CN113135778A - Agricultural plant enzyme for preparing compost on site in field by utilizing agricultural organic wastes - Google Patents
Agricultural plant enzyme for preparing compost on site in field by utilizing agricultural organic wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113135778A CN113135778A CN202110233227.0A CN202110233227A CN113135778A CN 113135778 A CN113135778 A CN 113135778A CN 202110233227 A CN202110233227 A CN 202110233227A CN 113135778 A CN113135778 A CN 113135778A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/989—Flow sheets for biological or biochemical treatment
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical fields of biological fermentation, environmental pollution reduction, harmful bacterium inhibition, heavy metal decomposition, peculiar smell degradation, organic waste utilization and agricultural product safety, in particular to an agricultural plant enzyme for preparing compost on the spot in a field by utilizing agricultural organic waste. The innovative technology of the invention is realized according to the following ways: is prepared from fresh fruit, vegetable, plant root, stem and leaf, sugar, agricultural plant ferment, water, etc through natural fermentation for three years and addition of culture for six times. The invention can produce the agricultural organic wastes such as weeds, fallen fruits, fallen leaves, straws and the like generated in the agricultural planting process into the enzyme compost on the spot in the field, so that the raw materials come from the field, the compost is directly used in the field, the manpower, material resources and financial resources are saved, various chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers are replaced or partially replaced, the field spot circulation in the real sense is realized, the production cost is reduced, and the soil is naturally restored and improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological fermentation, harmful bacteria inhibition, heavy metal decomposition, excrement odor degradation, traditional pesticide chemical fertilizer reduction and agricultural product safety, in particular to a farm plant enzyme for preparing compost on the spot in the field by utilizing agricultural organic wastes.
Background
When the modern agriculture promotes agricultural products to be greatly increased and the labor productivity is greatly improved, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are excessively used, livestock manure and straws are not properly treated, agricultural non-point source pollution is serious, biological diversity is damaged, soil erosion and hardening are caused, and the quality safety of the agricultural products, the survival safety of human beings and sustainable development are seriously influenced. Under the background of the convergence of resource and environment constraints, the problem to be solved urgently is how to accelerate the agricultural development mode conversion, ensure the effective supply of important agricultural products such as grains and the like, and realize green development and sustainable resource utilization.
The ferment is a traditional product in China and is a traditional food fermentation technology. As early as 2500 years ago, China has enzyme products produced, and wine residues are used for treating gastrointestinal diseases, which is recorded in emperor's internal classic in detail. In the spring and autumn warring period, the Qin beginner is once the Tai Yi produces the enzyme, and the enzyme is specially used by the self, the queen and the intrauterine personnel to ask for 'longevity'.
Internationally, the plant enzyme has always been regarded as high in importance in the fields of agriculture, feeding, daily use, environmental protection, health preservation and health care and the like. Various plant enzyme industries and plant enzyme products are in endless, plant enzymes form a mature industrial chain, and the enzyme market reaches 1128 billion dollar scale in 2012 worldwide.
In China, the use of agricultural enzymes is just started. Through nine years of intensive experiments and extensive practice, the series products of the 'Fuyuan agricultural plant enzyme' are generally accepted. As a participant of the national plant enzyme industry standard, enterprises integrate development and production, pilot demonstration (standardization) and radiation popularization, and are in a leading position in the industry.
In the traditional agricultural production, in order to stabilize the yield and high yield and ensure the grain production, a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used for crops and economic crops in the planting process, and the agricultural materials can pollute the environment in the using process and increase the production cost. Therefore, obtaining the maximum agricultural product profit with the minimum investment of agricultural materials and environmental cost has become an urgent problem to be solved. The agricultural plant enzyme technology in the good margin and the popularization and application of the product can not only reduce the usage amount of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, but also improve the yield and quality of agricultural products, improve the food safety index, reduce the cost of agricultural planting, improve the quality and increase the income, and realize the win-win situation of economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit.
