CN113285173A - Flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113285173A
CN113285173A CN202110549017.2A CN202110549017A CN113285173A CN 113285173 A CN113285173 A CN 113285173A CN 202110549017 A CN202110549017 A CN 202110549017A CN 113285173 A CN113285173 A CN 113285173A
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flame
retardant glass
composite battery
fiber
nanofiber composite
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胡泽旭
余严
朱丽萍
相恒学
侯恺
周家良
朱美芳
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Donghua University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery diaphragm manufacturing, and discloses a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof. The preparation process is simple and convenient, is suitable for large-scale production, improves the mechanical property of the battery diaphragm, realizes uniform regulation and control of the aperture of the battery diaphragm, improves the electrolyte absorbency of the battery diaphragm, and the prepared flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm has good electrolyte wettability, thermal stability, chemical stability, mechanical property and flame-retardant property, improves the safety of a lithium ion battery, and prolongs the service life of the lithium ion battery. The preparation method is suitable for preparing the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm, and the prepared flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm is suitable for a lithium battery.

Description

Flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery diaphragm manufacturing, and relates to flame-retardant glass nanofiber, in particular to a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs) have high energy density and long cycle life and are the most important and reliable energy storage devices generally accepted in portable electronic products and electronic automobiles. In the composition of the lithium ion battery, the diaphragm occupies a very important position, and the service performance and the safety of the lithium ion battery are directly influenced. Up to now, microporous polyolefin (polyethylene, polypropylene or composites thereof) membranes dominate the commercial LIBs separator market by virtue of their uniform pore size, strong mechanical strength and excellent electrochemical stability. However, polyolefin separators widely used in the market have the disadvantages of poor thermal stability, poor electrolyte wettability and the like, and in order to meet the requirements of high-temperature dimensional stability and electrolyte absorption performance of separators of high-power lithium ion batteries, development of high-performance separators has become a focus of attention of researchers.
The glass fiber is an inorganic material, can be used as a diaphragm of a lead-acid storage battery, a primary lithium battery and the like, isolates the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery to prevent short circuit, absorbs enough electrolyte to supply chemical reaction for the charging and discharging of the battery, most of the existing glass fiber diaphragms are formed by glue dipping or spraying, are not suitable for being used at high temperature, have low strength and seriously limit the development of the diaphragm.
The invention patent of Chinese patent No. CN102522513A discloses a glass fiber battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof, wherein the glass fiber battery diaphragm is obtained by forming wet paper sheets by glass fibers and organic fibers such as polyester and polyamide chopped fibers, and then carrying out gum dipping or gum spraying treatment and drying. The method is simple and feasible, and has excellent thermal stability and chemical stability, but the prepared diaphragm is too thick (160-180 um) and has poor strength, so that the method is not suitable for being applied to battery diaphragms. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a high-strength, thin glass fiber separator.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm and a preparation method thereof, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical method comprises the following steps:
a preparation method of a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm comprises the following steps: and mixing the flame-retardant glass nano-fiber and the thermoplastic high-performance fiber, and dispersing, pulping, papermaking and hot-pressing to obtain the flame-retardant glass fiber composite battery diaphragm.
As a limitation: in the mixture of the flame-retardant glass nano-fiber and the thermoplastic high-performance fiber, the mass fraction of the flame-retardant glass nano-fiber is 70-95%, and the balance is the thermoplastic high-performance fiber.
As a further limitation: the thermoplastic high-performance fiber is one of polyether-ether-ketone, polyphenylene sulfide and thermotropic liquid crystal polymer, the mass fraction of the part serving as the high-temperature binder in the thermoplastic high-performance fiber is 30-70%, and the rest is used as a support structure.
As another limitation: the flame-retardant glass nano-fiber is cut by a flame method and a high-speed carding machine, the fiber is circular, the diameter is 100-1000nm, and the fiber length is 0-5 mm.
As a further limitation: the flame-retardant glass nanofiber comprises 0-25% of flame-retardant glass nanofiber with the length of 0-2mm by mass, 50-100% of flame-retardant glass nanofiber with the length of 2-4mm by mass and 0-25% of flame-retardant glass nanofiber with the length of 4-5mm by mass.
The invention also provides the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm prepared by the preparation method of the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm, the porosity of the prepared sea flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm is 40-70%, the pore diameter is 0.1-0.6 mu m, the thickness is 15-25 mu m, the liquid absorption rate of the electrolyte is 250-350%, the tensile strength is 20-40MPa, and the limiting oxygen index is 38-40.
