CN113243272B - High-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method - Google Patents
High-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting seeds of rhizoma atractylodis, adding fine sand and covering, placing in a cool environment for 1-3 days, soaking the seeds in warm water until the seeds are full of water, placing the seeds in a seedling raising substrate for raising seedlings, and covering pine needles and/or straws until the seedlings break the ground; (2) selecting a planting land, deeply ploughing, applying an organic fertilizer, leveling the land, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel; (3) transplanting the seedlings into a planting field at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, topdressing diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and a microbial agent per mu, and removing buds in batches in sunny days after the buds emerge; (4) periodically cleaning weeds and performing pest control. The method can obtain the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae with higher yield and better quality, obtain higher economic benefit, and effectively solve the problems of lower effective component, low emergence rate, lower yield and the like of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rhizoma atractylodis breeding, and particularly relates to a high-yield rhizoma atractylodis seedling cultivation and planting method.
Background
The medicinal part of the Atractylodes lancea L.of Compositae is rhizome of Atractylodes lancea L.of Compositae, which grows at the altitude of 300-1000 m, and is favorable for cool, mild, sunny and dry areas, and has strong cold resistance, high temperature and humidity resistance, water resistance, high soil humidity, easy rotting and disease occurrence, thereby reducing yield and even preventing harvest. However, the existing breeding and planting modes of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae have low yield, cannot obtain high economic benefit, have low emergence rate, reduce the quality of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, reduce the use value of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae due to low content of effective components such as total flavone, atractylodin and soluble protein and the like, and limit popularization and application of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method, which can obtain the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae with higher yield and better quality, obtain higher economic benefit, and effectively solve the problems of lower effective component, low emergence rate, lower yield and the like of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand 2-4 times the weight of the seeds, covering, placing in a cool environment for 1-3d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, placing the seeds in a seedling substrate for seedling culture at 0.3-0.5, and covering pine needles and/or straws until the seedlings break the soil;
(2) selecting a planting field with a gradient of 20-30 degrees, deep ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizer, leveling the ground, making a bed, arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed height is 15-20cm, the width is 1-2m, and the bed interval is 30-40 cm;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 10-15cm, the row spacing is 20-25cm, the plant spacing is 20-25cm, 10-15kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15kg of potassium sulfate and 2-2.5kg of microbial inoculum are applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and the weeding are kept, and after buds emerge, the buds are removed in batches in sunny days;
(4) periodically cleaning weeds and performing pest control.
Further, in the step (1), the water content of the fine sand is 50-80%.
Further, in the step (1), the water content of the fine sand is 60%.
Further, in the step (1), the seedling raising substrate comprises planting land soil, grass carbon, perlite and sphagnum moss, and the mass ratio of the planting land soil to the grass carbon to the perlite to the sphagnum moss is 1:2-4:1-2: 1.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1.
Further, the seedling substrate is prepared by the following method: and uniformly mixing the planting soil, the grass carbon, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing with a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 2-3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
Further, in the step (1), the covering is pine needles and/or straws, and the thickness is 3-6 cm.
Further, in the step (2), the organic fertilizer is decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, and 2200kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 500kg of humic acid are applied per mu.
Further, in the step (2), the east side of the hillside is selected to prevent the sunshine insolation in the noon and the afternoon, and sandy loam with the elevation of 600-.
Further, in the step (3), the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum.
Further, the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus licheniformis is 1: 1.
Furthermore, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 9-10 hundred million/g, the viable count of the bacillus licheniformis is 9-10 hundred million/g, and the viable count of the trichoderma harzianum is 3-4 hundred million/g.
Further, in the step (4), in the pest control, biological control is carried out on aphids by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
Further, in the step (4), 70-80 wt% of zineb solution and 40-60 wt% of carbendazim solution are alternately used for 2-3 times to prevent and control the black spot; spraying 800 times of 40-60 wt% of thiophanate methyl liquid every 7-9 days on a cloudy day to prevent and treat southern blight. When the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, the medicine is adopted for prevention, otherwise, the biological prevention is generally adopted as much as possible, and the use of the medicine is reduced.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method improves the breeding process of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, improves the emergence rate, can obtain the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae with higher yield and better quality, improves the contents of effective components such as total flavone, atractylodin, soluble protein and the like, obtains higher economic benefit, and effectively solves the problems of lower effective components, low emergence rate, lower yield and the like of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae in the prior art.
