CN113331274B

CN113331274B - Natural-flowering-based loose Fu tea and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113331274B
Application number: CN202110632439.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙敏; 张楚婕; 杨博宇; 许佳琦; 苗森林; 谢果; 曾桥; 韩万友; 闫明佳
Original assignee: Tonghua Tangyishu Food Co ltd
Current assignee: Tonghua Tangyishu Food Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-07
Filing date: 2021-06-07
Publication date: 2022-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 2041-06-07
Also published as: CN113331274A

Abstract

The invention provides a loose Fu tea based on natural flowering and a preparation method thereof, the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out glaze boiling on raw dark green tea and water, then filtering to obtain filtrate, uniformly mixing the filtrate and the raw dark green tea to obtain a glaze material, and carrying out pile fermentation, steaming, press forming and flowering on the glaze material to obtain a brick tea; then, the tea brick is opened, when the golden flowers in the tea brick are flourishing, the tea brick is crushed into a state before compression molding outside a flowering chamber, then a zein solution with the mass concentration of 2% -10% is uniformly sprayed to fix the golden flowers, then the golden flowers are grown in an environment of 40% -70% at 26-30 ℃, and finally the loose Fu tea is obtained through drying, so that the dropping of the golden flowers can be obviously reduced, and the pollution phenomena of aspergillus niger, penicillium and the like are avoided.

Description

Natural-flowering-based loose Fu tea and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of loose Fu tea preparation, and particularly relates to loose Fu tea based on natural flower growing and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Fuzhuan tea belongs to post-fermented tea and is a black tea product with the most complex processing technology, the longest production processing period and the most unique technology in all teas. The Fuzhuan tea has the advantages of luxuriant internal golden flower, rich fungus fragrance, red and thick soup color after boiling, mellow taste and pure fragrance, and has the effects of helping digestion, invigorating stomach, reducing fat, losing weight, reducing blood sugar, resisting tumor, protecting liver and the like. In recent years, with the improvement of living standard of people, traditional variety of old scented tea with health care efficacy and investment increment, especially the Fuzhuan tea, develops rapidly and attracts much attention in tea products.

However, the traditional Fuzhuan tea has complex processing technology and longer flowering time, the most important is that the brick tea is compact and hard and needs to be pried before drinking, so that the tea is not convenient, and in order to overcome the defects, two solutions are provided: (1) prying tea: before the finished Fuzhuan tea with mature flowers is sold, the finished Fuzhuan tea is pried open and broken into sheets by a sharp tool, and then the finished Fuzhuan tea is packaged for sale. The method solves the problem of inconvenient drinking to a certain extent, but simultaneously, the operation is difficult because the tea brick is dried and the hardness of the tea brick is larger when the tea is pried. And (2) preparing the loose Fu tea by adopting a loose flower process.

At present, the preparation of the loose Fu tea mainly comprises two methods, namely: the dark green tea is screened, stacked, steamed and then placed in a container, certain humidity and temperature are controlled, and natural flowering is carried out. Secondly, the following steps: the method has the advantages that the pollution of the mixed bacteria can be effectively avoided, but the defects are obvious, mainly because the high-pressure sterilization step is adopted in the processing process, the active ingredients in the tea leaves are greatly lost, and the high-temperature treatment has certain influence on the aroma of the tea leaves, so that the product quality is reduced. In addition, the two methods have a common disadvantage: after the blooming is finished, the golden flowers on the tea leaves are easy to fall off in the drying, storing and packaging processes of the tea leaves, so that the quality is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the loose Fu tea based on natural flower growing and the preparation method thereof, the process is simple, high-pressure sterilization is not needed, the loose Fu tea golden flower can be stably fixed on tea leaves, the dropping of golden flower is obviously reduced, and the pollution phenomena of aspergillus niger, penicillium and the like are avoided.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of loose Fu tea based on natural flowering comprises the following steps:

step 1, carrying out glaze boiling on raw dark green tea and water according to the mass ratio of 1 (50-100), and then filtering to obtain filtrate;

