CN113322108A - 一种微乳化柴油 - Google Patents

一种微乳化柴油 Download PDF

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CN113322108A
CN113322108A CN202110571708.2A CN202110571708A CN113322108A CN 113322108 A CN113322108 A CN 113322108A CN 202110571708 A CN202110571708 A CN 202110571708A CN 113322108 A CN113322108 A CN 113322108A
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龙乾
刘润京
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Darong New Energy Technology Shenzhen Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种微乳化柴油，包含以下重量百分比的成分：柴油70‑80％、水10‑15％、微乳化剂10‑15％，外加防腐剂0.01‑0.03％、着火改进剂0.01‑0.02％、十六烷值改进剂0‑0.2％。本发明专利所述的一种微乳化柴油，除具有微乳化柴油自身燃烧充分、节省燃料、排放清洁的优点之外，本发明的微乳化柴油燃料生产储存简便，无需特殊设备，适合广泛推广使用。

Description

一种微乳化柴油
技术领域
本发明低碳清洁能源领域，特别是涉及一种微乳化柴油。
背景技术
2018年我国的石油消耗量达到5亿多吨，而自产原油则多年徘徊在2亿吨左右，对外进口依存度超过70％，天然气的进口依存度达到了46％。“缺油、少气、富煤”是我国的基本能源结构。如果过度依赖油气进口，国家能源安全存在巨大风险。
微乳化柴油是近数十年来，国内外大力研究的一种节省化石燃料消耗的技术方向。其基本原理是在柴油中加入少量的水分，利用乳化剂使水分形成微小液滴悬浮在柴油当中，经柴油机喷嘴以喷雾形式注入气缸时形成大量以水分为核心的柴油颗粒。在柴油机气缸工作时的高温下，柴油颗粒内的水分由于沸点低于柴油而快速气化，体积迅速膨胀而使外包的柴油进一步分散，形成体积更小，表面积更大的微小颗粒，从而促进柴油的完全燃烧。水在高温下还能与不完全燃烧时产生的碳进行化学反应，产生可燃的一氧化碳与氢气(即水煤气的主要成分)，进一步提高燃烧效率。
由于通过物理和化学方式提升了燃烧效率，微乳化柴油在通过加入水分而节省一部分柴油消耗之后，仍能达到与普通柴油相当甚至更高的产热效率，并且减少了不完全燃烧产生的有害物质排放，同时达到了节能与减排两项可持续发展的目标。
国内对于微乳化柴油技术的研究已经产生了众多公开的专利配方，如CN103965979B、CN105199789B、CN102585941B、CN103642548B、CN109054912B。但现阶段公开的生产工艺与配方之中，有些使用含钾、钠、铁、钙、钛、氯等元素的添加剂。其中氯是化石燃料燃烧产物中重要的大气污染物，其余金属元素可能加剧设备积灰结渣问题，缩短机械寿命。有些配方则需采用高速搅拌或超声波处理工艺达成乳化状态，对投资、设备及生产耗能要求较高，不利于微乳化柴油技术的推广应用。
本发明的目的是针对目前微乳化柴油燃料技术的不足，提供一种生产工艺简便，且不添加有害污染物的优质微乳化柴油燃料产品，在使用性能符合标准的基础上，降低生产所需的技术与设备需求，使微乳化柴油燃料技术易于推广应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种微乳化柴油，为解决上述技术问题，本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种微乳化柴油，所述微乳化柴油燃料包含以下重量百分比的成分：柴油70-80％，微乳化剂10-15％，水10-15％，外加防腐剂0.01-0.03％，着火改进剂0.01-0.02％，十六烷值改进剂0-0.2％。
优选的，所述微乳化剂包含以下重量百分比的成分：脂肪酸67-75％，多碳醇10-13％，氨水10-15％，磺基甘油三酯5-10％。
优选的，所述脂肪酸是碳数为14-22的单不饱和脂肪酸，所述单不饱和脂肪酸为棕榈油酸、油酸、反式油酸、蓖麻油酸、芥酸中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述微乳化剂的制备方法为，按配方比例投料，常温常压下混合反应45-90min。
优选的，所述防腐剂包含以下重量百分比的成分：多碳醇40-50％，2,6-二叔丁基苯酚25-30％，苯骈三氮唑25-30％。
优选的，所述防腐剂的制备方法为，按配方比例，向多碳醇中加入2,6-二叔丁基苯酚，常温常压下混合反应10-20min，然后加入苯骈三氮唑，常温常压下混合反应15-45min。
优选的，所述多碳醇的碳数为3-8，所述多碳醇是分子式为CnH2n+1OH的脂肪醇，所述多碳醇为正戊醇、异戊醇、正己醇、正辛醇、异辛醇中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述着火改进剂为乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、草酸甲酯、草酸丁酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丙酯、丙酸丁酯中的一种或多种，所述十六烷值改进剂为亚硝酸异丁酯。
优选的，所述微乳化柴油燃料的制备方法为，按配方比例将除水之外的各添加剂加入柴油中，常温常压下混合反应10-20min，然后加入水，常温常压下混合反应30-90min。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明，除具有微乳化柴油自身燃烧充分、节省燃料、排放清洁的优点之外，本发明的微乳化柴油燃料生产储存简便，无需特殊设备，适合广泛推广使用。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
一种微乳化柴油燃料，其组分及重量百分比如下：
