Transition trolley for heavy-load anchor rod support
Technical Field
The invention relates to a trolley, which can drive a cantilever main beam to reciprocate back and forth, and automatically convey a drilling machine platform to the head of a working face by utilizing the cantilever main beam so as to complete anchor rod supporting operation, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine roadway supporting equipment.
Background
The feeding of the traditional roadway support mechanism generally adopts a box-type telescopic arm structure, the telescopic power of the telescopic arm comes from an oil cylinder or chain transmission, and the support mechanism is carried on the telescopic arm. The trolley is used as the middle transition, so that double-speed linear reciprocating motion of the telescopic arm above the trolley relative to the track below the trolley can be realized. The transition trolleys with different structures are often required to be replaced due to different sizes and different working conditions of coal mine tunnels, but the transition trolleys with different structures have poor or no interchangeability, and the telescopic arms, the tracks and even the transition trolleys need to be replaced in a matched manner along with the replacement of the transition trolleys.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transition trolley for heavy-load anchor rod support, which only keeps the degree of freedom of horizontal movement in the front and back direction by clamping the track to move, and has high movement precision.
The main technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a transition trolley for heavy-load anchor rod support comprises a frame, a set of driving device and four sets of limiting devices, wherein a pair of connecting seats are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the frame, a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the connecting seats, each pair of connecting seats are arranged on the outer side surfaces of a left side plate and a right side plate of the frame in a bilateral symmetry mode, the four sets of limiting devices are arranged on the four connecting seats in a one-to-one correspondence mode, each limiting device comprises a vertical plate and a limiting structure which is detachably and fixedly connected to the upper portion and the lower portion of the vertical plate, the limiting structures on the pair of vertical plates which are opposite to each other in the left side and the right side are located on the inner sides of the corresponding vertical plates, a plurality of through holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the threaded holes in the connecting seats are formed in the middle portions of the vertical plates, the limiting structures at least comprise a sliding type limiting structure and a rolling type limiting structure, the sliding type limiting structure is a groove which extends horizontally in the front side and the rear side, the notches of the limiting structures located on the left side and the right side of the frame are respectively towards the right side and the left side, the rolling type limiting structure is an upper row of roller groups and a lower row of roller groups which are arranged at intervals, and the axes of the rollers in the roller groups are vertical to the left side plate and the right side plate of the frame; the middle parts of the left side plate and the right side plate of the frame are provided with holes, the peripheries of the holes are provided with connecting flanges, and the driving device is detachably arranged on the connecting flanges.
For the rolling type limiting structure, the wheel surface of the roller is cylindrical or is in a groove shape with the axial middle part being concave.
The limit structure of the upper portion and the lower portion of riser adopts slidingtype limit structure or roll formula limit structure simultaneously, when adopting roll formula limit structure simultaneously, all gyro wheels are cylindrical gyro wheel among the limit structure of upper portion and lower portion, perhaps the last row of roller train on the limit structure on upper portion adopts the gyro wheel of the recess shape of axial middle part indent, lower row of roller train adopts the gyro wheel of cylindrical wheel face, the last row of roller train in the limit structure of lower portion adopts the gyro wheel of cylindrical wheel face, lower row of roller train adopts the gyro wheel of the recess shape of axial middle part indent.
When the wheel surface of the roller is in a groove shape with the concave axial middle part, the axial middle section of the wheel surface is a cylindrical surface, and the two side sections are conical surfaces.
Sliding bearings or rolling bearings are arranged between the wheel body in the roller and the corresponding roller shaft.
Two sets of deflector rolls about still installing separately in both sides around the riser, the vertical extension of axis of deflector roll, upper and lower two sets of deflector rolls align with upper portion and lower part limit structure respectively in the direction of height, and the roll surface of the deflector roll of installing on the riser on left side is tangent with the right side face of corresponding riser, and the roll surface of the deflector roll of installing on the riser on right side is tangent with the left side face of corresponding riser.
