Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a machine tool structure for machining a spline shaft, which can increase the rigidity of the machine tool and obviously improve the machining precision by symmetrically machining double side surfaces through a double-cutter main shaft.
According to an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine tool structure for spline shaft machining, including: a machine tool base; the workbench is movably arranged on the machine tool base along the X direction, and a workpiece spindle used for clamping a strip-shaped workpiece along the X direction is arranged on the workbench; the gantry upright is erected on the machine tool base, a Y-direction sliding plate moving along the Y direction is arranged on the gantry upright, two groups of grinding wheel spindles are arranged on the Y-direction sliding plate, and the grinding wheel spindles in each group can move up and down along the Z direction to be positioned on two sides of the axis of the workpiece spindle.
According to the machine tool structure for processing the spline shaft in the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the workpiece spindle is an indexing spindle, and an encoder is installed at the rear end of the spindle to drive the clamped strip-shaped workpiece to rotate for angular positioning.
According to the machine tool structure for processing the spline shaft in the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the workbench is further provided with a workpiece jacking tailstock at the far end of the workpiece spindle.
According to the machine tool structure for processing the spline shaft in the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the workpiece tightening tailstock is arranged at the rear side of the gantry upright column, the workpiece tightening tailstock adopts a centre structure, and the workpiece tightening tailstock drives the centre structure through hydraulic pressure to tighten the end part of the strip-shaped workpiece.
According to the machine tool structure for processing the spline shaft in the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the machine tool base is provided with the guide rail along the X direction, the bottom of the workbench is provided with the plurality of sliding blocks moving along the guide rail along the X direction, and the machine tool base is provided with the first ball screw for driving the workbench to move along the X direction.
According to the machine tool structure for processing the spline shaft, the grating ruler is laid on the two sides of the guide rail in the X direction on the machine tool base.
According to the machine tool structure for processing the spline shaft in the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, each grinding wheel spindle is respectively mounted on a Z-direction sliding plate which can move along the Z direction, and the Z-direction sliding plate moves along the Y direction along with the Y-direction sliding plate.
According to the machine tool structure for spline shaft processing in the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, two Z-direction sliding plates are respectively mounted on two Y-direction sliding plates which are separated from each other.
According to the machine tool structure for processing the spline shaft in the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, each Z-direction sliding plate is provided with a servo motor for driving the swing angle of the grinding wheel spindle.
One of the above technical solutions of the present invention has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects:
according to the machine tool structure for machining the spline shaft, the strip-shaped workpiece is clamped between the two groups of grinding wheel main shafts through the workpiece main shafts, the two groups of grinding wheel main shafts are respectively driven to be positioned at the two sides of the strip-shaped workpiece through the gantry upright post and the Y-direction sliding plate so as to machine the strip-shaped workpiece from two sides and symmetrically, and meanwhile, the strip-shaped workpiece can be driven to be positioned and machined in a rotating mode through the workpiece main shafts.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" is to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection or a movable connection, a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through one or more other elements or indirectly connected through one or more other elements or in an interactive relationship between two elements.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different aspects of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a machine tool structure for spline shaft machining includes: a machine tool base 100; the worktable 200 is movably arranged on the machine tool base 100 along the X direction, and a workpiece spindle 210 used for clamping the strip-shaped workpiece 400 along the X direction is arranged on the worktable 200; the gantry upright 300 is erected on the machine tool base 100, a Y-direction sliding plate 310 moving along the Y direction is arranged on the gantry upright 300, two groups of grinding wheel spindles 320 are arranged on the Y-direction sliding plate 310, and each group of grinding wheel spindles 320 can move up and down along the Z direction to be positioned on two sides of the axis of the workpiece spindle 210.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the workpiece spindle 210 is an indexing spindle, and an encoder is installed at the rear end of the spindle to drive the clamped strip-shaped workpiece 400 to rotate for angular positioning.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the worktable 200 further includes a workpiece pressing tailstock 220 located at a distal end of the workpiece spindle 210.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the workpiece pressing tailstock 220 is disposed at the rear side of the gantry upright 300, the workpiece pressing tailstock 220 adopts a tip structure, and the workpiece pressing tailstock 220 presses the end of the strip-shaped workpiece 400 by hydraulically driving the tip structure.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the machine tool base 100 is provided with a guide rail along the X direction, the bottom of the working table 200 is provided with a plurality of sliding blocks moving along the guide rail along the X direction, and the machine tool base 100 is provided with a first ball screw driving the working table 200 to move along the X direction.
In some embodiments of the present invention, grating scales are laid on two sides of the guide rail along the X direction on the machine tool base 100.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each grinding wheel spindle 320 is mounted on a Z-slide 330 that is movable in the Z-direction, and the Z-slide 330 moves in the Y-direction with the Y-slide 310.
In some embodiments of the present invention, two Z-direction sliding plates 330 are respectively installed on two Y-direction sliding plates 310 separated from each other.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each Z-slide 330 is provided with a servo motor for driving the swing angle of the grinding wheel spindle 320.
According to the machine tool structure for machining the spline shaft, the strip-shaped workpiece 400 is clamped between the two groups of grinding wheel main shafts 320 through the workpiece main shaft 210, the two groups of grinding wheel main shafts 320 are respectively driven to be positioned at the two sides of the strip-shaped workpiece 400 through the gantry upright post 300 and the Y-direction sliding plate 310 so as to machine the strip-shaped workpiece 400 from two sides and symmetrically, and meanwhile, the strip-shaped workpiece 400 can be driven to rotate and be positioned through the workpiece main shaft 210 for machining.
