Coal gasification pyrolysis gas cooling washing device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal gasification, in particular to a coal gasification high-temperature pyrolysis gas cooling and washing device.
Background
The cooling mode of the high-temperature synthesis gas comprises a chilling process and a waste boiler process, wherein the chilling process represents a Texaco gasification technology, a multi-nozzle gasification technology, an aerospace gasification technology and a second generation of a desublimate gasification technology; the waste boiler process is represented by Shell (Shell) gasification technology, a third generation furnace for clearing heat and the like; the relevant description is as follows:
the Texaco gasification technology corresponds to a Texaco gasification device, a chilling chamber of the Texaco gasification device is provided with a chilling ring, a down pipe and an up pipe, washing cooling water enters the chilling chamber in two ways, one way enters the chilling ring for 45-degree spraying and forms a water film along the down pipe, and the other way is directly sent into a water bath; the chilling ring nozzle cools the synthesis gas, and the downcomer water film is used for protecting the downcomer to avoid deformation of the downcomer caused by heat radiation of the high-temperature synthesis gas. Synthetic gas enters a chilling chamber through a slag port of the gasification furnace, is sprayed with water by a chilling ring, is chilled and then enters a water bath of the chilling chamber along a down pipe, is washed by the water bath of the chilling chamber, rises along a gap between the down pipe and an ascending pipe, and is discharged out of the chilling chamber of the gasification furnace.
In the four-nozzle gasification technology in the multi-nozzle gasification technology, a chilling ring, a descending pipe, a bubble breaking strip and other structures are arranged in a chilling chamber to form a composite washing and cooling structure combining a spray bed and a bubbling bed. Compared with a Texaco gasification technology chilling chamber, the structure of a rising pipe is omitted, and bubble breaking strips and the like are added.
The top of a gasification furnace of the Shell gasification technology is about 3.96MPa and 1500 ℃ high-temperature crude synthesis gas, the high-temperature crude synthesis gas is chilled to be below 900 ℃ by 209 ℃ chilling gas, enters a waste heat boiler to produce steam, and enters a ceramic filter dry-type ash removal and wet-type washing system after heat is recovered.
In the prior art, the mixer washing device for dust-containing gas comprises a synthesis gas pipe and a grey water pipe, wherein a water spray nozzle of the grey water pipe is communicated with the synthesis gas pipe, a sleeve pipe is arranged in the synthesis gas pipe, the water spray nozzle of the grey water pipe is opposite to an air inlet of the sleeve pipe, and a swirler is arranged at the position, close to the water spray nozzle, of the grey water pipe. The swirler is arranged near the water spray port of the grey water pipe, so that the swirler can realize the primary atomization of washing water, and the cooling washing device has long flow and complex structure; the pyrolysis gas ascending and discharging gasification furnace is difficult to select materials from high-temperature pyrolysis gas conveying pipelines.
Because high-temperature pyrolysis gas is discharged from the pyrolysis chamber from the upper part, the cyclone flow field in the pyrolysis chamber can ensure that pyrolysis semicoke is directionally conveyed due to the arrangement of the burner of the pyrolysis chamber, the dust content of the top pyrolysis gas is small, the traditional multistage washing (a chilling chamber, a Venturi and a washing tower) mode is not needed for washing, and the longer synthetic gas washing process of the traditional coal gasification technology is not needed.
In summary, how to provide a coal gasification high-temperature pyrolysis gas cooling and washing device to effectively solve the problems of cooling and washing of high-temperature pyrolysis gas at 800-.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coal gasification high-temperature pyrolysis gas cooling and washing device which is simple in structure and can simultaneously solve the problems of cooling of a high-temperature pyrolysis gas conveying pipeline and washing of pyrolysis gas.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a coal gasification pyrolysis gas cooling washing device, includes the pyrolysis gas passageway that is used for flowing through high temperature pyrolysis gas with the gas outlet intercommunication of vaporizer, sets up in the spray water annular gap of pyrolysis gas passageway periphery, sets up in the external cooling water annular gap of spray water annular gap periphery, be provided with the hole for water spraying on the inner wall of spray water annular gap, spray water in the spray water annular gap is used for carrying out spray cooling to pyrolysis gas passageway, external cooling water in the external cooling water annular gap is used for cooling spray water annular gap and pyrolysis gas passageway.
