CN113330966A - Slope vegetation recovery method adopting combination of creeping plants and positive pioneer plants - Google Patents
Slope vegetation recovery method adopting combination of creeping plants and positive pioneer plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN113330966A CN113330966A CN202110430959.9A CN202110430959A CN113330966A CN 113330966 A CN113330966 A CN 113330966A CN 202110430959 A CN202110430959 A CN 202110430959A CN 113330966 A CN113330966 A CN 113330966A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention provides a method for restoring slope vegetation by combining creeping plants and positive pioneer plants, which comprises the following steps: creeping plants rooted on the artificial bunch planting nodes; inserting a planting pipe into the ground bedding layer of the creeping plants according to a set distance, wherein the pipe wall of the lower part of the planting pipe is provided with a through hole, and pioneer shrub plants are planted in the planting pipe. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the tubular planting shrubs and the hole planting creeping ground cover plants are adopted, so that the ground cover plants with strong coverage can be quickly formed, and the slope upper vegetation can be flexibly constructed according to the characteristics of the slope environment, thereby creating a slope three-dimensional plant community structure, not only realizing the multi-level reduction of the scouring force of rainwater and the control of slope runoff, but also promoting the slope vegetation to develop towards the three-dimensional community structure and forming stable slope vegetation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for recovering slope vegetation by combining creeping plants and positive pioneer plants.
Background
The slope vegetation recovery technology is mainly used for forming slope vegetation in a natural growth and natural succession mode through a seed spray sowing technology, a plant planting mode and a blanket type plant planting mode at present. The seed spray-seeding technology is a mode of spraying seeds on the surface layer of the slope soil through a spray-seeding machine and covering maintenance measures such as non-woven fabrics, and the like, wherein the plants are mainly gramineae plants such as bermuda grass, tall fescue, ryegrass and the like and leguminous plants such as broad bean, fava bean, silvia albiziae and the like, and the plants have the characteristics of large seed quantity, sufficient seed source, high germination rate and quick vegetation recovery. The plant planting mode refers to a mode of planting cultivated seedlings on site on a soil slope or a slope for engineering protection by using ecological bags, and the plants are usually required to have the characteristics of strong adaptability and good landscape effect and are mostly garden seedlings. The blanket type plant planting mode mainly comprises the mode of paving seed nets, seed blankets or fresh branches and the like, so that the slope surface recovers the vegetation effect.
Above seed spray-seeding technique, plant mode and blanket plant planting mode, all be natural growth and natural succession mode, the community structure is difficult to control, the later stage vegetation degradation appears often or form the population phenomenon of single advantage, selected plant is mostly upright shape herbaceous plant and shrub plant, and because of planting or too big or undersize scheduling problem of seed density, it is unstable to appear the community structure of plant at last, it is single shrub layer or herbaceous layer phenomenon to be, "empty foot" phenomenon is very obvious, soil and water conservation effect is relatively poor, need to cover measures such as non-woven fabrics in order to reduce domatic runoff earlier stage often. The seed spray-seeding technology is particularly characterized in that the germination of plant seeds and the growth of plants are unstable and the vegetation coverage is difficult to control due to the influence of various factors such as the quality of the seeds, the external natural environment conditions, the maintenance technology and the like. The blanket type plant planting method needs to consider planting medium materials and thickness of a blanket, soil characteristics of a slope surface and the like, plant growth is mixed, and the problems of plant growth competition and uncontrollable community structure also occur.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention discloses a method for restoring the vegetation of the side slope by combining the creeping plants and the positive pioneer plants, which can play a strong role in retaining water and fixing soil and improve the ecological environment of the soil.
In contrast, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of slope vegetation restoration employing a combination of creeping plants and positive pioneer plants, comprising:
creeping plants rooted on the artificial bunch planting nodes;
the method comprises the following steps of inserting a planting pipe into a ground bedding layer of the creeping plants according to a set distance and exposing the ground, wherein through holes are formed in the lower pipe wall of the planting pipe, and pioneer shrub plants are planted in the planting pipe.