step 2, uniformly mixing the filtrate and the raw dark green tea to obtain a glaze material, and sequentially performing pile fermentation, steaming, press forming and flowering on the glaze material to obtain a brick tea;

wherein, the step of flowering is to bloom for 8 to 12 days under the environment that the temperature is between 25 and 30 ℃ and the relative air humidity is between 60 and 80 percent;

and 3, opening the brick tea, when the golden flower in the brick tea is flourishing, crushing the brick tea outside a flower growing chamber to be in a state before compression molding, then uniformly spraying a zein solution with the mass concentration of 2% -10% to fix the golden flower, then growing the flower at 26-30 ℃ in a 40% -70% environment, and finally drying to obtain the loose Fu tea.

Preferably, the raw dark green tea and water are boiled for 20-40 min in the step 1;

concentrating the filtrate by 0.75-0.95 times to obtain glaze juice, and then uniformly mixing the glaze juice and the raw dark green tea to obtain the mixed glaze.

Further, the mass ratio of the glaze juice to the raw dark green tea in the step 2 is 0.2-0.4.

Preferably, the pile fermentation time in the step 2 is 12-18 h, the temperature is 16-28 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 40-80%.

Preferably, the steaming time in the step 2 is 9 to 15s, and the temperature is 102 to 115 ℃.

Preferably, step 3 manually breaks the brick tea within 24 hours.

Preferably, the solvent of the zein solution in the step 3 is edible ethanol, and when the zein solution is sprayed, the zein solution is sprayed twice, wherein the spraying amount is 50-300 ml/Kg loose Fu tea each time.

Further, in the step 3, after the zein solution is sprayed for the first time, airing for 0.5-2 hours, after the surface ethanol is completely volatilized, turning the loose Fu tea over, continuously spraying the zein solution, continuously airing for 0.5-2.5 hours, drying the surface of the loose Fu tea to form a film, and finishing the fixation of the golden flower.

Preferably, in the step 3, the loose Fu tea with the surface dried and film-formed is subjected to flowering for 5 to 8 days at the temperature of 26 to 30 ℃.

The loose Fu tea based on the natural floating is prepared by the preparation method of the loose Fu tea based on the natural floating.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention relates to a preparation method of loose Fu tea based on natural flower growing, which is characterized in that raw dark green tea and water are subjected to glaze boiling according to a certain mass ratio, then the filtrate is obtained through filtration, then certain water content can be controlled when the filtrate is continuously mixed with the raw dark green tea, meanwhile, proper flower growing temperature and humidity are combined, the loose Fu tea is pressed into bricks in the early stage during production, and then the loose Fu tea is fermented in a brick form, so that sundry bacteria can not appear. When 8-12 days, the inner part of the tea is full of golden flowers, the tea is broken, a zein solution with the mass concentration of 2% -10% is uniformly sprayed to form a film on the surface of the tea, the golden flowers can be fixed after the film is dried, the film has good air resistance, oil resistance, fragrance retention and moisture resistance, golden flower fixation can be smoothly carried out, then, the golden flowers grow and the film is dried, meanwhile, as golden flowers become dominant bacteria in the tea, the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria can be avoided, the obtained loose Fu tea has the characteristics of flourishing golden flowers, rich fungus aroma, red and thick soup color and mellow taste, the quality of the loose Fu tea is equivalent to that of brick tea, and meanwhile, the loose Fu tea is convenient to drink. Compared with the diffused flower Fu tea prepared by pure fermentation after high-temperature sterilization, the diffused flower Fu tea prepared by the invention has less loss of nutrient components because of no long-time (20-30 min) high-temperature sterilization, and simultaneously, after the diffused flower Fu tea is crushed at the later stage of flower growing, compared with brick tea, the moisture content is reduced faster because of loose texture, so that the activity of microorganisms is reduced, the nutrition consumed by the microorganisms is reduced, the active components, namely tea polyphenol, flavone and polysaccharide, are higher, and the obtained diffused flower Fu tea golden flower is kept better.

