CN113308010B - Solid super-lubricating interface material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solid super-lubricating interface material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113308010B CN113308010B CN202110654885.7A CN202110654885A CN113308010B CN 113308010 B CN113308010 B CN 113308010B CN 202110654885 A CN202110654885 A CN 202110654885A CN 113308010 B CN113308010 B CN 113308010B
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/042—Coating with two or more layers, where at least one layer of a composition contains a polymer binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/10—Esters of organic acids
- C08J2301/12—Cellulose acetate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/16—Esters of inorganic acids
- C08J2301/18—Cellulose nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2491/00—Characterised by the use of oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof
- C08J2491/06—Waxes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solid super-lubricating interface material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the steps of selecting a substrate material; uniformly spraying a paint solution on the first surface of the base material to form a paint film; curing the paint film; affixing a second surface of the base material opposite the first surface to a slide; heating the slide to raise the temperature of the paint film to the melting point of the lubricant; uniformly coating a lubricant on the surface of the paint film; and after the lubricant is solidified at room temperature, removing the glass slide to obtain the solid super-lubricating interface material. The invention utilizes black paint and paraffin lubricant to combine with the porous film, and overcomes the defects of complex preparation, high cost, large energy consumption, low efficiency and environmental unfriendliness of the traditional deicing technology, incapability of integrating the stability and self-repairability of the traditional anti-icing/deicing interface material and the like in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a super-lubrication interface material, in particular to a self-repairable low-temperature anti-icing/deicing solid super-lubrication interface and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The icing problem of the low-temperature interface relates to important fields of transportation, power lines, wind power generation, aerospace and the like, and seriously harms production and life. Traditional methods for preventing/removing ice, such as heating, chemical and mechanical methods, often have the disadvantages of high energy consumption, low efficiency, environmental unfriendliness, and the like. In recent years, various novel anti-icing/deicing technologies have been proposed, and among them, a super-hydrophobic interface (SHP) represented by a lotus leaf phenomenon and a liquid poured super-lubricating interface (SLIPS) based on a lubrication effect of a mugwort margin area attract a wide attention due to advantages of low energy consumption, low cost, environmental friendliness, and the like. However, the SHP has weak adaptability and poor stability in a low-temperature and high-humidity environment, and cannot self-repair; although SLIPS has good self-repairing property, the lubricating liquid of SLIPS is easy to migrate, leak and volatilize when in use, so that the interface is unstable, and the SLIPS cannot be used in the field of ice prevention/removal for a long time. It remains a significant challenge to prepare an anti-icing/deicing interface material that combines excellent stability and self-healing properties.
Inspired by the advantages that the wax on the outer surface of the natural plant leaf is difficult to volatilize and self-repair, and is difficult to remove by water/ice, and the like, researchers provide a solid super-lubricating interface which has excellent stability and self-repair performance. However, the preparation method of the substrates of many solid-state super-lubrication anti-icing/deicing interfaces is complicated in steps, and some of the solid-state super-lubrication anti-icing/deicing interfaces even use expensive magnetic nanoparticles as a part of the lubricant, so that the cost is high. Therefore, the invention provides the method for preparing the solid super-lubricating interface by combining the black paint and the paraffin lubricant with the porous film substrate, has low cost and simple and quick operation, can prepare a large amount of solid super-lubricating interfaces in a short time, and better meets the requirements of the application fields of ice prevention/removal and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to overcome the defect that the traditional anti-icing/deicing interface material cannot have both stability and self-repairability, and provide a stable solid super-lubricating interface capable of self-repairing so as to realize rapid self-repairing by applying sunlight/near infrared light; after being soaked in water or vertically placed in the air, the water-based anti-icing paint still has excellent stability and can better meet the application requirements of anti-icing/deicing and the like.
The second purpose of the invention is to overcome the defects of large energy consumption, low efficiency, environmental unfriendliness and the like of the traditional anti-icing/deicing method, and provide a solid super-lubricating photo-thermal interface with energy saving, high efficiency and environmental friendliness, so as to delay the icing time or melt accumulated ice in a low-temperature environment by applying sunlight and utilizing the photo-thermal effect.