By adopting the technical scheme, the stoloniferous plants rooted on the nodes can be planted in the artificial holes to quickly form vegetation on the slope surface crust, namely lower-layer vegetation, aiming at the soil slope or the side slope with the soil layer thickness of more than 12cm, and meanwhile, the plant stems can be rooted on the nodes, pricked into the soil layer and form a dense root system net, so that the strong water retention and soil fixation effects are achieved, and the soil ecological environment is improved. Meanwhile, the planting pipe is inserted into the creeping ground bedding layer according to a certain distance, the pipe wall of the lower part of the planting pipe is provided with a through hole, the planting pipe is mainly used for planting high-degree pioneer shrub plants, so that reasonable shrub planting density can be controlled, the cooperation relation of underground parts among the plants can be promoted through the planting pipe with holes at the lower end, simultaneously avoids creeping or creeping plants from winding and covering shrubs, which is easy to cause the death of shrub plants, therefore, the pipe type planting of shrubs and the hole planting of creeping ground cover plants can not only quickly form ground cover plants with strong coverage, but also flexibly construct vegetation on the upper layer of the slope according to the characteristics of the slope environment, thereby not only realizing multi-level reduction of the scouring force of rainwater and controlling the slope runoff, and promote the slope vegetation to develop towards a three-dimensional community structure, form stable slope vegetation.
As a further improvement of the invention, the through hole is arranged at the position 1/3-1/2 at the lower end of the planting tube.
As a further improvement of the invention, the aperture of the through hole is 4-8 mm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the planting pipe is a round pipe, the diameter of the planting pipe is 10-30cm, and the length of the planting pipe is 30-40 cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the planting pipe is exposed to the ground by 10-15 cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the planting density in the planting tube is about 1-2 plants. Further preferably, the height of the seedlings in the planting tubes is 10-20 cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the pioneer shrub plant is one or a combination of more than two of wintergreen, myrtle, veronica officinalis, wild peony, bougainvillea trifoliata, himalayan, oleander, swamp peas, fava beans, flowery knotweed herb and sophora japonica.
As a further improvement of the invention, the planting pipe is fixed by digging holes on the ground or fixed by reinforcing steel bars and rivets.
As a further improvement of the invention, the creeping plant is one or the combination of more than two of wedelia chinensis, bermuda grass, lobular paving banyan, copper cash grass, false peanut, centella asiatica, creeping oxalis and trilobate gold.
As a further improvement of the method, the stoloniferous plants are planted by stem node cuttage or seed sowing, the planting density is 3-5 stem nodes per hole or 4-6 seeds per hole, and the hole spacing is 20-30 cm.
As a further improvement of the method, the creeping plant is wedelia chinensis, stem strips are adopted for direct cutting planting, 3-4 roots are cut in each hole, and the row spacing of the plants is (10 cm-15 cm) × (20cm-30 cm); the pioneer shrub plant is winterred, the winterred is planted by cutting seedlings, the row spacing of the planted plants is (30 cm-40 cm) × (30 cm-40 cm), and further the row spacing of the planted plants of the winterred is 30cm × 30cm or 40cm × 40 cm;
or the creeping plant is the copper cash grass, and is planted by using separate seedlings, 5-6 roots are planted in each hole, and the row spacing is (15 cm-20 cm) × (15 cm-20 cm); the pioneer shrub plant is winterred, the winterred is planted by cutting seedlings, the row spacing of the planted plants is (30 cm-40 cm) × (30 cm-40 cm), and further the row spacing of the planted plants of the winterred is 30cm × 30cm or 40cm × 40 cm;
