CN113353819A - Single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system and telescopic boom crane - Google Patents
Single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system and telescopic boom crane Download PDFInfo
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- CN113353819A CN113353819A CN202110641527.2A CN202110641527A CN113353819A CN 113353819 A CN113353819 A CN 113353819A CN 202110641527 A CN202110641527 A CN 202110641527A CN 113353819 A CN113353819 A CN 113353819A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
- B66C23/64—Jibs
- B66C23/70—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths
- B66C23/701—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic
- B66C23/708—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic locking devices for telescopic jibs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
- F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
- F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
- F15B15/202—Externally-operated valves mounted in or on the actuator
Abstract
The invention relates to a crane, aiming at solving the problem that the single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system of the existing crane needs to arrange a core pipe in an oil cylinder; the hydraulic system comprises an oil cylinder, a main control valve, a cylinder arm pin plug interlocking mechanism, a plug pin selection electromagnetic valve, a plug pin oil storage device and a plug pin oil collection and discharge device, wherein the cylinder arm pin plug interlocking mechanism is arranged on a cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder; the pin pulling oil storage device is connected between the pin inserting and pulling selection electromagnetic valve and the oil cylinder and used for obtaining and storing pressure oil for pin pulling from an oil cavity of the oil cylinder and supplying the pressure oil for pin pulling to the pin inserting and pulling selection electromagnetic valve; the plug pin oil collecting and discharging device is connected between the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve and the small oil cylinder cavity and used for collecting backflow oil liquid when the plug pin is temporarily stored to act and discharging the collected oil liquid to the small oil cylinder cavity. In the invention, the oil cylinder is not required to be provided with the core pipe, the structure of the oil cylinder is simplified, the defects caused by the core pipe are avoided, an independent oil source for inserting and pulling the pin is not required, and the cost of the whole machine is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crane, in particular to a single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system and a telescopic boom crane.
Background
At present, a large-tonnage crane generally adopts two modes to drive and control the extension and contraction of a plurality of sections of telescopic arms, one mode is a mode of combining a conventional telescopic oil cylinder (without a core pipe) with a rope row, and the other mode is a mechanism mode of a single-cylinder bolt (with a core pipe), and the two modes have the advantages.
The oil cylinder combined rope row mode is generally suitable for a telescopic mechanism not larger than five sections of booms, has the advantages that a single oil cylinder is small in size and high in telescopic efficiency, and has the defects that two oil cylinders are required to be arranged inside the booms along with the increase of the number of the booms, the complexity of the arrangement of the ropes is increased, the space is limited, the bearing capacity of a steel wire rope is limited, and the boom crane with more than six sections of booms is difficult to use.
At present, for the large-tonnage crane with more than six-section arm level, a single-cylinder bolt scheme is mainly adopted, the large-tonnage crane is characterized in that only one oil cylinder is needed, a cylinder arm pin plug interlocking mechanism and an electric control scheme are matched, a sequential combination telescopic mode of the suspension arms with more than six-section arm can be achieved, the large-tonnage crane has the advantages of simple mechanism and the like, the oil cylinder is longer, an internal core pipe is needed to be filled with oil to drive and control the cylinder arm pin plug interlocking mechanism, the oil cylinder is higher in cost and poor in reliability, and meanwhile, the oil cylinder is larger in size and heavier in weight due to the existence of the core pipe and cannot be arranged in a small-tonnage crane with the suspension arms with more than 6 sections and small tonnage. Therefore, the hydraulic control system based on the conventional oil cylinder controllable pull pin interlocking mechanism without the core pipe needs to be invented.
Because the single-cylinder bolt telescopic oil cylinder needs an external oil source to be introduced into the cylinder arm pin switching valve moving along with the cylinder barrel for use, a core pipe needs to be added inside the oil cylinder, the length of the core pipe is more than 10M, the length of the core pipe is long, and the welding manufacturability and reliability of the oil cylinder are poor due to the fact that the core pipe is added inside the oil cylinder. The increase of the sectional area of the oil cylinder leads to the weight increase of the oil cylinder. The external independent hydraulic oil source and the external hydraulic control valve are depended to drive the control cylinder arm pin plug interlocking mechanism, so that the cost is increased, the oil supply of the hydraulic pump is long, and the energy consumption is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system and a telescopic boom crane, aiming at solving the problem that the single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system of the existing crane needs to arrange a core pipe in an oil cylinder, wherein the core pipe is not needed to be arranged in the oil cylinder in the hydraulic system, so that the structure of the oil cylinder is simplified, and the defect caused by the arrangement of the core pipe in the oil cylinder is avoided.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system comprises an oil cylinder;
the main control valve is connected between the piston rod of the oil cylinder and a pressure oil source and is used for controlling the oil cylinder to stretch;
the cylinder arm pin plugging and unplugging interlocking mechanism is arranged on a cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder, is used for plugging and unplugging a cylinder pin and an arm pin, and comprises a cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve, and an arm pin unplugging mechanism and a cylinder pin which are connected with the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve;
the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve is connected with the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve and is used for controlling the actions of plugging and unplugging the cylinder pin and the arm pin;
the electromagnetic valve is characterized in that the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve is arranged on the cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder; the oil cylinder also comprises a pin pulling oil storage device and a pin collecting and discharging device which are arranged on the cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder;
the oil outlet end and the oil inlet end of the pin pulling oil storage device are correspondingly connected with a pin pulling oil port of the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve and an oil cylinder, and are used for acquiring and storing pressure oil for pin pulling from an oil cavity of the oil cylinder and supplying the pressure oil for pin pulling to the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve during pin pulling;
the oil inlet end and the oil outlet end of the bolt oil collecting and discharging device are correspondingly connected with a bolt oil port and an oil cylinder small cavity of the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve and used for collecting collected oil which flows back to the oil cylinder small cavity through the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve when the bolt acts.
