Background
The industrial oily wastewater contains oil, surfactant, organic additives and other organic substances harmful to the environment, so the untreated wastewater cannot be discharged at will. The industrial oily wastewater is recycled after oil-water separation or discharged after reaching the standard after treatment, and is an environmental protection measure for treating industrial oily wastewater. The machining cutting fluid is used for cooling and lubricating during the machining processes of cutting, shaving, grinding and the like. The oil is various and complex in composition, and generally contains a base oil, an emulsifier, an antirust agent, and the like. The cutting fluid has the functions of cooling, lubricating, cleaning and rust prevention in the processing process of metals and alloys thereof, and the problems of mixed oil, particles, odor and the like often occur in the waste liquid of the cutting fluid after being used in the machining process.
In other common industrial oily wastewater such as mold release waste liquid, a large amount of mold release agent is sprayed onto a mold in die casting production, part of the mold release agent is evaporated at high temperature, part of the mold release agent is adsorbed on the mold for consumption, and most of the mold release agent directly flows into the lower part of the mold after disposable use to become oily waste liquid. The cleaning agent is mainly used for degreasing and cleaning various metal workpieces in the electroplating industry, cleaning mechanical equipment, stubborn heavy greasy dirt on the surfaces of machine tools, degreasing and cleaning in the automobile industry and the like, so that normal use of parts is ensured, environmental pollution and subsequent fouling of the parts are prevented, and oily wastewater generated after cleaning the workpieces has the characteristics of complex composition, large water quality fluctuation, poor discharge rule, difficult biodegradation and chronic toxic action on animals, plants and human bodies.
The cutting fluid, the release agent and the degreasing agent can be purified and recycled, so that the production and processing cost can be saved, the discharge amount of dangerous waste can be reduced, and the green clean production can be realized. The main purpose of the purification and recycling treatment is to remove mixed oil, particulate matters and breeding microorganisms, common oil-water separation methods comprise a physical separation method and a chemical separation method, the physical method is to remove the mixed oil in water by means of density difference between the oil and the water or adsorption and filtration, the main method comprises a heating separation method, a filtration separation method, an air flotation separation method, an ultrafiltration membrane separation method, a reverse osmosis separation method, a coalescence separation method, a centrifugal separation method and the like, and the chemical separation method is to realize demulsification by a demulsifier, so that the components of the liquid to be treated can be influenced by the addition of medicaments, the separation difficulty is increased, and the method is generally not adopted.
Several common oil-water separation methods
In the oil-water separation process, the separated oil is generally removed in an overflow mode, in order to avoid overflow of the treated waste liquid along with the oil, the liquid level of the oil-water separator is manually regulated and controlled through a U-shaped pipe, when the U-shaped pipe is regulated down, water in the oil-water separator is discharged from the U-shaped pipe at the bottom of the tank, the liquid level in the oil-water separator is lower, the floating oil on the upper layer cannot overflow to an oil discharge pipe, when the liquid level in the U-shaped pipe is regulated up, the liquid level in the oil-water separator is raised, the floating oil on the upper layer overflows to the oil discharge pipe to realize oil-water separation, after the oil-water separation is completed, the liquid level in the oil-water separator is manually regulated down, and the liquid in the oil-water separator is discharged from the lower part of the oil-water separator through the U-shaped pipe, so that one oil discharge operation is completed. (in practice, the principle of communicating vessels). At present, a steel belt oil remover is also provided, oil in an oil-water separator can be carried out through a steel belt, and then scraped through a scraper on the steel belt oil remover.
