CN113207406A - Ridge-culture potato vine crushing machine - Google Patents

Ridge-culture potato vine crushing machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113207406A
CN113207406A CN202110517583.5A CN202110517583A CN113207406A CN 113207406 A CN113207406 A CN 113207406A CN 202110517583 A CN202110517583 A CN 202110517583A CN 113207406 A CN113207406 A CN 113207406A
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China
Prior art keywords
ridge
cutter
frame
vine
adjusting
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Granted
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CN202110517583.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113207406B (en
Inventor
柳国光
程林润
张良
王涛
黄赟
蒋梅巧
徐锦大
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Zhejiang Agricultural Machinery Research Institute
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Zhejiang Agricultural Machinery Research Institute
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Priority to CN202110517583.5A priority Critical patent/CN113207406B/en
Publication of CN113207406A publication Critical patent/CN113207406A/en
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Publication of CN113207406B publication Critical patent/CN113207406B/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D23/00Topping machines
    • A01D23/02Topping machines cutting the tops before being lifted
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D23/00Topping machines
    • A01D23/02Topping machines cutting the tops before being lifted
    • A01D2023/026Devices with movable knives for topping, e.g. rotatable cutting disks
    • A01D2023/028Cutters rotating around a shaft forming a cutting rotor

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a ridge culture potato vine crushing machine, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. It has solved the insufficient or cut problem such as potato and sweet potato piece of current tendril crusher cutting. The automatic potato vine cutting and vine crushing machine is characterized in that the rack is also provided with an automatic adjusting device for adjusting the height of the rack and keeping the relative distance between the cutting device and the ridge top unchanged. The invention has the advantages that the height of the profiling ground wheel can be automatically adjusted according to the change of the height of the ridge; the seedling breaking knife is prevented from being broken by a safety pin.

Description

Ridge-culture potato vine crushing machine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and relates to a ridge culture potato vine crushing machine.
Background
The vines of potatoes and sweet potatoes in the mature period are flourishing, the vines need to be removed firstly in order to prevent the vines from being wound during mechanical excavation, at present, most of potato vine crushers which are used more are used for opening the vine crushers between two furrows, driving along ridges and cutting the vines through a cutting device arranged on the vine crushers.
The common vine crusher is fixed on a tractor in a three-point suspension mode, a cutting device for cutting vines is arranged on the vine crusher, meanwhile, the ridge tops of ridges are uneven in height, but the height of the cutting device from the bottom of a furrow in contact with the rear wheel of the tractor is fixed, when cutting operation is carried out, the ridge top with the lower height is far away from the cutting device, so that cutting is insufficient, the ridge top with the higher height is close to the cutting device, a cutter on the cutting device can touch the ridge top, damage is caused to the cutter, or potatoes and sweet potato blocks are cut, and when the number of land blocks is large, the condition that the cutter is broken can occur, so that normal use of the vine crusher is affected.
Under the conditions, the vines which are not fully cut on the ridges need to be manually treated for the second time, or the loss of the sweet potatoes is caused, the cost of manual operation and the damage loss of the potatoes are increased, and the subsequent mechanized harvesting is influenced because the vine crushing effect is not ideal. With the increase of the land circulation speed, the number of big domestic potato and sweet potato planting households is continuously increased, and the demand of ridge culture potato vine crushing equipment with higher production efficiency is more and more urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the existing vine crusher and provides a vine crusher which can adjust the distance between a cutting mechanism of the vine crusher and the top of a ridge in real time so that a cutting device on the vine crusher can fully cut vines without damaging potato blocks and a cutter.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a ridge culture potato vine crusher comprises a rack, wherein a cutting device is arranged on the rack and used for cutting potato vines, the vine crusher further comprises a travelling mechanism with a travelling function, the travelling mechanism is connected with the rack and drives the rack to travel and provides power for the cutting device, and the ridge culture potato vine crusher is characterized in that an automatic adjusting device is further arranged on the rack and used for adjusting the height of the rack and keeping the relative distance between the cutting device and a ridge top unchanged.
In the ridge culture potato vine crushing machine, the automatic adjusting device comprises a land wheel and a idler wheel, one end of the frame is rotatably connected with the travelling mechanism, the other end of the frame is supported by the land wheel, a telescopic assembly is arranged between the land wheel and the frame to enable the frame to lift relative to the land wheel, the idler wheel is arranged on one side close to the cutting device, the idler wheel is elastically abutted against the ridge top and can lift relative to the frame, and a ridge height adjusting assembly is arranged between the idler wheel and the frame and used for driving the frame to lift relative to the land wheel.