Preferably, the pyrolysis gas channel comprises a necking section at the inlet of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas, a throat section of the middle section and a flaring section at the outlet.
Preferably, the angle of the converging section is greater than the angle of the diverging section.
Preferably, the blowholes are arranged on the throat section, and the number of the blowholes is multiple.
Preferably, the water spray holes are uniformly arranged.
Preferably, the ratio of the flow rate of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas to the flow rate of the spray water is less than 125.
Preferably, the flow velocity of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas in a throat pipe section is 40-60m/s, and the diameter of the water spray holes is 2-5 mm.
Preferably, the length of the throat section is greater than or equal to 2 times the diameter of the throat.
Preferably, the upper side of the outer shell of the external cooling water annular space is provided with a cooling water inlet, the lower side of the outer shell of the external cooling water annular space is provided with a cooling water outlet, the cooling water inlet is communicated with a cooling water inlet pipe, and the cooling water outlet is communicated with a cooling water outlet pipe;
the upside of the outer wall of the spray water annular space is provided with a spray water inlet, the downside is provided with a spray water outlet, the spray water inlet is communicated with a spray water inlet pipe, and the spray water outlet is communicated with a spray water outlet pipe.
Preferably, the outer wall of the spray water annular gap is the inner wall of the external cooling water annular gap, and the spray water inlet pipe and the spray water outlet pipe penetrate out of the outer shell of the external cooling water annular gap in a sealing mode.
The coal gasification high-temperature pyrolysis gas cooling and washing device comprises a pyrolysis gas channel, a spray water annular gap and an external cooling water annular gap, wherein the pyrolysis gas channel is arranged in the middle and is communicated with a gas outlet of a gasification chamber, and high-temperature pyrolysis gas of the gasification chamber enters from an inlet of the pyrolysis gas channel, flows through the pyrolysis gas channel and is discharged from an outlet of the pyrolysis gas channel. The material of the pyrolysis gas channel can be nickel-based alloy, such as Incoloy825, and has acid and alkali metal corrosion resistance under oxidation and reduction environments.
The spray water annular gap is arranged at the periphery of the pyrolysis gas channel, and spray water is introduced into the spray water annular gap. The inner wall of the spray water annular space is provided with water spray holes, spray water is sprayed into the pyrolysis gas channel from the water spray holes and sprayed to the high-temperature pyrolysis gas, the spray water is evaporated and atomized to take away heat in the pyrolysis gas channel, and the spray water is used for spray cooling the pyrolysis gas channel. Meanwhile, after the spray water flows through the spray water annular gap, the spray water annular gap is washed.
The external cooling water annular gap is arranged at the periphery of the spray water annular gap, and external cooling water is introduced into the external cooling water annular gap. The inner wall of the external cooling water annular gap is in contact with the outer wall of the spray water annular gap, the temperature of the external cooling water is lower, and the external cooling water exchanges heat with the spray water annular gap with higher temperature so as to cool the spray water annular gap and the pyrolysis gas channel by the external cooling water.
The coal gasification high-temperature pyrolysis gas cooling and washing device provided by the invention can simultaneously complete the cooling of the pyrolysis gas channel and the washing of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas for the 800-plus-900-DEG C high-temperature pyrolysis gas with low dust content; and the process is shorter, the longer synthetic gas washing process of the traditional coal gasification technology is not needed, the difficulty in selecting materials of the pyrolysis gas channel can be reduced, the structure is simple, and the cost is lower.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal gasification pyrolysis gas cooling washing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The drawings are numbered as follows:
the device comprises a shell 1, an external cooling water annular gap 2, a spray water annular gap 3, a pyrolysis gas channel 4, a water spray hole 5, a cooling water inlet pipe 6, a cooling water outlet pipe 7, a spray water inlet pipe 8, a spray water outlet pipe 9, a necking section 41, a throat section 42 and a flaring section 43.
