CN113325460A - Device and method for adjusting radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant of radon exhalation rate standard device - Google Patents
Device and method for adjusting radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant of radon exhalation rate standard device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The device and the method for adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of the standard device for the radon exhalation rate are characterized in that one end of a filter membrane in the device is connected with a measuring chamber of a measuring instrument through a pipeline, the other end of the filter membrane is connected with a drying pipe through a pipeline, the other end of the drying pipe is connected with a radon collection cover through a pipeline, one end of a pump is connected with the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument through a pipeline, the other end of the pump is connected with the radon collection cover through a pipeline, an air outlet connector and an air inlet connector are respectively installed on a compact material plate, the air outlet connector is connected with an adjustable micro pump through a pipeline, the other end of the adjustable micro pump is connected with a flow meter through a pipeline, the other end of the flow meter is connected with a flow type radon source through a pipeline, and the other end of the flow type radon source is connected with the air inlet connector through a pipeline. The measuring method comprises a conventional radon exhalation rate measuring process and a process of adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of a radon exhalation rate standard device, and the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of an adjustable micropump in the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nuclear radiation detection technology, in particular to a device and a method for adjusting radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant of a radon exhalation rate standard device by using a gas flow type radon source.
Background
Radon in the air environment mainly comes from precipitation on the surface of media such as soil, and various methods and instruments are used for measuring the precipitation rate of radon on the surface of the media. Because the radon exhalation rate of the surface of a medium such as soil greatly changes with the temperature, the humidity and the air pressure of the environment, a radon exhalation rate standard device which is not influenced by the temperature, the humidity and the air pressure of the environment is needed for testing the accuracy and the reliability of the method and the instrument for measuring the radon exhalation rate of the surface of the medium. Researchers have proposed that the effective decay constant can be arbitrarily adjusted by using the number and area of the leak holes, but in practical practice, the effective decay constant deviates from the preset value due to the influence of dust accumulated in the holes, and the accuracy of the device is affected.
The conventional radon exhalation rate measuring device is shown in the attached figure 2 and comprises a measuring instrument 1, a filter membrane 2, a drying tube 3, a radon collection cover 4 and a pump 5.
One end of the filter membrane 2 is connected with a measuring chamber of the measuring instrument 1 through a pipeline, the other end of the filter membrane 2 is connected with the drying tube 3 through a pipeline, the other end of the drying tube 3 is connected with the radon collecting cover 4 through a pipeline, one end of the pump 5 is connected with the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument 1 through a pipeline, and the other end of the pump 5 is connected with the radon collecting cover 4 through a pipeline.
The process of measuring the radon exhalation rate by adopting the conventional radon exhalation rate measuring device is as follows:
the radon collection cover 4 with an opening on one side is buckled on the surface of a medium to be measured, radon atoms in the medium escape from the surface and enter the radon collection cover 4 under the action of diffusion and seepage, so that the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 4 changes, the pump 5 pumps the radon in the radon collection cover 4 collection chamber into the measurement chamber of the measurement instrument 1 after filtering daughter by the drying tube 3 and the filter membrane 2 at a constant flow rate, and the flow rate is 0.5-15L/min, so that the radon concentration in the measurement chamber of the measurement instrument 1 is balanced with the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 4.
Because the flow rate of the pump 5 is large, the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument 1 is equal to the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover 4, and the radon concentration C (t) in the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument 1 is as follows:
λe＝λ+λb+λleak (2)
wherein: j is the radon exhalation rate on the surface of the medium to be detected; s is the bottom area of the radon collection cover 4; v is the space volume of the radon collecting cover 4; lambda [ alpha ]eIs effective decay constant including decay constant lambda of radon and leakage coefficient lambda of radon in radon collecting cover 4leakAnd back diffusion coefficient lambdab(ii) a t is the radon collecting time.
The solution of formula (1) is:
C0being the ambient radon concentration, negligible, equation (3) can be varied as:
the radon exhalation rate can be obtained through linear or nonlinear fitting according to the change rule of the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 4 measured by a plurality of measurement periods.