In the ridge-culture potato vine crushing machine, the ridge height adjusting assembly comprises a support rod, a steel wire rope and rotating wheels, the two rotating wheels are horizontally arranged on the rack at intervals, the steel wire rope is wound on the two rotating wheels in a closed mode, the idler wheel is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the support rod, the rotating wheel is rotatably arranged at the upper end of the support rod, the rotating wheel on the support rod upwards jacks the upper half part of the steel wire rope, and a reset spring is further arranged between the support rod and the rack.
In an above-mentioned ridge culture potato vine crushing machine, the ridge height adjustment subassembly still include the straining device who is used for adjusting the tensioning of wire rope, and this straining device includes tensioning screw rod, tensioning seat, regulating plate, cutting device's top is fixed and is equipped with a dustcoat, and the regulating plate is fixed to be set up on this dustcoat, and the tensioning seat sets up at the regulating plate and can follow the direction round trip movement of wire rope tensioning relative to the regulating plate, tensioning screw rod threaded connection is on the regulating plate, and the one end of tensioning screw rod supports and leans on the tensioning seat, and wherein a set of runner rotates and sets up on this tensioning seat.
In the ridge culture potato vine smashing machine, the telescopic assembly comprises a telescopic pipe, a telescopic rod, an adjusting screw rod and a spring, the telescopic pipe is fixedly connected with the frame, the spring is arranged in an inner cavity of the telescopic pipe, the adjusting screw rod is in threaded connection with the telescopic pipe, the lower end of the adjusting screw rod extends downwards into the inner cavity of the telescopic pipe and is elastically pressed on the upper end face of the spring, the telescopic rod is movably arranged in the telescopic pipe, the lower end of the telescopic pipe extends downwards out of the telescopic pipe, the land wheel is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod moves up and down to compress the spring. The screw is used for adjusting the pre-tightening force of the spring.
In the ridge-planting potato vine crushing machine, the cutting device comprises a cutter shaft and vine crushing cutters fixedly arranged on the cutter shaft, the cutter shaft is rotatably arranged on the rack, the vine crushing cutters are uniformly arranged at intervals along the spiral direction of the cutter shaft, each vine crushing cutter comprises a cutter holder and a cutter blade, the cutter holder is fixedly connected with the cutter shaft, and a cutter breakage preventing structure is arranged between the cutter blade and the cutter holder.
In the ridge-planting vine-crushing machine for potatoes, the anti-breaking cutter structure comprises a safety pin, a rotating pin and a spring locking plate, one end of a blade is rotatably arranged on a cutter holder through the rotating pin, the safety pin is arranged below the rotating pin and penetrates through the blade and the cutter holder so as to enable the blade to be fixedly connected with the cutter holder, an arc groove with the rotating pin as a circle center is formed in the cutter holder, one end of the arc groove is open, the spring locking plate is arranged at the opening, a rotation stopping pin is fixedly arranged on the blade, and the rotation stopping pin is clamped in the arc groove.
In the ridge culture potato vine crushing machine, the cutter holder is provided with an installation slot, the upper end of the spring locking plate is rotatably arranged on the cutter holder, and the lower end of the spring locking plate is downwards inserted into the installation slot.
In the ridge culture potato vine crushing machine, the rack is also provided with a gearbox, the input end of the gearbox is in transmission connection with the output end of a diesel engine arranged on the travelling mechanism, and the output end of the gearbox is in transmission connection with the cutter shaft.
In the ridge culture potato vine crushing machine, the travelling mechanism comprises a tractor.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the change of the height of the ridge, the height of the profiling ground wheel can be automatically adjusted, when the height of the ridge is increased, the support rod can be jacked up through the leaning wheel to push the steel wire rope on the ridge to pull upwards, the gravity of the seedling crushing machine is unchanged, after the support force of the middle leaning wheel is increased, the support force of the ground wheel is reduced, the compression amount of the spring is reduced, the distance between the ground wheel and the rack is increased, the distance between the cutting device and the ground is also increased, and the damage to potato blocks and vine crushing cutters caused by the fact that the cutting device hits the soil layer of the ridge and the potato blocks is avoided;
2. the seedling crushing knife is prevented from being broken by a safety pin: when a large stone is touched, the seedling crushing cutter is impacted, the whole blade is broken under the condition that the safety pin is not provided, the safety pin is broken according to the existing structure, then the whole blade rotates around the rotation pin, the rotation stopping pin pushes the spring locking plate to be separated from the installation slot until the rotation stopping pin rotates to the outer side of the spring locking plate and is blocked by the spring locking plate, so that the blade deviates from the cutter holder and is prevented from being collided again;
3. the vine chopping knives of the whole cutting device are distributed in the same direction, the full coverage of the cutting edges can be realized by a small number of vine chopping knives, and when the vine chopping knives are arranged symmetrically left and right, the gaps between the two vine chopping knives leak and the cutters need to be arranged in an encrypted manner to cover the gaps, so that the working load is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the ridge height adjustment assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the retraction assembly of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the vine breaking knife of the invention.