With the increasing emphasis on food safety in China, the technical advantages of agricultural enzymes and the market advantages of enzyme agricultural products are increasingly obvious, the bottleneck problem in agricultural development is solved through research, development and application of products, the development requirements of the times are met, and the market requirements are huge. At present, the domestic enzyme industry is in the growth period, the residual error of the product quality is not uniform, the phenomenon of fish eyes mixing with beads is serious, and the public praise of enzyme products in consumers is damaged. Part of the existing products are original and not standard in fermentation process, and the product quality is unstable. The product is developed for eight years, not only belongs to the category of traditional products, but also is an innovative product with high technology content after technical grafting. The method is in the leading position in the world and the country, and fills the blank in the country. The compost agricultural plant enzyme strain adopted by the product is prepared by carrying out biological purification, permutation and combination and natural fermentation cultivation for hundreds of times in seven years. The invention can effectively decompose peculiar smell and inhibit harmful bacteria (see attached figures 1-4), mainly prepares agricultural organic wastes such as weeds, fallen fruits, fallen leaves, straws and the like generated in the agricultural planting process into enzyme compost on the spot in the field, leads the raw materials to come from the field, leads the compost to be directly used in the field, saves manpower, material resources and financial resources, replaces or partially replaces various chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers, and realizes the real modern circular agriculture. (see FIGS. 5-11).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to an agricultural plant enzyme for preparing compost in situ in a field by utilizing agricultural organic wastes, which takes natural plants as fermentation raw materials, utilizes a plant enzyme fermentation technology, does not add chemical components of traditional pesticide and fertilizer in the fermentation process, and has no secondary pollution to the ecological environment and can purify the environment pollution.
According to the invention, through the biodegradation effect of the plant enzyme, the recycling of agricultural organic wastes in modern agricultural planting is effectively realized, the organic matter and probiotic flora amount of soil is increased, pesticide and fertilizer are reduced, harmful components such as heavy metal and the like remained in the soil are degraded, the effect of changing harm into benefit is effectively realized, the effects of reducing production cost, reducing agricultural planting pollution and improving environment are achieved from the production source, and the domestic blank is filled.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: adding natural plant raw materials, sugar and agricultural plant enzyme strains for Foucault auricular compost into a fermentation container according to a certain proportion, and naturally fermenting for three years and six times.
The natural plant raw materials are fresh vegetable and plant roots, stems and leaves: tomato fruit and rhizome, Chinese cabbage leaf and rhizome, radish leaf and rhizome, sweet potato fruit and leaf, and potato fruit and rhizome each 20%.
The sugar is brown sugar or molasses.
The agricultural compost plant enzyme strain is prepared by carrying out biological purification, permutation and combination and natural fermentation cultivation for hundreds of times in seven years. The main components are as follows: the beneficial ferment microbial flora and the derivatives thereof, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, trichoderma harzianum and the produced microbial enzymes, which are composed of a yeast flora, a bacillus sporophore, a photosynthetic flora, a lactic acid flora, filamentous fungi, beauveria bassiana and the like, crack macromolecular organic matters and indissolvable inorganic matters, accelerate the fermentation and degradation of the organic matters, have good effect of inhibiting bacteria and killing insects and decompose heavy metals.
The plastic container is adopted in the first five times of fermentation of the fermentation container, and because gas can be generated in the fermentation process, the plastic container can expand and become large, and the safety of the fermentation process is ensured. The sixth fermentation was performed in a stainless steel vessel.
The composting agricultural plant enzyme biological fermentation process flow (shown in figure 12) comprises the following steps:
(1) natural plant raw materials, sugar, agricultural plant enzyme strains for Fondalia compost and water are naturally fermented for 1 month according to the proportion of (1.5-4.5) to (0.5-1.5) to (0.5-1) to (9-10);
(2) according to the fermentation condition of the plant enzyme fermentation liquor of the first fermentation, the method comprises the following steps: composting type agricultural plant enzyme primary fermentation liquor, sugar and agricultural plant enzyme strains for composting in the Foucaila (9-10) to (0.5-1.5) to (0.5-1) in proportion, and performing natural fermentation for 8 months;
(3) according to the fermentation condition of the plant ferment fermentation liquor of the secondary fermentation, the method comprises the following steps: composting type agricultural plant enzyme secondary fermentation liquor, sugar and Foucault composting agricultural plant enzyme strains, and performing natural fermentation for 8 months in a ratio of (9-10) to (0.5-1);
(4) according to the fermentation condition of the plant ferment fermentation liquor obtained by the third fermentation, the fermentation conditions are as follows: composting type agricultural plant enzyme three-time fermentation liquor, sugar and Fonday land composting agricultural plant enzyme strains, and performing natural fermentation for 8 months in a ratio of (9-10) to (0.5-0.8);
(5) according to the fermentation conditions of the plant enzyme fermentation liquor obtained by the four times of fermentation, the following steps are carried out: composting type agricultural plant enzyme four-time fermentation liquor, sugar and agricultural plant enzyme strains for composting in the Foucaila (9-10) to (0.5-1) are subjected to natural fermentation for 6 months;
(6) according to the fermentation conditions of the plant enzyme fermentation liquor obtained by five times of fermentation, the following steps are carried out: the composting agricultural plant enzyme is prepared by naturally fermenting five times of fermentation liquor of composting agricultural plant enzyme, sugar, agricultural plant enzyme strains for composting in the Foucault and water in the proportion of (9-10) to (0.5-1) to (9-10) for 5 months.