or the creeping plants are ficus microcarpa, cutting seedlings are adopted for planting, 1 plant is planted in each hole, and the row spacing of the plants is (15 cm-20 cm) × (15 cm-20 cm); the pioneer shrub plant is a Tamarindus indica, is planted by adopting seedlings, and has a planting row spacing of (20cm-30cm) × (20cm-30cm), and further has a planting row spacing of 20cm × 20cm or 30cm × 30 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the creeping plants rooted on the nodes, such as ficus microcarpa, wedelia, pseudogroundnut, palustris and the like, are planted in the artificial holes aiming at the soil slope or the slope with the soil layer thickness of more than 12cm, so that the vegetation on the horizon layer, namely the lower vegetation is quickly formed, and meanwhile, the plant nodes can root and take the nodes, and penetrate into the soil layer to form a dense root system network, thereby playing a strong role in retaining water and fixing soil and improving the ecological environment of the soil. Meanwhile, a circular pipe with the diameter of 10-30cm and the height of 30-40cm is inserted between creeping ground cover layers according to a certain distance, the 1/3-1/2 position at the lower end of the circular pipe is provided with a pore (the aperture is 4-8 mm), the circular pipe is mainly used for planting pioneer shrub plants such as winter red, myrtle, spring flowers, wild peonies and the like, the reasonable shrub planting density can be controlled, the cooperation relation of the underground parts among the plants can be promoted through the circular pipe with the pore at the lower end, meanwhile, the creeping or climbing plants are prevented from winding and covering the shrubs, and the shrub plants are easy to die, so that the pipe-type planting shrubs and the hole-planting creeping ground cover plants can be quickly formed, the vegetation on the upper layer of the slope can be flexibly constructed according to the characteristics of the slope environment, the slope three-dimensional plant community structure can be built, and the scouring force of multi-level rainwater can be reduced, controlling the slope runoff and promoting the slope vegetation to develop towards a three-dimensional community structure to form stable slope vegetation. After the plant is repaired for 2.5-4 months, the height of the shrub plant can reach 45-80cm, and the shrub plant is combined with the lower layer plant, so that the coverage is more than 95%.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
Aiming at soil side slopes or side slopes with the soil layer thickness of more than 12cm, creeping plants taking roots on the nodes are planted in artificial holes, such as wedelia chinensis, bermuda grass, lobular ficus microcarpa, copper coin, pseudogroundnut, centella asiatica, creeping oxalis, three-point gold and the like, the creeping plants and the tillering capacity are very strong, the soil surface layer can be quickly covered by stem node propagation and seed propagation, and the stems take roots section by section and prick into the soil layer, so that the soil layer is full of a reticular root system net, and the water and soil retention effect is very good. Mainly adopts stem node cuttage or seed sowing, the planting density is stem node (3-5 pieces/hole) or seed (4-6 pieces/hole), and the hole distance is 20-30 cm. After 2.5-4 months, the slope coverage rate reaches more than 95%. The stoloniferous plants can quickly form vegetation on the sloping surface horizon, namely lower vegetation, and the plant stem nodes can nodal and root, penetrate into the soil layer and form a dense root system net, so that the strong water retention and soil fixation effects are achieved, and the soil ecological environment is improved.
Meanwhile, a planting circular pipe with the diameter of 10-30cm and the length of 30-40cm is inserted between the creeping ground cover layers according to a certain distance, the circular pipe is exposed out of the ground by 10-15cm, and the 1/3-1/2 position at the lower end of the circular pipe is provided with a pore (the pore diameter is 4-8 mm), the circular pipe is mainly used for planting high-degree pioneer shrub plants such as winterred, downy rosewood, spring flowers, wild peony, bougainvillea, Ximeili, oleander, wild green beans, pig fagopyrum rubrum, flowery glory and sophora bipodocarpum, and the plants are used as slope greening shrub layer plants or upper layer plants which are pleasantly light, drought-resistant and barren, fast in growth and strong in tillering capacity, belong to positive pioneer shrub plants and are combined with the creeping ground cover plants rooted on the joints to form a slope vegetation type with strong water and soil retention function and good landscape effect. The planting mode is as follows: firstly, the integrated seedlings cultivated by the round tubes in advance can be directly dug on the slope surface for placement or the round tubes can be fixed by reinforcing steel bars, rivets and the like; secondly, fixing the circular tube on the slope, and then directly planting the cultivated shrub plant seedlings (10-20 cm high) in the circular tube, wherein the planting density of the shrubs in the circular tube is about 1-2. After 2.5-4 months, the height of the shrub plant can reach 45-80cm, and the shrub plant is combined with the lower layer plant, so that the coverage is more than 95%.