In the invention, the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve is arranged on the cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder and moves along with the cylinder barrel, and pressure oil in the oil cavity of the oil cylinder (the pressure oil can be discharged from a large cavity or a small cavity of the oil cylinder) is introduced for plugging the cylinder pin and the arm pin, so that a core pipe is not required to be arranged in the oil cylinder, the structure of the oil cylinder is simplified, the defect caused by the core pipe arranged in the oil cylinder is avoided, an independent oil source for the plug pin is also omitted, and the cost of the whole machine is reduced.
In the single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system, the hydraulic system further comprises a first shuttle valve, two oil inlet ends of the first shuttle valve are respectively communicated with the large cavity and the small cavity of the oil cylinder, and an oil outlet end of the first shuttle valve is communicated with an oil inlet end of the pin pulling and oil storage device. When the oil cylinder extends (the suspension arm extends) or retracts (the suspension arm retracts), pressure oil in the large cavity or the small cavity of the oil cylinder can enter the pin pulling and oil storing device through the first shuttle valve, and hydraulic oil is provided for pulling out the arm pin or the cylinder pin next time.
In the telescopic hydraulic system with the single-cylinder bolt, the pin pulling oil storage device comprises a first energy accumulator, a pressure reducing valve and a first one-way valve, wherein the oil inlet end of the first one-way valve is connected with the oil outlet end of the pressure reducing valve, the oil outlet end of the first one-way valve and the oil inlet end of the pressure reducing valve respectively form the oil outlet end and the oil inlet end of the pin pulling oil storage device, and the first energy accumulator is connected with the oil outlet end of the first one-way valve. When the suspension arm extends out, the pressure in the large cavity of the oil cylinder can be very high, and the pressure is reduced through the pressure reducing valve, so that the pressure of the pressure oil entering the first energy accumulator is relatively reduced, and the pressure requirement of a pipeline in the cylinder arm pin plugging interlocking mechanism is reduced.
In the above single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system, the bolt oil collecting and discharging device comprises a second check valve and a second energy accumulator, the oil inlet end and the oil outlet end of the second check valve correspond to form the oil inlet end and the oil outlet end of the bolt oil collecting and discharging device, and the second energy accumulator is connected to the oil inlet end of the second check valve. When the cylinder pin is inserted or the arm pin is inserted, oil in the arm pin pulling mechanism or the cylinder pin enters a second energy accumulator of the plug pin oil collecting and discharging device through the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve and the plug pin selecting electromagnetic valve, if the pressure of the small cavity of the oil cylinder is higher than the pressure in the second energy accumulator at the moment, the oil discharged from the arm pin pulling mechanism or the cylinder pin is temporarily stored in the second energy accumulator, and when the pressure in the small cavity of the oil cylinder is smaller than the pressure of the oil in the plug pin oil collecting and discharging device, the oil in the plug pin oil collecting and discharging device flows into the small cavity of the oil cylinder through the second check valve and then flows back to the hydraulic oil tank through the main control valve.
In the single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system, when the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve is powered off, the cylinder pin is communicated with the pin side oil port of the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve through the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve, and when the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve is powered on, the arm pulling pin mechanism is communicated with the pin side oil port of the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve through the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve;
the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve is connected with the cylinder pin through the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve through a pin side oil port, a plug pin oil port is communicated with a pin side oil port when the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve is powered off, and a plug pin oil port is communicated with a pin side oil port when the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve is powered on;
the hydraulic system further comprises a cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve and a second shuttle valve which are installed on a cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder, the cylinder pin is connected with a cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve through the second shuttle valve, a cylinder pin oil port of the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve is connected with a first oil inlet end of the second shuttle valve, the cylinder pin is connected with an oil outlet end of the second shuttle valve, a cylinder pin oil port of the cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve is connected with a second oil inlet end of the second shuttle valve, an emergency pull-out pin oil port of the cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve is connected with an oil inlet end of the first one-way valve, and a bolt oil outlet of the cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve is connected with an oil inlet end of the bolt collection device; the cylinder pin emergency pulling control valve is normally in a state that a cylinder pin oil port is communicated with an emergency pulling oil port.