The invention aims to overcome the defects of complicated preparation and high cost of the conventional solid super-lubrication anti-icing/deicing interface, and provides the solid super-lubrication anti-icing/deicing interface which is low in cost, simple and quick to operate and can be prepared in a short time.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a solid super-lubricating interface material comprises the following steps:
selecting a substrate material, wherein the substrate material is a porous film;
uniformly spraying a paint solution on the first surface of the base material to form a paint film;
curing the paint film;
affixing a second surface of the base material opposite the first surface to a slide;
heating the slide to raise the temperature of the paint film to the melting point of the lubricant;
uniformly coating a lubricant on the surface of the paint film;
and after the lubricant is solidified at room temperature, removing the glass slide to obtain the solid super-lubricating interface material.
Further, the paint is black paint.
Further, the lubricant is paraffin wax.
Further, the porous membrane comprises a porous polyamide membrane, a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, or a porous nitrocellulose-cellulose acetate membrane.
Further, the uniformly spraying the paint solution includes a multi-spraying process.
The invention also provides a solid super-lubricating interface material prepared by the preparation method of the solid super-lubricating interface material, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
a substrate material which is a porous film;
a paint film disposed on a first surface of the base material;
a lubricant coating disposed on a surface of the paint film.
Further, the paint is a black paint and/or the lubricant is paraffin.
Further, the porous membrane comprises a porous polyamide membrane, a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, or a porous nitrocellulose-cellulose acetate membrane.
Further, the thickness of the paint film layer is 10-200 μm, and the thickness of the lubricant coating is 100-400 μm.
Further, the solid super-lubricating interface material has self-repairing and anti-icing/deicing performances at-20 ℃ to 0 ℃.
The preparation method applied to the solid super-lubricating interface specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly spraying the paint solution on the porous film, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min-1h to solidify the paint, and obtaining a black paint film as a sample after solidification;
(2) fixing the periphery of the paint film on a glass slide by using a plastic adhesive tape, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid lubricant by using a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film is raised to the melting point of the lubricant, dropping the liquid lubricant to one end of the surface of the film, blade-coating the lubricant to the other end by using a blade to uniformly coat the lubricant on the surface of the film, sucking the lubricant scraped from the surface by using paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, and removing the glass slide after the lubricant is solidified at room temperature to prepare a solid super-lubricating interface.
The paint spraying distance is 20 cm.
The time interval of paint spraying is 30 min.
The thickness of the paint layer of the super-lubricating interface is 119.8 +/-2.6 microns.
The thickness of the paraffin layer of the super-lubrication interface is 177.4 +/-1.6 mu m.
The porous film is a porous polyamide film, a porous polytetrafluoroethylene film or a porous cellulose nitrate-cellulose acetate film.
The paint is black paint.
The lubricant is paraffin wax (melting point: 44-46 ℃).
The solid super-lubrication interface prepared by the invention has the advantages of low cost, simple and quick operation, suitability for various substrates, energy conservation, high efficiency, environmental friendliness, stability, self-repairability and the like, and overcomes the defects of complex preparation, high cost, high energy consumption, low efficiency, environmental unfriendliness, incapability of combining the stability and the self-repairability with the traditional deicing interface material, and the like in the prior art. The solid super-lubricating interface prepared by the method has innovativeness and application value in the field of ice prevention/removal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2a) is a graph of paraffin thickness versus self-healing time for solid-state super-lubricious interfaces prepared in examples 1-6 of the invention;
FIG. 2b) is a graph of the thickness of the paint layer on the solid-state super-lubricating interface versus the self-healing time for the solid-state super-lubricating interfaces prepared in examples 1, 7-11 of the present invention;
FIG. 3a) is a self-repairing process diagram of the solid-state super-lubricating interface of embodiment 9 of the present invention under a sunlight irradiation at a temperature of 11.0 + -1.0 deg.C or higher;
FIG. 3b) is a diagram of a low-temperature self-repairing process of the solid-state super-lubricating interface of example 9 of the present invention under infrared irradiation at a temperature of-20.0. + -. 1.0 ℃ or higher;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the freezing process of 10 μ L of water drops on the solid super-lubrication interface and the surface of different materials in example 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the deicing process for the solid super-lubricated interface and other surfaces of various materials according to example 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the contact angle and the sliding angle of the solid super-lubricated interface according to example 9 of the present invention as a function of the immersion time of the interface in water and the vertical standing time in air.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polyamide film of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 3 times, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and obtaining a black paint polyamide film after solidification, wherein the paint solution is a black paint solution. The paint used in the present invention was a Z635 black paint from Ihao corporation, USA.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint polyamide film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by 1 layer of plastic adhesive tape, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to the melting point of the paraffin, scraping the paraffin to the other end by a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The thickness of the paraffin layer and the paint layer in this example were measured using a microscope (BX53, Olympus), and the self-healing time of the scratch on the super-lubricating interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch, as shown in FIG. 2, with a paraffin thickness of 177.4. + -. 1.6. mu.m, a paint layer thickness of 18.3. + -. 2.2. mu.m, and a self-healing time of 108.5. + -. 2.9 s.