The industrial oily wastewater has the characteristics of high dispersion stability, complex chemical components, high pollutant concentration, high treatment difficulty and the like. The heating separation method adopts steam or a heating device to demulsify, has simple equipment and less investment, but has poor oil removal effect and high energy consumption, has simple method, stable oil removal effect and long time required by gravity or air floatation separation according to different oil-water density or buoyancy, increases the aggregation of oil components dispersed in water by coarse-grained materials until the buoyancy is greater than adhesion force to float up, has simple equipment, less investment, longer service cycle of the aggregation materials, but needs to select different aggregation fillers according to different oil-containing waste liquid, greatly reduces the adaptability of the method, has good oil-water separation effect by utilizing the principle of selective permeability of a hollow fiber membrane, but simultaneously removes part of effective components, has high cost, large investment and complex operation of the equipment, generally adopts lipophilic materials to adsorb the oil components in the solution, has good liquid quality, miniaturized equipment and simple operation, but has high equipment investment, and difficult regeneration of filter bags, and has the centrifugal separation method which uses centrifugal force generated by rapid rotation to enable the water with large density to flow to the outer side along an annular path, has small density to be thrown to the inner ring, and aggregate to form large oil components to be separated up, and the floating components can be difficult to be treated, and the daily maintenance components can be difficult.
Some common oil-water separation equipment in the market at present is added with filtering and sterilizing modules besides removing the impurity oil, and the number of treatment tanks is increased, so that the equipment is larger and larger, and the transportation and mobile treatment of the device are not facilitated. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a device for the treatment of a disease. When the impurity oil is removed, the mode of manually adjusting the liquid level of the U-shaped pipe is adopted, the equipment needs to be attended by staff during operation, so that the oil is conveniently removed from the oil-water separator in time, but the time and the labor are wasted, and the liquid level of the oil-water separator is manually judged and adjusted, so that the discharged oil carries more or less waste liquid. The steel belt oil removal machine is adopted, so that automatic oil removal can be realized, but the steel belt oil removal machine has poor oil removal effect and low treatment efficiency, and meanwhile, the discharged oil also carries excessive treatment waste liquid.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a demulsification type oil-water separation method with low treatment cost and high oil-water separation efficiency.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the demulsification type oil-water separation method comprises the following steps of:
(A1) Oily wastewater enters a demulsification tank from a liquid inlet pipe;
(A2) Demulsification of the wastewater in the demulsification tank is carried out to separate oil from water, and oil floating on the liquid surface passes through an overflow port to enter the oil-water separation tank;
(A3) Oil entering the oil-water separation tank is absorbed by the oil absorption unit, and water flows downwards beyond the oil absorption unit;
(A4) Pushing the oil suction unit into the collecting tank, squeezing the oil suction unit, and allowing oil to leave the oil suction unit and enter the collecting tank.
The invention also aims to provide a demulsification type oil-water separation system with high oil-water separation efficiency, low cost and long service life, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
The demulsification type oil-water separation system comprises a liquid inlet pipe, a demulsification tank and an oil-water separation tank, and further comprises:
the overflow port is arranged between the demulsification tank and the oil-water separation tank;
the oil absorption unit is arranged in the oil-water separation tank and is positioned at the lower side of the overflow port;
The oil absorption unit is arranged on the frame;
The first guide rail is arranged in the oil-water separation tank and extends to the collecting tank, and the frame is arranged on the first guide rail and moves along the guide rail;
A driving unit that drives the moving member;
A moving member, which moves, the moving member pressing the oil suction unit;
and the collecting tank is provided with an oil drain port and is isolated from the oil-water separation tank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The oil-water separation efficiency is high;
Firstly, oil-water separation is realized by using a demulsification technology, and then oil mixed with a small amount of water overflowed after demulsification is absorbed by an oil absorption unit, wherein the water flows down and gathers over the oil absorption unit;
optionally, a bubble generating device is arranged in the oil-water separation tank, and bubbles carry oil drops to float upwards, so that the oil-water separation effect is further improved;
Optionally, a packing layer is arranged at the lower part of the oil absorption unit in the oil-water separation tank, so that the floating oil drops are gathered into medium and large oil drops to float upwards, and the oil-water separation effect is further improved;
2. The cost is low and the service life is long;
the oil absorption unit is pushed into the collecting tank after oil absorption saturation, the absorption unit is extruded, separated oil is collected, the oil absorption unit such as sponge can be repeatedly used, the running cost is reduced, and the service life is prolonged;
3. the functions are multiple;
When the small flow enters, the liquid level in the demulsification tank slowly rises, and the oil floating on the upper layer of the liquid level slowly passes through the overflow port, so that excessive water is prevented from overflowing along with the oil to enter the oil-water separation tank, and the oil-water separation efficiency is ensured;
The overflow flow is adjusted by using the rotating plate;
The mode adjustment of oil squeezing and oil collecting is realized by utilizing the up-and-down adjustment of the top end position of the part of the communicating pipe outside the oil-water separation tank.