In the above single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system, the cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve is an electromagnetic valve, the bolt oil port is communicated with the cylinder pin oil port when the electromagnetic coil is powered on, and the bolt oil port is communicated with the cylinder pin oil port when the electromagnetic coil is powered off. Or the cylinder pin emergency pulling control valve is a hydraulic control valve, and the hydraulic control end of the cylinder pin emergency pulling control valve is communicated with a pin side oil port of the pulling and inserting pin selection electromagnetic valve. The cylinder pin emergency pulling control valve can also be a mechanical control valve, the working position of the cylinder pin emergency pulling control valve is manually controlled in an emergency state, a pin side oil port is communicated with an emergency pin pulling oil port, the cylinder pin is pulled out, and the oil cylinder can be retracted for maintenance. When a cable connecting the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve and the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve breaks down and normal plug pin cannot be realized, the cylinder pin can be controlled automatically through the cylinder pin emergency plug control valve, so that the cylinder pin is pulled out, the oil cylinder can retract from the cylinder pin, the oil cylinder barrel moves downwards to facilitate maintenance of parts on the oil cylinder barrel, including the cable, and the arm pin keeps in an extending state when the oil cylinder barrel retracts.
The single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system also comprises a hydraulic control two-position two-way balance valve, wherein the balance valve is connected to an oil path from the main control valve to the large cavity of the oil cylinder, and a hydraulic control end is connected with an oil path from the main control valve to the small cavity of the oil cylinder; the upper position of the balance valve is a one-way conduction function position towards the direction of the large cavity of the oil cylinder, and the lower position of the balance valve is a damping function position from the large cavity of the oil cylinder to the direction of the main control valve.
In the single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system, the oil outlet end of the pin pulling oil storage device and the oil inlet end of the bolt oil collecting and discharging device are both provided with pressure sensors, so that the pressures of the two positions are obtained, and the pressure sensors can be used for logical judgment so as to control the whole machine.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a telescopic boom crane is constructed, and is characterized by comprising the single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system, wherein the oil cylinder is arranged in a telescopic boom of the crane.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve is arranged on the cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder and moves along with the cylinder barrel, and the pressure oil in the oil cavity of the oil cylinder (the pressure oil can be discharged from the large cavity or the small cavity of the oil cylinder) is introduced for plugging the cylinder pin and the arm pin, so that a core pipe is not required to be arranged in the oil cylinder, the structure of the oil cylinder is simplified, the defect caused by the core pipe arranged in the oil cylinder is avoided, an independent oil source for plugging the pin is omitted, and the cost of the whole machine is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single cylinder bolt extension hydraulic system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system in a second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a second schematic diagram of a single cylinder bolt extension hydraulic system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the single-cylinder plug pin telescopic hydraulic system in this embodiment includes an oil cylinder 10, a main control valve 28, a cylinder arm pin plug and pull interlocking mechanism, a plug pin selection solenoid valve 24, a plug pin oil storage device, a plug pin oil collection and discharge device, a balance valve 29, a pressure oil source 25, a hydraulic oil tank 26, and the like.
The pressure oil source 25 is connected to the main control valve 28, and is used for providing hydraulic oil for the cylinder 10 to extend and retract to the main control valve 28. The oil return port of the main control valve 28 is connected with the hydraulic oil tank 26 to realize oil return of the hydraulic system. And overflow valves 27 are arranged between the two working oil ports and the oil return port of the main control valve and are used for avoiding overload of pressure on the oil cylinder.
The main control valve 28 is an electro proportional valve which supplies pressure oil to the cylinder 10 through a working port according to the magnitude of the control current. Two working oil ports of the main control valve 28 are connected to the piston rod 12 of the oil cylinder 10 through pipelines, and are respectively communicated with the large cavity and the small cavity of the oil cylinder 10 through oil passages arranged in the piston rod 12. The balance valve 29 is provided on an oil path communicating with the cylinder large chamber.
