CN113390735B - Prediction method for grain breakage probability under single impact load - Google Patents
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Abstract
A prediction method for grain breakage probability under single impact load belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and comprises a control system and a prediction model, and is characterized in that: the control system comprises an accelerating device of the impact body, a speed measuring device of the impact body, a grain suspension device and a collecting box; the predictive model includes the use of
Calculating the impact crushing probability of the grains by a formula, wherein the impact speed V is used as a variable and is controlled to be 10-35m/s, more than 50 single-grain impact tests are executed at each impact speed, and the crushing probability of the grains at the specified impact speed is detected after the impact tests; wherein V 0 And q is an unknown parameter in the model and needs to be fitted and calculated by combining grain breakage probability data. The invention has strong operability, low cost and obvious effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting grain breakage probability under single impact load, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture.
Background
The mechanization degree of the grain grains in the whole circulation links from the field to the dining table such as harvesting, storing, transporting and processing is higher and higher, and the grain in each link is involved in bearing the impact load of mechanical parts to realize the operation target. Impact load is one of the main causes of grain breakage, and according to the statistics of national food service data, only in the grain processing link, the breakage loss generated each year is about 650 ten thousand tons. Therefore, the prediction of the grain crushing probability under the impact load can provide a theoretical basis for the design and process optimization of key working parts of equipment for grain harvesting and processing and the like. In the prior art, if the specific particle material is not limited, there are three main methods for impact crushing of particles. 1. Passing heightAccelerating the particles by the rapid airflow to enable the accelerated particles to impact a target surface; 2. the particles or groups of particles are centrifugally accelerated by a rotating mechanical spinning disk to impact the target surface. 3. The impact body is accelerated by gravity, so that the accelerated impact body impacts the particles. The air flow acceleration type particle impact detection device is mainly used for analyzing the impact crushing process of polymer spherical particles, the particle size of the particles is small, the size distribution range is about 0.6-1.6mm, the particle acceleration range is about 10-50m/s, the device is relatively complex, and the operation requirement is high. Gravity type and centrifugal acceleration type particle impact detection device are used for analyzing the particle size distribution rule of products after the impact crushing of particles with irregular ore type shapes and large sizes, the device precision is relatively low, and the impact times of the particles are not easy to control. The relative impact speed for detecting the impact crushing of grains is in the range of 10-35m/s, which puts requirements on the control precision of the speed of an impact body; secondly, the grain size range is between the size range of the polymer and the ore type particles, which puts requirements on the control precision of the size range of the impact particles; meanwhile, the impact crushing test of the grains needs to consider the influence of different impact parts of the grains on impact damage, and the requirement is provided for the control precision of impact contact points. By integrating the requirements of the three-point control precision, the conventional particle impact detection device cannot completely realize grain impact crushing detection. Meanwhile, if the specific particle material is not limited, the published patent CN101490525A adopts the formula M {1-exp [ -f ] as to the particle breakage probability prediction model mat ·x·k·E]And predicting the breakage index of the particles, wherein the model highlights the influence of the particle size, the impact frequency and the impact threshold energy on the breakage index. However, this three factor is not a major concern in grain processing practice, and relative impact velocity is a major concern in the design of critical working parts of agricultural product processing equipment. Therefore, the design of the detection equipment suitable for grain impact crushing and the construction of the prediction model of the grain crushing probability based on the detection equipment are urgent to solve. Therefore, the invention is necessary to develop a prediction method for the grain breakage probability under single impact load.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the difficulty of designing detection equipment suitable for grain impact crushing and constructing a prediction model of grain crushing probability based on the detection equipment, the invention provides a prediction method for the grain crushing probability under a single impact load, and the prediction method for the grain crushing probability under the single impact load is suitable for testing the impact crushing process of single grain; the control system adopted by the method can realize the accurate control of the relative impact speed between the single grain and the impact body; the grain suspension device used by the method can realize the control of different impact contact points of grains and is suitable for impact crushing tests of grains with different properties; the prediction model of the method can realize the prediction of the grain breakage probability under different impact speeds.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a prediction method for the breakage probability of grains under a single impact load, comprising a control system and a prediction model, wherein: the control system comprises an accelerating device of the impact body, a speed measuring device of the impact body, a grain suspension device and a collecting box; the predictive model includes the use of
And (4) calculating the impact crushing probability of the grains by using a formula.