The driving device comprises a power source and a transmission mechanism, the power source is arranged on a left side plate or a right side plate of the frame, the transmission mechanism is arranged between the left side plate and the right side plate of the frame and is in fixed-shaft rotary connection relative to the frame, and one end of the transmission mechanism is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the power source.
The transmission mechanism has two types of gear transmission shaft assemblies and chain wheel transmission shaft assemblies, and the gear transmission shaft assemblies and the chain wheel transmission shaft assemblies have the same connecting structure with the power source and the frame.
The power source adopts a combination of a motor and a speed reducer, or adopts a hydraulic motor, the speed reducer or an output shaft of the hydraulic motor forms an output shaft of the power source, and the combination of the motor and the speed reducer and the connection structure of the hydraulic motor and the frame are the same.
The gear transmission shaft assembly comprises a gear shaft and a gear sleeved on the gear shaft, the chain wheel transmission shaft assembly comprises a chain wheel shaft and a chain wheel sleeved on the chain wheel shaft, and the gear shaft and the chain wheel shaft are the same as the frame in connection structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, four sets of limiting devices are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the trolley frame, four pairs of groove-shaped structures which are bilaterally symmetrical and have opposite notches are formed above and below the front end and the rear end of the trolley frame, wherein the two pairs of groove-shaped structures above are matched with the telescopic arm, and the two pairs of groove-shaped structures below are matched with the track, so that the freedom degrees in five directions are restrained, and only the freedom degrees of front-back horizontal movement are kept, therefore, the telescopic arm can only linearly move along the front-back horizontal direction relative to the trolley and the trolley relative to the track, the movement precision and the capacity of bearing the weight of the telescopic arm are obviously improved, the support device can run more stably in the extending process, and the problem of left-right deflection during the movement between the conventional trolley and.
The limiting devices are separately arranged at the front end and the rear end of the frame, so that the length of an acting section of the limiting devices is lengthened as much as possible, the load of the front limiting device and the rear limiting device is uniform, the limiting effect is more obvious, and the telescopic arm and the trolley can move more stably.
The limiting device has multiple structural types such as a sliding type structural type and a rolling type structural type, but the limiting device is the same as the mounting structure of the trolley frame, so that the limiting device with different structural types can be selected according to the stress characteristics and functional application of different working conditions, and the adaptability of the trolley to various different working conditions is improved. And the connecting structure of the limiting device and the frame is simple, the assembly and disassembly are convenient, and the field replacement is easy.
For the roller type limiting structure, the upper row or the lower row of roller groups adopt the roller with the groove shape which is concave towards the middle part, and can be conveniently matched with the telescopic arm and the corresponding middle convex strip-shaped structure on the track, so that the left and right deflection of the telescopic arm relative to the trolley and the trolley relative to the track is smaller, more accurate guidance is realized, and the telescopic arm type limiting structure is suitable for occasions with longer telescopic arm or larger telescopic stroke; the gyro wheel in the gyro wheel group all adopts the gyro wheel of cylindrical wheel face from top to bottom, and the bearing capacity of gyro wheel is better, adapts to the heavy load more easily, and on this basis, the accessible sets up the deflector roll and improves corresponding stop device's fore-and-aft direction guidance performance, reduces the beat volume of left and right directions when flexible arm is flexible, improves the running accuracy.
According to different combinations of the power source and the transmission mechanism, the driving devices in various forms can be realized, the connecting structures of the power sources in different types and the frame are the same, and the connecting structures of the transmission mechanisms in different types and the frame and the power sources are also the same, so that the driving devices in different combination forms have good interchangeability. Different power sources and/or transmission mechanisms can be replaced through simple disassembly and assembly, and the telescopic arm and the fixed track with different structures are adapted.
The low-speed large-torque hydraulic motor is used as a power source, so that the driving torque is large, a speed reducing mechanism can be omitted, a transmission chain is greatly reduced, the size of a transmission structure is reduced, and the overall structural layout of the trolley is more compact.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the transition cart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the vehicle frame;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the spacing device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the stop device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of the position limiting device;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the driving device;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the driving device;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the carriage of the gear pin row transmission assembly with the limiting device shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the carriage of FIG. 5 in which the limiting device is drivingly coupled to the pin row of gears;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the mounting relationship of the trolley, telescopic boom and track to the heading machine.