The following description will be given with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a planting combination mode of winter red (pioneer shrub plants) and wedelia chinensis (creeping plants rooted on joints) is adopted on the side slope.
Wherein the winterred is planted by cutting seedlings, the height of the seedlings is 20-30cm, young branches and tender shoots are cut off during planting, only 2-3 branches are left, and the row spacing of the planted plants is 30cm multiplied by 30cm or 40cm multiplied by 40 cm. After 2-3 months of growth, the number of new branches germinated in winter red reaches 4-6, the growth length of a single branch reaches 60-100cm, the crown width reaches (40-60 cm) multiplied by (40 cm-80 cm), the effect of covering the slope surface is good, and the shrub coverage per square meter reaches more than 90%. The wedelia chinensis is used as a plant directly covering the surface of the slope, the plant is directly planted by stem cutting, 3-4 roots are planted in each hole in a cuttage mode, the plant row spacing is (10 cm-15 cm) × (20cm-30cm), the rooting capacity of the plant is high after planting, moreover, the roots are fixed section by section and tillered to grow, the self propagation capacity is high, after 1.5-2 months, the wedelia chinensis almost completely covers the slope, namely, the coverage rate of the slope vegetation is about 100%, and the plant almost blooms all the year round, and the water and soil conservation and the slope landscape effect are good.
Example 2
In the embodiment, a combined planting mode of winter red (pioneer shrub plants) + copper cash grass (stoloniferous plants rooted on the joints) is adopted on the side slope.
Wherein the winterred is planted by cutting seedlings, the height of the seedlings is 20-30cm, young branches and tender shoots are cut off during planting, only 2-3 branches are left, and the row spacing of the planted plants is 30cm multiplied by 30cm or 40cm multiplied by 40 cm. After 2-3 months of growth, the number of new branches germinated in winter red reaches 4-6, the growth length of a single branch reaches 80-120cm, the crown width reaches (40-60 cm) multiplied by (40-80 cm), the effect of covering the slope surface is good, and the shrub coverage per square meter reaches over 90%. The pennisetum hydridum is used as a slope surface to directly cover plants, the plants are planted in separate seedlings, 5-6 roots are planted in each hole, the row spacing of the plants is (15 cm-20 cm) × (15 cm-20 cm), the root fixing capacity of the plants is strong after planting, the plants grow on the slope surface by virtue of stem walking and node-by-node rooting and tillering, the self-propagation capacity is strong, the pennisetum hydridum almost completely covers the slope surface after 2-3 months, so that the slope vegetation coverage rate reaches over 96%, and good water and soil conservation and slope landscape effects are formed.
Example 3
In the embodiment, a combined planting mode of the prunus mume (pioneer shrub plants) and the ficus microcarpa (creeping plants rooted on the joints) is adopted on the side slope.
Wherein the wheel plum is planted by adopting seedling, the height of the seedling is 20-30cm, no branch exists, the terminal bud is cut off during planting, the lateral branch is promoted to germinate, and the row spacing of the plants is 20cm multiplied by 20cm or 30cm multiplied by 30 cm. After 2-3 months of growth, lateral buds of the prunus mume continuously grow, the number of new germinated branches reaches 3-6, the growth length of a single branch is about 15-30cm, the crown width reaches (30-40 cm) × (30 cm-40 cm), the effect of covering a slope surface is good, and the coverage of shrubs per square meter reaches over 90%. The ficus microcarpa as a slope surface is directly covered with plants, cutting seedlings are directly adopted for planting, no branch exists, 1 plant is planted in each hole, the row spacing of the plant is (15 cm-20 cm) × (15 cm-20 cm), the growth and root fixing are fast after planting, tillering is carried out by depending on the stem base part and the stem, the root is gradually grown on the slope surface and tillering growth is carried out, the self propagation capacity is strong, after 2-3 months, 6-8 creeping stems newly germinated by ficus microcarpa are paved, most of the stems can grow to 40-80cm, the coverage rate of the plant on the surface is extremely high, the slope surface coverage rate reaches more than 96%, and the water and soil conservation and the side slope landscape effect are good.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for restoring vegetation on a side slope by combining creeping plants and positive pioneer plants is characterized by comprising the following steps: it includes:
creeping plants rooted on the artificial bunch planting nodes;
the method comprises the following steps of inserting a planting pipe into a ground bedding layer of the creeping plants according to a set distance and exposing the ground, wherein through holes are formed in the lower pipe wall of the planting pipe, and pioneer shrub plants are planted in the planting pipe.