2. The method can shorten the time of seedling emergence, improve the rate of emergence of seeds, enable the obtained seedling plants to have better growth situation, and obtain robust excellent seedlings. When the seeds are soaked in warm water, the seeds are ready for seedling culture, sufficient moisture is stored, and the seedling culture time is shortened. The seedling raising substrate is obtained by mixing, sterilizing and disinfecting the planting land soil, the grass carbon, the perlite and the sphagnum, the substrate is good in air permeability and high in organic matter content, the porosity is good, the requirement of seeds in a germination stage on air can be met, meanwhile, the water absorption capacity and the water retention capacity are high, the saturated water content is higher than 60%, the seedling raising rate is improved, seedlings are uniform, and the subsequent transplanting and planting are facilitated; the seedling is grown in a depth of 0.3-0.5cm, the relative humidity of the seedling substrate in the depth is relatively stable, the seed germination and seedling morphogenesis are facilitated, and the emergence rate is improved; soil quality of planting land is loose, porosity of the seedling raising matrix is further improved by the turf and the perlite, air can more easily enter the matrix for use during seed germination, and water absorption capacity and water retention capacity of the matrix can be improved by sphagnum so as to promote seed germination. When the mulch is used, in order to shade, the temperature and the humidity of soil are kept well, the seed germination is promoted, the seedling emergence and the plant growth of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds are facilitated, and the seedling emergence rate is improved.
3. After deep ploughing of the selected land, applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, specifically decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, so that the soil fertility is increased, the growth of transplanted seedlings is facilitated, the requirement of rapid growth of the rhizoma atractylodis sinensis is met, the decomposed cattle and sheep manure and the humic acid can improve the nutrient distribution of sandy loam, the drought resistance and disease resistance of the rhizoma atractylodis sinensis are improved, and the water and fertilizer utilization rate of the planting land is improved; slope setting and drainage canal etc. do benefit to the drainage, keep planting field dry and humid. Topdressing after transplanting, and adding a microbial agent to improve the yield of the rhizoma atractylodis and the content of atractylodin and improve the quality of the rhizoma atractylodis; the trichoderma harzianum can prevent plant diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria such as pythium aphanidermatum, rhizoctonia solani, fusarium, rhizopus nigricans, stylospora esculenta, sclerotinia sclerotiorum and sclerotinia rolfsii, can secrete a part of antibiotics, can inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacteria, reduce the harm of the pathogenic bacteria, can generate compounds for stimulating the growth of the rhizoma atractylodis and inducing the defense reaction of plants, improves the microenvironment of root systems, enhances the growth vigor and the disease resistance, and improves the yield and the income of the rhizoma atractylodis; the bacillus licheniformis can kill pathogenic bacteria and has a disease-resistant effect, the bacillus subtilis can increase the resistance of the rhizoma atractylodis north, the bacillus subtilis also has a nitrogen fixation effect and improves the soil fertility, the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus licheniformis can only be 1:1, the bacillus licheniformis is not beneficial to killing pathogenic bacteria, the rhizoma atractylodis north can be adversely affected when the bacillus subtilis is too low, the disease-resistant capability of the rhizoma atractylodis north is adversely affected when the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis are too high, flower buds are removed for effective utilization of soil nutrient substances, and after the flower buds are removed, nutrients are concentrated at the root part, the growth of a root system is promoted, the absorption of the nutrient substances is facilitated, and the improvement of the later-stage yield is promoted. And performing pest control, namely adopting a zineb solution and a carbendazim solution to control black spot, adopting thiophanate methyl to control southern blight, and when other pests and diseases occur, also adopting a corresponding control means to perform treatment.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 50% and 2 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 1d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, placing the seeds in a seedling culture substrate for seedling culture at a position of 0.3cm, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 2 days, and spreading and insolating to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:2:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 600m and the gradient of 20 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2000kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 300kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed is 15cm high, 1m wide and 30cm apart from the bed;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 10cm, the row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, 10kg of diammonium phosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate and 2kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in sunny days; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the number of live bacillus subtilis is 9 hundred million/g, the number of live bacillus licheniformis is 9 hundred million/g, and the number of live trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: biological control of aphids is carried out by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
Example 2
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis sinensis seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 60% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 52 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, placing the seeds in a seedling culture substrate for seedling culture at a position of 0.4cm, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling raising substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 2 days, and spreading and insolating to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the grass carbon to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 800m and the gradient of 25 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2100kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 400kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, wherein the height of the bed is 18cm, the width of the bed is 1-2m, the distance between beds is 30cm, and arranging a drainage channel;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 15cm, the row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, 12kg of diammonium phosphate, 12kg of potassium sulfate and 2.2kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and the weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in a sunny day; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the number of live bacillus subtilis is 9 hundred million/g, the number of live bacillus licheniformis is 9 hundred million/g, and the number of live trichoderma harzianum is 4 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: biological control of aphids is carried out by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