Drawings
FIG. 1-FIG. 4 are the bacteriostatic activity experiments of the invention:
1. laboratory apparatus
Constant temperature Oscillator manufacturing of instrument Ltd
Changzhou commercialized Puda teaching apparatus Co., Ltd, electric heating constant temperature incubator
Suzhou Antai air technology Co Ltd of clean workbench Sujing group
Shanghai Shenan medical instrument factory with vertical pressure steam sterilizer
Cascada ultrapure Water System, Germany Pall Corporation
2. Experimental reagents and materials
Absolute ethanol (analytical purity, Kande chemical Co., Ltd., Laiyang City), ultrapure water, LB nutrient agar (HB0129, Haibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hippobo, Hippocampus, Qingdao Gaoko), LB broth (CM158, Beijing land bridge technology Co., Ltd.)
Test bacteria: escherichia coli (CVCC1570/CMCC44102), Bacillus pumilus (CVCC781/CVCC709), Staphylococcus aureus (CVCC1882), Salmonella (salmonella), all provided by the Bionics test center of Qingdao university of agriculture.
3. Experimental procedure
(1) Preparation of the culture Medium
Bacterial liquid culture medium: weighing LB broth 25.0g accurately, placing into conical flask, adding 1.L distilled water, heating to boil to dissolve completely, and subpackaging into 50mL conical flask, 20mL each, and autoclaving at 121 deg.C for 1 h.
Bacteria solid culture medium: accurately weighing 40.0g of LB nutrient agar into a conical flask, adding 1L of distilled water, heating and boiling to completely dissolve, subpackaging into 150mL conical flasks with each flask being 60mL, and autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 1h for later use.
(2) Cultivation of test bacterial suspensions
In an aseptic operating platform, in an alcohol lamp down flame aseptic area, 100uL of stock solution of test strains of escherichia coli, bacillus pumilus, staphylococcus aureus and salmonella is transferred into a conical flask filled with 20mL of liquid culture medium by using a sterilization liquid transfer gun. Sealing with cotton plug, and activating at 37 deg.C in a gas bath constant temperature oscillator, wherein Staphylococcus aureus is activated for 16h, and other bacteria are activated for 8 h.
(3) Preparation of medicated filter paper sheet
Preparing a plurality of filter paper sheets with the diameter of 6mm by using a puncher, and autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 1h for standby. When the bacteriostatic test is carried out, sterilized filter paper sheets are taken by using sterilization tweezers and placed in a sterilized culture dish, 10 mu L of liquid medicine is transferred to the filter paper sheets by using a liquid transfer gun each time, the filter paper sheets are kept still for a moment to volatilize a solvent, the liquid medicine is repeatedly added twice, the medicine-containing filter paper sheets can be attached to a bacterium-containing flat plate according to the experimental requirements, and the filter paper sheets soaked with distilled water sterilized in equal quantity are used as a control.
(4) Determination of the bacteriostatic Activity
Under aseptic condition, respectively pouring LB nutrient agar culture medium with the temperature of about 60 ℃ into a sterilized culture dish, slowly shaking up, placing in an ultra-clean workbench, and waiting for solidification. In an alcohol lamp down flame sterile area, respectively transferring 100uL of activated bacteria liquid of the large intestine bacillus, the short bacillus, the staphylococcus aureus and the salmonella in the center of the solidified culture medium by using a sterilization liquid-transferring gun, and uniformly coating by using a sterilization coater. And marking details by using a marking pen. Then taking three pieces of drug-containing filter paper sheets, and pasting the drug-containing filter paper sheets on the agar surface of a culture dish in a quadrilateral shape by contrasting one piece of filter paper sheet. And (3) placing the treated culture dish in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 24h, wherein the staphylococcus aureus needs to be cultured for 48h, and observing and measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone.