The accuracy and reliability of the method and the instrument for detecting the radon exhalation rate on the surface of the measuring medium on a standard device are insufficient only by comparing under a certain specific effective decay constant condition, and a method capable of randomly adjusting the effective decay constant is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a device and a method for adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of a radon exhalation rate standard device by using a gas flow type radon source.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the device for adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of the radon exhalation rate standard device comprises a measuring instrument, a filter membrane, a drying tube, a radon collection cover and a pump. One end of the filter membrane is connected with a measuring chamber of a measuring instrument through a pipeline, the other end of the filter membrane is connected with the drying pipe through a pipeline, the other end of the drying pipe is connected with the radon collecting cover through a pipeline, one end of the pump is connected with the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument through a pipeline, and the other end of the pump is connected with the radon collecting cover through a pipeline.
The device for adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of the radon exhalation rate standard device further comprises a compact material plate, an air outlet connector, an air inlet connector, a gas flowing type radon source, an adjustable micropump and a flowmeter. The air outlet connector and the air inlet connector are respectively arranged on the compact material plate, the air outlet connector is connected with the adjustable micropump through a pipeline, the other end of the adjustable micropump is connected with the flowmeter through a pipeline, the other end of the flowmeter is connected with the air flow type radon source through a pipeline, and the other end of the air flow type radon source is connected with the air inlet connector through a pipeline.
The flow meter is used to measure the flow rate of the adjustable micropump.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of a radon exhalation rate standard device is adopted.
The specific measurement process is as follows:
A. the radon collecting cover with an opening on one surface is buckled on the surface of a medium to be measured, because radon atoms in the medium escape from the surface and enter the radon collecting cover under the action of diffusion and seepage, the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover changes, the pump always pumps the radon in the radon collecting cover collecting chamber into a measuring chamber of a measuring instrument through a drying pipe and a filter membrane to filter daughter at a constant flow rate, and the flow rate is 0.5-15L/min, so that the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument is balanced with the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover.
Because the flow rate of the pump is large, the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument is equal to the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover, and the radon concentration C (t) in the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument is as follows:
λe＝λ+λb+λleak (2)
wherein: j is the radon exhalation rate on the surface of the medium to be detected; s is the bottom area of the radon collection cover; v is the space volume of the radon collecting cover; lambda [ alpha ]eIs effective decay constant including decay constant lambda of radon and leakage coefficient lambda of radon in radon collecting coverleakAnd back diffusion coefficient lambdab(ii) a t is the radon collecting time.
The solution of formula (1) is:
C0being the ambient radon concentration, negligible, equation (3) can be varied as:
B. the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of the radon exhalation rate standard device are adjusted by utilizing a gas-flowing radon source, during measurement, a radon collection cover is buckled on a compact material plate, and an air outlet joint and an air inlet joint are covered in the radon collection cover.
As can be seen from the formula (4), the radon exhalation rate standard device can be used as long as the radon concentration in the radon collection cover is controlled to change according to the formula (4).
Because the radon collecting cover is well sealed with the surface of the compact material plate, the leakage rate is not considered, and the back diffusion is not considered for the compact material plate.
The two-sided derivation of equation (4) can be obtained:
the flow rate of the adjustable micropump is set to be L (t), the activity of radon generated by the gas flow type radon source in unit time is set to be A, and due to the fact that the volume of a gap in the gas flow type radon source is very small, the radon generated by the gas flow type radon source can be approximately considered to be completely pumped out by the adjustable micropump, and under the action of the adjustable micropump, the concentration of radon in the radon collection cover is changed into:
substituting formula (5) for formula (6):
substituting formula (4) for formula (7):
the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the adjustable micropump according to the formula (8).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
the measuring device and the measuring method provided by the invention are simple, the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant can be adjusted at will, and the measuring device and the measuring method can be used for testing the accuracy and reliability of the method and the instrument for measuring the radon exhalation rate on the surface of the medium.
The detailed structure of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and measurement process of the radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant adjusting standard device for radon exhalation rate provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and the measurement process of the conventional radon exhalation rate measurement device.
