CN113188384B - Cut parameter optimization method based on rock hardness classification - Google Patents
Cut parameter optimization method based on rock hardness classification Download PDFInfo
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- CN113188384B CN113188384B CN202110424655.1A CN202110424655A CN113188384B CN 113188384 B CN113188384 B CN 113188384B CN 202110424655 A CN202110424655 A CN 202110424655A CN 113188384 B CN113188384 B CN 113188384B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimizing cutting parameters based on rock hardness classification, which relates to the field of design and excavation of mine roadways and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: judging the rock surrounding rock structure, the surrounding rock alteration and the surrounding rock components on site; step two: determining factors influencing the efficiency of a tunneling single gun and designing improvement measures; step three: determining the cutting parameters optimized according to the hardness and softness of the rock; step four: reasonable undermining parameters are adopted according to different rock structures and the explosive is reasonably charged. The underholing parameters are optimized according to the hardness and the trend of the rock of the roadway, and the defects of poor blasting effect, high explosive unit consumption and short footage under a complex rock structure are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal mine roadway excavation and blasting, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing cutting parameters based on rock hardness classification.
Background
The deep mining company belongs to a silver colored group and belongs to a medium copper mine, the annual output is 50 ten thousand tons, and the mining method is a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method. Mining and excavation are divided into an east mining area and a west mining area by a 700 exploration line, ore bodies of the east mining area are mainly lump ore, dip-dyed iron-containing chalcopyrite and strip-shaped iron-containing chalcopyrite, surrounding rocks are relatively complete and stable and are more than medium-hard, a crushing zone and a quartz zone are locally arranged, the ore bodies are relatively dense, the ore bodies of the west mining area are mainly dip-dyed and strip-shaped, large-area lump ores are less, the surrounding rocks are complete and stable and are more than medium-hard, the crushing zone and the quartz zone are locally arranged, the ore bodies are relatively sparse, and well roadway excavation is mainly such as vein transportation, vein-passing roadway and sectional roadway. The total amount of mine annual excavation is 3000-3500m, the section specification is 3.0m multiplied by 3.0m three-center arch roadway, the excavation equipment is YT28 air-leg type pneumatic rock drill, the aperture is 36-43mm, the diameter of blast hole is generally 38mm, the length of drill rod is 2.2-2.5m, and the depth of hole is 1.8 m.
The tunneling blasting adopts a smooth blasting technology, the ceramic groove mode is a vertical quincunx/barrel type ceramic groove method, and the explosive is 2# rock powdery emulsion explosive. According to the technical conditions of deposit mining, the geological conditions of underground surrounding rocksQuartz angular porphyry (M pi 1), quartz angular porphyry (M pi 2) and M pi 3 (quartz angular porphyry) are required; the natural types of ores mainly include two main types of compact blocks and dip-dyed blocks. The respective rock body types, the integrity degree, the hardness and the firmness of the surrounding rock and the ore body are different, but in the actual underground production of a mine, a blasting cut parameter is adopted due to the conventional technical management and setting, the average charge of 42kg is tunneled at one time, the single-hole charge amount is 0.78-0.93kg, and the single charge consumption is 3.5-4.8kg/m 3 Far higher than the unit consumption reference value of tunneling by 1.5-2.5kg/m 3 。
The reasonability of the arrangement parameters of the cutting holes directly influences the smooth blasting effect in the process of roadway driving. The fixed undermining parameters in deep mining cause larger explosive unit consumption, short blasting footage, more incomplete eyes and over excavation and increased production cost. Based on the production practice, how to determine the smooth blasting undermining parameters based on rock soft and hard condition classification achieves the purposes of reducing the unit explosive consumption, stabilizing blasting footage and reducing the production cost, and becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently in mines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a cutting parameter optimization method based on rock hardness classification, which optimizes cutting parameters according to the rock hardness and the trend of a roadway and overcomes the defects of poor blasting effect, high explosive unit consumption and short footage under a complex rock structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cutting parameter optimization method based on rock hardness classification comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: judging the rock surrounding rock structure, the surrounding rock alteration and the surrounding rock components on site;
step two: determining factors influencing the efficiency of a tunneling single gun and designing improvement measures; corresponding parameters of the slotted hole are formulated according to different rock structures and different hardness degrees, so that the blasting efficiency is improved;
step three: determining cutting parameters optimized according to the hardness of the rock;
