CN113397039A - Hybrid paper mulberry silage and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Hybrid paper mulberry silage and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 240000006248 Broussonetia kazinoki Species 0.000 title 1
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 70
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- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000705930 Broussonetia papyrifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
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- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid paper mulberry silage, which comprises the following raw materials: preparing a kneaded whole hybrid paper mulberry, a molasses additive, a lactic acid bacteria additive and a cellulase additive, wherein the mixture ratio of the raw materials is as follows: the culture medium comprises, by weight, 100 parts of whole hybrid broussonetia papyrifera, 4 parts of molasses, 0.002 part of lactic acid bacteria and 0.1 part of cellulase. The raw materials adopted by the invention are the hybrid paper mulberry which has the characteristics of fast growth, strong adaptability, dry and cold resistance, damp and heat resistance, developed root system, high yield, cutting resistance and the like, the raw materials are used as the raw materials of the silage, the raw materials can not be easily influenced by the environment, the quality of the produced silage is better, the yield of the produced silage is higher due to the strong fast growth capability, the nutrient solution loss and clostridium fermentation in the silage process can be caused by the overhigh moisture content of the raw materials of the paper mulberry, the water content of the paper mulberry is controlled to 65% by airing before cutting and kneading the paper mulberry plants, and the silage quality of the trees is ensured from the source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to silage, in particular to hybrid paper mulberry silage and a processing method thereof.
Background
The silage is a coarse fodder obtained by cutting green fodder with water content of 65-75%, and inhibiting propagation of various mixed bacteria under the condition of closed oxygen deficiency by the fermentation effect of anaerobic lactobacillus. The silage is sour and fragrant in smell, soft and juicy, good in palatability, rich in nutrition, beneficial to long-term storage and is an excellent feed source for livestock. The hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is a plant of the genus broussonetia of the family Moraceae, is a new species with excellent characteristics, which is screened out by the combination of modern breeding technology and conventional technology and space-borne mutagenesis by using core germplasm as a male parent and a broussonetia papyrifera of the same genus shrub as a female parent in the institute of plant research of Chinese academy of sciences as resources for collecting wild broussonetia papyrifera. The hybrid broussonetia papyrifera cultivated by hybrid breeding has the characteristics of fast growth, strong adaptability, dry and cold resistance, damp and heat resistance, developed root system, high yield, cutting resistance and the like. The leaves and the whole tender branches are high-quality feed raw materials, and researches show that the content of crude protein in the paper mulberry leaves is over 20 percent, and the paper mulberry leaves are rich in vitamins, amino acids and trace elements and are an unconventional protein feed resource with high development value.
Most of the traditional raw materials for manufacturing the silage are easily influenced by factors such as environment, temperature and the like, if the growth environment or the temperature or other factors related to the growth are not suitable, the grown plants are very likely to have reduced nutrient substances, the quality of the processed silage is correspondingly reduced, the yield of the silage raw materials growing in the environment with the unsuitable factors is also influenced, and the yield of the produced silage is indirectly influenced; on the other hand, the soluble sugar content of paper mulberry is low, and direct silage results in insufficient substrate required for lactic acid bacteria fermentation, and the fermentation quality of paper mulberry silage is frequently influenced by the activity of aerobic bacteria during silage fermentation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a hybrid paper mulberry silage and a processing method thereof to solve the problems of low yield and poor quality of the produced silage indirectly caused by the fact that raw materials of the silage are easily affected by environmental factors in the prior art, and to solve the problem of fermentation quality of paper mulberry silage indirectly caused by low content of soluble sugar in paper mulberry.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: provides a hybrid paper mulberry silage, which has the innovation points that: the method comprises the following raw materials: preparing a kneaded whole hybrid paper mulberry, a molasses additive, a lactic acid bacteria additive and a cellulase additive, wherein the mixture ratio of the raw materials is as follows: the culture medium comprises, by weight, 100 parts of whole hybrid broussonetia papyrifera, 4 parts of molasses, 0.002 part of lactic acid bacteria and 0.1 part of cellulase.