The balance valve 29 is a hydraulic control two-position two-way valve, and the hydraulic control end of the balance valve is communicated with the oil path from the main control valve 28 to the small cavity of the oil cylinder; the upper position of the balance valve 29 is a one-way conduction function position towards the direction of the large cavity of the oil cylinder, and the lower position is a damping function position from the large cavity of the oil cylinder to the direction of the main control valve. When the cylinder extends, the main control valve 28 leads oil to the large cavity of the cylinder through the upper position of the balance valve 29. When the oil cylinder retracts, the main control valve 28 leads oil to the small cavity of the oil cylinder, the pressure of the oil led to the small cavity of the oil cylinder enables the balance valve 29 to be switched from the upper position to the lower position, and the oil in the large cavity of the oil cylinder flows back to the hydraulic oil tank 26 through the lower position of the balance valve 29 and the main control valve 28. Since the lower position of the balance valve 29 is a damping function position, the lower position limits the oil outflow speed in the large cavity of the oil cylinder, so that the oil cylinder retracts slowly. When the telescopic operation is not carried out, the oil pressure in the small cavity of the oil cylinder is zero, the balance valve 29 is positioned at the upper position, the upper position of the balance valve 29 is stopped in a one-way from the large cavity of the oil cylinder to the direction of the main control valve, and the oil in the large cavity of the oil cylinder can not flow out, so that the oil cylinder keeps the extending state.
The cylinder arm pin plugging interlocking mechanism, the plugging pin selection electromagnetic valve 24, the plugging pin oil storage device, the plug pin oil collection and discharge device and the first shuttle valve 30 are all arranged on the cylinder barrel 11 and move together with the cylinder barrel 11.
The cylinder arm pin plugging interlocking mechanism is used for plugging and unplugging a cylinder pin and an arm pin and comprises a cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve 21, and an arm pin unplugging mechanism 22 and a cylinder pin 23 which are connected with the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve;
the plug pin selection solenoid 24 is connected to the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid 21 and is used for controlling the operation of the plug pin.
Two oil inlet ends of the first shuttle valve 30 are respectively communicated with the large cavity and the small cavity of the oil cylinder 10. The oil outlet end and the oil inlet end of the pin pulling oil storage device are correspondingly connected with the pin pulling oil port B of the pin pulling selection electromagnetic valve 24 and the oil outlet end of the first shuttle valve 30, and are used for acquiring and storing pressure oil for pin pulling from a large cavity or a small cavity of the oil cylinder and supplying the pressure oil for pin pulling to the pin pulling selection electromagnetic valve 24 during pin pulling. When the oil cylinder is extended (boom extension action) or retracted (boom retraction action), if the high-pressure oil in the large cavity or the small cavity of the oil cylinder 10 can enter the pin pulling and oil storing device, the hydraulic oil is provided for pulling out the next boom pin or cylinder pin. The first shuttle valve 30 is used for comparing the pressure in the large cavity and the small cavity of the oil cylinder and introducing the oil in the oil cavity with high pressure into the pin pulling oil storage device. In specific implementation, the first shuttle valve can be omitted, the oil inlet end of the pin pulling oil storage device is directly communicated with the large cavity of the oil cylinder or communicated with the small cavity of the oil cylinder, and the pin pulling oil storage device obtains pressure oil from the large cavity or the small cavity of the oil cylinder for pin pulling operation.
In this embodiment, the pin pulling oil storage device includes a first energy accumulator 33, a pressure reducing valve 31, and a first check valve 32 whose oil inlet end is connected to the oil outlet end of the pressure reducing valve 31, and the oil outlet end of the first check valve 32 constitutes the oil outlet end of the pin pulling oil storage device and is connected to the pin pulling oil port B of the pin inserting and pulling selection solenoid valve 24; the oil inlet end of the pressure reducing valve 31 constitutes the oil inlet end of the pin pulling oil storage device and is connected to the oil outlet end of the first shuttle valve 30. The first accumulator 33 is connected to the oil outlet end of the first check valve 32. When the boom extends out, the pressure in the large cavity of the oil cylinder can be very high, and the pressure is reduced through the pressure reducing valve 31, so that the pressure of the pressure oil entering the first energy accumulator 33 is relatively reduced, the pressure requirement of a pipeline in the cylinder arm pin plugging interlocking mechanism is reduced, and the first energy accumulator 33 is protected from being damaged by overhigh pressure. Therefore, if the highest pressure of the pressure oil introduced by the pin pulling oil storage device is not very high, for example, the pressure does not exceed the pressure of 10Mpa, the pressure reducing valve can be omitted, for example, the oil inlet end of the first check valve 32 is directly communicated with the small oil cylinder cavity, and when the oil cylinder retracts, the main control valve 10 fills the small oil cylinder cavity with low pressure so that the pressure does not exceed the pressure of 10 Mpa.