In the figure, 1, a frame; 2. a land wheel; 3. a idler wheel; 4. a stay bar; 5. a wire rope; 6. a rotating wheel; 7. a return spring; 8. tensioning the screw; 9. a tensioning seat; 10. an adjusting plate; 11. a telescopic pipe; 12. a telescopic rod; 13. adjusting the screw rod; 14. a spring; 15. a cutter shaft; 16. a vine crushing cutter; 17. a tool apron; 18. a blade; 19. a shear pin; 20. rotating the pin; 21. a spring locking plate; 22. a rotation stopping pin; 23. installing a slot; 24. a gearbox; 25. a housing.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the ridge-planted potato vine crusher of the present invention comprises a frame 1, wherein a cutting device is disposed on the frame 1 for cutting potato vines, and the ridge-planted potato vine crusher further comprises a traveling mechanism with a traveling function, the traveling mechanism is connected with the frame 1 to drive the frame 1 to travel and provide power for the cutting device, and the ridge-planted potato vine crusher is characterized in that an automatic adjusting device is further disposed on the frame 1 to adjust the height of the frame 1 and keep the relative distance between the cutting device and the ridge top constant.
Automatic regulating apparatus includes land wheel 2 and depended wheel 3, and the one end of frame 1 rotates with above-mentioned running gear to be connected, and its other end passes through land wheel 2 to be supported, is equipped with flexible subassembly so that frame 1 is relative land wheel 2 and goes up and down between land wheel 2 and the frame 1, depended wheel 3 sets up the one side of being close to cutting device, depended wheel 3 elasticity supports and leans on the ridge top and can go up and down relative frame 1, is equipped with the high adjusting part in ridge between depended wheel 3 and the frame 1 and is used for driving frame 1 relative land wheel 2 and goes up and down.
As shown in fig. 4, the ridge height adjusting assembly includes a stay bar 4, a steel wire rope 5 and two rotating wheels 6, the two rotating wheels 6 are horizontally arranged on the frame 1 at intervals, the steel wire rope 5 is closed and wound on the two rotating wheels 6, the leaning wheel 3 is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the stay bar 4, the upper end of the stay bar 4 is rotatably provided with one rotating wheel 6, the rotating wheel 6 on the stay bar 4 upwards jacks the upper half part of the steel wire rope 5, and a return spring 7 is further arranged between the stay bar 4 and the frame 1. The ridge height adjustment subassembly still including the straining device who is used for adjusting 5 tensioners of wire rope, this straining device includes tensioning screw 8, tensioning seat 9, regulating plate 10, cutting device's top is fixed and is equipped with an dustcoat 25, and regulating plate 10 is fixed to be set up on this dustcoat 25, and tensioning seat 9 sets up at regulating plate 10 and can follow the direction round trip movement of 5 tensioners of wire rope relatively regulating plate 10, 8 threaded connection of tensioning screw 10 are on regulating plate 10, and the one end of tensioning screw 8 supports and leans on tensioning seat 9, and wherein 6 rotations of a set of runner set up on this tensioning seat 9.
As shown in fig. 5, the telescopic assembly includes a telescopic tube 11, a telescopic rod 12, an adjusting screw 13 and a spring 14, the telescopic tube 11 is fixedly connected with the frame 1, the spring 14 is disposed in an inner cavity of the telescopic tube 11, the adjusting screw 13 is in threaded connection with the telescopic tube 11, a lower end of the adjusting screw 13 extends downward into the inner cavity of the telescopic tube 11 and is elastically pressed on an upper end surface of the spring 14, the telescopic rod 12 is movably disposed in the telescopic tube 11, a lower end of the telescopic tube 11 extends downward out of the telescopic tube 11, the ground wheel 2 is rotatably disposed at a lower end of the telescopic rod 12, and the telescopic rod 12 moves up and down to compress the spring 14. The screw is used to adjust the pretension of the spring 14.
