CN113182567A - Method for rapid trial cutting and cutting parameter optimization of numerical control milling cutter - Google Patents
Method for rapid trial cutting and cutting parameter optimization of numerical control milling cutter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113182567A CN113182567A CN202110349343.9A CN202110349343A CN113182567A CN 113182567 A CN113182567 A CN 113182567A CN 202110349343 A CN202110349343 A CN 202110349343A CN 113182567 A CN113182567 A CN 113182567A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/013—Control or regulation of feed movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/08—Control or regulation of cutting velocity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapid trial cutting and cutting parameter optimization of a numerical control milling cutter, and belongs to the technical field of machining. In the method, a standard trial cutting piece is used for trial cutting aiming at the cutters to be trial cut of different brands in a production field, and the processing performances of the cutters to be trial cut of different brands under the same working condition can be quickly obtained by comparing the roughness of the processed surface of the trial cutting piece; and a golden section optimal experiment method is adopted to quickly acquire the better cutting parameters of the cutting tool, so that the trial cutting efficiency of the tool is improved, the trial cutting period of the tool is shortened, and the quality risk of trial cutting of products is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal cutting, in particular to a method for quickly trial cutting and optimizing cutting parameters of a numerical control milling cutter.
Background
In the metal cutting process, the cutter finishes the cutting work, and the cutting performance of the cutter directly influences the processing cost, the processing quality and the processing efficiency. In order to meet the high-speed development of numerical control technology, the numerical control cutter technology is updated day by day, and various cutter manufacturers research and develop different cutter materials, coatings and cutter geometric parameters aiming at different workpiece materials, and have various characteristics. The application of numerical control tools is uneven, and a certain numerical control tool selection specification and a tool cutting parameter library are formed in enterprises with deposited numerical control machining technology application for inter-vehicle numerical control programmers; on the contrary, in an enterprise with poor numerical control machining technology application sediment, the selection of the numerical control cutter and the cutting parameters depends on the personal experience of a workshop numerical control programmer. In the production field, users usually put forward processing requirements to cutter manufacturers of various brands according to the workpiece materials to be processed and cutting conditions, and the cutter manufacturers provide cutters made of various materials for field trial cutting according to the requirements.
In the current productive enterprises, no professional department usually performs systematic trial cutting experiments on the cutter, and basically, a workshop numerical control programming technician performs trial cutting on the cutter according to the machined part and cutting parameters provided by a cutter provider; meanwhile, most of the trial cutting of the tool is performed by a programmer by modifying a machining program according to the tool and cutting parameters provided by a tool manufacturer and the working condition of a part to be machined at first, so that the following problems are caused:
firstly, in order to realize better cutting performance of different cutters, a programmer needs to repeatedly modify a machining program according to cutting parameters provided by different cutter suppliers, so that the workload of the programmer is increased, and the trial cutting period of the cutters is long;
secondly, trial cutting is carried out on the final product delivered to the client, so that great product quality risk exists for a factory;
in the production field of a factory, force measuring equipment and cutter abrasion detection equipment required by special cutter trial cutting are not generally available, and indexes such as cutting force and cutter rear face abrasion of a laboratory cannot be adopted to evaluate the cutting performance of the trial-cut cutter.
Therefore, a method for rapidly trial cutting and optimizing cutting parameters of the numerical control milling tool suitable for a production field needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a method for quickly trial cutting and optimizing cutting parameters of a numerical control milling cutter.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
a quick trial cutting and cutting parameter optimization method for a numerical control milling cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. designing an inclined block with an inclined plane angle of 10-15 degrees as a standard trial cutting piece of the tool to be trial cut;
B. designing a standard trial cutting processing program based on numerical control system macro-parameter variables, taking the main shaft cutting linear speed Vc, the cutter diameter D, the cutter per tooth feeding quantity Fz, the cutter tooth number Z and the cutter initial cutting depth of different cutters to be trial cut as macro-parameter variable values, and modifying corresponding macro-parameter variables of the standard trial cutting processing program according to the geometric parameters and the cutting parameters of the cutters to be trial cut to perform trial cutting experiments;
C. clamping a standard trial cut piece on a clamp on a machine tool workbench, starting the machine tool, and processing the trial cut piece by using a corresponding trial cut tool;
D. and (3) comparing and analyzing the roughness of the surface of the trial-cut piece of each trial-cut cutter under the working condition of full-cutter cutting, wherein the longer the surface has no vibration marks L, the best machining performance is.