Due to the adoption of the scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the preparation method of the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm, the flame-retardant glass nanofiber is mixed with a small amount of thermoplastic high-performance fiber, and the thermoplastic high-performance fiber is used as a high-temperature fibrous binder and a supporting structure, so that the mechanical property of the battery diaphragm is improved; in addition, the preparation method has simple preparation process and is suitable for large-scale production;
(2) according to the preparation method of the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm, the flame-retardant glass nanofibers with different lengths and different titer are stacked and arranged, so that the porosity, the aperture and the thickness of the battery diaphragm are regulated, and the aperture of the battery diaphragm is homogenized;
(3) the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention is prepared by mixing the flame-retardant glass nanofibers with a small amount of thermoplastic high-performance fibers, dispersing, pulping, papermaking and hot pressing, and based on the excellent thermal stability and flame retardance of the flame-retardant glass nanofibers, the prepared battery diaphragm has good electrolyte wettability, thermal stability, chemical stability, mechanical property and flame retardance, the requirements of a lithium ion battery diaphragm are met, the safety of the lithium ion battery is improved, and the service life of the lithium ion battery is prolonged.
In conclusion, the preparation method of the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm provided by the invention is simple and convenient in preparation process, is suitable for large-scale production, improves the mechanical property of the battery diaphragm, realizes uniform regulation and control of the aperture of the battery diaphragm, improves the electrolyte absorbency of the battery diaphragm, has good electrolyte wettability, thermal stability, chemical stability, mechanical property and flame retardant property, improves the safety of a lithium ion battery, and prolongs the service life of the lithium ion battery.
The preparation method is suitable for preparing the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm, and the prepared flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm is suitable for a lithium battery.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator prepared in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator prepared in example 6 of the present invention;
FIGS. 7a-e are graphs comparing the thermal stability of the flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator made in example 1 of the present invention with a commercial Celgard membrane;
fig. 8a and 8b are test charts of flame retardancy of Celgard commercial membrane, and fig. 8c and 8d are test charts of flame retardancy of the flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following examples, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and any modifications and equivalent changes based on the specific examples of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Examples 1-6 preparation of flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator
Examples 1 to 6 are respectively a method for preparing a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator, wherein the process parameters in the preparation process are shown in table 1, and the specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
a preparation method of a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm comprises the following steps: the flame-retardant glass nanofiber is cut by a flame method and a high-speed carding machine, the fiber is circular, the diameter is 100-1000nm, the flame-retardant glass nanofiber with the fiber length of 0-5mm is mixed with the thermoplastic high-performance fiber, the mass fraction of 0-2mm in length in the flame-retardant glass nanofiber is 0-25%, the mass fraction of 2-4mm in length is 50-100%, and the mass fraction of 4-5mm in length is 0-25%; the mass fraction of the part of the thermoplastic high-performance fiber used as the high-temperature binder is 30-70%, the rest is used as a support structure, the mass fraction of the flame-retardant glass nano-fiber in the mixture of the flame-retardant glass nano-fiber and the thermoplastic high-performance fiber is 70-95%, the rest is the thermoplastic high-performance fiber, the mixture of the glass nano-fiber and the thermoplastic high-performance fiber is dispersed, pulped at the concentration of 0.3-5%, and then subjected to papermaking and hot pressing at the temperature of 260-320 ℃ and under the pressure of 10-40 MPa, so as to obtain the flame-retardant glass fiber composite battery diaphragm.
The thermoplastic high performance fibers of examples 1-6 were one of polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, and thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers.
Table 1 examples 1-6 process parameters in the preparation of flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separators
Figure BDA0003074671930000041
Figure BDA0003074671930000051
The specific performance indexes of the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm prepared by the preparation method are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Performance indices of the flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separators prepared in examples 1-6
Figure BDA0003074671930000052
Figure BDA0003074671930000061
As shown in Table 2, the porosity of the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator prepared in examples 1-6 is 40-70%, the pore diameter is 0.1-0.6 μm, the thickness is 15-25 μm, the pore diameter of the battery separator is uniform and fine, the liquid absorption rate of the electrolyte is 250-350%, the liquid absorption performance of the electrolyte is high, the tensile strength is 20-40MPa, and the mechanical performance is good. In addition, the limit oxygen index of the sea-island polyphenylene sulfide composite battery diaphragm prepared in the examples 1-6 is 38-40, and the limit oxygen index of the existing Celgard commercial film is 18, so that the flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm prepared in the examples 1-6 of the invention has good flame retardant property.