Detailed Description
The embodiment I provides a device for adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of a radon exhalation rate standard device, which comprises a measuring instrument 1, a filter membrane 2, a drying tube 3, a radon collection cover 4, a pump 5, a dense material plate 6, an air outlet joint 7, an air inlet joint 8, a gas flow type radon source 9, an adjustable micro pump 10 and a flowmeter 11.
One end of the filter membrane 2 is connected with a measuring chamber of the measuring instrument 1 through a pipeline, the other end of the filter membrane 2 is connected with the drying tube 3 through a pipeline, the other end of the drying tube 3 is connected with the radon collecting cover 4 through a pipeline, one end of the pump 5 is connected with the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument 1 through a pipeline, the other end of the pump 5 is connected with the radon collecting cover 4 through a pipeline, the air outlet connector 7 and the air inlet connector 8 are respectively installed on the dense material plate 6, the air outlet connector 7 is connected with the adjustable micro pump 10 through a pipeline, the other end of the adjustable micro pump 10 is connected with the flow meter 11 through a pipeline, the other end of the flow meter 11 is connected with the gas flow type radon source 9 through a pipeline, and the other end of the gas flow type radon source 9 is connected with the air inlet connector 8 through a pipeline.
The flow meter 11 is used to measure the flow rate of the adjustable micropump 10.
The second embodiment adopts the device for adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of the radon exhalation rate standard device as described in the first embodiment to adjust the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of the radon exhalation rate standard device, and comprises a conventional radon exhalation rate measuring process and a process for adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of the radon exhalation rate standard device by using a gas-flowing radon source, wherein the specific measuring process is as follows:
A. routine radon exhalation rate measurement process
The conventional radon exhalation rate measuring process is shown in the attached figure 2, a radon collection cover 4 with an opening on one surface is buckled on the surface of a medium to be measured, radon atoms in the medium escape from the surface and enter the radon collection cover 4 under the action of diffusion and seepage, so that the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 4 is changed, a pump 5 pumps radon in a collection chamber of the radon collection cover 4 into a measuring chamber of a measuring instrument 1 at a constant flow rate after filtering out daughter bodies through a drying pipe 3 and a filter membrane 2, and the flow rate is 0.5-15 liters/minute, so that the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument 1 is balanced with the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 4.
Because the flow rate of the pump 5 is large, the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument 1 is equal to the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover 4, and the radon concentration C (t) in the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument 1 is as follows:
λe＝λ+λb+λleak (2)
wherein: j is the radon exhalation rate on the surface of the medium to be detected; s is the bottom area of the radon collection cover 4; v is the space volume of the radon collecting cover 4; lambda [ alpha ]eIs effective decay constant including decay constant lambda of radon and leakage coefficient lambda of radon in radon collecting cover 4leakAnd back diffusion coefficient lambdab(ii) a t is the radon collecting time.
The solution of formula (1) is:
C0being the ambient radon concentration, negligible, equation (3) can be varied as:
the radon exhalation rate can be obtained through linear or nonlinear fitting according to the change rule of the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 4 measured by a plurality of measurement periods.
The accuracy and reliability of the method and the instrument for detecting the radon exhalation rate on the surface of the measuring medium on a standard device are insufficient only by comparing under a certain specific effective decay constant condition, and the effective decay constant needs to be adjusted at will.
B. Process for adjusting radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant of radon exhalation rate standard device by using gas flow type radon source
The process of adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of the radon exhalation rate standard device by using the gas flow type radon source is shown in the attached drawing 1, and during measurement, the radon collection cover 4 is buckled on the dense material plate 6, and the air outlet connector 7 and the air inlet connector 8 are covered in the radon collection cover 4.
As can be seen from the formula (4), the radon exhalation rate standard device can be used as long as the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 4 is controlled to change according to the formula (4).
Because the surfaces of the radon collection cover 4 and the dense material plate 6 are well sealed, the leakage rate is not considered, and the dense material plate 6 is not considered to be back-diffused.