4. Results of the experiment
Bacterial inhibition effect of compost type agricultural plant enzyme on bacteria
Note: "+ + + +" indicates high sensitivity (φ)Bacteriostatic ringNot less than 15 mm); "+ +" indicates sensitivity (10 ≦ φ)Bacteriostatic ringLess than or equal to 14 mm); "+" indicates lower sensitivity (φ)Bacteriostatic ringLess than or equal to 10 mm); "-" indicates insensitivity.
FIG. 1 is a test chart of the present invention for inhibiting harmful bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, in which the upper left corner of the center is a control group and the other three are parallel experimental groups.
FIG. 2 is a test chart of Bacillus pumilus as a harmful bacterium inhibiting agent, wherein the upper left corner of the test chart is a control group, and the other three are parallel test groups.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the experimental detection of Escherichia coli, which is a harmful bacterium-inhibiting substance according to the present invention, in which the upper left corner of the diagram is a control group and the remaining three are parallel experimental groups.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the experimental detection of the present invention for inhibiting Salmonella which is a harmful bacterium, wherein the upper left corner of the diagram is a control group and the remaining three are parallel experimental groups.
Secondly, fig. 5-8 are the practice report of the 'field ground' agricultural organic waste recycling composting of the invention:
1. report unit
Biological science and technology Limited of Fuyuan of cigarette Tai
2. Practice reagents and materials
The ' compost type agricultural ferment ' in the Foucailan ' is agricultural planting organic waste such as weeds, fallen fruits, fallen leaves, straws and the like generated in the agricultural planting process.
3. Practical conclusions
Detection report of research and development department of cigarette platform Foucault Biotechnology Limited
The invention takes agricultural organic waste scattered on the field as raw material, and the basic fertilizer with the effects of microorganisms and organic fertilizer is prepared by decomposing and fermenting. Data display of detection report: the effective viable count (cfu) is higher than 30 units of the national standard, the organic matter (calculated by dry basis) is higher than 18.5 units of the national standard, the pH value is neutral, the number of faecal coliform bacteria is lower than 65 units of the national standard, and the death rate of ascarid eggs is higher than 4 percent of the national standard.
FIG. 9-FIG. 11 are heavy metal detection reports of compost made by the present invention
1. Detection unit
Food detection center of cigarette stand university
2. Detection conclusion
Data display of detection report: the total arsenic (As), the total cadmium (Cd), the total lead (Pb), the total mercury (Hg), the total chromium (Cr), the total copper (Cu) and the total zinc (Zn) are greatly superior to the national technical standard.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of the biological fermentation process of the present invention
Detailed Description
An agricultural plant enzyme fermentation process for preparing compost on the spot in a field by utilizing agricultural organic wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) natural plant raw materials, sugar, agricultural plant enzyme strains for Fondalia compost and water are naturally fermented for 1 month according to the proportion of (1.5-4.5) to (0.5-1.5) to (0.5-1) to (9-10);
(2) according to the fermentation condition of the plant enzyme fermentation liquor of the first fermentation, the method comprises the following steps: composting type agricultural plant enzyme primary fermentation liquor, sugar and agricultural plant enzyme strains for composting in the Foucaila (9-10) to (0.5-1.5) to (0.5-1) in proportion, and performing natural fermentation for 8 months;
(3) according to the fermentation condition of the plant ferment fermentation liquor of the secondary fermentation, the method comprises the following steps: composting type agricultural plant enzyme secondary fermentation liquor, sugar and Foucault composting agricultural plant enzyme strains, and performing natural fermentation for 8 months in a ratio of (9-10) to (0.5-1);
(4) according to the fermentation condition of the plant ferment fermentation liquor obtained by the third fermentation, the fermentation conditions are as follows: composting type agricultural plant enzyme three-time fermentation liquor, sugar and Fonday land composting agricultural plant enzyme strains, and performing natural fermentation for 8 months in a ratio of (9-10) to (0.5-0.8);
(5) according to the fermentation conditions of the plant enzyme fermentation liquor obtained by the four times of fermentation, the following steps are carried out: composting type agricultural plant enzyme four-time fermentation liquor, sugar and agricultural plant enzyme strains for composting in the Foucaila (9-10) to (0.5-1) are subjected to natural fermentation for 6 months;
(6) according to the fermentation conditions of the plant enzyme fermentation liquor obtained by five times of fermentation, the following steps are carried out: the composting agricultural plant enzyme is prepared by naturally fermenting five times of fermentation liquor of composting agricultural plant enzyme, sugar, agricultural plant enzyme strains for composting in the Foucault and water in the proportion of (9-10) to (0.5-1) to (9-10) for 5 months.