柴油75％，微乳化剂10％，水15％，外加防腐剂0.02％，乙酸乙酯0.02％；其中，所述柴油为符合GB19147-2016《车用柴油》国家标准的-10号和0号柴油各50％。
所述微乳化剂包含以下重量百分比的成分：棕榈油酸75％，正辛醇10％，磺基甘油三酯5％、氨水10％；所述微乳化剂的制备方法为：按配方比例投料，常温常压下混合反应90min。
所述防腐剂包含以下重量百分比的成分：异辛醇50％，2，6-二叔丁基苯酚25％，苯骈三氮唑25％；所述防腐剂的制备方法为：按配方比例，向异辛醇中加入2,6-二叔丁基苯酚，常温常压下混合反应20min，然后加入苯骈三氮唑，常温常压下混合反应45min。
所述微乳化柴油燃料的制备方法为，按配方比例将除水之外的各添加剂加入柴油中，常温常压下混合反应20min，然后加入水，常温常压下混合反应90min。
实施例二
一种微乳化柴油，其组分及重量百分比如下：
柴油78％，水12％，微乳化剂10％，外加防腐剂0.03％，乙酸乙酯0.01％，亚硝酸异丁酯0.1％；其中，所述柴油为符合GB19147-2016《车用柴油》国家标准的5号和0号柴油各50％。
所述微乳化剂包含以下重量百分比的成分：蓖麻油酸70％，异戊醇12％，氨水13％，磺基甘油三酯5％；所述微乳化剂的制备方法为：按配方比例投料，常温常压下混合反应60min。
所述防腐剂包含以下重量百分比的成分：正己醇50％，2，6-二叔丁基苯酚25％，苯骈三氮唑25％。所述防腐剂的制备方法为：按配方比例，向正己醇中加入2，6-二叔丁基苯酚，常温常压下混合反应15min，然后加入苯骈三氮唑，常温常压下混合反应30min。
所述微乳化柴油燃料的制备方法为，按配方比例将除水之外的各添加剂加入柴油中，常温常压下混合反应15min，然后加入水，常温常压下混合反应75min。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种微乳化柴油，其特征在于，所述微乳化柴油燃料包含以下重量百分比的成分：柴油70-80％，微乳化剂10-15％，水10-15％，外加防腐剂0.01-0.03％，着火改进剂0.01-0.02％，十六烷值改进剂0-0.2％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种微乳化柴油，其特征在于，所述微乳化剂包含以下重量百分比的成分：脂肪酸67-75％，多碳醇10-13％，氨水10-15％，磺基甘油三酯5-10％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种微乳化柴油，其特征在于，所述脂肪酸是碳数为14-22的单不饱和脂肪酸，所述单不饱和脂肪酸为棕榈油酸、油酸、反式油酸、蓖麻油酸、芥酸中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种微乳化柴油，其特征在于，所述微乳化剂的制备方法为，按配方比例投料，常温常压下混合反应45-90min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种微乳化柴油，其特征在于，所述防腐剂包含以下重量百分比的成分：多碳醇40-50％，2，6-二叔丁基苯酚25-30％，苯骈三氮唑25-30％。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种微乳化柴油，其特征在于，所述防腐剂的制备方法为，按配方比例，向多碳醇中加入2,6-二叔丁基苯酚，常温常压下混合反应10-20min，然后加入苯骈三氮唑，常温常压下混合反应15-45min。
7.根据权利要求2或5所述的一种微乳化柴油，其特征在于，所述多碳醇的碳数为3-8，所述多碳醇是分子式为CnH2n+1OH的脂肪醇，所述多碳醇为正戊醇、异戊醇、正己醇、正辛醇、异辛醇中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种微乳化柴油，其特征在于，所述着火改进剂为乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、草酸甲酯、草酸丁酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丙酯、丙酸丁酯中的一种或多种，所述十六烷值改进剂为亚硝酸异丁酯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种微乳化柴油，其特征在于，所述微乳化柴油燃料的制备方法为，按配方比例将除水之外的各添加剂加入柴油中，常温常压下混合反应10-20min，然后加入水，常温常压下混合反应30-90min。
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CN101824343A (zh) * 2010-05-27 2010-09-08 熊道陵 高闪点清洁节能微乳化柴油及其配制方法
CN104232185A (zh) * 2009-07-13 2014-12-24 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于燃料的杀菌和防腐蚀添加的添加剂混合物
CN111635790A (zh) * 2020-06-12 2020-09-08 大容新能源科技(深圳)有限公司 一种农用醇醚柴油燃料

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040029977A1 (en) * 2000-11-30 2004-02-12 Rolf Kawa Fine-grained emulsions
CN104232185A (zh) * 2009-07-13 2014-12-24 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于燃料的杀菌和防腐蚀添加的添加剂混合物
CN101824343A (zh) * 2010-05-27 2010-09-08 熊道陵 高闪点清洁节能微乳化柴油及其配制方法
CN111635790A (zh) * 2020-06-12 2020-09-08 大容新能源科技(深圳)有限公司 一种农用醇醚柴油燃料

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