step four: reasonable undermining parameters are adopted according to different rock structures and the explosive is reasonably charged.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, in the second step, the factors influencing the tunneling single-shot efficiency comprise a rock firmness coefficient f, a shot hole diameter, a bubble hole spacing, a minimum resistance line, a shot hole density coefficient and a loading amount.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, in the third step, the slitting parameters are specifically: when the rock stratum is complete and stable, and has a hardness of above medium hardness and a rock firmness coefficient f of 8-10, the diameter of each blast hole is 42-45mm, the distance between every two blast holes is 600-700mm, the minimum resistance line is 500-700mm, the density coefficient of each blast hole is 1.0-1.1, and the loading capacity is 0.2-0.3 Kg.m -3 ；
When the rock stratum is medium hard and has no development of layer joints and the firmness coefficient f of the rock is 6-8, the diameter of blast holes is 35-42mm, the distance between the blast holes is 500-600mm, the minimum resistance line is 600-800mm, the density coefficient of the blast holes is 0.8-0.9, and the loading is 0.15-0.3 Kg.m -3 ；
When the condition of the rock stratum is soft and the layer joint develops, the firmness coefficient f of the rock is<At 6, the diameter of blast hole is 35-42mm, the distance between bubble holes is 350-500mm, the minimum resistance line is 500-700mm, the density coefficient of blast hole is 0.7-0.8, and the loading is 0.1-0.15 Kg.m -3 。
Preferably, when rock surrounding rock geological conditions or rocks are tunneled under the conditions of M II 3 (quartz angular porphyry), quartz angular porphyry (M II 1), quartz angular porphyry (M II 2) and waste rocks as main or small parts of ore bodies, the improvement measures (namely cutting parameters and charging) are as follows: normally drilling holes, wherein the peripheral holes can be reduced by 150-300 g of emulsion explosive in the charging process; the loading quantity of 150 g-300 g is properly reduced in the central 3 and 5 sections of the slotted hole. The explosive in one section of the center hole can be prevented from exploding, and the explosives in the holes of 3 and 5 sections can be brought out while the rock is damaged, so that waste is caused; the auxiliary hole drilling angle is small, and the distance between the bottoms of the holes is increased.
Preferably, when the geological conditions of rock surrounding rocks or rock components such as massive copper-containing pyrite ore, impregnated copper-containing pyrite ore and quartz are taken as main components or the overall structure firmness coefficient of the rock is 8-10, the improvement measures (namely the undercutting parameters and the charging) of the blast hole of the tunneling working face at the waist hole part are as follows: two auxiliary eyes can be added at the upper part and the lower part of the original waist eye part at equal distance, and the medicine loading is normal. The explosive in the auxiliary hole, which is brought down by the explosive with first explosion and has no explosive power on the rock contact surface, can be reduced properly, and the distance between the coring and the auxiliary hole can be adjusted properly. The auxiliary hole drilling angle is larger, and the distance between the hole bottoms is reduced. In order to improve the blasting effect, the auxiliary holes must ensure that the depth of blast holes is deepened by 10-15cm compared with peripheral holes, and the loading is increased by 15-20%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) According to the invention, the efficiency is greatly improved by optimizing the cutting parameters and the cutting method according to the difference of hardness and softness of rocks in deep east and west stopes. Compared with the average single-gun footage of 1.6 meters before the optimization of the cut parameters, the average single-gun footage is improved to 1.8 meters after the technical scheme of the invention is used, the better roadway specification and the engineering quality are ensured, and on the basis, the average single-gun explosive consumption of 42kg before the optimization of the cut parameters is reduced to 38kg of the average single-gun explosive consumption of the prior art, so that the cost is saved and the efficiency is improved;
2) The invention breaks through the traditional cutting mode, invents the mixed quincunx cutting method according to the relation between different types of tunneling roadways (rock veins and drift veins) and the whole surrounding rock on the basis of the vertical barrel type cutting method, forms a rock hardness classification table in a mining area and more conveniently guides production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blast hole of a tunneling face under geological conditions of rock surrounding rocks or under the condition that rocks mainly comprise waste rocks or only comprise a small part of ore bodies, wherein the rocks comprise M II 3 (quartz angular spot tuff), quartz angular spot rock (M II 1) and quartz angular spot lava (M II 2);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a blast hole of a tunneling face at a waist-eye part under a rock surrounding rock geological condition or when rock components are mainly rock-mass copper-containing pyrite ore, dip-dyed copper-containing pyrite ore and quartz or the rock has a large integral structure firmness coefficient which is also called hard or brittle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a standard tunneling face vertical barrel/quincunx cut; wherein the rhombic area surrounded by 2-10, 2-11, 2-12 and 2-13 is an explosion area of the cutting hole; wherein a polygonal area enclosed by 3-15, 4-16, 3-17, 4-18, 3-19, 4-20, 3-21 and 4-14 is an explosion area of the auxiliary eye; wherein the outermost rectangular area is the burst area of the peripheral eye.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, not by way of limitation, i.e., the embodiments described are intended as a selection of the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention, not as a full mode.
