Flexible tube plate structure and waste heat boiler with same
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchange equipment used in the fields of petroleum refining, chemical industry, coal chemical industry and the like, in particular to a flexible tube plate structure and a waste heat boiler with the same.
Background
In the fields of petroleum refining, chemical industry, coal chemical industry and the like, the research of energy saving technology is increasing, and the heat exchanger is the most commonly and most applied equipment in the work of recovering heat energy. The joint of the tube plate and the heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger is the most central part of the whole heat exchanger and is also the weakest part, and a large number of failures of the heat exchanger occur at the part. Waste heat boilers are a common type of heat exchanger.
Because the traditional tube plate has larger thickness, the heat transfer is slow in the thickness direction, the temperature gradient is large, adverse factors to the use of equipment such as stress concentration and the like are extremely easy to cause the damage of the joint of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate, and the heat exchange tube becomes a main weak part of the heat exchanger. The tube plate is too thick, so that the gap between the tube hole on the tube plate and the heat exchange tube is too large, and salt substances are concentrated and scaled in the gap, so that scaling corrosion is generated. Under high temperature conditions, thick tube sheet heat exchangers have difficulty ensuring long cycle operation of the equipment.
The temperature difference of the tube plate is effectively reduced by adopting the thin tube plate, so that the damage of the joint of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate and the equipment failure caused by the cracking of the tube plate can be effectively avoided. However, under the conditions of large high pressure and high temperature, particularly under the working condition that the shell-and-tube pressure difference is large, the tube plate part of the thin tube plate waste heat boiler can be greatly deformed due to the shell-and-tube pressure difference, and the joint of the tube plate and the heat exchange tube is extremely easy to fail.
The inventor provides a technology of China patent number CN201720412001.6, namely a double-tube-plate combined quenching boiler for coal chemical industry, and the thin tube plate and the thick tube plate are welded and fixed through dense lacing wires in a mode of combining the thin tube plate and the thick tube plate. In addition, the thin tube plate and the thick tube plate are connected into a whole by the tie bars, the thin tube plate is reinforced, and is not easy to deform and kept in a plane state, so that the fixedly connected part of the thin tube plate and the shell is not subjected to bending alternating load, and the thin tube plate can bear larger pressure.
From the above, the thin tube plate and the thick tube plate are welded and fixed in a plurality of densely arranged modes, so that the welding and fixing difficulty is high, the tie bars and the thick tube plate are welded by angle welding, and the fixedly connecting strength is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a flexible tube plate structure and a waste heat boiler with the structure, which are convenient to weld and fix and have high connection strength.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
The utility model provides a flexible tube plate structure, including thin tube sheet and thick tube sheet, still include the polylith that arranges side by side and draw the stay plate, draw the stay plate to include the plate body and arrange in the polylith pull rod of plate body, thick tube sheet is equipped with a plurality of bosss of arranging, polylith draw the plate body butt joint of stay plate in thick tube sheet corresponds the boss, thick tube sheet with thin tube sheet all opens the tube hole that supplies the heat transfer pipe to pass, thin tube sheet has opened the multirow supporting hole, draw the stay plate a plurality of pull rods interlude and just pass through counter bore welding form welded fastening in the supporting hole of corresponding row.
Further preferably, the plate body and the pull rod of each pull support plate are of a mutually integrated structure.
Further preferably, the plate body is a square plate, and the end face of the boss is a flat surface matched with the end face of the plate body.
Further preferably, the supporting hole is a circular hole, and the pull rod is a circular rod body matched with the supporting hole.
Further preferably, the plate body is provided with a slot hole penetrating through the thickness thereof.
Further preferably, the number of the slots is plural, and the plural slots are arranged in a row along the width and length directions of the plate body.
Further preferably, the circumference of the pipe hole is expanded with an extension groove, so that the pipe hole is plum blossom-shaped, and/or a plurality of liquid through holes are formed in the position, close to the circumference of the thick pipe plate.
Further preferably, the end of the tie rod is flush with the end face of the thin tube sheet.
The waste heat boiler with the flexible tube plate structure comprises an inlet tube box, an outlet tube box and a shell side cylinder body, wherein a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the shell side cylinder body, the thin tube plate is connected with the inlet tube box, the thick tube plate is connected with the shell side cylinder body, one end of each heat exchange tube penetrates through the tube hole of the thick tube plate and then penetrates between two adjacent stay plates, and is further communicated with the inlet tube box through the thin tube plate, the shell side cylinder body is further provided with a rear tube plate, and the other end of each heat exchange tube penetrates through the rear tube plate and is then communicated with the outlet tube box.