FIGS. 1 to 6 are scanning electron microscope images of the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator prepared in examples 1 to 6 in sequence, and as can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 6, polyphenylene sulfide fibers are used as a binder and a support structure to wrap the flame-retardant glass nanofibers, the pore diameter of the whole separator is controlled within 1 μm, the porosity is high, and the separator is suitable for a lithium ion battery separator; fig. 7 shows a comparison graph of thermal stability of the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator and the Celgard commercial membrane, wherein a-e in the graph 7 sequentially show dimensional changes of the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator and the Celgard commercial membrane at 25 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃ and 230 ℃, Celgard represents the Celgard commercial membrane, GNF/PPS represents the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator of example 1, wherein PSS is polyphenylene sulfide, and GNF is the flame-retardant glass nanofiber, as can be seen from fig. 7, the size of the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator at 25 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃ and 230 ℃ is almost unchanged, while the dimensional changes of the Celgard commercial membrane at 5 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃ and 230 ℃ are obvious, so the thermal stability of the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator is better than that of the Celgard commercial membrane; the figure for comparing the flame retardant performance of the flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm with the Celgard commercial membrane is shown in fig. 8, fig. 8a is the Celgard commercial membrane before combustion, fig. 8b is the Celgard commercial membrane after combustion, fig. 8c is the flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm before combustion, and fig. 8d is the flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm after combustion, and it can be seen from fig. 8 that the flame retardant performance of the flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm is superior to that of the Celgard commercial membrane, and the flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragms prepared in examples 2-6 have similar performance to that of the flame retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm prepared in example 1.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm is characterized by comprising the following steps: and mixing the flame-retardant glass nano-fiber and the thermoplastic high-performance fiber, and dispersing, pulping, papermaking and hot-pressing to obtain the flame-retardant glass fiber composite battery diaphragm.
2. The method for preparing the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the mixture of the flame-retardant glass nanofibers and the thermoplastic high-performance fibers, the mass fraction of the flame-retardant glass nanofibers is 70-95%, and the balance is the thermoplastic high-performance fibers.
3. The method for preparing the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator as claimed in claim 2, wherein the thermoplastic high-performance fiber is one of polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide and thermotropic liquid crystal polymer, the mass fraction of the thermoplastic high-performance fiber as a high-temperature binder part is 30-70%, and the rest is used as a support structure.
4. The method for preparing the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the flame-retardant glass nanofiber is cut by a flame method and a high-speed carding machine, the fiber is circular, the diameter is 100-1000nm, and the fiber length is 0-5 mm.
5. The method for preparing the flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery separator as claimed in claim 4, wherein the flame-retardant glass nanofiber has a mass fraction of 0-25% for a length of 0-2mm, a mass fraction of 50-100% for a length of 2-4mm, and a mass fraction of 0-25% for a length of 4-5 mm.
6. The membrane of the flame-retardant glass nano-fiber composite battery prepared by the method for preparing the membrane of the flame-retardant glass nano-fiber composite battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the prepared membrane of the flame-retardant glass nano-fiber composite battery has the porosity of 40-70%, the pore diameter of 0.1-0.6 μm, the thickness of 15-25 μm, the liquid absorption rate of electrolyte of 250-350%, the tensile strength of 20-40MPa and the limiting oxygen index of 38-40.
CN202110549017.2A 2021-05-20 2021-05-20 Flame-retardant glass nanofiber composite battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof Pending CN113285173A (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN85108034A (en) * 1985-11-04 1987-07-22 国家建筑材料工业局南京玻璃纤维研究设计院 Fibreglass diaphragm for lithium cell
CN101728504A (en) * 2009-12-04 2010-06-09 中国海诚工程科技股份有限公司 Lithium ion battery diaphragm flexible substrate by wet papermaking and manufacturing method thereof
CN102522513A (en) * 2011-12-19 2012-06-27 中材科技股份有限公司 Glass fiber battery membrane and preparation method thereof
WO2016158654A1 (en) * 2015-03-30 2016-10-06 日本板硝子株式会社 Separator for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
CN108682774A (en) * 2018-06-12 2018-10-19 桑德集团有限公司 Diaphragm and preparation method thereof, lithium battery
CN109428035A (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-05 比亚迪股份有限公司 Battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN109585751A (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-04-05 东莞理工学院 A kind of high strength fibre structure lithium electric separator and its preparation method and application
CN110528314A (en) * 2019-06-19 2019-12-03 武汉纺织大学 A kind of composite sheet and its preparation method and application of the polyphenylene sulfide superfine fiber containing melt-blown

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN85108034A (en) * 1985-11-04 1987-07-22 国家建筑材料工业局南京玻璃纤维研究设计院 Fibreglass diaphragm for lithium cell
CN101728504A (en) * 2009-12-04 2010-06-09 中国海诚工程科技股份有限公司 Lithium ion battery diaphragm flexible substrate by wet papermaking and manufacturing method thereof
CN102522513A (en) * 2011-12-19 2012-06-27 中材科技股份有限公司 Glass fiber battery membrane and preparation method thereof
WO2016158654A1 (en) * 2015-03-30 2016-10-06 日本板硝子株式会社 Separator for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
CN109428035A (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-05 比亚迪股份有限公司 Battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN108682774A (en) * 2018-06-12 2018-10-19 桑德集团有限公司 Diaphragm and preparation method thereof, lithium battery
CN109585751A (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-04-05 东莞理工学院 A kind of high strength fibre structure lithium electric separator and its preparation method and application
CN110528314A (en) * 2019-06-19 2019-12-03 武汉纺织大学 A kind of composite sheet and its preparation method and application of the polyphenylene sulfide superfine fiber containing melt-blown

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Application publication date: 20210820