Further, the molasses additive, the lactic acid bacteria additive and the cellulase additive are uniformly mixed with the whole hybrid broussonetia papyrifera to form the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera silage, wherein the molasses additive comprises sucrose, the lactic acid bacteria additive comprises lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri, and the cellulase additive comprises cellulase.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention also provides a processing method of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera silage, which has the innovation points that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting the paper mulberry: the artificial hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is harvested by a green feed harvester, and the stubble height is 15-20 cm;
(2) and (3) naturally airing: naturally airing the broussonetia papyrifera plants collected in the step (1) until the moisture is 65 percent, wherein the moisture is the moisture reaching the standard for preparing silage;
(3) crushing: cutting and rubbing paper mulberry plants with the water content reaching the standard by using a rubbing machine to form paper mulberry powder;
(4) selecting an additive: the additive for processing the silage by the paper mulberry comprises three types: a molasses additive, a lactic acid bacteria additive and a cellulase additive respectively, wherein the molasses additive comprises cane sugar, the lactic acid bacteria additive comprises lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri, and the cellulase additive comprises cellulase;
(5) calculating the addition amount of each additive based on the weight of the paper mulberry powder, wherein the addition amount of the molasses additive is 4 percent of the weight of the paper mulberry powder, the addition amount of the lactic acid bacteria additive is 0.02g/kg, the addition amount of the cellulase additive is 1g/kg, and after the addition amount of each additive is calculated, uniformly mixing the three additives into the paper mulberry powder to prepare a feed;
(6) ensiling the feed: carrying out high-density compaction and bundling on the feed mixed with the three additives in the step (5) by using a bundling machine to form a bale, wherein the density range during bundling is above 550Kg/m3, rapidly wrapping the bale by using a stretching film for a wrapping machine after bundling, wrapping the stretching film outside the bale layer by layer, and providing a sealed anaerobic fermentation environment for silage to complete lactic acid fermentation so as to complete silage;
(7) silage is used: the hybrid paper mulberry feed can be fed after the silage reaches the silage time, and the silage can be taken and used immediately.
Further, the hybrid paper mulberry tree harvested by the green feed harvester in the step (1) needs to be selected with a plant height range of 0.8-1.6 m.
Further, when the paper mulberry plant is cut and kneaded in the step (3), the length range of the cut paper mulberry plant is as follows: 1-2 cm.
Further, the sugar content of the molasses additive in the step (4) is 48%, the viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum and the lactobacillus buchneri is both greater than or equal to 1.0 x 1010CFU/g, and the activity of the cellulase is greater than or equal to 30000U/g;
further, the high-density compaction and bundling of the feed mixed with the three additives in the step (6) by using a bundling machine have a density range of 550Kg/m 3-750 Kg/m 3.
Further, the number of wrapping layers of the stretch film wrapped outside the bale in the step (6) is 4-6.
Further, the suitable temperature range of lactic acid fermentation during silage of the feed in the step (6) is 20-35 ℃, the fermentation time is 40 days, and if the lactic acid fermentation temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the silage time is prolonged by 20 days.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the raw material adopted by the processing method of the silage for the hybrid paper mulberry is the hybrid paper mulberry, the hybrid paper mulberry has the characteristics of fast growth, strong adaptability, dry and cold resistance, damp and heat resistance, developed root system, high yield, cutting resistance and the like, the raw material is used as the silage raw material, the silage is not easily influenced by the environment, the quality of the produced silage is good, the silage yield can be high due to strong fast growth capability, and nutrient flow and clostridium fermentation can be caused in the silage process when the moisture content of the paper mulberry raw material is too high.
(2) According to the processing method of the hybrid paper mulberry silage, lactic acid bacteria are added to promote the generation of lactic acid, and the pH is quickly reduced to inhibit the activity of aerobic bacteria, so that the fermentation quality of paper mulberry silage is improved.