Reference numerals:
1. a frame; 11. a connecting seat; 12. a connecting flange;
2. a limiting device; 21. a vertical plate; 22. a sliding type limiting structure; 23. a rolling type limit structure; 231. an upper roller set; 232. a lower roller set; 24. a through hole; 27. a guide roller;
31. a hydraulic motor; 33. a gear; 34. a sprocket;
4. a telescopic arm;
5. a track;
6. provided is a heading machine.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a transition trolley (which can be simply called a trolley) for heavy-load anchor rod support, which comprises a frame 1, a group of driving devices and four groups of limiting devices 2 as shown in figures 1-10. The frame is a frame structure formed by welding high-strength thick steel plates, is a framework part of the trolley and has high structural strength and rigidity. The driving device provides power and required speed for the trolley to walk, the limiting devices respectively form a pair of 'groove-shaped structures' which are symmetrical left and right and have opposite notches on the upper part and the lower part of the front end and the rear end of the trolley, and the 'groove-shaped structures' extend along the length direction of the trolley frame. Because the limiting devices positioned at the upper parts of the front end and the rear end of the frame can be sleeved and clamped on the telescopic arm 4 from the left and right directions, the limiting devices positioned at the lower parts of the front end and the rear end of the frame can be sleeved and clamped on the track 5 from the left and right directions, when four groups of limiting devices are used simultaneously, the degrees of freedom in five directions are restricted in the front and rear motion processes of the telescopic arm and the trolley, and only the degree of freedom of front and rear horizontal movement is reserved, so that the telescopic arm can only linearly move along the front and rear horizontal directions relative to the trolley and the trolley relative to the track, the motion precision and the limit for bearing the weight of the telescopic arm are improved, the support device can stably run in the extending process, and the problem of left and right deflection in the motion process between the traditional trolley and the telescopic arm and the fixed track is solved. The track is fixedly arranged on the heading machine 6, and when the trolley travels forwards and backwards, the telescopic arm moves forwards and backwards at double speed of the trolley, so that the roadway support mechanism is conveyed to the working face to head or is retracted to the rear upper part of the heading machine.
The limiting devices are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the frame, the length of an acting section of the limiting device, particularly the limiting device on the upper portion, can be lengthened as far as possible, the length of a section which is constrained on the telescopic arm reaches the length equal to that of the trolley, the load of the front limiting device and the rear limiting device is uniform, the limiting effect is more remarkable, and the telescopic arm and the trolley can move more stably. Each of the restraining structures in the embodiment shown in the drawings provides a maximum restraining force of 7.5 tons in the left-right direction and the up-down direction.
In the embodiment of the frame shown in fig. 2, a pair of connecting seats 11 for mounting a limiting device are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the frame. The connecting seat is provided with 6 threaded holes, and the upper row and the lower row are 3 in number respectively. Each pair of connecting seats is arranged on the outer side surfaces of the left and right side plates of the frame in a bilateral symmetry manner. Four sets of stop devices are installed on four connecting seats through high strength bolts one-to-one correspondence. Two groups of limiting devices which are symmetrically arranged left and right simultaneously form a pair of 'groove-shaped structures' positioned at the upper part and a pair of 'groove-shaped structures' positioned at the lower part. The basic structure of the limiting device comprises a vertical plate 21 and limiting structures which are detachably and fixedly connected to the upper part and the lower part of the vertical plate. The limiting structures on a pair of opposite vertical plates on the left and right sides are located on the inner sides of the pair of vertical plates, namely the limiting structures of the vertical plates on the right side of the frame are located on the left side of the vertical plates, and the limiting structures of the vertical plates on the left side of the frame are located on the right side of the vertical plates. The middle part of riser is equipped with a plurality of through-holes 24 with the screw hole one-to-one on the connecting seat, aligns the through-hole one-to-one with the screw hole on the connecting seat and wears the bolt fastening during the installation. Riser middle part sets up thickening structure is usually set to in the region of through-hole, is favorable to improving the joint strength of riser and frame. The limiting devices with different structural types can be selected according to the stress characteristics and functional application of different working conditions. The difference between the limiting devices is mainly represented by the difference between the limiting structures, for example, the limiting device shown in fig. 3 adopts a sliding limiting structure 22, and the limiting device shown in fig. 4 and 5 adopts a rolling limiting structure 23. When the operating mode changes, both can remain the limit structure that the riser changed different structural style, also can directly change the stop device that limit structure is different, preferably adopts the latter change scheme, convenient operation. The quantity, specification and position of the through holes on the vertical plates of the limiting devices with different structures are the same, so that the limiting devices have interchangeability when being installed on the connecting seat.