As shown in fig. 6, the cutting device includes a cutter shaft 15 and vine chopping knives 16 fixedly arranged on the cutter shaft 15, the cutter shaft 15 is rotatably arranged on the frame 1, the vine chopping knives 16 are uniformly arranged along the spiral direction of the cutter shaft 15 at intervals, the vine chopping knives 16 include knife blocks 17 and blades 18, the knife blocks 17 are fixedly connected with the cutter shaft 15, and a knife breakage preventing structure is arranged between the blades 18 and the knife blocks 17. The anti-breaking knife structure comprises a safety pin 19, a rotating pin 20 and a spring locking plate 21, one end of a blade 18 is rotatably arranged on a knife holder 17 through the rotating pin 20, the safety pin 19 is arranged below the rotating pin 20 and penetrates through the blade 18 and the knife holder 17, so that the blade 18 is fixedly connected with the knife holder 17, an arc groove with the rotating pin 20 as a circle center is formed in the knife holder 17, one end of the arc groove is open, the spring locking plate 21 is arranged at the opening, a rotating stop pin 22 is fixedly arranged on the blade 18, the rotating stop pin 22 is clamped in the arc groove, an installation slot 23 is formed in the knife holder 17, the upper end of the spring locking plate 21 is rotatably arranged on the knife holder 17, and the lower end of the spring locking plate is downwards inserted into the installation slot 23.
The frame 1 is also provided with a gearbox 24, the input end of the gearbox 24 is in transmission connection with the output end of the diesel engine arranged on the travelling mechanism, and the output end of the gearbox 24 is in transmission connection with the cutter shaft 15. The running mechanism comprises a tractor.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the tractor drives the frame 1 to integrally advance or retreat, the idler wheel 3 rolls and abuts against the ridge top, the land wheel 2 rolls and abuts against two sides of the ridge, a diesel engine on the tractor drives the cutter shaft 15 to rotate through the gearbox 24, when the ridge is high, the support rod 4 is ejected through the idler wheel 3 to push the steel wire rope 5 on the upper surface to pull upwards, as the gravity of the seedling crusher is unchanged, after the middle support force rises, the ridge support force is reduced, the compression amount of the spring 14 is reduced, the distance between the land wheel 2 and the frame 1 is increased, the distance between the cutting device and the ground is also increased, and the cutting device is prevented from hitting the ridge; when the ridge step-down, vaulting pole 4 descends, and 3 holding power of depended wheel reduces, and 2 holding power of land wheel increase, and spring 14 compression grow on the telescopic link 12, and the distance of land wheel 2 and frame 1 reduces, then the distance of cutting device and ground also diminishes, has avoided the cutting device cutting insufficient.
It is to be understood that in the claims, the specification of the present invention, all "including … …" are to be interpreted in an open-ended sense, i.e., in a sense equivalent to "including at least … …", and not in a closed sense, i.e., in a sense not to be interpreted as "including only … …".
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A ridge culture potato vine crushing machine comprises a rack (1), wherein a cutting device is arranged on the rack (1) and used for cutting potato vines, the vine crushing machine further comprises a travelling mechanism with a travelling function, the travelling mechanism is connected with the rack (1) and drives the rack (1) to travel and provide power for the cutting device, and the ridge culture potato vine crushing machine is characterized in that an automatic adjusting device is further arranged on the rack (1) and used for adjusting the height of the rack (1) and keeping the relative distance between the cutting device and the ridge top unchanged.
2. The ridge-culture potato vine crushing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the automatic adjusting device comprises a land wheel (2) and a idler wheel (3), one end of the frame (1) is rotatably connected with the travelling mechanism, the other end of the frame is supported by the land wheel (2), a telescopic assembly is arranged between the land wheel (2) and the frame (1) to enable the frame (1) to lift relative to the land wheel (2), the idler wheel (3) is arranged on one side close to the cutting device, the idler wheel (3) is elastically abutted against the ridge top and can lift relative to the frame (1), and a ridge height adjusting assembly is arranged between the idler wheel (3) and the frame (1) to drive the frame (1) to lift relative to the land wheel (2).