Furthermore, the trial cutting experiment is carried out by modifying the corresponding macro-parameter variables of the standard trial cutting processing program according to the geometric parameters and the cutting parameters of each trial cutting tool, and the method comprises the following steps:
b1, calculating and selecting experimental parameters by adopting a golden section principle, wherein the parameters comprise the feed quantity Fz 'of each tooth of the cutter and the cutting linear velocity Vc';
b2, substituting the calculated feed quantity Fz 'of each tooth of the cutter and the cutting linear velocity Vc' into the macro variable;
b3, trial cutting processing of the cutter is carried out by adopting a standard trial cutting piece and a standard program;
b4, measuring the length of the chatter-free line L on the processing surface of the test cutting piece by visual observation or a vernier caliper, and marking and recording;
b5, repeating B1 to B4, and comparing the length value of the chatter marks of the trial cutting tool left on the machining surface of the trial cut piece, wherein the group of cutting parameters with the longest chatter marks L on the machining surface of the trial cut piece is the optimal feeding amount and the optimal cutting linear speed of each tooth of the tool;
and B6, simultaneously measuring the longest Z-direction depth value of the vibration-free lines L on the processing surface of the trial cut piece, namely the cutting depth Ap of the group of cutting parameters, and the cutting width Ae is the diameter D of the cutter.
Further, the method for calculating and selecting experimental parameters by adopting the principle of the golden section method comprises the following steps:
assuming that a trial cutting tool with the diameter d and the tooth number Z has the reference cutting linear speed Vc equal to a to bm/min and the feed per tooth Fz equal to c to dmm/tooth, then:
selecting the first experimental parameter value according to the following formula:
Fz1=(d-c)*0.618+c;
Vc1=(b-a)*0.618+a;
selecting the second experimental parameter value according to the following formula:
Fz2=d+c-Fz1;
Vc2=b+a-Vc1;
selecting the third experimental parameter value according to the following formula:
Fz3=Fz1+c-Fz2;
Vc3=Vc1+a-Vc2;
and the like to obtain the experimental parameter values of the fourth time and the fifth … ….
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method, the designed standard inclined block trial cutting piece is adopted to perform trial cutting processing by adopting the designed standard numerical control macro program, and the processed surface of the trial cutting piece is measured by visual observation and a vernier caliper, so that the processing performances of different cutters can be rapidly obtained; the repeated modification of the processing program by a technician is avoided, and the labor intensity of the technician is reduced;
2. the method adopts the scientific design experiment parameters of the golden section principle to quickly acquire the better cutting parameters of the cutting tool, thereby improving the trial cutting efficiency of the tool, shortening the trial cutting period of the tool and eliminating the quality risk of trial cutting of products;
3. the method is easy to realize in the production field of a factory, and the cutting performance of the trial cutting tool can be evaluated according to indexes such as cutting force and tool flank wear even if no force measuring equipment, tool wear detecting equipment and the like required by professional trial cutting of the tool are provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a structural model of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the trial cut feed direction of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the surface morphology of a part after the trial cut piece has been machined by different trial cutting tools.
In the figure:
1. trial cutting tool, 2 trial cutting piece, 3 machine tool workbench, 4 vice.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for rapid trial cutting and cutting parameter optimization of a numerical control milling cutter, which is suitable for a production field and comprises the following steps:
step one, designing an inclined block as shown in figure 2 as a processed standard trial cutting piece 2 of a tool 1 to be trial cut, wherein the angle of the inclined plane is 10-15 degrees.
And step two, mounting the universal vice on a machine tool workbench 3, aligning, clamping the standard trial cut piece by using a vice 4, and establishing a machining coordinate system.
And step three, calling a standard trial cutting processing program, and modifying the cutting parameter variable of the standard trial cutting processing program according to the requirement. The standard pilot cut processing procedure is shown in table 1.
The standard trial cutting processing program is designed by adopting a macro program, and the variable values of cutting parameters such as the linear speed Vc of a main shaft, the diameter D of a cutter, the feed quantity Fz of each tooth of the cutter, the tooth number Z of the cutter, the initial cutting depth of the cutter and the like are changed according to the requirement in trial cutting each time, so that the trial cutting processing of different cutting parameters of different cutters can be completed; aiming at cutters of the same specification and different brands, the linear speed, the feed amount per tooth and the initial cutting depth of cutting are not changed, so that effective comparison experiments are carried out under the same machining working condition.
TABLE 1 NC program code and corresponding comments
And step four, starting a machine tool to process a standard trial cutting piece, and performing trial cutting processing on the A, B, C, D brand cutter to be subjected to trial cutting.