Furthermore, the zein is of an edible grade, is colorless and tasteless, is safe to use, is insoluble in water, is still remained on the surface of the tea leaves during brewing and is insoluble in tea soup, so that the aroma and the taste of the tea leaves are not influenced, the zein is dissolved by diluted edible ethanol, and after the zein is sprayed on the surface of the loose Fu tea, the ethanol volatilizes quickly, so that the loose Fu tea is dried.

In the storage process of the prior Fuzhuan tea, volatile components of the prior Fuzhuan tea are gradually reduced along with the prolonging of time, so that the aroma is gradually lightened, and active components are reduced due to the effects of oxidation and the like. According to the poria cocos tea obtained based on natural flowering, the zein is sprayed on the surface of the tea leaves to form a film, so that the volatilization speed of volatile components is slowed down, the contact between oxygen and the tea leaves is reduced, and the quality of the tea leaves is improved to a certain extent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a loose Fu tea material obtained by crushing the brick tea obtained in example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a real object of the surface golden flower before drying of the tea powder without spraying zein.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of a real object of the dried and bagged (bottom) tea without zein powder.

Fig. 4 is a picture of a dried corn zein powder Fuzhuan tea.

Fig. 5 is a diagram of a dried and bagged (bottom) situation of zein-sprayed Fuzhuan tea.

Fig. 6 is a real diagram of comparison of the dried and bagged (bottom) zein powder Fu tea sprayed and not sprayed.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.

The invention relates to a preparation method of loose Fu tea based on natural flower growing, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Adding water into raw dark green tea for glaze boiling, wherein the ratio of the raw dark green tea to the water is 1kg (50-100 kg), boiling for 20-40 min, filtering, collecting filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to the volume of 0.75-0.95 times of the initial volume to obtain glaze juice;

(2) Adding glaze juice into the raw dark green tea, wherein the mass ratio of the glaze juice to the raw dark green tea is 0.2-0.4, uniformly mixing to obtain a glaze mixture, and sequentially performing pile fermentation, steaming, manual pressing and forming and flowering on the glaze mixture;

wherein the pile fermentation time is 12-18 hours, the pile fermentation temperature is 16-28 ℃, and the humidity of the pile fermentation environment is 40-80%;

steaming for 9-15 seconds at 102-115 deg.c;

the hair is formed at the temperature: 25-30 ℃, relative air humidity: the flower grows for 8 to 12 days in 60 to 80 percent of environment.

(3) And opening the brick tea, and when the golden flowers in the brick tea are flourishing, namely the golden flowers in the brick tea are yellow and flourishing, moving the brick tea out of the flower room.

(4) The brick tea moved out of the flower chamber is manually broken into pieces within 24 hours and is in a state before pressing, and the brick tea cannot be repeatedly kneaded in the operation process, so that the shape of tea leaves is prevented from being damaged, and golden flowers are prevented from falling off. At the moment, the brick tea still has high water content, is relatively soft and is easy to break, and meanwhile, the tea leaves of the brick tea contain certain water, so the brick tea has strong toughness and can keep a complete state. And the golden flowers are not easy to fall off when the brick tea is in a wet state, and flourishing golden flowers are obviously attached to broken tea leaves.

(5) Uniformly spraying a zein solution with the mass concentration of 2-10% on the surface of the Pumao loose Fu tea in the golden flower for golden flower fixation, wherein the zein solution is obtained by dissolving zein in an edible ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 90%, the zein solution is sprayed twice, the spraying amount of each time is 50-300 ml/Kg loose Fu tea, each spraying is carried out in 3-5 steps, the interval between each step is 10-30 min, so that the sprayed ethanol is prevented from being accumulated into drops and losing in time, and the fixation effect is influenced;

after the first spraying, airing for 0.5-2 h, after the surface ethanol is completely volatilized, turning the poria cocos tea over, continuously spraying the zein solution, continuously airing for 0.5-2.5 h, after the surface ethanol is basically completely volatilized, drying the surface to form a film, concentrating the film into a pile, and continuously spraying the zein solution at the temperature of 26-30 ℃ and the relative air humidity: growing flowers for 5-8 days in 40% -70% environment;

zein is sprayed on the surface of tea leaves to form a film, the golden flowers can be fixed after the film is dried, and the film has good air resistance, oil resistance, fragrance retention and moisture resistance.