3. The ridge culture potato vine crushing machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ridge height adjusting assembly comprises a stay bar (4), a steel wire rope (5) and rotating wheels (6), the two rotating wheels (6) are horizontally arranged on the frame (1) at intervals, the steel wire rope (5) is wound on the two rotating wheels (6) in a closed mode, the idler wheel (3) is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the stay bar (4), the upper end of the stay bar (4) is rotatably provided with one rotating wheel (6), the rotating wheel (6) on the stay bar (4) upwards jacks the upper half part of the steel wire rope (5), and a return spring (7) is further arranged between the stay bar (4) and the frame (1).
4. A ridge culture potato vine shredder according to claim 3, wherein the ridge height adjusting assembly further comprises a tensioning mechanism for adjusting the tension of the steel wire rope (5), the tensioning mechanism comprises a tensioning screw (8), a tensioning seat (9) and an adjusting plate (10), a housing (25) is fixedly arranged on the top of the cutting device, the adjusting plate (10) is fixedly arranged on the housing (25), the tensioning seat (9) is arranged on the adjusting plate (10) and can move back and forth relative to the adjusting plate (10) along the direction of tensioning the steel wire rope (5), the tensioning screw (8) is in threaded connection with the adjusting plate (10), one end of the tensioning screw (8) abuts against the tensioning seat (9), and a set of rotating wheels (6) is rotatably arranged on the tensioning seat (9).
5. The ridge culture potato vine crushing machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the telescopic assembly comprises a telescopic pipe (11), a telescopic rod (12), an adjusting screw (13) and a spring (14), the telescopic pipe (11) is fixedly connected with the frame (1), the spring (14) is arranged in an inner cavity of the telescopic pipe (11), the adjusting screw (13) is in threaded connection with the telescopic pipe (11), the lower end of the adjusting screw (13) extends downwards into the inner cavity of the telescopic pipe (11) and is elastically pressed against the upper end face of the spring (14), the telescopic rod (12) is movably arranged in the telescopic pipe (11), the lower end of the telescopic pipe (11) extends downwards out of the telescopic pipe (11), the land wheel (2) is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the telescopic rod (12), and the telescopic rod (12) moves up and down to compress the spring (14).
6. The ridge-culture potato vine smashing machine according to claim 1, wherein the cutting device comprises a cutter shaft (15) and vine smashing cutters (16) fixedly arranged on the cutter shaft (15), the cutter shaft (15) is rotatably arranged on the rack (1), a plurality of vine smashing cutters (16) are uniformly arranged at intervals along the spiral direction of the cutter shaft (15), each vine smashing cutter (16) comprises a cutter seat (17) and a cutter blade (18), the cutter seat (17) is fixedly connected with the cutter shaft (15), and a cutter breakage preventing structure is arranged between the cutter blade (18) and the cutter seat (17).
7. The ridge culture potato vine crushing machine according to claim 6, wherein the anti-breaking cutter structure comprises a safety pin (19), a rotating pin (20) and a spring locking plate (21), one end of a blade (18) is rotatably arranged on the cutter holder (17) through the rotating pin (20), the safety pin (19) is arranged below the rotating pin (20) and penetrates through the blade (18) and the cutter holder (17) so that the blade (18) is fixedly connected with the cutter holder (17), the cutter holder (17) is provided with an arc groove with the rotating pin (20) as a circle center, one end of the arc groove is open, the spring locking plate (21) is arranged at the opening, the blade (18) is fixedly provided with a rotation stopping pin (22), and the rotation stopping pin (22) is clamped in the arc groove.
8. A ridge culture potato vine grinder as claimed in claim 6, wherein the knife holder (17) is provided with a mounting slot (23), the spring locking plate (21) is rotatably mounted on the knife holder (17) at its upper end and inserted downwardly into the mounting slot (23) at its lower end.
9. A ridge culture potato vine crushing machine according to claim 6, wherein the frame (1) is further provided with a gearbox (24), the input end of the gearbox (24) is in transmission connection with the output end of a diesel engine arranged on the travelling mechanism, and the output end of the gearbox (24) is in transmission connection with the cutter shaft (15).
10. A ridge-planted potato vine crusher as claimed in claim 1, wherein said travelling mechanism comprises a tractor.
CN202110517583.5A 2021-05-12 2021-05-12 Ridge culture potato vine crushing machine Active CN113207406B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110517583.5A CN113207406B (en) 2021-05-12 2021-05-12 Ridge culture potato vine crushing machine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110517583.5A CN113207406B (en) 2021-05-12 2021-05-12 Ridge culture potato vine crushing machine

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CN113207406B CN113207406B (en) 2022-07-26

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