Aiming at the fact that the vicinity of a 300 exploration line of an east mining field of a deep copper mine belongs to a broken zone, a metamorphic structural surface develops, more soft interlayers and flaky rock stratums exist, the distribution is dense and discontinuous, greenmud petrochemical and sericite are serious, so that the explosive force of the explosive is not fully exerted, the explosive force is not fully exerted in the view of the whole and long-term single-shot efficiency, two mining field tunneling operation areas of the east and west are mainly concentrated on a 300-450 exploration line and a 1000-1150 exploration line, the actual blasting quality effect is not good through long-term field data collection, the single-shot explosive consumption has large fluctuation along with the change of rock hardness and the surrounding geological environment, the effect is good, and the production is seriously influenced.
When the wave impedance of the rock is closer to the wave impedance of the explosive, the strain value of the rock is larger, and the rock is easily crushed. In other words, the more "brittle" rock is better in blasting performance, but the more developed rock is poorer in blasting performance of broken zones or cleavage and sericinization in parts of east and west, namely, the rock has good elasticity and mechanical strength and better tensile and tear resistance, and when the blast pressure acts on a rock wall, the utilization rate of explosive blasting energy is very low, so that the blasting rate is low. Factors influencing the efficiency of a tunneling single gun are determined, and cutting parameters optimized according to the hardness of rocks are determined, as shown in table 1.
Table 1 shows the determination of factors influencing the efficiency of a single-gun tunneling machine and the determination of cutting parameters optimized according to the hardness and hardness of rocks
The following is performed for specific rock surrounding rock geological conditions.
Example 1
When the geological conditions of rock surrounding rocks or rocks are mainly waste rocks or only a small part of ore bodies, such as M II 3 (quartz angular plaque tuff), quartz angular plaque rock (M II 1) and quartz angular plaque lava (M II 2), the schematic diagram of a blast hole on a tunneling tunnel face (as shown in figure 1) takes the following measures:
normally perforating according to normal times, charging, paying attention to the fact that the number of peripheral holes can be reduced by 150-300 g of emulsion explosive. The explosive loading amount is properly reduced at the sections 3 and 5 in the center of the cut hole, so that the explosive explosion at one section of the center hole can be avoided, and the explosive in the holes at the sections 3 and 5 can be brought out while the rock is damaged, thereby causing waste. The auxiliary hole drilling angle is small, and the distance between the bottoms of the holes is increased.
Example 2
Schematic diagram 2 of the blast holes on the heading face at the waist hole part under the geological conditions of rock surrounding rocks or when rock components are mainly lump copper-containing pyrite ore, dip-dyed copper-containing pyrite ore and quartz or when the overall structure of the rock is higher in firmness coefficient and is also called hard or brittle. The measures are taken as follows:
two auxiliary eyes can be added at the upper part and the lower part of the original waist eye part at equal distance, the explosive loading is normal, and the explosive of the auxiliary eyes which are possibly brought down by the explosive which makes a sound first and lose the rock contact surface and have no explosive power can be properly reduced. The distance between the core and the auxiliary eye can be adjusted to be small.
The auxiliary hole drilling angle is larger, and the distance between the hole bottoms is reduced.
Through the analysis and demonstration, the average single shot depth of 1.6 meters before 7 months in 2015 of the deep mining company is increased to 1.8 meters by using the method, the better roadway specification and engineering quality are ensured, and the average single shot consumption explosive of 42kg in the past is reduced to 38kg in the current average single shot consumption explosive on the basis. And a solid foundation is laid for saving the cost and improving the efficiency of the mine. The method for optimizing the undermining parameters based on the rock hardness classification not only achieves refinement from the undermining process, but also provides the optimized undermining parameters suitable for different rock hardness and roadway directions according to the hardness of roadway rocks and the angle relation between the trend of a roadway and the trend of an integral rock stratum according to local conditions, improves the blasting efficiency, greatly saves the cost of explosives and the like, and lays a solid foundation for the establishment of green mines.