(6) And drying the tea leaves with complete flower development to obtain the loose Fu tea, and further intensively stacking the dried loose Fu tea so as to be convenient for aging and improving the quality.

The loose Fu tea is stored in a ventilating kraft paper bag in a sealed manner, a ventilating and dry environment is kept in the aging process, and the brick tea is sold on the market after being aged for 1 year. Aging can further promote the conversion of the internal components of the tea, so that the tea has mellow taste, purer aroma and more red and thick liquor color.

Example 1

(1) Adding water into raw dark green tea for glazing, wherein the proportion of the raw dark green tea to the water is 0.5kg: decocting 50.0kg for 30min, filtering, collecting filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to volume 0.9 times of the initial volume to obtain glaze juice;

(2) Adding the glaze juice into the raw dark green tea, wherein the mass ratio of the glaze juice to the raw dark green tea is 0.26, uniformly mixing to obtain a glaze mixture, and sequentially performing pile fermentation, steaming, manual pressing and forming and flowering on the glaze mixture;

wherein the pile fermentation time is 12 hours, the pile fermentation temperature is 26 ℃, and the humidity of the pile fermentation environment is 50%;

steaming for 10 seconds at 105 ℃;

the hair is formed at the temperature: 26 ℃, relative air humidity: it took 10 days to develop in 60% of the environment.

(4) The brick tea moved out of the flower chamber is manually broken and crushed into a state before pressing within 24 hours, the brick tea cannot be repeatedly kneaded in the operation process, broken and crushed tea leaves are shown in figure 1, it is obvious from figure 1 that luxuriant golden flowers are attached to the surface of the loose Fu tea, and the broken loose Fu tea in figure 2 is directly bagged after being dried, wherein the aging process is omitted, because the aging process is mainly closely related to the taste and is not greatly related to the golden flowers, and a large amount of golden flowers can be found to be gathered at the bottom after falling off. Further, as can be seen from fig. 3, the loose fu tea inevitably has friction between the tea leaves due to turning over and the like in the drying process, so that the golden flowers fall off, and particularly, after being bagged, a large amount of golden flowers are obviously found to be gathered at the bottom after falling off.

(5) Uniformly spraying a zein solution with the mass concentration of 3.5% on the surface of the Fuzhuan tea with the Pumao golden flower for golden flower fixation, wherein the zein solution is obtained by dissolving zein in an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 90%, and spraying twice, wherein the spraying amount is 280ml/Kg of the Fuzhuan tea each time;

the first spraying is carried out by 5 steps, the interval between every two steps is 20min, the airing is carried out for 1h after the spraying is finished, after the surface ethanol is completely volatilized, the loose Fu tea is turned over, the zein solution is continuously sprayed, the step time and the interval time are the same as those of the first spraying, the airing is carried out for 1h after the spraying is finished, after the surface ethanol is basically completely volatilized, the surface is dried to form a film, the film is concentrated into a pile, and the relative air humidity is continuously at 26 ℃: blooming for 8 days in 70% environment;

(6) Drying the tea leaves after complete blooming to obtain loose Fu tea, as shown in figure 4, it can be seen that the golden flowers on the surfaces of the tea leaves are not greatly influenced by treatments such as ageing, turning and piling in the drying process, and the loose Fu tea is bagged as shown in figure 5, so that the golden flowers at the bottom of the bag are less, which indicates that the golden flowers do not obviously fall, while the loose Fu tea which is not sprayed with zein can be treated in the same way to indicate that a large number of golden flowers exist at the bottom of the bag, which has been explained in figure 3 before, which indicates that the golden flowers obviously fall. The upper part of the two pairs is sprayed with zein, and the lower part is not sprayed with zein, as shown in fig. 6, the fixation effect of the golden flower is obvious after the zein is sprayed, and the bottom golden flower is obviously less than that of the zein loose Fu tea which is not sprayed.