As shown in fig. 3, the sliding-type limiting structure is a groove with a flat rectangular cross section, the groove bottom and the upper and lower groove walls are both planes, the notches of the limiting structures positioned on the left and right sides of the frame face the right side and the left side respectively, and the limiting structures, the telescopic arms and the rails form sliding kinematic pairs. The sliding contact surface of the groove is preferably treated for hardness reinforcement and wear resistance. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the rolling type limiting structure is composed of upper and lower rows of roller groups 231 and 232 arranged at intervals, and the axes of the rollers in the roller groups are perpendicular to the left and right side plates of the frame and are distributed at intervals. The gap between one side of the vertical plate and the upper and lower rows of roller groups forms a groove-shaped structure, and the limiting structure, the telescopic arm and the track form a rolling kinematic pair.
And the middle parts of the left and right side plates of the frame are provided with holes for mounting a driving device. The periphery of the hole is provided with a connecting flange 12, and the driving device is arranged on the connecting flange through bolts.
Further, for the rolling type limiting structure, the shape of the wheel surface of the roller can be various, such as a cylindrical roller shown in fig. 5 or a groove-shaped roller with a concave axial middle part shown in the uppermost row and the lowermost row of roller groups in fig. 4. The concave groove-shaped idler wheel with the concave middle part can be matched with the telescopic arm and the corresponding strip-shaped structure with the convex middle part on the track, so that the left and right deflection of the telescopic arm relative to the trolley and the trolley relative to the track is smaller, and more accurate guiding is realized. Furthermore, for the groove-shaped roller, the axial middle section of the roller surface is preferably a cylindrical surface, the two side sections are preferably conical surfaces, and the conical surfaces of the left and right side sections mainly play a role when the roller is matched with the telescopic arm and the strip-shaped structure on the track. The intermediate section is generally not in contact with the bar structures.
When the gyro wheel tread is cylindrical, the bearing capacity of gyro wheel is better, adapts to the heavy load more easily, and easy processing, and the cell type is spacing good. When the wheel surface of the roller is in a groove shape, the roller has better guidance performance and is suitable for occasions with longer telescopic arms or larger telescopic strokes. The rollers with different shapes can be configured according to requirements.
In each group of limiting devices, the limiting structures positioned at the upper part and the lower part of the vertical plate can be combined by adopting various possible structural patterns according to actual needs. For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the upper portion and the lower portion of the limiting device both adopt a sliding type limiting structure, in the embodiments shown in fig. 4 and 5, the upper portion and the lower portion of the limiting device both adopt a rolling type limiting structure, wherein the upper and lower roller groups of the limiting structure in fig. 5 all adopt rollers with cylindrical wheel surfaces, the upper roller group in the limiting structure in the upper portion in fig. 4 adopts rollers with groove shapes that are concave in the axial middle portion, the lower roller group adopts rollers with cylindrical wheel surfaces, the upper roller group in the limiting structure in the lower portion adopts rollers with cylindrical wheel surfaces, and the lower roller group adopts rollers with groove shapes that are concave in the axial middle portion.
Sliding bearings or rolling bearings are arranged between the wheel body in the roller and the corresponding roller shaft. The two bearings have advantages respectively, and under the condition that the diameters of the rollers are the same, the force borne by the sliding bearing is larger, the structural size can be smaller, the sealing structure is simpler, and the flexibility of the rolling bearing is stronger.