Compared with a standard tunneling face vertical barrel type/quincunx type cut (as shown in figure 3, a rhombic area surrounded by 2-10, 2-11, 2-12 and 2-13 is a burst area of a cut hole, a polygonal area surrounded by 3-15, 4-16, 3-17, 4-18, 3-19, 4-20, 3-21 and 4-14 is a burst area of an auxiliary hole, and a rectangular area at the outermost periphery is a burst area of peripheral holes), the invention matches different cut parameters and cut methods according to the hardness of rocks; according to different surrounding rock and ore structures of east and west parts of a mining area, a more matched undermining parameter and undermining method are provided; the mixed quincunx cut method is invented on the basis of the vertical barrel type cut method according to the relation between different types of tunneling roadways (rock veins and drift) and the whole surrounding rock, the traditional cut mode is broken through, the mixed quincunx cut method is invented, the rock hardness classification table of the mining area is formed, and the production is guided more conveniently. Wherein the blast hole parameters of the standard tunneling face vertical barrel/quincunx cut are detailed in table 2.
TABLE 2 blast hole parameter detail table
The above embodiments only express specific embodiments of the present application, and the description is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (1)
1. A cutting parameter optimization method based on rock hardness classification is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: judging the rock surrounding rock structure, surrounding rock alteration and surrounding rock components on site;
step two: determining factors influencing the efficiency of a tunneling single gun and designing improvement measures; designing improvement measures to set corresponding parameters of the undercut hole according to different rock structures and different hardness degrees;
step three: determining the cutting parameters optimized according to the hardness and softness of the rock;
step four: reasonable slotting parameters are adopted according to different rock structures and the explosive is reasonably charged;
in the second step, factors influencing the efficiency of tunneling single shot comprise a rock firmness coefficient f, a shot hole diameter, a shot hole interval, a minimum resistance line, a shot hole concentration coefficient and a charge amount;
in the third step, the cutting parameters are as follows: when the rock stratum is complete and stable, and has medium hardness or higher, and the rock firmness coefficient f is more than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 10, the diameter of blast holes is 42-45mm, the distance between blast holes is 600-700mm, the minimum resistance line is 500-700mm, the blast hole density coefficient is 1.0-1.1, and the loading capacity is 0.2-0.3 Kg.m -3 ；
When the rock stratum is medium-hard and has no developed layer joints, and the rock firmness coefficient f is greater than or equal to 6 and less than 8, the diameter of blast holes is 35-42mm, the spacing between blast holes is 500-600mm, the minimum resistance line is 600-800mm, the blast hole density coefficient is 0.8-0.9, and the loading capacity is 0.15-0.3 Kg.m -3 (ii) a And the cut hole should be located in the soft rock layer;
when the rock stratum is soft and the stratum joints develop, the rock firmness coefficient f is<At time 6, the diameter of the blast holes is 35-42mm, the distance between the blast holes is 350-500mm, the minimum resistance line is 500-700mm, the density coefficient of the blast holes is 0.7-0.8, and the loading is 0.1-0.15 Kg.m -3 ；
In the fourth step, when the rock components mainly comprise blocky copper-containing pyrite ore, dip-dyed copper-containing pyrite ore and quartz, the improvement measures are as follows: two auxiliary eyes are added at the upper part and the lower part of the original waist eye part at equal distance, and the medicine loading is normal.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010066304A (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2001-07-11 | 조영동 | Tunnel blasting method with large empty holes and pre-splitting of circular cut |
| CN104864782A (en) * | 2015-05-16 | 2015-08-26 | 周忠国 | Hard stone drift composite reinforcing vertical wedge cutting method |
| CN107631669A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-26 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of Cut Blasting Optimization Design under large ground pressure |
| CN107843156A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2018-03-27 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | Gallery（Tunnel）The method of driving enhancing Cut Blasting efficiency |
| CN109211045A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-15 | 北方工业大学 | Quasi-conical energy-gathering cut construction method |
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- 2021-04-20 CN CN202110424655.1A patent/CN113188384B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010066304A (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2001-07-11 | 조영동 | Tunnel blasting method with large empty holes and pre-splitting of circular cut |
| CN104864782A (en) * | 2015-05-16 | 2015-08-26 | 周忠国 | Hard stone drift composite reinforcing vertical wedge cutting method |
| CN107843156A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2018-03-27 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | Gallery（Tunnel）The method of driving enhancing Cut Blasting efficiency |
| CN107631669A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-26 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of Cut Blasting Optimization Design under large ground pressure |
| CN109211045A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-15 | 北方工业大学 | Quasi-conical energy-gathering cut construction method |
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