Further preferably, the width of the plate body of the bracing plate is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell-side cylinder body, so that a gap is reserved between the plate body and the shell-side cylinder body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
Compared with the prior art, the flexible tube plate structure and the waste heat boiler with the structure have the following effects:
1) Compared with the connecting structure of the heat exchange tube and the thicker tube plate in the prior art, the invention adopts the connecting structure of the heat exchange tube and the thinner tube plate to realize full-welding penetration deep hole welding more easily, ensure the quality of the tube head and avoid the problems of high-temperature failure and clearance corrosion of the connecting welding seam of the heat exchange tube and the thicker tube plate;
2) The double-tube-plate structure with the thin tube plate combined with the thick tube plate can strengthen the strength of the thin tube plate and avoid the great bending deformation of the thin tube plate in the use process, thereby avoiding the failure of equipment;
3) The thin tube plates are welded and connected with the double tube plates of the thick tube plates through the stay plates, and the thick tube plates which are not easy to deform are connected into a whole through the stay plates with higher rigidity, so that the strength of the thin tube plates is enhanced, and the thin tube plates are prevented from deforming;
4) The connecting side of the bracing plate and the thick tube plate is of a plate body structure, so that the problems of instability and the like of the bracing plate can be prevented;
5) Compared with the prior art of densely welding a plurality of lacing wires respectively, the invention can arrange and weld each lacing plate, has convenient welding operation and reduces the manufacturing difficulty;
6) Each row of pull rods are connected into a whole by a plate body, so that the overall strength is higher, and a more effective strengthening effect is provided for the thin tube plate;
Further:
7) The connecting side of the pull supporting plate and the thin tube plate is of a pull rod structure, and the connecting side of the pull supporting plate and the thick tube plate is of a plate with slotted holes, so that shell side cooling water can flow between the two tube plates rapidly and uniformly, and high-temperature failure of equipment caused by high Wen Sijiao is prevented;
8) The plum blossom-shaped pipe holes on the thick pipe plate are uniformly distributed with plum blossom petals, so that the cooling liquid can flow uniformly;
9) The width of the pull supporting plate is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell side cylinder, and a liquid circulation channel is reserved between the shell side cylinder and the pull supporting plate, so that the shell side outer ring is also cooled by cooling water, and high-temperature failure is avoided;
10 The thick tube plate is provided with a boss welded with the stay plate, and the thick tube plate and the stay plate are welded in a butt joint way, so that the welding quality between the stay plate and the tube plate is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a waste heat boiler in an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a specific structural diagram at I in the drawing.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view in the direction B-B of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view in the direction a in fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a view in the direction C-C of fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a stay plate in an embodiment.
Fig. 7 is another visual schematic of the stay plate in an embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a thick tubesheet in an embodiment.
FIG. 9 is another visual schematic of a thick tubesheet in an embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a further visual schematic of a thick tubesheet in an embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of tube holes of a thick tube sheet in an embodiment.
Reference numerals:
The heat exchange tube comprises an inlet tube box 1, a flexible tube plate structure 2, a shell side cylinder 3, a rear tube plate 4, an outlet tube box 5, a thin tube plate 6, a stay plate 7, a boss 8, a thick tube plate 9, heat exchange tubes 10, support holes 11, pull rods 12, a plate body 13, slotted holes 14, tube holes 15 and liquid through holes 16.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.
The waste heat boiler of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 11, includes an inlet pipe box 1, an outlet pipe box 5 and a shell side cylinder 3, the end of the shell side cylinder 3 near the inlet pipe box 1 is provided with a flexible tube plate structure 2, the flexible tube plate structure 2 includes a thin tube plate 6, a thick tube plate 9 and a plurality of parallel stay plates 7, each stay plate 7 includes a plate body 13 and a plurality of pull rods 12 arranged on one side of the plate body 13, the thick tube plate 9 is provided with a plurality of arranged bosses 8, the arrangement direction of the bosses 8 is the same as the width direction of the plate body 13, and the other side of the plate body 13 is butt welded on the boss 8 corresponding to the thick tube plate 9. The thin tube plate 6 is provided with a plurality of rows of supporting holes 11, a plurality of pull rods 12 of the pull supporting plate 7 are inserted into the corresponding rows of supporting holes 11 and welded and fixed in a counter bore welding mode, and the welded steel plate is ground flat. In practice, the pull rod 12 can only extend from the plate 13 by a small section, and the overall strength of the pull support plate 7 can be further improved by controlling the length of the pull rod 12. Wherein the thickness of the thin tube plate 6 and the thick tube plate 9 is that the thickness of the thin tube plate 6 meets the requirement of flexible deformation and the thickness of the thick tube plate 9 meets the requirement of strength.