The limiting device can also be provided with guide rollers 27, as shown in fig. 5, the front side and the rear side of the vertical plate are respectively provided with an upper guide roller and a lower guide roller, the axis of each guide roller extends vertically, and the upper guide roller and the lower guide roller are respectively aligned with the groove-shaped structures of the limiting structures on the upper part and the lower part in the height direction. The roller surface of the guide roller arranged on the vertical plate on the left side is tangent to the right side plate surface of the corresponding vertical plate, and the roller surface of the guide roller arranged on the vertical plate on the right side is tangent to the left side plate surface of the corresponding vertical plate. Especially for the limiting structures of which the upper part and the lower part adopt cylindrical rollers, the arrangement of the guide rollers can enhance the front-back direction guidance of the corresponding limiting devices, reduce the deflection in the left-right direction when the telescopic arm is stretched and improve the running precision.
The driving device comprises a power source and a transmission mechanism, the power source is arranged on the left side plate or the right side plate of the frame, and the transmission mechanism is arranged between the left side plate and the right side plate of the frame and is in fixed-shaft rotary connection relative to the frame. One end of the transmission mechanism is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the power source. The transmission mechanism can be in two structural types of a gear transmission shaft assembly and a chain wheel transmission shaft assembly, and the gear transmission shaft assembly and the chain wheel transmission shaft assembly are the same as the connecting structure of the power source and the frame, so that interchangeability is realized. Under the condition of not changing the frame and the power source, different transmission forms can be realized by only replacing the transmission mechanism, and the working hours are greatly shortened. When the gear transmission shaft assembly is adopted, the gear and rack transmission or the gear and pin row transmission can be formed by the gear and rack transmission or the gear and pin row transmission with the racks or the pin rows arranged on the telescopic arm and the track, and when the sprocket transmission shaft assembly is adopted, the sprocket and chain transmission can be formed by the sprocket and chain transmission with the chains arranged on the telescopic arm and the track.
Further, the gear transmission shaft assembly can comprise a gear shaft and a gear 33 sleeved on the gear shaft, the chain wheel transmission shaft assembly can comprise a chain wheel shaft and a chain wheel 34 sleeved on the chain wheel shaft, and the connecting structures of the gear transmission shaft assembly and the chain wheel transmission shaft assembly and the power source and the frame are the same, and are embodied in the same connecting structures of the gear shaft and the chain wheel shaft and the power source and the frame.
The power source can adopt the combination of a motor and a speed reducer, and can also adopt a hydraulic motor 31 to realize direct drive and stepless speed regulation of the hydraulic motor. The output shaft of the speed reducer or the hydraulic motor forms the output shaft of the power source, and the connection structure of the motor and speed reducer combination and the connection structure of the hydraulic motor and the frame are the same. Under the condition that the frame and the transmission mechanism are not changed, the combination of the motor and the speed reducer can be replaced by a hydraulic motor or vice versa according to the requirement.
The hydraulic motor is preferably a low-speed large-torque hydraulic motor, so that the driving torque is large, a speed reducing mechanism can be omitted for direct driving, a transmission chain is greatly reduced, the size of a transmission structure is reduced, and the overall structural layout of the trolley is more compact. The hydraulic motor in the embodiment shown in the drawings can provide a maximum driving force of 5000 Nm.
Because the driving device and the limiting device can be interchangeably installed in different structural styles, the driving device and the limiting device can adopt the combination of the different structural styles so as to adapt to the telescopic arms and the tracks with different structures. For example, fig. 8 shows the combination of the limiting device of fig. 4 and the gear pin row transmission form, and fig. 9 shows the combination of the limiting device of the full-cylindrical tread roller of fig. 5 and the gear pin row transmission form.
The invention is firm and durable, has compact structure, saves space, adapts to the coal roadway supporting environment, has good mechanism interchangeability, and can replace the driving device and the limiting device in different forms according to the requirement.
The front-back direction referred to herein coincides with the X-axis direction in fig. 1, and the left-right direction coincides with the Z-axis direction in fig. 1.