The oil inlet end and the oil outlet end of the bolt oil collecting and discharging device are correspondingly connected with the bolt oil port C of the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve 24 and the small oil cylinder cavity, and are used for temporarily collecting oil which flows back through the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve 24 when the bolt acts and discharging the collected oil to the small oil cylinder cavity. In the present embodiment, the plug-pin oil collecting and discharging device includes a second check valve 41 and a second accumulator 42. The oil inlet end of the second check valve 41 constitutes the oil inlet end of the plug pin oil collecting and discharging device and is connected with the plug pin oil port C of the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24. The oil outlet end of the second check valve 41 forms the oil outlet end of the plug pin oil collecting and discharging device and is communicated with the small cavity of the oil cylinder 10, and the second energy accumulator 42 is connected to the oil inlet end of the second check valve 41. When the cylinder pin is inserted or arm pin is inserted, the oil discharged from the arm pin pulling mechanism 22 or the cylinder pin 23 enters the plug pin oil collecting and discharging device through the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve 21 and the plug pin selecting electromagnetic valve 24, and if the pressure of the small cavity of the oil cylinder is higher than the pressure in the second energy accumulator 42 at the moment, the oil discharged from the arm pin pulling mechanism 22 or the cylinder pin 23 is temporarily stored in the second energy accumulator 42; when the pressure of the oil in the small cavity of the oil cylinder is smaller than the pressure of the oil in the bolt oil collecting and discharging device, the oil in the bolt oil collecting and discharging device (mainly the second energy accumulator 42) flows into the small cavity of the oil cylinder through the second one-way valve 41 and then flows back to the hydraulic oil tank through the main control valve 28.
The oil outlet end of the pin pulling oil storage device and the oil inlet end of the pin collecting and discharging device are both provided with pressure sensors 50, so that the pressures of the two parts are obtained, and the pin pulling oil storage device and the pin collecting and discharging device can be used for logical judgment so as to control the whole machine.
The single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system can be used for a multi-section telescopic boom crane, and the oil cylinder is arranged in a boom of the crane and used for driving the boom to stretch.
Each section of suspension arm is processed with an arm pin hole and a cylinder pin hole, and when the suspension arm is fixed, an independent pin shaft is used for pinning between two adjacent sections of arms, and a cylinder arm pin plug interlocking mechanism at the front section of the cylinder barrel moves along with the cylinder barrel, so that at most only one of the cylinder pin or the arm pin is in a plug state or all in the plug state at the same time, and the suspension arm is ensured not to be in a non-support state, therefore, the normal sequence of the suspension arm when extending and retracting the arm is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of initial state, cylinder pin pulling, master control valve reversing, cylinder stretching or retracting to find a corresponding pin hole of an N-joint arm, cylinder pin inserting, arm pin pulling, arm stretching with arm, corresponding arm pin position finding, arm pin inserting, fixing of an N-joint suspension arm by an arm pin, cylinder pin pulling, cylinder retracting, cylinder pin hole position finding of an N-1-joint arm, cylinder pin inserting and the like.
Hydraulic control sequence of the above operation sequence:
(1) and an initial state: when the boom arm pin is in an inserted state, the boom is in a fixed state, and the oil cylinder is in an initial state in the boom, the main control valve is in a middle position, oil of a pressure oil source does not enter a large cavity and a small cavity of the oil cylinder, at the moment, the pressure of the large cavity is locked by the balance valve because of a small amount of hydraulic oil in the boom, and a small amount of pressure exists due to the self-weight pressure of the boom, at the moment, the pressure of the first energy accumulator 33 and the pressure sensor 50 represents the pressure at the moment, but the boom does not act, because the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve 24 is in a power-off state, the cylinder pin and the arm pin are both in a release state, and the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve 21 is in a default power-off state.
(2) Pulling out a cylinder pin: the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 is in an electrified state and works in the right position, a plug pin oil port B of the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 is communicated with a pin side oil port A, oil in the first energy accumulator 33 enters the cylinder pin 23 through the right position of the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 and the left position of the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21, pressure oil pushes a piston to compress a spring in the cylinder pin 23, the cylinder pin retracts, the cylinder pin is pulled out from a cylinder pin hole of the suspension arm, and therefore the oil cylinder can stretch without the arm.
(3) And reversing the main control valve (assuming that the main control valve is at a left position and the oil cylinder extends): at the moment, oil enters a large cavity of the oil cylinder, returns to a small cavity, has high pressure and enters a first energy accumulator 33 through a first shuttle valve 30, a pressure reducing valve 31 and a first one-way valve 32. Due to the pressure reducing valve 31, the pressure reduced by the pressure reducing valve 31 to a set pressure not higher than 10Mpa, the first accumulator 33 and related components are protected, and at the same time the cylinder starts to extend and the first accumulator is charged with liquid.