The machine tool structure has five fully closed-loop linear shafts, at least one workpiece rotating shaft and three power spindles. The machine tool structure adopts the gantry upright 300 and is supposed to be arranged at two sides of the workbench 200 of the machine tool base 100, so that the whole machine tool has better rigidity and the machining process is more stable.
The workbench 200 can realize X-direction movement on the machine tool base 100, and drives the workpiece spindle 210 and the workpiece jacking tailstock 220 to move along the X-direction, the Y-direction sliding plate 310 arranged independently on the left and right drives the Z-direction sliding plate 330 to move left and right, the Z-direction sliding plate 330 drives the grinding wheel spindle 320 on the Y-direction sliding plate 310 to move up and down, and the grinding wheel spindle 320 rotates to drive a grinding wheel to rotate to realize processing.
The machine tool base 100 is made of high-quality inoculated cast iron and supports the whole structure of the machine tool, so that the machine tool structure is stable, and the machine tool base 100 also has a water receiving function, so that cooling liquid is completely recycled. A driving mechanism formed by a precise high-rigidity guide rail and a ball screw, which operate in an X-direction sliding plate, is arranged on a machine tool body, the guide rail is composed of two linear guide rails and four sliding blocks, and a high-precision grating ruler is laid along the guide rail and used as a feedback unit, so that the high-precision operation of the machine tool is realized.
The workbench 200 is installed on the driving mechanism, high-quality inoculated cast iron is adopted, the top surface is machined to be smooth, and convenience in installation of tools on the workbench 200 is guaranteed.
The workpiece spindle 210 is mounted on the workbench 200, the workpiece spindle 210 is an indexing spindle of an electric spindle structure, and a high-precision encoder is mounted at the rear end of the workpiece spindle, so that the workpiece spindle 210 is stable in overall operation and high in indexing precision, and the spindle is of a hydraulic locking structure, and is stable in rigidity in the machining process.
Relative to the workpiece spindle 210, the work table 200 is further provided with a workpiece tightly-pushing tailstock 220, the workpiece tightly-pushing tailstock 220 adopts a dead center structure, and a tailstock sleeve adopts a hydraulic structure, so that the strip-shaped workpiece 400 can be quickly and conveniently pushed tightly.
The gantry upright 300 is mounted on the machine tool body, the gantry upright 300 is made of high-quality inoculated cast iron, a square grid rib plate dense distribution structure is adopted, the rigidity is good, the weight is light, the bearing capacity is large, and a Y-axis screw rod and a guide rail are mounted on the gantry upright 300. The Y-direction sliding plate 310 is installed on the upper part of the gantry upright 300, and drives the Z-direction sliding plate 330 to move left and right through the Y-direction linear guide rail and the ball screw driving unit. The Y-direction sliding plate 310 is made of high-strength casting parts, the operation of the Y-direction sliding plate 310 is made of a high-precision detection grating ruler, and the high-precision detection grating ruler feeds actual running values of the Y-direction sliding plate 310 back to the numerical control system, so that the Y-direction sliding plate 310 obtains a high-precision positioning position.
The Z-direction sliding plate 330 is made of high-rigidity ball-milling cast iron, is convenient to mold and good in rigidity, moves up and down on the Y-direction sliding plate 310 through a driving unit consisting of a Z-axis linear guide rail and a lead screw, so that the grinding wheel spindle 320 drives a grinding wheel to realize the up-and-down feeding movement required by machining, and the Z-direction sliding plate 330 also adopts a high-precision detection grating ruler, so that the Z-direction sliding plate 330 obtains a very high-precision positioning position. The grinding wheel spindle 320 is driven by a built-in motor, has large rotation torque, and is adjusted by a frequency converter to meet the requirement of the grinding wheel processing rotating speed.
The machine tool structure mainly realizes finish machining of the groove-shaped part of the spline shaft part, and the machine tool structure is provided with two grinding wheel main shafts 320, so that different machining process requirements can be met.
Firstly, groove shapes can be simultaneously processed on the grinding wheel main shafts 320 on the two sides, rough machining and finish machining can be performed through the two grinding wheel main shafts 320, high-efficiency machining is performed on one grinding wheel main shaft 320, high-precision machining is performed on the other grinding wheel main shaft 320, one-step forming machining of a single-side plane and a single-side chamfer can be performed through forming correction of the grinding wheels, and procedure aggregation is achieved.
In the process of machining through the machine tool structure, firstly, the strip-shaped workpiece 400 is installed between the workpiece spindle 210 and the workpiece jacking tailstock 220, the key groove centering is positioned through the key groove aligning mechanism, and the part is firmly positioned at a required position through the indexing alignment of the workpiece spindle 210. The grinding wheel spindles 320 on the two sides move to the machining area through the movement in the Y direction and the Z direction, and then the grinding wheel spindles 320 are started to start the cooling liquid to realize machining.
The machining process includes rough machining one side structure of the workpiece via one side of the grinding wheel spindle 320, rough machining the other side via the reverse side, finishing two sides of the grinding wheel separately, and finish machining the two sides of the spline groove successively.
In this machine tool structure, the two grinding wheel spindles 320 may be machined simultaneously or separately.
Abrasion is generated when the grinding wheel is used, and automatic dressing needs to be realized on a machine tool through a tooth-shaped grinding wheel dresser.
According to the invention, through the high-rigidity machine tool structure, the high-efficiency machining of the double grinding heads is realized, and the high-rigidity machine tool ensures the high precision of the machining. The machine tool has high compositing degree and good precision guarantee.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.