Example 3
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 53 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, putting the seeds into a seedling substrate at a position of 0.4cm for seedling cultivation, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 1000m and the gradient of 30 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2100kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 400kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed is 20cm high, 1m wide and 40cm apart from the bed;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, 13kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of potassium sulfate and 2.3kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in a sunny day; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the number of live bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, the number of live bacillus licheniformis is 10 hundred million/g, and the number of live trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: biological control of aphids is carried out by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
Example 4
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 80% and 4 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 3d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, putting the seeds into a seedling substrate for seedling cultivation at a position of 0.5cm, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:4:2: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with an altitude of 1200m and a gradient of 30 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2200kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 500kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, wherein the bed is 20cm high, 2m wide and 40cm apart from the bed, and arranging a drainage channel;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) in the middle and upper ten days of 5 months or the middle and lower ten days of 9 months, wherein the depth of a hole is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, 15kg of diammonium phosphate, 15kg of potassium sulfate and 2.5kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in sunny days; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the number of live bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, the number of live bacillus licheniformis is 10 hundred million/g, and the number of live trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: biological control of aphids is carried out by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
Comparative example 1
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma Atractylodis, refrigerating in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for 2d, soaking in warm water at 53 deg.C until water is absorbed fully, placing the seed in 0.4cm position of seedling substrate for seedling, and spreading a layer of covering material (folium Pini and rice straw) until the seedling is broken; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 1000m and the gradient of 30 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2100kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 400kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed is 20cm high, 1m wide and 40cm apart from the bed;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, 13kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of potassium sulfate and 2.3kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in a sunny day; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the number of live bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, the number of live bacillus licheniformis is 10 hundred million/g, and the number of live trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: the aphids are biologically controlled by the aphid hornworms or the ladybug in spring and summer.
Comparative example 2
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma Atractylodis, standing at room temperature for 2 days, soaking in 53 deg.C warm water until water is full, placing the seed in 0.4cm position of seedling substrate for seedling, and spreading a layer of covering material (folium Pini and rice straw) until the seedling breaks the ground; the seedling raising substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 1000m and the gradient of 30 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2100kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 400kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed is 20cm high, 1m wide and 40cm apart from the bed;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, 13kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of potassium sulfate and 2.3kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in a sunny day; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the number of live bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, the number of live bacillus licheniformis is 10 hundred million/g, and the number of live trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: biological control of aphids is carried out by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
Comparative example 3
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 53 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, putting the seeds into a seedling substrate at a position of 0.4cm for seedling cultivation, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate is formed by mixing planting soil, grass peat and perlite according to a mass ratio of 1:3: 1;
(2) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 53 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, putting the seeds into a seedling substrate at a position of 0.4cm for seedling cultivation, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 1000m and the gradient of 30 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2100kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 400kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed is 20cm high, 1m wide and 40cm apart from the bed;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, 13kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of potassium sulfate and 2.3kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in a sunny day; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the number of live bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, the number of live bacillus licheniformis is 10 hundred million/g, and the number of live trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: biological control of aphids is carried out by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
Comparative example 4
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 24 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, placing the seeds in a seedling culture substrate for seedling culture at a position of 0.4cm, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate is formed by mixing grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite according to the mass ratio of 1:3: 1;