The dried loose Fu tea is further stacked intensively so as to be convenient for aging and improving the quality.

Example 2

(1) Adding water into raw dark green tea for glazing, wherein the proportion of the raw dark green tea to the water is 1kg: decocting 50kg for 35min, filtering, collecting filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to volume 0.85 times of the initial volume to obtain glaze juice;

(2) Adding the glaze juice into the raw dark green tea, wherein the mass ratio of the glaze juice to the raw dark green tea is 0.3, uniformly mixing to obtain a glaze mixture, and sequentially performing pile fermentation, steaming, manual pressing and forming and flowering on the glaze mixture;

wherein the pile fermentation time is 14 hours, the pile fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, and the humidity of the pile fermentation environment is 56%;

steaming for 11 seconds at 112 ℃;

the hair is formed at the temperature: 27 ℃, relative air humidity: it took 9 days to develop in 70% of the environment.

(4) The tea brick moved out of the flower chamber is manually broken and crushed into a state before pressing within 24 hours, the tea brick cannot be repeatedly kneaded in the operation process, and flourishing golden flowers are obviously attached to broken and crushed tea leaves.

(5) Uniformly spraying a zein solution with the mass concentration of 4.5% on the surface of the Fuzhuan tea with the Pumao golden flower for golden flower fixation, wherein the zein solution is obtained by dissolving zein in an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 90%, and the spraying is performed twice, and the spraying amount is 250ml/Kg for each time;

the first spraying is carried out by 4 steps, the interval of each step is 25min, the airing is carried out for 1.5 hours after the spraying is finished, after the surface ethanol is completely volatilized, the loose Fu tea is turned over, the zein solution is continuously sprayed, the step-by-step and interval time is the same as that of the first time, the airing is carried out for 2 hours after the spraying is finished, after the surface ethanol is basically completely volatilized, the surface is dried to form a film, the film is concentrated into a pile, and the relative air humidity is continuously at 28 ℃: blossoming for 6 days in 50% environment;

Example 3

(1) Adding water into raw dark green tea for glaze boiling, wherein the ratio of the raw dark green tea to the water is 0.75kg: decocting 50kg for 40min, filtering, collecting filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to volume 0.75 times of the initial volume to obtain glaze juice;

(2) Adding the glaze juice into the raw dark green tea, wherein the mass ratio of the glaze juice to the raw dark green tea is 0.35, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed glaze material, and sequentially performing pile fermentation, steaming, manual pressing and forming and flowering on the mixed glaze material;

wherein the pile fermentation time is 18 hours, the pile fermentation temperature is 20 ℃, and the humidity of the pile fermentation environment is 55%;

steaming for 12 seconds at a temperature of 114 ℃;

the bloom is measured at temperature: 28 ℃, relative air humidity: it took 8 days to develop 75% of the environment.

(5) Uniformly spraying a zein solution with the mass concentration of 9% on the surface of the Fuzhuan tea with the Pumao golden flower for golden flower fixation, wherein the zein solution is obtained by dissolving zein in an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 90%, and spraying twice, wherein the spraying amount is 120ml/Kg of the Fuzhuan tea each time;

the first spraying is carried out by 3 steps, the interval of each step is 15min, the drying is carried out for 1.3h after the spraying is finished, the loose Fu tea is turned over after the surface ethanol is completely volatilized, the zein solution is continuously sprayed, the drying is carried out for 1.3h by the same step and interval time as the first time, the surface is dried to form a film after the surface ethanol is basically completely volatilized, the film is then concentrated into a pile, and the relative air humidity is continuously controlled at 28 ℃: blossoming for 7 days in 45% environment;

Example 4

(1) Adding water into raw dark green tea for glazing, wherein the proportion of the raw dark green tea to the water is 1kg: decocting 50kg for 25min, filtering, collecting filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to volume 0.95 times of the initial volume to obtain glaze juice;

(2) Adding the glaze juice into the raw dark green tea, wherein the mass ratio of the glaze juice to the raw dark green tea is 0.28, uniformly mixing to obtain a glaze mixture, and sequentially performing pile fermentation, steaming, manual pressing and forming and flowering on the glaze mixture;

wherein the pile fermentation time is 13 hours, the pile fermentation temperature is 26 ℃, and the humidity of the pile fermentation environment is 65%;

steaming for 9 seconds at 102 ℃;

the hair is formed at the temperature: 29 ℃, relative air humidity: it took 8 days to develop in 63% of the environment.