Example 2
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polyamide film of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 3 times, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and solidifying to obtain a black paint polyamide film.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint polyamide film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by using 2 layers of plastic adhesive tapes, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by using a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to a paraffin melting point, scraping the paraffin to the other end by using a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by using paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The thickness of the paraffin layer in this example was measured using a microscope (BX53, Olympus), and the self-healing time of the scratch on the super-lubricated interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch, as shown in FIG. 2(a), the paraffin thickness was 193.0. + -. 3.7. mu.m, and the self-healing time was 129.4. + -. 1.7 s.
Example 3
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polyamide film of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 3 times, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and solidifying to obtain a black paint polyamide film.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint polyamide film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by using 3 layers of plastic adhesive tapes, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by using a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to the melting point of the paraffin, scraping the paraffin to the other end by using a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by using paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The thickness of the paraffin layer in this example was measured using a microscope (BX53, Olympus), and the self-healing time of the scratch on the super-lubricated interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch, as shown in FIG. 2(a), with a paraffin thickness of 206.9. + -. 1.1. mu.m and a self-healing time of 141.8. + -. 2.6 s.
Example 4
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polyamide film of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 3 times, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and solidifying to obtain a black paint polyamide film.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint polyamide film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by 4 layers of plastic adhesive tapes, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to the melting point of the paraffin, scraping the paraffin to the other end by a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The thickness of the paraffin layer in this example was measured using a microscope (BX53, Olympus), and the self-healing time of the scratch on the super-lubricated interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch, as shown in FIG. 2(a), with a paraffin thickness of 247.6 + -3.8 μm and a self-healing time of 152.8 + -2.1 s.
Example 5
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polyamide film of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 3 times, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and solidifying to obtain a black paint polyamide film.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint polyamide film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by 5 layers of plastic adhesive tapes, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to the melting point of the paraffin, scraping the paraffin to the other end by a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The thickness of the paraffin layer in this example was measured using a microscope (BX53, Olympus), and the self-healing time of the scratch on the super-lubricated interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch, as shown in FIG. 2(a), with a paraffin thickness of 336.3. + -. 2.6. mu.m and a self-healing time of 159.4. + -. 2.8 s.
Example 6
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polyamide film of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 3 times, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and solidifying to obtain a black paint polyamide film.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the painted polyamide film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by 6 layers of plastic adhesive tapes, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to the melting point of the paraffin, scraping the paraffin to the other end by a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The thickness of the paraffin layer in this example was measured using a microscope (BX53, Olympus), and the self-healing time of the scratch on the super-lubricated interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch, as shown in FIG. 2(a), with a paraffin thickness of 364.5. + -. 4.3. mu.m and a self-healing time of 161.9. + -. 2.3 s.
Example 7
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polyamide film with the thickness of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 6 times, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and obtaining a black paint polyamide film after solidification.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint polyamide film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by 1 layer of plastic adhesive tape, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to the melting point of the paraffin, scraping the paraffin to the other end by a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The thickness of the paint layer in this example was measured using a microscope (BX53, Olympus), and the self-healing time of the scratch on the super-lubricating interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch, as shown in FIG. 2(b), with a paint layer thickness of 66.2. + -. 1.7. mu.m and a self-healing time of 94.6. + -. 2.5 s.
Example 8
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polyamide film with the thickness of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 9 times, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and obtaining a black paint polyamide film after solidification.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint polyamide film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by 1 layer of plastic adhesive tape, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to the melting point of the paraffin, scraping the paraffin to the other end by a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The thickness of the paint layer in this example was measured using a microscope (BX53, Olympus), and the self-healing time of the scratch on the super-lubricating interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch, as shown in FIG. 2(b), with a paint layer thickness of 88.4. + -. 4.3. mu.m and a self-healing time of 84.3. + -. 2.7 s.