The control system is characterized in that the accelerating device of the impact body charges a capacitor after a direct-current power supply passes through a boost rectification and voltage-limiting charging control circuit based on an electromagnetic induction principle, then the capacitor discharges to enable a multi-stage electromagnetic coil to generate electromagnetic force, the impact body positioned in the electromagnetic coil accelerates under the action of the electromagnetic force, and the speed of the impact body is controlled by the magnitude of charging voltage of the capacitor.
In the control system, the speed measuring device of the impact body is arranged at the tail end of the multistage coil, the accelerated speed of the impact body is accurately measured by adopting a photoelectric speed measuring principle, and the relation between the capacitor charging voltage and the speed of the impact body can be calibrated.
The control system is characterized in that the grain suspension device is installed at the tail end of the speed measuring device, and air pump, vacuum generator and adsorption nozzle are adopted to generate air-suction type adsorption force, so that accurate adsorption of different parts of single grain can be realized. Meanwhile, the adsorption nozzle is arranged in the collection box, and the adsorption nozzle and the collection box are placed on the three-axis screw rod, so that the spatial position of the adsorbed single grains can be adjusted.
According to the control system, the energy absorbing sponge is attached to the collecting box, grains impacted at a specified speed enter the collecting box, and then the grains are used for detecting the crushing condition of the grains.
The prediction model, wherein the impact velocity V is taken as a variable and can be controlled to be 10-35m/s, more than 50 single-grain impact tests are carried out at each impact velocity, and the grain breakage probability at the appointed impact velocity is detected after the impact tests.
The predictive model wherein the probability of breakage is the percentage of the number of grains broken to the total number of grains per impact test. By shattering is meant that the grain undergoes macroscopic brittle fracture.
The prediction model described, wherein V 0 And q is an unknown parameter in the model and needs to be fitted and calculated by combining grain breakage probability data.
The method for predicting the grain breakage probability under the single impact load is suitable for testing the impact breakage process of single grains; the control system adopted by the method can realize the accurate control of the relative impact speed between the single grain and the impact body; the grain suspension device used in the method can realize the control of different impact contact points of grains and is suitable for impact crushing tests of grains with different attributes; the prediction model of the method can realize the prediction of the grain breakage probability under different impact speeds. The invention has strong operability, low cost and obvious effect.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a grain single impact disruption apparatus for use in a method of predicting the probability of a grain disruption under a single impact load.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the relationship between charging voltage and impact velocity for a method of predicting the probability of grain breakage under a single impact load.
FIG. 3 is a graph of grain impact breakage at two sets of impact velocities for a method of predicting the probability of grain breakage at a single impact load.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the result of predicting the impact breakage probability of brown rice having a moisture content of 12.5% for a method of predicting the breakage probability of grains under a single impact load.
In the figure, 1, a voltage boosting rectifying and limiting charging control circuit, 2, a direct current power supply, 3, a capacitor, 4, an electromagnetic coil, 5, a charging voltage display screen, 6, a charging button, 7, an emission button, 8, an emission tube, 9, a photoelectric velometer, 10, an adsorption nozzle, 11, a vacuum generator, 12, an air pump, 13, a three-shaft screw rod, 14, a collecting box, 15, grains and 16 impact bodies.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in figure 1, a control system involved in the prediction method of the grain breakage probability under single impact load comprises an accelerating device of an impact body, a speed measuring device of the impact body, a grain suspension device and a collection box. The acceleration device of the impact body comprises: a direct current power supply 1, a boost rectification charging control circuit 2 and an electromagnetic accelerator. The direct current power supply 1 is formed by connecting three 18650 flat-head 3.7V lithium batteries in series; the boost rectification charging control circuit 2 comprises a rectifier bridge, a boost transformer, an inductance coil, a module start indication light-emitting diode, a charging display diode, a power input port and a power output port, wherein the voltage range of the power input port is 8-12V, the voltage range of the output port is 400-600V, and 1 of a charging button 6 and an emission button 7 respectively; the electromagnetic accelerator is accelerated by five stages of electromagnetism, each stage of accelerator is provided with 1 capacitor 3 of 4501000 mu F, 1 silicon controlled rectifier, 1 10 ohm resistor, 1 electromagnetic coil 4 of 500 smash, 1 