(5) Uniformly spraying a zein solution with the mass concentration of 5% on the surface of the Fuzhuan tea with the Pumao golden flower for golden flower fixation, wherein the zein solution is obtained by dissolving zein in an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 90%, and the spraying is performed twice, and the spraying amount is 180ml/Kg for each time;

the first spraying is carried out by 4 steps, the interval of each step is 20min, the airing is carried out for 0.5h after the spraying is finished, the poria cocos tea is turned over after the surface ethanol is completely volatilized, the zein solution is continuously sprayed, the step-by-step and interval time are the same as those of the first spraying, the airing is continuously carried out for 0.5h after the spraying is finished, after the surface ethanol is basically completely volatilized, the surface is dried to form a film, the film is then concentrated into a pile, and the relative air humidity is continuously controlled at 27 ℃: blossoming for 8 days in 55% environment;

(6) And drying the tea leaves after complete blooming to obtain the loose Fu tea, and further stacking the dried loose Fu tea in a centralized manner so as to be convenient for aging and improving the quality.

Claims

1. A preparation method of loose Fu tea based on natural flowering is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, carrying out glaze boiling on raw dark green tea and water according to the mass ratio of 1 (50-100), then filtering to obtain filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate by 0.75-0.95 times to obtain glaze juice;

step 2, uniformly mixing the glaze juice and the dark green tea to obtain a glaze mixture, and sequentially performing pile fermentation, steaming, compression molding and flowering on the glaze mixture to obtain a brick tea;

wherein, the step of flowering is that the flowering lasts for 8 to 12 days under the environment that the temperature is 25 to 30 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 60 to 80 percent;

and 3, opening the tea brick, moving the tea brick out of a flower-making chamber when the golden flower in the tea brick is flourishing, crushing the tea brick out of the flower-making chamber to a state before compression molding, then uniformly spraying a zein solution with the mass concentration of 2% -10% for golden flower fixation, wherein the zein solution is edible ethanol as a solvent, spraying the zein solution twice when the zein solution is sprayed, wherein the spraying amount is 50-300 ml/Kg each time of loose fu tea, airing for 0.5-2 h after the zein solution is sprayed for the first time, turning over the loose fu tea after the surface ethanol is completely volatilized, continuously spraying the zein solution, continuing for 0.5-2.5 h, drying the surface of the loose fu tea to form a film, completing the fixation of the golden flower, then carrying out flower making in an environment of 40% -70% at 26-30 ℃, and finally drying to obtain the loose fu tea.

2. The preparation method of the loose Fu tea based on natural flower growing according to claim 1, wherein the raw dark green tea and water are glazed in step 1 and boiled for 20-40 min.

3. The preparation method of the loose Fu tea based on the natural flowering according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the glaze juice to the raw dark green tea in the step 2 is 0.2-0.4.

4. The preparation method of the naturally flowering-based poria cocos tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pile fermentation time in the step 2 is 12-18 hours, the temperature is 16-28 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 40-80%.

5. The preparation method of the loose Fu tea based on the natural hair of claim 1, wherein the steaming time in the step 2 is 9-15 s and the temperature is 102-115 ℃.

6. The method for preparing loose Fu tea based on natural flowering according to claim 1, wherein the tea brick moved out of the flower chamber is manually broken within 24h in step 3.

7. The preparation method of the loose Fu tea based on natural flowering according to claim 1, wherein the loose Fu tea with the dried and film-formed surface is subjected to flowering for 5-8 days at 26-30 ℃ in the step 3.

8. A natural-flowering-based loose Fu tea obtained by the preparation method of the natural-flowering-based loose Fu tea in any one of claims 1 to 7.