(4) When the oil cylinder extends (or retracts) to find the position of the pin hole corresponding to the N-section arm (the process is confirmed by the position of the arm code sensing block), the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve 24 is powered off and is reversed, the oil hole A on the pin side is communicated with the plug pin oil hole C when the oil cylinder works in the left position, oil in the cylinder pin 23 is discharged under the action of the spring force of the oil cylinder, and the oil cylinder enters the second energy accumulator 42 through the left position of the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve 21 and the left position of the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve 24. At this time, if the pressure of the small cavity of the oil cylinder is smaller than the pressure of the second energy accumulator 42, the oil in the second energy accumulator 42 is discharged into the small cavity of the oil cylinder through the second check valve 41, otherwise, due to the existence of the second check valve 42, the return oil is charged into the second oil accumulator 42 with lower pressure for temporary storage, and the cylinder pin is ensured to be completely released and inserted into the cylinder pin hole.
(5) After the cylinder pin is inserted into the cylinder pin hole, the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 and the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21 are powered on, the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 and the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21 work in a reversing mode in the right position, oil in the first energy accumulator 33 enters the arm pin pulling mechanism 22 through the right position (a conducted pin pulling oil port B and a pin side oil port A) of the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 and the right position of the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21, and the arm pin is pulled out by pressing down a spring of the arm pin pulling mechanism 22.
(6) And after the arm pin between the two corresponding sections of arms is pulled out, the oil cylinder carries out telescopic motion of the arms. When the oil cylinder reaches a designated position, the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve 24 is powered off, the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve 21 is kept powered on, at the moment, oil in the arm pin pulling mechanism 22 flows into the second energy accumulator 42 through the right position of the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve 21 and the left position of the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve 24, and the arm pin pulling mechanism 22 pushes the corresponding arm pin under the action of an internal spring to fix the corresponding two-section arm pin.
(7) After the boom is fixed, the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve 21 is powered off and is switched to the left position, the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve 24 is powered on and is switched to the right position, oil in the first energy accumulator 33 enters the cylinder pin 23 through the right position of the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve 24 and the left position of the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve 21, a spring in the cylinder pin is pressed, the cylinder pin 23 is pulled out from a cylinder pin hole in the knuckle arm, the main control valve 28 is switched to the right position, and the oil cylinder retracts. And according to the operation cycle, the section-by-section extension or retraction of the suspension arm is realized through the telescopic action of the oil cylinder.
In the embodiment, the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 is arranged on the cylinder barrel 11 of the oil cylinder, moves along with the cylinder barrel 11, and introduces pressure oil (which can be discharged from a large cavity or a small cavity of the oil cylinder) in an oil cavity of the oil cylinder 10 for plugging the cylinder pin and the arm pin, so that a core tube is not required to be arranged in the oil cylinder, the structure of the oil cylinder is simplified, the defect caused by the core tube is avoided, an independent oil source for the plug pin is omitted, and the cost of the whole machine is reduced.
Example two.
As shown in fig. 2, compared with the first embodiment, the difference is that the single-cylinder bolt extension hydraulic system in the present embodiment further includes a second shuttle valve 61 and a cylinder bolt emergency pull-out control valve 60.
The cylinder pin 23 is connected with the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21 through the second shuttle valve 61, wherein a cylinder pin oil port of the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21 is connected with a first oil inlet end of the second shuttle valve 61, the cylinder pin 23 is connected with an oil outlet end of the second shuttle valve 61, a cylinder pin oil port D of the cylinder pin emergency pullout control valve 60 is connected with a second oil inlet end of the second shuttle valve 61, an emergency pullout oil port E of the cylinder pin emergency pullout control valve 60 is connected with an oil inlet end of the first check valve 32, and a plug pin oil port F of the cylinder pin emergency pullout control valve 60 is connected with an oil inlet end of the plug pin oil collecting and draining device (i.e. is communicated with the second energy accumulator 42); the cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve 60 is normally in a state that the cylinder pin oil port D is communicated with the emergency pull-out pin oil port E.
The cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve 60 is an electromagnetic valve, a plug pin oil port F is communicated with a cylinder pin oil port D when the electromagnetic coil is powered on, and the emergency pull-out oil port E is communicated with the cylinder pin oil port D when the electromagnetic coil is powered off in a normal state.
The cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21 and the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 are disposed on the cylinder tube 11 to move together with the cylinder tube 11, and the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21 and the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 are connected to a controller disposed on the crane through a cable. The oil cylinder 10 is extended and contracted to drive the cable to move in a curling manner, so that the cable connecting the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21 and the plug pin selecting solenoid valve 24 may be damaged and broken. When the cable connecting the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21 and the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 is broken, the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21 and the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 are both de-energized, the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21 and the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24 are both in the left position, the cylinder pin 23 is released to be inserted into the cylinder pin hole of a certain section of the suspension arm, the arm pin between each section of the arm is also inserted into the corresponding arm pin hole, and each section of the arm is pinned. If the oil cylinder extends out at the moment, the front end of the cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder is extended into the suspension arm at the front end, and the cable at the front part of the cylinder barrel cannot be maintained. And the oil cylinder needs to be retracted when the cable is maintained, so that the cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder is retracted to the final position. In the first embodiment, due to the fact that the cable is broken, the cylinder pin and the arm pin are inserted into the corresponding pin holes, the oil cylinder cannot retract, and therefore the problem of inconvenience in maintenance is caused.