Example 9
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polyamide film of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 12 times, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and obtaining the black paint polyamide film after solidification.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint polyamide film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by 1 layer of plastic adhesive tape, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to the melting point of the paraffin, scraping the paraffin to the other end by a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The thickness of the paint layer of this example was measured using a microscope (BX53, Olympus) and the self-healing time of the scratch of the super-lubricated interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch, as shown in FIG. 2(b), with a paint layer thickness of 119.8. + -. 2.6. mu.m and a self-healing time of 71.7. + -. 2.3 s.
Example 10
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polyamide film of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 15 times, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and obtaining the black paint polyamide film after solidification.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint polyamide film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by 1 layer of plastic adhesive tape, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to the melting point of the paraffin, scraping the paraffin to the other end by a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The thickness of the paint layer in this example was measured using a microscope (BX53, Olympus), and the self-healing time of the scratch on the super-lubricating interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch, as shown in FIG. 2(b), with a paint layer thickness of 164.0. + -. 3.9. mu.m and a self-healing time of 69.5. + -. 2.9 s.
Example 11
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polyamide film of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 18 times, standing in a ventilated environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and obtaining the black paint polyamide film after solidification.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint polyamide film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by 1 layer of plastic adhesive tape, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to the melting point of the paraffin, scraping the paraffin to the other end by a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The thickness of the paint layer in this example was measured using a microscope (BX53, Olympus), and the self-healing time of the scratch on the super-lubricating interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch, as shown in FIG. 2(b), with a paint layer thickness of 191.4. + -. 2.7. mu.m and a self-healing time of 68.2. + -. 2.5 s.
Example 12
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous polytetrafluoroethylene film with the thickness of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 12 times, standing in a ventilation environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and solidifying to obtain the black paint polytetrafluoroethylene film.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint polytetrafluoroethylene film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by 1 layer of plastic adhesive tape, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to the melting point of the paraffin, scraping the paraffin to the other end by a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The self-healing time of the scratches on the super-lubricated interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch. The self-healing time is 71.3 +/-2.4 s.
Example 13
(1) And (3) uniformly spraying the paint solution on a porous cellulose nitrate-cellulose acetate film with the thickness of 2cm multiplied by 2cm for 12 times, standing in a ventilation environment for 30min to solidify the paint, and obtaining the black paint cellulose nitrate-cellulose acetate film after solidification.
(2) Fixing the periphery of the paint nitrocellulose-cellulose acetate film on a 7.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm glass slide by using 1 layer of plastic adhesive tape, placing the glass slide on a hot table, sucking a proper amount of liquid paraffin to one end of the surface of the film by using a plastic dropper after the surface temperature of the film rises to a paraffin melting point, scraping the paraffin to the other end by using a blade to uniformly coat the paraffin on the surface of the film, sucking the liquid paraffin scraped from the surface by using paper, taking the glass slide out of the hot table, removing the glass slide after the paraffin is solidified at room temperature, and preparing a solid super-lubricating interface.
(3) The self-healing time of the scratches on the super-lubricated interface prepared in this example was recorded using a stopwatch. The self-healing time is 70.9 +/-2.7 s.
Test example 1
After the solid super-lubricating interface in example 9 was scratched by a blade, it was placed under a simulated light source with a solar light intensity (fig. 3a) in a room temperature environment of 19 ± 1.0 ℃ or under an infrared light source in a low temperature environment of-20.0 ± 1.0 ℃ (fig. 3b), and the black paint would rapidly absorb the sunlight/infrared light energy and convert it into heat energy, and further heat the interface, when the interface temperature rose to the paraffin melting point, the solid paraffin on the interface melted into liquid paraffin and rapidly flowed to the damaged area, so that the surface covered with a smooth liquid layer. After the light source is removed, the interface temperature is reduced to be lower than the melting point of paraffin, the liquid paraffin is solidified, scratches disappear, and the damaged solid super-lubricating interface is completely self-repaired. This result demonstrates the excellent self-healing properties of this super-lubricated interface.