(2) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 53 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, putting the seeds into a seedling substrate at a position of 0.4cm for seedling cultivation, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the grass carbon, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing with a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and insolating to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam on the east side of a hillside with the elevation of 1000m and the gradient of 30 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2100kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 400kg of humic acid per mu), leveling the ground, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed is 20cm high, 1m wide and 40cm far from the bed;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, 13kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of potassium sulfate and 2.3kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in a sunny day; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the number of live bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, the number of live bacillus licheniformis is 10 hundred million/g, and the number of live trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: biological control of aphids is carried out by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
Comparative example 5
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 53 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, placing the seeds in a seedling substrate for seedling culture at a position of 1cm, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 53 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, putting the seeds into a seedling substrate at a position of 0.4cm for seedling cultivation, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 1000m and the gradient of 30 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2100kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 400kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed is 20cm high, 1m wide and 40cm apart from the bed;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, 13kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of potassium sulfate and 2.3kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in a sunny day; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the number of live bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, the number of live bacillus licheniformis is 10 hundred million/g, and the number of live trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: biological control of aphids is carried out by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
Comparative example 6
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, placing in a shady and cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 53 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, placing the seeds in a seedling substrate for seedling culture at a position of 2cm, and paving a layer of covering materials (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 53 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, putting the seeds into a seedling substrate at a position of 0.4cm for seedling cultivation, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the grass carbon, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing with a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and insolating to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 1000m and the gradient of 30 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2100kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 400kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed is 20cm high, 1m wide and 40cm apart from the bed;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, 13kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of potassium sulfate and 2.3kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in a sunny day; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the number of live bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, the number of live bacillus licheniformis is 10 hundred million/g, and the number of live trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: the aphids are biologically controlled by the aphid hornworms or the ladybug in spring and summer.
Comparative example 7
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 53 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, putting the seeds into a seedling substrate at a position of 0.4cm for seedling cultivation, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 1000m and the gradient of 30 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2100kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 400kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed is 20cm high, 1m wide and 40cm apart from the bed;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, 13kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of potassium sulfate and 2.3kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in a sunny day; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, and the viable count of the trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: biological control of aphids is carried out by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
Comparative example 8
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 53 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, putting the seeds into a seedling substrate at a position of 0.4cm for seedling cultivation, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 1000m and the gradient of 30 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2100kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 400kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed is 20cm high, 1m wide and 40cm apart from the bed;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, 13kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of potassium sulfate and 2.3kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in a sunny day; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the number of live bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, the number of live bacillus licheniformis is 13 hundred million/g, and the number of live trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: biological control of aphids is carried out by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
Comparative example 9
A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand with water content of 70% and 3 mass times of the seeds, covering, standing in a cool environment for 2d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 53 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, putting the seeds into a seedling substrate at a position of 0.4cm for seedling cultivation, and paving a layer of covering material (pine needles and straws) until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling raising substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain a seedling culture medium; the mass ratio of the planting soil to the turf to the perlite to the sphagnum is 1:3:1: 1;
(2) selecting sandy loam with the altitude of 1000m and the gradient of 30 degrees as a planting field, deeply ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, 2100kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 400kg of humic acid per mu), flatly planting, making a bed, and arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed is 20cm high, 1m wide and 40cm apart from the bed;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 15cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, 13kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of potassium sulfate and 2.3kg of microbial agent are additionally applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and weeding are kept, and after buds appear, the buds are removed in batches in a sunny day; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 7 hundred million/g, the viable count of the bacillus licheniformis is 10 hundred million/g, and the viable count of the trichoderma harzianum is 3 hundred million/g;
(4) and (3) periodically cleaning weeds, and performing pest control: the aphids are biologically controlled by the aphid hornworms or the ladybug in spring and summer.