In this embodiment, if the cable is broken, the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve 21, the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24, and the cylinder pin emergency pulling control valve 60 are all powered off, the cylinder pin emergency pulling control valve 60 is located at the right position, the cylinder pin oil port D is connected to the emergency pulling pin oil port E, at this time, the main control valve 28 is controlled to perform the cylinder retraction operation through operation, the main control valve 28 charges oil into the cylinder cavity through the balance valve 29, the pressure oil in the cylinder cavity enters the cylinder pin 23 through the first shuttle valve 30, the pressure reducing valve 31, the right position of the cylinder pin emergency pulling control valve 60, and the second shuttle valve 61, and compresses the spring in the cylinder pin 23, so that the cylinder pin is pulled out of the cylinder pin hole to release the pinning between the cylinder 10 and the knuckle arm, the cylinder retracts, and the cylinder barrel moves to the rear portion of the boom, thereby facilitating the maintenance of the broken cable on the cylinder barrel.
In this embodiment, if the cable is intact, during normal operation, the electromagnetic coil of the cylinder pin emergency pullout control valve 60 is always powered on, the cylinder pin emergency pullout control valve 60 is in the left position, the oil in the emergency pullout oil port E cannot be led to the cylinder pin to achieve the cylinder pin pullout action, the cylinder pin pullout can only be achieved by the pressure oil provided by the first energy accumulator 33 through the right position of the insertion and pullout pin selection electromagnetic valve 24 (the insertion and pullout pin selection electromagnetic valve is powered on), the left position of the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve 21 (the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve is powered off), and the second shuttle valve 61 acts on the cylinder pin 23 to achieve the cylinder pin pullout.
In the present embodiment, the cylinder pin emergency draw-out control valve 60 is a solenoid valve, and may be a hydraulic control valve with a constant function position when in use, as shown in fig. 3, and a hydraulic control end thereof is communicated with the pin side oil port a of the plug pin selection solenoid valve 24. The working principle of the emergency pull-out control valve after the cable is broken is the same as that of the electrically controlled cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve 60. After the cable is broken, the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve 24 is in the left position, the hydraulic control end of the cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve 60 is communicated with the second energy accumulator 42 through the left position of the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve 24, the pressure of the hydraulic control end of the cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve 60 is not enough to overcome the elasticity of the spring cavity and is in the right position, the main control valve 28 is operated to perform cylinder retraction operation, the pressure oil in the large cavity of the cylinder enters the cylinder pin 23 through the first shuttle valve 30, the pressure reducing valve 31, the right position of the cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve 60 and the second shuttle valve 61, the spring in the cylinder pin is pressed, the cylinder pin 23 is pulled out of the cylinder pin hole to release the pinning between the cylinder and the knuckle arm, the cylinder retracts, and the cylinder barrel of the cylinder moves to the rear part of the boom, and therefore the broken cable on the cylinder barrel is convenient to maintain.
The cylinder pin emergency extraction control valve 60 can actually control the working position of the cylinder pin emergency extraction control valve through mechanical control, when a cable is intact, the cable works in a left position function, a cylinder pin oil port D of the cylinder pin emergency extraction control valve is communicated with a plug pin oil port F, when the cable is broken and the oil cylinder needs to be retracted, the cylinder pin emergency extraction control valve 60 is manually operated to enable the cylinder pin emergency extraction control valve to be reversed and to be in a right position function, the cylinder pin oil port D is communicated with an emergency extraction pin oil port E, and the cylinder pin extraction action is carried out through introducing pressure oil in a large cavity of the oil cylinder, so that the oil cylinder is independently retracted and is convenient to maintain.
The single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system in the embodiment has the advantages of the single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system in the embodiment, and further has the oil cylinder capable of independently retracting when a cable is broken, so that the purpose of facilitating cable maintenance is achieved.