Detailed Description
The core of the invention is to provide a coal gasification high-temperature pyrolysis gas cooling and washing device which has a simple structure and can simultaneously solve the problems of cooling of a high-temperature pyrolysis gas conveying pipeline and washing of pyrolysis gas.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal gasification pyrolysis gas cooling washing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In a specific embodiment, the coal gasification high-temperature pyrolysis gas cooling and washing device provided by the invention comprises a pyrolysis gas channel 4 communicated with a gas outlet of a gasification chamber and used for flowing through high-temperature pyrolysis gas, a spray water annular gap 3 arranged on the periphery of the pyrolysis gas channel 4, and an external cooling water annular gap 2 arranged on the periphery of the spray water annular gap 3, wherein a water spray hole 5 is arranged on the inner wall of the spray water annular gap 3, spray water in the spray water annular gap 3 is used for spray cooling of the pyrolysis gas channel 4, and external cooling water in the external cooling water annular gap 2 is used for cooling the spray water annular gap 3 and the pyrolysis gas channel 4.
In the structure, the coal gasification high-temperature pyrolysis gas cooling and washing device comprises a pyrolysis gas channel 4, a spray water annular gap 3 and an external cooling water annular gap 2, wherein the pyrolysis gas channel 4 is arranged in the middle, the pyrolysis gas channel 4 is communicated with a gas outlet of the gasification chamber, and high-temperature pyrolysis gas in the gasification chamber enters from an inlet of the pyrolysis gas channel 4, flows through the pyrolysis gas channel 4 and is discharged from an outlet of the pyrolysis gas channel 4. The material of the pyrolysis gas channel 4 can be nickel-based alloy, such as Incoloy825, and has acid and alkali metal corrosion resistance under oxidation and reduction environments.
The spray water annular gap 3 is arranged at the periphery of the pyrolysis gas channel 4, and spray water is communicated in the spray water annular gap 3. The inner wall of the spray water annular space 3 is provided with water spray holes 5, spray water is sprayed into the pyrolysis gas channel 4 from the water spray holes 5, the spray water is sprayed to the high-temperature pyrolysis gas, the spray water is evaporated and atomized to take away heat in the pyrolysis gas channel 4, and the spray water is used for spray cooling of the pyrolysis gas channel 4. Meanwhile, after the shower water flows through the shower water annular space 3, the shower water annular space 3 is washed.
The external cooling water annular gap 2 is arranged at the periphery of the spray water annular gap 3, and external cooling water is introduced into the external cooling water annular gap 2. The inner wall of the external cooling water annular gap 2 is in contact with the outer wall of the spray water annular gap 3, the temperature of the external cooling water is lower, and the external cooling water exchanges heat with the spray water annular gap 3 with higher temperature so as to cool the spray water annular gap 3 and the pyrolysis gas channel 4 by the external cooling water.
The coal gasification high-temperature pyrolysis gas cooling and washing device provided by the invention can simultaneously complete the cooling of the pyrolysis gas channel 4 and the washing work of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas at the temperature of 800-900 ℃ with lower dust content; and the flow is shorter, the longer synthetic gas washing flow of the traditional coal gasification technology is not needed, the difficulty in selecting materials of the pyrolysis gas channel 4 can be reduced, the structure is simple, and the cost is lower.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the pyrolysis gas channel 4 comprises a necking section 41, a throat section 42 and a flaring section 43, wherein the necking section 41 is located at the inlet of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas, the throat section 42 is located at the middle section, and the flaring section 43 is located at the outlet.