Claims (6)
1. An agricultural plant enzyme for preparing compost in field by using agricultural organic wastes is characterized in that the agricultural plant enzyme is prepared by using natural plants as raw materials and researching and developing a plant enzyme fermentation technology, and is a product prepared by primary fermentation of microorganisms, addition of strains for multiple times and repeated regeneration and fermentation for three years.
(1) Natural plant raw materials, sugar, agricultural plant enzyme strains for Fondalia compost and water are naturally fermented for 1 month according to the proportion of (1.5-4.5) to (0.5-1.5) to (0.5-1) to (9-10);
(2) according to the fermentation condition of the plant enzyme fermentation liquor of the first fermentation, the method comprises the following steps: composting type agricultural plant enzyme primary fermentation liquor, sugar and agricultural plant enzyme strains for composting in the Foucaila, wherein the ratio of (9-10) to (0.5-1.5) to (0.5-1) is to carry out natural fermentation for 8 months;
(3) according to the fermentation condition of the plant ferment fermentation liquor of the secondary fermentation, the method comprises the following steps: composting type agricultural plant enzyme secondary fermentation liquor, sugar and agricultural plant enzyme strains for composting in the Foucault, wherein the ratio of (9-10) to (0.5-1) is to carry out natural fermentation for 8 months;
(4) according to the fermentation condition of the plant ferment fermentation liquor obtained by the third fermentation, the fermentation conditions are as follows: composting type agricultural plant enzyme three-time fermentation liquor, sugar and Fonday land composting agricultural plant enzyme strains, and performing natural fermentation for 8 months in a ratio of (9-10) to (0.5-0.8);
(5) according to the fermentation conditions of the plant enzyme fermentation liquor obtained by the four times of fermentation, the following steps are carried out: composting type agricultural plant enzyme four-time fermentation liquor, sugar and agricultural plant enzyme strains for composting in the Foucaila (9-10) to (0.5-1) are subjected to natural fermentation for 6 months;
(6) according to the fermentation conditions of the plant enzyme fermentation liquor obtained by five times of fermentation, the following steps are carried out: the composting agricultural plant enzyme is prepared by naturally fermenting five times of fermentation liquor of composting agricultural plant enzyme, sugar, agricultural plant enzyme strains for composting in the Foucault and water in the proportion of (9-10) to (0.5-1) to (9-10) for 5 months.
2. The agricultural plant enzyme for in-situ composting in the field by using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the natural plant raw materials are fresh vegetables and plant roots, stems and leaves, and comprise 20% of tomato fruits and roots, Chinese cabbage leaves and roots, radish leaves and roots, sweet potato fruits and leaves, and potato fruits and roots respectively.
3. The agricultural plant enzyme for in-situ composting in the field using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compost agricultural plant enzyme strain is prepared by carrying out biological purification, permutation and combination and natural fermentation cultivation for hundreds of times in seven years. The main components are as follows: the beneficial ferment microbial flora and the derivatives thereof, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, trichoderma harzianum and the produced microbial enzymes, which are composed of a yeast flora, a bacillus sporophore, a photosynthetic flora, a lactic acid flora, filamentous fungi, beauveria bassiana and the like, crack macromolecular organic matters and indissolvable inorganic matters, accelerate the fermentation and degradation of the organic matters, have good effect of inhibiting bacteria and killing insects and decompose heavy metals.
4. The agricultural plant enzyme for in-situ composting of agricultural organic wastes in the fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agricultural organic wastes such as weeds, fallen fruits, fallen leaves and straws generated in the agricultural planting process are in-situ prepared into the enzyme compost in the fields by the biodegradation of the plant enzyme, and the enzyme compost replaces or partially replaces various fertilizers and organic fertilizers, thereby realizing the utilization of the organic wastes and reducing the environmental pollution.
5. The agricultural plant enzyme for in-situ composting in fields by using agricultural organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the odor is decomposed and removed by biodegradation of the plant enzyme, thereby achieving the effect of degrading the odor.
6. The agricultural plant enzyme for in-situ composting in the field by utilizing the agricultural organic wastes as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the agricultural plant enzyme is produced in-situ in the field to form the enzyme compost to replace or partially replace various fertilizers and organic fertilizers, thereby reducing the use amount of fertilizers and pesticides.
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2021
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