charging voltage display screen 5, and five stages of accelerating electromagnetism are horizontally connected in series by 1 ABS transmitting tube 8 with the length of 300mm and the inner diameter of 8 mm; the impact body is a cylindrical iron elastomer 15 with the diameter of 6mm and the length of 25mm. The speed measuring device is a photoelectric speed measurer 9 which is a commercially available Hante HT-X3005 speed measurer. The cereal linkage include: the device comprises an air compressor 10, a vacuum generator 11, an adsorption nozzle 12, a three-shaft screw 13 and a collection box 14. The air compressor 10 is a commercially available military leopard 2.2KW air compressor with a 0.25/1.25 single phase; the vacuum generator 11 is a commercially available Victorco CV-10HS 6mm joint; the adsorption nozzle 12 is a stainless steel metal pipe, the inner diameter of the front end of the adsorption nozzle is 4mm, the outer diameter of the front end of the adsorption nozzle is 6mm, the adsorption nozzle is gradually thinned until the diameter of the adsorption nozzle 12 at the tail end is reduced to 1mm, and a round flexible rubber pipe with the outer diameter of 2mm and the inner diameter of 1mm is sleeved at the tail end of the adsorption nozzle 12; the three-axis lead screw 13 is composed of four independent linear sliding mechanisms, each linear sliding mechanism is composed of a lead screw, a guide rail, a sliding block and a rack, the rack of the mechanism is made of aluminum alloy materials, and the lead screw and the guide rail are made of stainless steel materials. In order to stabilize the two mechanisms, the two mechanisms are horizontally arranged at the bottommost part in parallel, 1 mechanism is vertically arranged and horizontally arranged and fixedly connected with the upper sliding block of the bottom mechanism through a screw, and 1 mechanism is vertically arranged and fixedly connected with the sliding block of the second layer through a screw. Meanwhile, the bottom two hand wheels are rotated to adjust the bottom layer sliding blocks to drive the second layer and the third layer of mechanisms to move back and forth, the second layer of hand wheels are also rotated to drive the sliding blocks to drive the third layer of mechanisms to move left and right, the third layer of hand wheels are rotated to drive the sliding blocks to move the third layer of sliding blocks up and down, the whole mechanism realizes the adjustment of any direction of a three-dimensional space, and the adjustment length of each direction of a lead screw is 250mm. The collecting box 14, 200mm long wide thick be 100mm top open have diameter 6mm aperture box wall thickness 3mm one section open have length 94mm wide 94mm entrance lateral wall leave length 180mm wide 80mm observation window and install the transparent ya keli board of thickness 5mm, attach the energy-absorbing sponge in the other part of box, the material is the iron casing. In the figure, the grains are exemplified by brown rice 16, and the water content thereof is 12.5%. The accelerating device who strikes the body installs on horizontal base, guarantee that 8 levels of transmitting tube settle, 8 ends of transmitting tube are pressed close to photoelectric type velometer 9, triaxial lead screw 13 is placed at the tachymeter end, the collecting box is fixed on the slider of third layer straight line slider mechanism by the screw, collecting box entry orientation velometer 9 is terminal, 12 one sections of adsorption nozzle are placed and are concretied with the box in collecting box 14, the other end is by plastic hose and 11 negative pressure interface connections of vacuum generator, 11 high-pressure air input of vacuum generator adopts plastic hose to be connected to air compressor machine air output end, thereby whole device realizes hanging of cereal, position and gesture adjustment, and accurate control strikes position and strikes body impact velocity, concrete operation and principle as follows: before the impact test is started, firstly, a relation curve between the display voltage on the charging voltage display screen 5 and the impact speed of the impact body 15 is calibrated. The method comprises the following specific steps: the three-axis screw 13 is rotated to enable the inlet of the collecting box 14 and the tail end of the launching tube 8 to be positioned on the same axis, so that the accelerated impact body can be launched into the collecting box 14. Then click the button 6 that charges, DC power supply 1 charges for electric capacity 3 behind the rectifier control circuit 2 that steps up, and the button 6 that charges of continuously clicking, the electric capacity that stores up in the electric capacity 3 lasts to increase, and the numerical value on the charging voltage display screen 5 also lasts to increase. After the specified voltage is obtained on the charging voltage display screen 5, the charging button 6 is stopped being clicked, and the impact body 15 is put in at the entrance of the transmitting tube 8. Then the emission button 7 is clicked, the capacitor 3 discharges instantly, electromagnetic force is induced in the multi-stage electromagnetic coil 4, the impact body 15 starts to accelerate from a static state in the emission tube 8, the accelerated impact body 15 is emitted out of the emission tube 8 and enters a channel of the photoelectric velometer 9, the speed of the impact body is recorded by the photoelectric velometer 9, and finally the impact body 15 falls into the collection box 14. The relation between different display voltages on the charging voltage display screen 