The pyrolysis gas channel 4 is set to be a structure which is contracted first and then expanded, the speed of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas is improved through the contraction opening section 41, and the effect of strengthening spraying and atomization is achieved through the speed difference between the high-temperature pyrolysis gas and the spray water. The flaring section 43 can slow down the speed of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas flowing out, and ensure the flowing stability of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas.
Preferably, the angle of the reduced section 41 is larger than that of the expanded section 43, for example, the angle α of the reduced section 41 is any value between 12 ° and 14 °, inclusive, for example, 13mm, and the angle of the reduced section 41 is larger, which can reduce the total length of the whole device. The angle β of the flared section 43 is anywhere between 2-4 °, inclusive, for example 3 mm; the angle of the flaring section 43 is smaller, and the flow of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas after spray cooling is more stable.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the water spray holes 5 are arranged on the throat section 42, and the water spray holes 5 are convenient to arrange, good in stability and not easy to vibrate. The throat pipe section 42 of the spray water annular space 3 is long, a plurality of water spray holes 5 are formed in the throat pipe section 42, spray water is dispersed by increasing the number of the water spray holes 5, high-temperature pyrolysis gas at the throat pipe section 42 can be sprayed and cooled at different positions, and the improvement of washing efficiency and cooling effect is facilitated.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the water spray holes 5 can be uniformly arranged on the throat section 42, the spraying water dispersion is more sufficient and uniform, and the integral washing and cooling of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas are more uniform. Of course, the water spray holes 5 on the throat section 42 may be uniformly arranged only in a preferred embodiment, which is not exclusive, or may be non-uniformly arranged, for example, the water spray holes 5 in the middle are more numerous and distributed more densely; the number of the water spray holes 5 at the two ends is less, and the distribution is more dispersed. The distribution mode of the specific water spraying holes 5 is not limited and can be determined according to the actual application condition.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the flow ratio of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas to the spray water is less than 125, that is, the volume ratio of the flow of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas to the spray water is less than 125, for example, the volume of the external cooling water annulus 2 is 316L, the volume of the spray water annulus 3 is 316L, the flow velocity of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas in the throat section 42 is any value between 40 and 60m/s, including an endpoint value, for example, 50m/s, and any value between 2 and 5mm in the diameter of the water spray holes 5, including an endpoint value, for example, 4mm, so that the flowing high-temperature pyrolysis gas can be sprayed and atomized with enough spray water effects, and the cooling and washing requirements of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas are met.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the length of the throat section 42 is greater than or equal to 2 times the diameter of the throat, the throat has a larger length, and a larger number of water spray holes 5 can be arranged, so that not only can the cooling area be enlarged, but also the opening area of the water spray holes 5 can be enlarged, and the pipe vibration caused by locally spraying more cooling water can be prevented.
In another more reliable embodiment, on the basis of any one of the above embodiments, the outer casing 1 of the external cooling water annular gap 2 is provided with a cooling water inlet at the upper side and a cooling water outlet at the lower side, the cooling water inlet is communicated with a cooling water inlet pipe 6, and the cooling water outlet is communicated with a cooling water outlet pipe 7. The upside of the outer wall of spray water annulus 3 is provided with the spray water inlet, and the downside is provided with the spray water delivery port, and the spray water inlet communicates with spray water inlet tube 8, and spray water delivery port and spray water outlet pipe 9 communicate, and spray water annulus 3 and external cooling water annulus 2's simple structure can let in spray water and external cooling water in real time, and the temperature of guaranteeing spray water and external cooling water is lower, has better cooling effect.
On the basis of each specific embodiment, the outer wall of the spray water annular gap 3 is the inner wall of the external cooling water annular gap 2, the spray water inlet pipe 8 and the spray water outlet pipe 9 penetrate out of the outer shell 1 of the external cooling water annular gap 2 in a sealing mode, only one layer of wall surface interval exists between the spray water annular gap 3 and the external cooling water annular gap 2, the outer wall of the spray water annular gap 3 is wrapped in the external cooling water, and the cooling and heat exchange effects are better.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The coal gasification high-temperature pyrolysis gas cooling and washing device provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.