(3) Due to the fact that the soluble sugar content of the paper mulberry is low and the substrate required by fermentation of lactic acid bacteria is insufficient, the molasses additive is added to conduct silage on the paper mulberry silage, proliferation and pH reduction of the lactic acid bacteria can be accelerated, activities of harmful bacteria such as mold and clostridium are inhibited, and the quality of the manufactured silage is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera silage processing method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings, and the present embodiment is not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention provides a hybrid paper mulberry silage, which comprises the following raw materials: preparing a kneaded whole hybrid paper mulberry, a molasses additive, a lactic acid bacteria additive and a cellulase additive, wherein the mixture ratio of the raw materials is as follows: the culture medium comprises, by weight, 100 parts of whole hybrid broussonetia papyrifera, 4 parts of molasses, 0.002 part of lactic acid bacteria and 0.1 part of cellulase. The molasses additive, the lactic acid bacteria additive and the cellulase additive are uniformly mixed with the whole hybrid paper mulberry to form the hybrid paper mulberry silage, wherein the molasses additive comprises cane sugar, the lactic acid bacteria additive comprises lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri, and the cellulase additive comprises cellulase.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides a processing method of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera silage, the specific flow of the processing method is shown as figure 1, and the processing method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting the paper mulberry: the artificial planting of the hybrid paper mulberry, selecting the hybrid paper mulberry with the plant height range of 0.8-1.6m, utilizing a green feed harvester to harvest the whole plant, wherein the stubble height is 15-20 cm, and the table 1 shows that the nutritional component content of the whole hybrid paper mulberry with different heights detected when the hybrid paper mulberry silage processing method is implemented can be obtained from the table, when the plant height is 0.8m, the moisture content is highest, and slightly decreases with the increase of the plant height, the protein and phosphorus content is also highest, the decrease range of the protein and phosphorus content is slightly larger with the increase of the plant height, the coarse ash content and the calcium content are not greatly changed with the increase of the plant height, the calcium content has the tendency of decreasing with the increase of the plant height, and the neutral detergent fiber and the acid detergent fiber are gradually increased with the increase of the plant height, so that the nutritional value of the hybrid paper mulberry is highest when the plant height is 0.8m, and the nutritional value is slightly decreased with the increase of the plant height, and seen from the variation trend of each nutrient in the table, the paper mulberry plants with the plant height of 0.8-1.6m can be used as raw materials of silage.
TABLE 1
(2) And (3) naturally airing: naturally airing the paper mulberry plant harvested in the step (1) until the water content is 65%, wherein the water content is the standard water content for preparing silage, and when the paper mulberry plant is cut short and kneaded, the length range of the cut paper mulberry plant is as follows: 1-2cm, if the length of the cut paper mulberry plant is too long, the cut paper mulberry plant is not beneficial to being uniformly mixed with the three additives;
(3) crushing: cutting and rubbing paper mulberry plants with the water content reaching the standard by using a rubbing machine to form paper mulberry powder;
(4) selecting an additive: the additive for processing the silage by the paper mulberry comprises three types: the molasses additive comprises cane sugar, the sugar content of the molasses additive is 48%, the lactobacillus additive comprises lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri, the viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum and the lactobacillus buchneri is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 1010CFU/g, the cellulase additive comprises cellulase, and the activity of the cellulase is more than or equal to 30000U/g;
(5) calculating the addition amount of each additive based on the weight of the paper mulberry powder, wherein the addition amount of the molasses additive is 4 percent of the weight of the paper mulberry powder, the addition amount of the lactic acid bacteria additive is 0.02g/kg, the addition amount of the cellulase additive is 1g/kg, and after the addition amount of each additive is calculated, uniformly mixing the three additives into the paper mulberry powder to prepare a feed;
(6) ensiling the feed: and (3) carrying out high-density compaction and bundling on the feed mixed with the three additives in the step (5) by using a bundling machine to form a bale, wherein the bundling density range is above 550Kg/m3, preferably, the bundling density range is 550Kg/m 3-750 Kg/m3, if the bundling density is too high, the formed bale is too large in mass and inconvenient to move, and nutrient loss is caused by excessive extrusion among the feeds due to too high density during ensiling. After bundling, rapidly wrapping the bales by using a stretching film of a wrapping machine, wrapping the stretching film outside the bales layer by layer, preferably, the number of wrapping layers of the stretching film wrapped outside the bales is 4-6, frequently checking the wrapping sealing degree in the fermentation process to prevent damage and rainwater infiltration, and immediately sealing the bales by using an adhesive tape if the bales are damaged to provide a sealed anaerobic fermentation environment for silage to finish lactic acid fermentation so as to finish silage;
in the feed ensiling step, the suitable temperature range of lactic acid fermentation during the ensiling of the feed is 20-35 ℃, the fermentation time is 40 days, and if the lactic acid fermentation temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the ensiling time is prolonged by 20 days.
(7) Silage is used: the hybrid paper mulberry feed can be fed after the silage reaches the silage time, and the silage can be taken and used immediately. When feeding the silage made of paper mulberry, the silage is preferably fully stirred with other concentrated feed, corn silage and hay and prepared into a total mixed daily ration.