And fifthly, analyzing the roughness of the surfaces of the trial-cut pieces to be machined under the working condition of full-cutter cutting of cutters of different brands (cutters of A brand, cutters of B brand, cutters of C brand and cutters of D brand), wherein the roughness of the surfaces of the trial-cut pieces to be machined corresponds to A, B, C, D surfaces of the trial-cut pieces machined by the cutters of four brands respectively, as shown in fig. 3, a), B), C) and D). Through visual observation and vernier caliper measurement, the machining performance of the C brand cutter can be quickly judged to be the best without vibration lines Lc, La, Lb and Ld on the surface.
The processing steps are used for carrying out contrast trial cutting experiments on cutters of different brands, visual observation is adopted, the processing performance of the cutters participating in the contrast experiments can be rapidly judged, and the better trial cutting cutters are selected.
And then need to acquire better cutting parameters.
The index for judging the machining efficiency of the part is the material removal amount, and as can be seen from the formula (Ap × Ae × Fz × Z × Vc)/(pi × D) where the material removal amount Q is (Ap × Ae × Fz × Vc), the parameters that can be changed after a tool is determined mainly include the cutting depth Ap, the cutting width Ae, the cutting linear velocity Vc, and the feed amount Fz per tooth of the tool.
And (3) performing full-cutter grooving on the trial-cut piece in the step one, namely, measuring the maximum Z-direction depth value meeting the roughness requirement to quickly obtain the cutting depth value Ap under the group of cutting parameters, wherein the cutting width Ae is equal to the diameter D of the cutter.
The optimal values of the cutting linear velocity Vc and the feed quantity Fz of each tooth of the cutter need to be designed and selected by the principle of the golden section method, and the specific steps are as follows:
calculating and selecting experimental parameters by adopting a golden section principle, wherein the parameters comprise the feed quantity Fz 'of each tooth of a cutter and the cutting linear velocity Vc'; assuming that a trial cutting tool with the diameter d and the tooth number Z has the reference cutting linear speed Vc equal to a to bm/min and the feed per tooth Fz equal to c to dmm/tooth, then:
selecting the first experimental parameter value according to the following formula:
Fz1=(d-c)*0.618+c;
Vc1=(b-a)*0.618+a;
selecting the second experimental parameter value according to the following formula:
Fz2=d+c-Fz1;
Vc2=b+a-Vc1;
selecting the third experimental parameter value according to the following formula:
Fz3=Fz1+c-Fz2;
Vc3=Vc1+a-Vc2;
and the like to obtain the experimental parameter values of the fourth time and the fifth … ….
Substituting the calculated feed quantity Fz 'of each tooth of the cutter and the cutting linear velocity Vc' into the macro variable;
thirdly, trial cutting processing of the cutter is carried out by adopting a standard trial cutting piece and a standard program;
measuring the length of the chatter-free line L on the processing surface of the trial cut piece through visual observation or a vernier caliper, and marking and recording;
fifthly, repeating the first step to the fourth step, comparing the length value of the chatter mark-free position left on the machining surface of the trial cut piece by the trial cutting tool, wherein the longest cutting parameter group of the chatter mark-free position L on the machining surface of the trial cut piece is the optimal feeding quantity and the optimal cutting linear speed of each tooth of the tool;
and sixthly, simultaneously measuring the longest Z-direction depth value of the vibration-free pattern L on the processing surface of the trial cutting piece, namely the cutting depth Ap of the group of cutting parameters, and the cutting width Ae is the diameter D of the cutter.
Example 2
Based on the example 1, more specifically, according to the reference cutting parameters provided by the tool manufacturer and the machining experience of the enterprise, if the linear cutting speed Vc of a certain tool (diameter d is 10mm, and tooth number Z is 5) for machining the superalloy material is 60-80 m/min, and the feed per tooth Fz is 0.05-0.12 mm per tooth, the preferred method for calculating the feed per tooth Fz of the tool and the linear cutting speed Vc is as follows:
selecting parameters of a first experiment: according to the golden section principle "(big-small) 0.618+ small", i.e. it
Fz1=((0.12-0.05)*0.618)+0.05≈0.093;
Vc1=((80-60)*0.618)+60≈72.36
And (3) selecting parameters of a second experiment: according to the golden section principle, the following points are selected as follows: (big + small-previous point) ", i.e.:
Fz2=0.12+0.05-0.093=0.077
Vc2=80+60-72.36=67.64
and (3) selecting parameters of a third experiment: namely, it is
Fz3=0.093+0.05-0.077=0.066
Vc3=72.36+60-67.64=64.72
And selecting the fourth and fifth … … experimental parameters, and calculating by analogy to obtain the experimental parameter values.