The mode that thin tube sheet 6 and thick tube sheet 9 combined together can avoid traditional heat exchange tube 10 and tube sheet junction's destruction and tube sheet fracture to arouse equipment to become invalid to and the tube sheet is under the circumstances of high pressure high temperature, especially the tube sheet is difficult for taking place very big bending deformation characteristic in the great operating mode of shell and tube journey pressure phase difference, and this structure still has the advantage of preventing clearance structure corrosion failure. The double-tube-plate structure of combining the thin tube plate 6 with the thick tube plate 9 can strengthen the strength of the thin tube plate 6 and avoid the extremely large bending deformation of the thin tube plate 6 in the use process, thereby causing the failure of equipment. The thin tube plates 6 are welded and connected with the double tube plates of the thick tube plates 9 through the stay plates 7, the thin tube plates 6 are connected into a whole through the stay plates 7 with high rigidity by the thick tube plates 9, the strength of the thin tube plates 6 is enhanced, and the thin tube plates 6 are prevented from deforming. The connecting side of the stay plate 7 and the thick tube plate 9 is in a plate body 13 structure, so that the problems of instability and the like of the stay plate 7 can be prevented. Compared with the prior art of densely welding a plurality of lacing wires respectively, the invention only needs to arrange and weld each lacing wire 7, and the invention has the advantages of modularized welding, convenient welding operation and reduced manufacturing difficulty. Each row of pull rods 12 are mutually connected into a whole by a plate body 13, so that the overall strength is higher, and more effective strengthening effect is provided for the thin tube plate 6.
The shell side cylinder 3 is internally provided with a plurality of heat exchange tubes 10 which are arranged in parallel, the thin tube plate 6 is connected with the inlet tube box 1, the thick tube plate 9 is connected with the shell side cylinder 3, the thin tube plate 6 and the thick tube plate 9 are both provided with tube holes 15 through which the heat exchange tubes 10 pass, one end of each heat exchange tube 10 passes through the tube holes 15 of the thick tube plate 9 and then passes between two adjacent stay plates 7, the inlet tube box 1 is further communicated through the thin tube plate 6, and fluid in the inlet tube box 1 flows into the heat exchange tubes 10. The heat exchange tube 10 is welded and fixed with the thin tube plate 6. Compared with the traditional structure for connecting the heat exchange tube with the thicker tube plate, the full-welding deep hole welding is easier to realize between the heat exchange tube 10 and the thin tube plate 6, the quality of the tube head is ensured, and the full-welding deep hole welding structure of the thin tube plate 6 is compared with the traditional structure for connecting the thick tube plate 9 with the heat exchange tube 10, so that the problems of high-temperature failure and clearance corrosion of the connecting welding seam of the heat exchange tube 10 and the thick tube plate 9 are avoided. The shell side cylinder 3 is also provided with a rear tube plate 4, and the other end of the heat exchange tube 10 passes through the rear tube plate 4 and then is communicated with the outlet tube box 5.
In this embodiment, the plate body 13 and the tie bars 12 of each tie bar 7 are of a mutually integrated structure, specifically, are grooved in the plate, thereby forming a plurality of tie bars 12. The plate body 13 is square plate, and boss 8 terminal surface is the level and smooth face with plate body 13 terminal surface looks adaptation, provides great welding area, and the welding is more firm. The supporting hole 11 is a round hole, and the pull rod 12 is a round rod body matched with the supporting hole 11.
In this embodiment, the plate 13 is provided with a plurality of oval slots 14 penetrating through the thickness thereof, and the slots 14 are arranged along the width and length directions of the plate 13, so that the shell side cooling water can flow between the double tube plates rapidly and uniformly, and high-temperature failure of the device caused by high Wen Sijiao is prevented.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the peripheral portion of the tube hole 15 is expanded with an extension groove, so that the tube hole 15 is plum blossom-shaped, and a larger gap is formed between the plum blossom-shaped tube hole 15 on the thick tube plate 9 and the heat exchange tube 10, so that the cooling liquid can pass through the thick tube plate 9, and blockage and gap corrosion cannot occur. The plum blossom petals of the plum blossom-shaped pipe holes 15 on the thick pipe plate 9 are uniformly distributed, so that the cooling liquid uniformly flows. A plurality of liquid through holes 16 which are uniformly distributed in a ring shape are also formed in the position, close to the periphery, of the thick tube plate 9, the liquid through holes 16 are smooth through holes, no heat exchange tube 10 passes through the liquid through holes 16, and shell side cooling water can flow through gaps between the liquid through holes 16, the tube holes 15 and the heat exchange tube 10.
In this embodiment, the width of the plate body 13 of the bracing plate 7 is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell side cylinder body 3, so that a gap is reserved between the plate body 13 and the shell side cylinder body 3, and a liquid circulation channel is reserved between the shell side cylinder body 3 and the bracing plate 7, so that the shell side outer ring is also subjected to cooling of cooling water, and high-temperature failure is avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.