The two-sided derivation of equation (4) can be obtained:
the flow rate of the adjustable micropump 10 is set as L (t), the activity of radon generated by the gas flow type radon source 9 in unit time is set as A, and due to the fact that the volume of a gap in the gas flow type radon source 9 is very small, the radon generated by the gas flow type radon source can be approximately considered to be completely pumped out by the adjustable micropump 10, and under the action of the adjustable micropump 10, the concentration of radon in the radon collection cover 4 is changed into:
substituting formula (5) for formula (6):
substituting formula (4) for formula (7):
the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the adjustable micropump 10 to change according to the formula (8).
Claims (2)
1. The device for adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of the radon exhalation rate standard device comprises a measuring instrument, a filter membrane, a drying tube, a radon collection cover and a pump; one end of the filter membrane is connected with a measuring chamber of a measuring instrument through a pipeline, the other end of the filter membrane is connected with the drying pipe through a pipeline, the other end of the drying pipe is connected with the radon collecting cover through a pipeline, one end of the pump is connected with the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument through a pipeline, and the other end of the pump is connected with the radon collecting cover through a pipeline;
the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a compact material plate, an air outlet joint, an air inlet joint, a gas flow type radon source, an adjustable micropump and a flowmeter; the gas outlet joint and the gas inlet joint are respectively arranged on the compact material plate, the gas outlet joint is connected with the adjustable micropump through a pipeline, the other end of the adjustable micropump is connected with the flowmeter through a pipeline, the other end of the flowmeter is connected with a gas flow type radon source through a pipeline, and the other end of the gas flow type radon source is connected with the gas inlet joint through a pipeline;
the flow meter is used to measure the flow rate of the adjustable micropump.
2. The method for adjusting radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant of a radon exhalation rate standard device according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises: the specific measurement process is as follows:
A. the radon collection cover with an opening on one surface is buckled on the surface of a medium to be measured, because radon atoms in the medium escape from the surface and enter the radon collection cover under the action of diffusion and seepage, the radon concentration in the radon collection cover changes, the pump always pumps the radon in the radon collection cover collection chamber into a measurement chamber of a measuring instrument through a drying pipe and a filter membrane to filter daughter at a constant flow rate, and the flow rate is 0.5-15L/min, so that the radon concentration in the measurement chamber of the measuring instrument is balanced with the radon concentration in the radon collection cover;
because the flow rate of the pump is large, the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument is equal to the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover, and the radon concentration C (t) in the measuring chamber of the measuring instrument is as follows:
λe＝λ+λb+λleak (2)
wherein: j is the radon exhalation rate on the surface of the medium to be detected; s is the bottom area of the radon collection cover; v is the space volume of the radon collecting cover; lambda [ alpha ]eIs effective decay constant including decay constant lambda of radon and leakage coefficient lambda of radon in radon collecting coverleakAnd back diffusion coefficient lambdab(ii) a t is radon collecting time;
the solution of formula (1) is:
C0being the ambient radon concentration, negligible, equation (3) can be varied as:
B. adjusting the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant of the radon exhalation rate standard device by using a gas-flowing radon source, buckling a radon collection cover on a dense material plate during measurement, and covering an air outlet joint and an air inlet joint in the radon collection cover;
as can be seen from the formula (4), the radon exhalation rate standard device can be used as long as the radon concentration in the radon collection cover is controlled to change according to the formula (4);
because the radon collection cover and the surface of the compact material plate are well sealed, the leakage rate is not considered, and the back diffusion of the compact material plate is not considered;
the two-sided derivation of equation (4) can be obtained:
the flow rate of the adjustable micropump is set to be L (t), the activity of radon generated by the gas flow type radon source in unit time is set to be A, and due to the fact that the volume of a gap in the gas flow type radon source is very small, the radon generated by the gas flow type radon source can be approximately considered to be completely pumped out by the adjustable micropump, and under the action of the adjustable micropump, the concentration of radon in the radon collection cover is changed into:
substituting formula (5) for formula (6):
substituting formula (4) for formula (7):
the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the adjustable micropump according to the formula (8).
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