5 and the impact speed of the impact body 15 is obtained by the same steps, as shown in fig. 2, it can be seen that the control system designed by the invention can accurately realize the impact speed range of 10-35m/s required by grain impact crushing. Then, the impact test was started, and the process was: first, the air pump 10 is turned on, and the compressed air passes through the vacuum generator 11 to generate an adsorption force on the adsorption nozzle 12. Then, the observation window of the collection box 14 is opened, and one brown rice 16 of a specified posture is sucked on the suction nozzle 12. Then, the observation window is closed, the three-shaft screw 13 is rotated, the spatial position of the brown rice 16 is adjusted, and the transmitting tube 8 and the brown rice are ensured to be positioned on the same axis. Based on the curve guidance of fig. 2, the charge button 6 is clicked to adjust the display voltage on the charge voltage display screen 5 to a specified value (corresponding to a specified impact speed). Then, an impact body 15 is put in the entrance of the launching tube 8, and the launching button 7 is clicked, the impact body 15 will impact the adsorbed single-grain brown rice 16 at a specified impact speed. As shown in FIG. 3, the impact process can be observed by means of high-speed camera shooting, and it can be seen that the brown rice has different crushing modes at different impact speeds. After completion of the single impact, it was observed in the collection container 14 whether the brown rice after the impact was broken. In the same way, the impact test was repeated 50 times at each specified impact speed and the grain breakage at each impact speed was recorded. For example, in this embodiment, brown rice having a water content of 12.5% was used, and the breakage probabilities at five impact speeds were obtained, as shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 impact breakage probability of brown rice
After the impact test at each specified impact velocity is completed, the present invention can be combined
And obtaining a prediction model of the impact breakage probability of the brown rice.
With reference to the data in table 1, the brown rice breakage probability prediction model selected in the present embodiment is as follows:
Based on the obtained breakage probability prediction model, the complete breakage probability curve of the brown rice under the moisture in the impact speed range of 10-35m/s is shown in FIG. 4.
The method has the outstanding characteristic that impact crushing processes and crushing probability prediction models of grain particles under different attributes can be obtained. Impact crushing analysis of grains is common in engineering fields such as harvesting, threshing, cleaning, processing and the like, and the invention has reference significance for dynamic load crushing of other granular materials, and the basic principle and the main characteristics and the advantages of the invention are shown and described. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A prediction method for grain breakage probability under single impact load comprises a control system and a prediction model, and is characterized in that: the control system comprises an accelerating device of the impact body, a speed measuring device of the impact body, a grain suspension device and a collecting box (14); the acceleration device of the impact body is based on an electromagnetic induction principle, a direct-current power supply (1) is charged for a capacitor (3) through a boost rectification and voltage-limiting charging control circuit (2), then the capacitor (3) discharges to enable a multi-stage electromagnetic coil (4) to generate electromagnetic force, the impact body (16) located in the electromagnetic coil (4) accelerates under the action of the electromagnetic force, and the speed of the impact body (16) is controlled by the charging voltage of the capacitor (3); the speed measuring device of the impact body (16) is arranged at the tail end of the multistage coil, and the accelerated speed of the impact body is accurately measured by adopting a photoelectric speed measuring principle; the grain suspension device is arranged at the tail end of the speed measuring device, and an air pump (12), a vacuum generator (11) and an adsorption nozzle (10) are adopted to generate air suction type adsorption force; the adsorption nozzle (10) is arranged in the collection box (14), and the adsorption nozzle (10) and the collection box (14) are placed on the three-axis screw rod (13); the predictive model includes the use of
Calculating the impact crushing probability of the grains by a formula, wherein the impact speed V is used as a variable and is controlled to be 10-35m/s, more than 50 single-grain impact tests are executed at each impact speed, and the crushing probability of the grains at the specified impact speed is detected after the impact tests; wherein V 0 And q is an unknown parameter in the model and needs to be fitted and calculated by combining grain breakage probability data.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104007035A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-08-27 | 北京石油化工学院 | High-temperature pressurization airflow solid particle erosive wear testing device |
| CN107860667A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-03-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of batch-type supersonic speed sand grains erosion test platform and test method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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