Test example 2
When the temperature is-12.0 +/-1.0 ℃ or-20.0 +/-1.0 ℃, 10 mu L of water drops are respectively dropped on the solid super-lubrication interface, the glass, the polyamide film, the polytetrafluoroethylene film and the paraffin super-lubrication interface in the example 9, and the icing time of the water drops on the surfaces of different materials is recorded through a stopwatch. As shown in FIG. 4, when the temperature is-20.0. + -. 1.0 ℃, under the irradiation of sunlight, the freezing time of 10. mu.L of water drops on the glass, the polyamide film, the polytetrafluoroethylene film, the paraffin super-lubrication interface and the solid super-lubrication interface in example 9 is 38s, 47s, 59s, 63s and 212 s. Under the irradiation of sunlight, the black paint on the solid super-lubricating interface can quickly absorb solar energy and convert the solar energy into heat energy, and then the interface is heated, so that the interface temperature is higher than-20.0 +/-1.0 ℃. Compared with the prior art, the glass, polyamide film, polytetrafluoroethylene film and paraffin super-lubrication interface do not contain a photothermal layer, so that light energy cannot be converted into heat energy, and the interface temperature is always kept at-20.0 +/-1.0 ℃. Therefore, the freezing process of water droplets on the solid super-lubricated interface is prolonged. When the temperature is-12.0 +/-1.0 ℃, under the irradiation of sunlight, the icing time of 10 mu L of water drops on the super-lubrication interface of glass, a polyamide film, a polytetrafluoroethylene film and paraffin is 46s, 69s, 141s and 156s, and the water drops are completely evaporated on the solid super-lubrication interface in the embodiment 9 until 7min35s, so that no icing phenomenon exists. Under the irradiation of sunlight, the black paint of the solid super-lubricating interface heats the interface, so that the temperature of the interface is increased from-12.0 +/-1.0 ℃ to 0 ℃ higher than the freezing point of water, and water drops on the solid super-lubricating interface cannot freeze until the water drops are completely evaporated. Compared with the prior art, the glass, the polyamide film, the polytetrafluoroethylene film and the paraffin super-lubrication interface do not contain a photothermal layer, so that light energy cannot be converted into heat energy, the interface temperature is always kept at-12.0 +/-1.0 ℃, and the water drop icing time cannot be delayed. The results demonstrate that the icing process of the super-lubricated interface is prolonged or eliminated under the irradiation of sunlight, and the super-lubricated interface has good anti-icing performance.
Test example 3
The solid super-lubricated interface, glass, polyamide film, polytetrafluoroethylene film and paraffin super-lubricated interface in example 9 were sprayed with small water droplets in an environment of-20 ℃ and a humidity of about 70%, and after freezing a layer of ice on the surface, the surface was placed in an environment of-12.0 ± 1.0 ℃ and subjected to a sun light. Referring to FIG. 5, the ice accretion on the solid super-lubricated interface of the present invention completely melted within 270s, and the ice accretion of other materials did not melt. Under the irradiation of sunlight, the black paint on the solid super-lubricating interface can absorb light energy and convert the light energy into heat energy, so that the temperature of the interface is increased from minus 12.0 +/-1.0 ℃ to higher than 0 ℃, and accumulated ice on the surface is further melted. This result demonstrates that this super-lubricated interface has good deicing performance.
Test example 4
After the solid super-lubricated interface of example 9 was immersed in water for 32 days and left standing vertically in air for 32 days, respectively, 10. mu.L of water droplets were placed on the surface, and the contact angle and the sliding angle were measured by means of a Dataphysics OCA 25. As shown in FIG. 6, the contact angle and the sliding angle of a 10. mu.L water droplet were not significantly changed. The paraffin is a hydrocarbon mixture, cannot volatilize in the air, cannot run off under the action of buoyancy under water, and has excellent stability. The paraffin is used as a protective layer to cover the surface of the self-repairable low-temperature anti-icing/deicing solid super-lubricating interface material, so that the interface material is endowed with excellent stability.
The self-repairing performance test of the solid super-lubricating interface provided by the invention is that at the room temperature of 11.0 +/-1.0 ℃, the surface scratched by a blade is placed under a simulation light source with the light intensity of the sun (figure 3a) or under an infrared light source at the low temperature of-20.0 +/-1.0 ℃ (figure 3b), the self-repairing performance of the interface is tested, and the scratches on the surface disappear from the figure, so that the super-lubricating interface has good self-repairing performance.