Experimental example 1
The breeding methods of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-6 are respectively adopted to carry out the breeding of the Atractylodes chinensis, the emergence rate statistics is carried out after the emergence of the seeds, the plant growth traits are investigated, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical Table of emergence rate and plant growth traits
As can be seen from Table 1, the results of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 show that the method of covering and placing the seeds with the fine hydrous sand after seed selection can improve the emergence rate of the seeds and obtain better plant characters, because the fine hydrous sand can enable the plants to have better growth situation, shorten the emergence time and facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The results of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 3 to 4 show that when the seedling raising substrate is the highest rate of emergence of the soil of the planting field, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum, the plant growth condition is better, because the seedling raising substrate has better air permeability and porosity, the air can be conveniently introduced to meet the requirements of germination, and the water absorption capacity and the water retention capacity of the substrate are stronger. The results of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 5-6 show that the seedling depth has an important effect on the seedling of the seeds of the Atractylodes chinensis, and the depth of 0.3-0.5cm is more beneficial to the seed germination and the seedling morphogenesis, and the emergence rate is improved. The results of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 7-9 show that the microbial agent consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum can kill pathogenic bacteria, improve the disease resistance of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, improve the growth microenvironment of root systems, and improve the rate of emergence, and the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis to bacillus licheniformis is 1:1, and the effect is optimal.
Experimental example 2
The soluble protein content (Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining method), the atractylodin content (HPLC method) and the total flavone content in leaves (control method: standard curve) in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-6 were measured, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 determination of the content of active ingredient
As can be seen from Table 2, the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae obtained by the breeding method disclosed by the invention is high in soluble protein, total flavone and atractylodin content, the content of active ingredients in the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is effectively increased by the breeding method, the quality is better, the economic benefit of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae planting can be improved, and the popularization, the planting and the application of the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae are facilitated.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it should not be construed as limited by the scope of the present patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling growing and planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting full-seed rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seeds, adding fine sand 2-4 times the weight of the seeds, covering, placing in a cool environment for 1-3d, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃ until the seeds are full of water, placing the seeds in a seedling substrate for seedling culture at a position of 0.3-0.5cm, and covering pine needles and/or straws until the seedlings break the soil; the seedling culture substrate comprises planting land soil, grass carbon, perlite and sphagnum moss, and the mass ratio of the planting land soil to the grass carbon to the perlite to the sphagnum moss is 1:2-4:1-2: 1;
(2) selecting a planting field with a gradient of 20-30 degrees, deep ploughing for more than 30cm, applying organic fertilizer, leveling the ground, making a bed, arranging a drainage channel, wherein the bed height is 15-20cm, the width is 1-2m, and the bed interval is 30-40 cm;
(3) transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step (1) into the planting field obtained in the step (2) at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the hole depth is 10-15cm, the row spacing is 20-25cm, the plant spacing is 20-25cm, 10-15kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15kg of potassium sulfate and 2-2.5kg of microbial inoculum are applied to each mu of land, the soil moisture and the weeding are kept, and after buds emerge, the buds are removed in batches in sunny days; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma harzianum, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus licheniformis is 1: 1; the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 9-10 hundred million/g, the viable count of the bacillus licheniformis is 9-10 hundred million/g, and the viable count of the trichoderma harzianum is 3-4 hundred million/g;
(4) periodically cleaning weeds and performing pest control.
2. The high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling raising and planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the water content of the fine sand is 50-80%.
3. The high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling raising and planting method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling raising substrate is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the planting soil, the turf, the perlite and the sphagnum moss, sterilizing, sealing by using a plastic film, standing at room temperature for 2-3 days, and flatly spreading and exposing to the sun to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
4. The high-yield rhizoma atractylodis sinensis seedling planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the organic fertilizer is decomposed cattle and sheep manure and humic acid, and 2200kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure and 500kg of humic acid are applied per mu.
5. The method for cultivating seedlings of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae with high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the east side of the hillside is selected to prevent the sunshine insolation in the middle and afternoon, and sandy loam with the elevation of 600-1200m is used as the cultivation land.
6. The high-yield rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae seedling raising and planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), in pest control, aphids are biologically controlled by aphidiidae or ladybug in spring and summer.
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