Claims (10)
1. A single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system comprises an oil cylinder;
the main control valve is connected between the piston rod of the oil cylinder and a pressure oil source and is used for controlling the oil cylinder to stretch;
the cylinder arm pin plugging and unplugging interlocking mechanism is arranged on a cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder, is used for plugging and unplugging a cylinder pin and an arm pin, and comprises a cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve, and an arm pin unplugging mechanism and a cylinder pin which are connected with the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve;
the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve is connected with the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve and is used for controlling the actions of plugging and unplugging the cylinder pin and the arm pin;
the electromagnetic valve is characterized in that the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve is arranged on the cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder; the hydraulic system also comprises a pin pulling oil storage device and a pin collecting and discharging device which are arranged on the cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder;
the oil outlet end and the oil inlet end of the pin pulling oil storage device are correspondingly connected with a pin pulling oil port of the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve and an oil cylinder, and are used for acquiring and storing pressure oil for pin pulling from an oil cavity of the oil cylinder and supplying the pressure oil for pin pulling to the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve during pin pulling;
the oil inlet end and the oil outlet end of the bolt oil collecting and discharging device are correspondingly connected with a bolt oil port and an oil cylinder small cavity of the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve and used for collecting collected oil which flows back to the oil cylinder small cavity through the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve when the bolt acts.
2. The single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic system further comprises a first shuttle valve, two oil inlet ends of the first shuttle valve are respectively communicated with the large cavity and the small cavity of the oil cylinder, and an oil outlet end of the first shuttle valve is communicated with the oil inlet end of the pin pulling and oil storage device.
3. The single-cylinder bolt hydraulic system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pin-pulling oil-accumulating device comprises a first accumulator, a pressure-reducing valve, and a first check valve having an oil inlet connected to the oil outlet of the pressure-reducing valve, the oil outlet of the first check valve and the oil inlet of the pressure-reducing valve respectively form the oil outlet and the oil inlet of the pin-pulling oil-accumulating device, and the first accumulator is connected to the oil outlet of the first check valve.
4. The single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bolt oil collection and discharge device comprises a second check valve and a second accumulator, an oil inlet end and an oil outlet end of the second check valve correspondingly form an oil inlet end and an oil outlet end of the bolt oil collection and discharge device, and the second accumulator is connected to an oil inlet end of the second check valve.
5. The single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system according to claim 3, wherein the cylinder pin is conducted with the pin side oil port of the plug pin selection solenoid valve through the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve when the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve is powered off, and the arm pin pulling mechanism is conducted with the pin side oil port of the plug pin selection solenoid valve through the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve when the cylinder arm pin switching solenoid valve is powered on;
when the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve is powered off, the plug pin oil port is communicated with the pin side oil port, and when the plug pin selection electromagnetic valve is powered on, the plug pin oil port is communicated with the pin side oil port;
the hydraulic system further comprises a cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve and a second shuttle valve which are installed on a cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder, the cylinder pin is connected with a cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve through the second shuttle valve, a cylinder pin oil port of the cylinder arm pin switching electromagnetic valve is connected with a first oil inlet end of the second shuttle valve, the cylinder pin is connected with an oil outlet end of the second shuttle valve, a cylinder pin oil port of the cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve is connected with a second oil inlet end of the second shuttle valve, an emergency pull-out pin oil port of the cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve is connected with an oil inlet end of the first one-way valve, and a bolt oil outlet of the cylinder pin emergency pull-out control valve is connected with an oil inlet end of the bolt collection device; the cylinder pin emergency pulling control valve is normally in a state that a cylinder pin oil port is communicated with an emergency pulling oil port.
6. The single cylinder bolt hydraulic system according to claim 5, wherein the cylinder bolt emergency extraction control valve is an electromagnetic valve, the bolt oil port is communicated with the cylinder bolt oil port when the electromagnetic coil is powered on, and the emergency extraction oil port is communicated with the cylinder bolt oil port when the electromagnetic coil is powered off.
7. The single cylinder plug pin telescopic hydraulic system of claim 5, wherein the cylinder pin emergency extraction control valve is a hydraulic control valve, and a hydraulic control end of the hydraulic control valve is communicated with a pin side oil port of the plug pin selection solenoid valve.
8. The single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system according to claim 1, further comprising a hydraulic control two-position two-way balance valve, wherein the balance valve is connected to an oil path from the main control valve to the large cavity of the cylinder, and a hydraulic control end is connected to an oil path from the main control valve to the small cavity of the cylinder; the upper position of the balance valve is a one-way conduction function position towards the direction of the large cavity of the oil cylinder, and the lower position of the balance valve is a damping function position from the large cavity of the oil cylinder to the direction of the main control valve.
9. The single cylinder bolt hydraulic system of claim 1, wherein the oil outlet of the pin pulling oil storage device and the oil inlet of the bolt oil collection and discharge device are provided with pressure sensors.
10. A telescopic boom crane, characterized by a single cylinder pin telescopic hydraulic system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, said cylinder being mounted in a telescopic boom of the crane.
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| CN202110641527.2A CN113353819B (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system and telescopic boom crane |
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| CN202110641527.2A CN113353819B (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Single-cylinder bolt telescopic hydraulic system and telescopic boom crane |
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| CN114412853A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-29 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | Double-cylinder-head telescopic system and control method |
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| CN113353819B (en) | 2023-03-21 |
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