The anti-icing performance test of the solid super-lubricating interface comprises the steps of placing 10 mu L of water drops on a low-temperature surface at the temperature of-12.0 +/-1.0 ℃ or-20.0 +/-1.0 ℃ under the irradiation of sunlight, and recording the icing time of the water drops through a stopwatch. FIG. 4 shows the freezing process of 10 μ L water drops on the surface of different materials. As can be seen from the figure, when the temperature is-20.0 +/-1.0 ℃, the icing time of 10 mu L of water drops on glass, a polyamide film, a polytetrafluoroethylene film, a paraffin super-lubrication interface and the self-solid super-lubrication interface of the invention is 38s, 47s, 59s, 63s and 212 s. When the temperature is-12.0 +/-1.0 ℃, the icing time of 10 mu L of water drops on the super-lubrication interface of the glass, the polyamide film, the polytetrafluoroethylene film and the paraffin is 46s, 69s, 141s and 156s, but the water drops are completely evaporated on the solid super-lubrication interface of the invention until 7min35s, and no icing phenomenon exists. The icing process of the super-lubrication interface is prolonged or disappears under the illumination of the sun, and the super-lubrication interface has good anti-icing performance.
The invention discloses a deicing performance test of a solid super-lubricating interface, which comprises the steps of spraying small water drops on the surface of a material in an environment with the temperature of-20 ℃ and the humidity of about 70%, placing the material under sunlight after a layer of ice is frozen on the surface, and recording the deicing time through a stopwatch. Fig. 5 is a process for deicing different material surfaces. As can be seen from the figure, the accumulated ice on the self-repairing low-temperature anti-icing/deicing solid super-lubrication interface of the invention is completely melted within 270s, and the accumulated ice of other materials is not melted. The super-lubricating interface is proved to have good deicing performance.
The stability test of the solid super-lubricating interface in the invention comprises the steps of respectively soaking the super-lubricating interface in water for 32 days and vertically placing the super-lubricating interface in air for 32 days, placing 10 mu L of water drops on the surface, and testing a contact angle and a sliding angle through a Dataphysics OCA 25. Fig. 6 is a curve showing the change of the contact angle and the sliding angle of a 10 μ L water drop on the surface, and it can be seen from the graph that the contact angle and the sliding angle of the 10 μ L water drop are not obviously changed, which proves that the super-lubricating interface has good stability.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a solid super-lubricating anti-icing/deicing interface material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a substrate material, wherein the substrate material is a porous film;
uniformly spraying a paint solution on the first surface of the base material to form a paint film;
curing the paint film;
securing a second surface of the base material opposite the first surface to a slide;
heating the slide to raise the temperature of the paint film to the melting point of the lubricant;
uniformly coating a lubricant on the surface of the paint film;
forming a lubricant coating after the lubricant is solidified at room temperature, and removing the glass slide to obtain the solid super-lubricating anti-icing/deicing interface material; wherein,
the paint is black paint;
the lubricant is paraffin;
the porous membrane comprises a porous polyamide membrane, a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane or a porous cellulose nitrate-cellulose acetate membrane;
the thickness of the paint film layer is 10-200 mu m, and the thickness of the lubricant coating is 100-400 mu m.
2. The method for preparing a solid super-lubricating ice/ice interface material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of uniformly spraying the paint solution comprises a multiple spraying process.
3. The solid super-lubricating ice-preventing/removing interface material prepared by the method for preparing the solid super-lubricating ice-preventing/removing interface material according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the solid super-lubricating ice-preventing/removing interface material comprises:
a substrate material which is a porous film;
a paint film disposed on a first surface of the base material;
a lubricant coating disposed on a surface of the paint film; wherein,
the paint is black paint;
the lubricant is paraffin;
the porous membrane comprises a porous polyamide membrane, a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane or a porous cellulose nitrate-cellulose acetate membrane;
the thickness of the paint film layer is 10-200 μm, and the thickness of the lubricant coating is 100-400 μm.
4. The solid super-lubricating ice-preventing/removing interface material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the solid super-lubricating ice-preventing/removing interface material has self-repairing and ice-preventing/removing performances between-20 ℃ and 0 ℃.
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