The leaves and the whole tender branches of the hybrid paper mulberry are high-quality feed raw materials, the content of crude protein in the paper mulberry leaves is over 20 percent, the hybrid paper mulberry is rich in vitamins, amino acids and trace elements, the hybrid paper mulberry is an unconventional protein feed resource with high development value, the paper mulberry is used as a silage raw material, the environment influence can be avoided, the quality of the produced silage is good, the fast growth capability is high, the yield of the produced silage is high, the nutrient flow and clostridium fermentation can be caused in the silage process due to the fact that the paper mulberry is used as the silage raw material, the water content of the paper mulberry plant is controlled to be 65 percent through airing before the paper mulberry plant is cut and rolled, and the silage quality of the paper mulberry is ensured from the source. And then, on the basis of taking the paper mulberry as a raw material, adding lactic acid bacteria and molasses, wherein the addition of the molasses accelerates the proliferation and pH reduction of the lactic acid bacteria, inhibits the activities of harmful bacteria such as mold, clostridium and the like, improves the quality of the prepared silage, and simultaneously inhibits the activities of aerobic bacteria, so that the fermentation quality of paper mulberry silage is improved.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A hybrid paper mulberry silage, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following raw materials: preparing a kneaded whole hybrid paper mulberry, a molasses additive, a lactic acid bacteria additive and a cellulase additive, wherein the mixture ratio of the raw materials is as follows: the culture medium comprises, by weight, 100 parts of whole hybrid broussonetia papyrifera, 4 parts of molasses, 0.002 part of lactic acid bacteria and 0.1 part of cellulase.
2. The hybrid broussonetia papyrifera silage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the molasses additive, the lactic acid bacteria additive and the cellulase additive are uniformly mixed with the whole hybrid broussonetia papyrifera to form the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera silage, wherein the molasses additive comprises cane sugar, the lactic acid bacteria additive comprises lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri, and the cellulase additive comprises cellulase.
3. A processing method of hybrid broussonetia papyrifera silage is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting the paper mulberry: the artificial hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is harvested by a green feed harvester, and the stubble height is 15-20 cm;
(2) and (3) naturally airing: naturally airing the broussonetia papyrifera plants collected in the step (1) until the moisture is 65 percent, wherein the moisture is the moisture reaching the standard for preparing silage;
(3) crushing: cutting and rubbing paper mulberry plants with the water content reaching the standard by using a rubbing machine to form paper mulberry powder;
(4) selecting an additive: the additive for processing the silage by the paper mulberry comprises three types: a molasses additive, a lactic acid bacteria additive and a cellulase additive respectively, wherein the molasses additive comprises cane sugar, the lactic acid bacteria additive comprises lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri, and the cellulase additive comprises cellulase;
(5) calculating the addition amount of each additive based on the weight of the paper mulberry powder, wherein the addition amount of the molasses additive is 4 percent of the weight of the paper mulberry powder, the addition amount of the lactic acid bacteria additive is 0.02g/kg, the addition amount of the cellulase additive is 1g/kg, and after the addition amount of each additive is calculated, uniformly mixing the three additives into the paper mulberry powder to prepare a feed;
(6) ensiling the feed: carrying out high-density compaction and bundling on the feed mixed with the three additives in the step (5) by using a bundling machine to form a bale, wherein the density range during bundling is above 550Kg/m3, rapidly wrapping the bale by using a stretching film for a wrapping machine after bundling, wrapping the stretching film outside the bale layer by layer, and providing a sealed anaerobic fermentation environment for silage to complete lactic acid fermentation so as to complete silage;
(7) silage is used: the hybrid paper mulberry feed can be fed after the silage reaches the silage time, and the silage can be taken and used immediately.
4. The method for processing the silage of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the hybrid paper mulberry tree harvested by the green feed harvester needs to be selected with the plant height range of 0.8-1.6 m.
5. The method for processing the silage of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the paper mulberry plant is cut short and kneaded in the step (3), the length range of the cut paper mulberry plant is as follows: 1-2 cm.
6. The method for processing the silage of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sugar content of the molasses additive in the step (4) is 48%, the viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum and the lactobacillus buchneri is more than or equal to 1.0 x 1010CFU/g, and the activity of the cellulase is more than or equal to 30000U/g.
7. The method for processing the silage of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) in the step (6), the high-density compaction and bundling of the feed mixed with the three additives by using a bundling machine are performed, wherein the density range of the high-density compaction and bundling is 550Kg/m 3-750 Kg/m 3.
8. The method for processing the silage of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) in the step (6), the number of wrapping layers of the stretch film wrapped outside the bale ranges from 4 to 6.
9. The method for processing the silage of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the suitable temperature range of lactic acid fermentation during silage is 20-35 ℃, the fermentation time is 40 days, and if the lactic acid fermentation temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the silage time is prolonged by 20 days.
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