2. The method of claim 1 for recovering slope vegetation employing a combination of stoloniferous plants and positive pioneer plants, wherein: the through hole is arranged at the position 1/3-1/2 at the lower end of the planting tube.
3. The method of claim 2 for recovering slope vegetation employing a combination of stoloniferous plants and positive pioneer plants, wherein: the aperture of the through hole is 4-8 mm.
4. The method of claim 3 for recovering slope vegetation employing a combination of stoloniferous plants and positive pioneer plants, wherein: the planting pipe is a circular pipe, the diameter of the planting pipe is 10-30cm, the length of the planting pipe is 30-40cm, and the planting pipe is exposed out of the ground by 10-15 cm.
5. The method of claim 4 for recovering slope vegetation employing a combination of stoloniferous plants and positive pioneer plants, wherein: in the planting tube, the planting density is about 1-2 plants.
6. The method of claim 2 for recovering slope vegetation employing a combination of stoloniferous plants and positive pioneer plants, wherein: the pioneer shrub plant is one or more of wintergreen, myrtle, spring flower, wild peony, bougainvillea trifoliata, Ximei, oleander, radix sophorae tonkinensis, herba fagopyri hydropiperis, common flowery knotweed herb and double-pod sophora japonica.
7. The method of claim 2 for recovering slope vegetation employing a combination of stoloniferous plants and positive pioneer plants, wherein: the planting pipe is fixed by digging holes on the ground or fixed by steel bars and rivets.
8. The method of claim 1 for recovering slope vegetation employing a combination of stoloniferous plants and positive pioneer plants, wherein: the creeping plant is one or more of wedeloa chinensis, Bermuda grass, Ficus bengalensis, copper cash, pseudopeanut, centella asiatica, creeping oxalis and herba Dichroae.
9. The method of claim 1 for recovering slope vegetation employing a combination of stoloniferous plants and positive pioneer plants, wherein: the stoloniferous plants are planted by stem knot cuttage or seed sowing, the planting density is 3-5 stem knots or 4-6 seeds per hole, and the hole distance is 20-30 cm.
10. The method for recovering vegetation from a slope employing a combination of stoloniferous plants and positive pioneer plants according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the creeping plant is wedelia chinensis, stem strips are directly used for cutting and planting, 3-4 roots are cut in each hole, and the plant row spacing is (10 cm-15 cm) multiplied by (20cm-30 cm); the pioneer shrub plant is winterred, the winterred is planted by cutting seedlings, and the row spacing of the planted plants is (30 cm-40 cm) × (30 cm-40 cm);
or the creeping plant is the copper cash grass, and is planted by using separate seedlings, 5-6 roots are planted in each hole, and the row spacing is (15 cm-20 cm) × (15 cm-20 cm); the pioneer shrub plant is winterred, the winterred is planted by cutting seedlings, and the row spacing of the planted plants is (30 cm-40 cm) × (30 cm-40 cm);
or the creeping plants are ficus microcarpa, cutting seedlings are adopted for planting, 1 plant is planted in each hole, and the row spacing of the plants is (15 cm-20 cm) × (15 cm-20 cm); the pioneer shrub plant is a Tamarigold, and is planted by adopting seedlings, and the row spacing of the planted plants is (20cm-30cm) × (20cm-30 cm).
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