide power for a direct current motor, and a GYVRM-K240505 voltage reduction module is selected to supply power for the single chip microcomputer. And the circuits of the relevant modules are designed and the corresponding circuit designs are completed.

The beneficial effect of this scheme does:

1. can avoid the phenomena of miss-seeding and multicast, and has great influence on the harvest of crops

2. The hill-drop planter has the advantages of low price, simple operation and capability of stably measuring the performance of the hill-drop planter.

3. The design mainly aims at the modern test of the seed sowing performance of the precision dibbler, the seed sowing performance is usually detected by using machinery instead of the traditional actual measurement in the field, the traditional method not only consumes manpower and material resources, but also the detection result is easily influenced by the environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-detecting table frame; 2-a hill planter; 3-a hill planter support; 4-driving the roller shaft; 5-motor shaft; 6-motor support; 7-a rack support; 8-large rib plate; 9-fastening screw M6 x 14; 10-a hill planter drive shaft; 11-a dibbler bearing cap; 12-a dibbler bearing; 13-a drum drive shaft; 14-a driving roller sprocket; 15-driving roller bearing cover 1; 16-driving roller bearing cap 2; 17-speed regulating motor chain wheel; 18-speed regulating motor; 19-a fastening screw; 20-small rib plates; 21-a bracket beam; 22-a driving roller; 23-a test table frame; 24-a sensor holder; 25-M18 fastening nuts; 26-a photosensor; 27-a trigger device; 28-dibbler support 2.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Please refer to fig. 1, which is a device for automatically detecting the seed discharging performance of a precision hill-drop planter, comprising a hill-drop planter (2), a transmission sprocket and a test bench (1), wherein the hill-drop planter (2) is internally designed with a deflector rod, the transmission sprocket is rotated by the deflector rod, the drive sprocket is vertically supported by a support (23), the lower part of the transmission sprocket is arranged at the lower part of the test bench (1), and the lower end of the transmission sprocket is provided with a first speed regulating motor (5). A rotating speed adjusting device (18) is arranged below the test bed (1), a seed metering display controller is arranged below the right of the test bed (1), a second speed regulating motor is arranged at the right section of the test bed (1), and a light curtain sensor (26) and a light curtain sensor support (24) are arranged on the surface of the test bed (1).

Further, the hill planter (2) is fixed on the experiment table (1) by using a fixed bracket.

Further, the hill planter (2) is connected with the transmission sprocket.

Furthermore, the lower end of the mounting transmission sprocket is provided with a speed regulating motor to rotate.

Furthermore, a rotating speed adjusting device (18) is arranged below the mounting test bed (1).

Furthermore, a seed sowing display controller, a light curtain sensor (26) and a light curtain sensor bracket (24) are arranged at the lower right part of the mounting test bed (1). The working principle of the scheme is as follows: usually carry out the seeding performance when actual farming and detect, let the seed metering ware follow tractor and seeder advance together to observe actual seeding effect, but to detecting then just in time opposite at indoor, need simulate the seed metering ware and follow the condition that the seeder advances together, fix the seed metering ware on detection device, the reverse motion through the conveyer belt comes simulation seed metering ware and seeder to advance together, just so can simulate out the motion of actual detection performance. Then real-time detection is carried out through the control system, so that the aim of outputting various seeding performance indexes is fulfilled. The seed metering amount detection is mainly realized through a photoelectric sensor, when the simulated movement is started, seeds in the dibbler can be discharged through a seed metering nozzle of the dibbler, and can fall downwards when being discharged, and finally the simulated condition is finished, and when the seeds fall downwards, a photoelectric sensor is arranged in a path of the photoelectric sensor for detection. When the seed falls, can pass through photoelectric sensor's light curtain, the sensor can receive a signal this moment, and the rethread carries out the processing and the calculation of data with the microprocessor that the sensor is connected, so reciprocal alright in order to count the quantity of the actual seed of discharging. Similarly, since the dibbler only discharges one seed at a time, and a photoelectric sensor is placed on the rotation path of the dibbler nozzle, the number of seeds discharged theoretically can be counted according to the counted number of times that the nozzle passes the sensor.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a smart volume dibbler seed metering performance automatic checkout device which characterized in that: the device mainly transmits power through a conveyor belt and a chain, firstly the hill-drop planter is fixed on a rack by using a fixed bracket, so that the hill-drop planter can directly arrange seeds on the conveyor belt below when in seed sowing, the conveyor belt moves reversely, and the moving speed of the conveyor belt is the advancing speed of the seeder under the simulation condition. The condition of the seeds can be effectively observed on the conveyer belt, and whether the seeds have the phenomenon of missing sowing can be seen. The scheme has the advantages of simple structure, convenient design and installation and low cost.

2. The automatic detection device for the seed discharging performance of the precision dibbler according to claim 1, characterized in that: designing a frame structure, and determining main parameters of the hill-drop planter and the size and material of the test bed.

3. The automatic detection device for the seed discharging performance of the precision dibbler according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the transmission system is designed, and the power is transmitted to the hill-drop planter and the roller through the first speed regulating motor and the second speed regulating motor by chain transmission, so that the hill-drop planter and the roller move at a required speed.

4. The automatic detection device for the seed discharging performance of the precision dibbler according to claim 1, characterized in that: and determining the rotating speed of the motor and selecting the direct current motor which can perform stepless speed regulation and is convenient to control.

5. The automatic detection device for the seed discharging performance of the precision dibbler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the structure of the chain wheel of the hill-drop planter and the chain wheel of the transmission roller is determined, and a 08A chain is selected for chain transmission.

6. The automatic detection device for the seed discharging performance of the precision dibbler according to claim 1, characterized in that: according to the known parameters of the chain wheel, the calculation of the chain speed, the effective circumferential force and the static strength of the roller chain in the chain transmission is completed, and the strength of the chain wheel of the hill-drop planter and the chain wheel of the transmission roller is verified.

7. The automatic detection device for the seed discharging performance of the precision dibbler according to claim 1, characterized in that: two photoelectric sensors are selected to measure required data, and the real-time seeding rate is calculated through data processing of theoretical seeding rate and actual seeding rate.

8. The automatic detection device for the seed discharging performance of the precision dibbler according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the sensor is fixed by using two fastening nuts to fix the sensor on the hill-drop planter bracket and the sensor bracket respectively through threads on the sensor.

9. The automatic detection device for the seed discharging performance of the precision dibbler according to claim 1, characterized in that: a control system is designed, an STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer is selected as a microprocessor, an LCD1602 is selected as a display screen, an MAF150-220D24&12 power supply module is selected to provide a power supply of a direct current motor, and a GYVRM-K240505 voltage reduction module is selected to supply power to the single chip microcomputer. And the circuits of the relevant modules are designed and the corresponding circuit designs are completed.