Secondly, substituting the calculated cutting parameters into macro variables #1 (linear velocity of the main shaft Vc) and #3 (feed amount per tooth Fz of the cutter) in the third step, namely #1 ═ 72.36; #3 is 0.093;
the third step: adopting a standard trial cut piece and a standard program to perform trial cut processing;
the fourth step: measuring the length value of the chatter mark-free L on the processing surface of the trial cut piece through visual observation and a vernier caliper, and marking;
and repeating the first step to the fourth step according to different to-be-tested cutters, and then comparing the length value of the non-chatter marks L, wherein the longest group of cutting parameter values of the non-chatter marks L on the processing surface of the test-cut workpiece are the better cutting linear velocity Vc and the feed amount Fz of each tooth of the test-cut cutter. Meanwhile, the longest Z-direction depth value of the non-vibration lines L on the processing surface of the trial cutting piece is measured, namely the cutting depth Ap under the cutting parameters, and the cutting width Ae is the diameter D of the cutter.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments, it should not be construed as limited to the scope of the present patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A quick trial cutting and cutting parameter optimization method for a numerical control milling cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. designing an inclined block with an inclined plane angle of 10-15 degrees as a standard trial cutting piece of the tool to be trial cut;
B. designing a standard trial cutting processing program based on numerical control system macro-parameter variables, taking the main shaft cutting linear speed Vc, the cutter diameter D, the cutter per tooth feeding quantity Fz, the cutter tooth number Z and the cutter initial cutting depth of different cutters to be trial cut as macro-parameter variable values, and modifying corresponding macro-parameter variables of the standard trial cutting processing program according to the geometric parameters and the cutting parameters of the cutters to be trial cut to perform trial cutting experiments;
C. clamping a standard trial cut piece on a clamp on a machine tool workbench, starting the machine tool, and processing the trial cut piece by using a corresponding trial cut tool;
D. and (3) comparing and analyzing the roughness of the surface of the trial-cut piece of each trial-cut cutter under the working condition of full-cutter cutting, wherein the longer the surface has no vibration marks L, the best machining performance is.
2. The method for rapid trial cutting and cutting parameter optimization of the numerical control milling cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trial cutting experiment is carried out by modifying the corresponding macro-parameter variables of the standard trial cutting machining program according to the geometric parameters and cutting parameters of each trial cutting cutter, and the method comprises the following steps:
b1, calculating and selecting experimental parameters by adopting a golden section principle, wherein the parameters comprise the feeding amount Fz 'of each tooth of the cutter and the cutting linear velocity Vc';
b2, substituting the calculated feed amount Fz 'and cutting linear velocity Vc' of each tooth of the tool into the macro variable;
b3, trial cutting processing of the cutter is carried out by adopting a standard trial cutting piece and a standard program;
b4, measuring the length of the chatter-free line L on the processing surface of the test cutting piece by visual observation or a vernier caliper, and marking and recording;
b5, repeating B1 to B4, and comparing the length value of the chatter marks of the trial cutting tool left on the machining surface of the trial cut piece, wherein the group of cutting parameters with the longest chatter marks L on the machining surface of the trial cut piece is the optimal feeding amount and the optimal cutting linear speed of each tooth of the tool;
and B6, simultaneously measuring the longest Z-direction depth value of the vibration-free lines L on the processing surface of the trial cut piece, namely the cutting depth Ap of the group of cutting parameters, and the cutting width Ae is the diameter D of the cutter.
3. The method for rapidly trial cutting and cutting parameter optimization of the numerical control milling tool as claimed in claim 2, wherein the calculation and selection of experimental parameters by adopting the principle of the golden section method comprises the following steps:
assuming that a trial cutting tool with the diameter d and the tooth number Z has the reference cutting linear speed Vc = a-bm/min and the reference feed per tooth Fz = c-dmm per tooth, then:
selecting the first experimental parameter value according to the following formula:
Fz1=(d-c)*0.618+c;
Vc1=(b-a)*0.618+a;
selecting the second experimental parameter value according to the following formula:
Fz2=d+c-Fz1;
Vc2=b+a-Vc1;
selecting the third experimental parameter value according to the following formula:
Fz3= Fz1+c-Fz2;
Vc3= Vc1+a-Vc2;
and the like to obtain the experimental parameter values of the fourth time and the fifth … ….
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CN117291552A (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2023-12-26 | 成都伊高智能科技有限公司 | Method for intelligently creating cross-provider cutter scheme and cutting amount in webpage environment |
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