Detailed Description
Figures 1-2 and the following description depict alternative embodiments of the invention to teach those skilled in the art how to make and reproduce the invention. In order to teach the technical solution of the present invention, some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted. Those skilled in the art will appreciate variations or alternatives derived from these embodiments that fall within the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the invention. Thus, the invention is not limited to the following alternative embodiments, but only by the claims and their equivalents.
Example 1:
Fig. 1 schematically shows a schematic structure diagram of a demulsification type oil-water separation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the demulsification type oil-water separation method includes the following steps:
(A1) Oily wastewater enters a demulsification tank from a liquid inlet pipe;
(A2) Demulsification of the wastewater in the demulsification tank and oil-water separation are carried out, for example, demulsification is carried out by a heating mode, and oil floating on the liquid surface passes through an overflow port and enters the oil-water separation tank;
(A3) Oil entering the oil-water separation tank is absorbed by the oil absorption unit, and water flows downwards beyond the oil absorption unit;
(A4) Pushing the oil suction unit into the collecting tank, squeezing the oil suction unit, and allowing oil to leave the oil suction unit and enter the collecting tank.
In order to adjust the flow rate of the liquid passing through the overflow port, further, in step (A2), the amount of the liquid entering the oil-water separation tank is adjusted by adjusting the inclination angle of the rotating plate at the overflow port.
In order to overflow the upper layer oil in the demulsification tank into the oil-water separation tank, further, in the step (A1), the wastewater enters the demulsification tank through a first pipeline (larger flow);
in the step (A2), after demulsification, the first pipeline is closed, wastewater enters the demulsification tank through a second pipeline (smaller flow), the upper layer of oil liquid level rises and enters the oil-water separation tank through the overflow port, and the inner diameter of the second pipeline is smaller than that of the first pipeline.
In order to adjust the oil-water separation tank to the oil absorption mode, in the step (A3), the top height of the part, outside the oil-water separation tank, of the communicating pipe communicating the inside and the outside of the oil-water separation tank is increased, so that the top height is higher than the liquid level in the oil-water separation tank, and the rising liquid level in the oil-water separation tank is in contact with the oil absorption unit.
In order to adjust the oil-water separation tank to the drainage mode, in step (A4), the top height of the part of the communicating pipe which is communicated with the inside and the outside of the oil-water separation tank and is positioned outside the oil-water separation tank is reduced, so that the top height is lower than the liquid level in the oil-water separation tank, and the lower layer liquid in the oil-water separation tank is discharged.
FIG. 2 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a demulsification type oil-water separation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the demulsification type oil-water analysis system comprises
The liquid inlet pipe, the demulsification tank 21 and the oil-water separation tank 22 are prior art in the field, and the specific structure and the working mode are not repeated here;
an overflow port 41, wherein the overflow port 41 is arranged between the demulsification tank 21 and the oil-water separation tank 22;
An oil suction unit 36, such as an oil suction sponge, wherein the oil suction unit 36 is arranged in the oil-water separation tank 22 and is positioned at the lower side of the overflow port 41;
The oil absorption unit is arranged on the frame;
The first guide rail is arranged in the oil-water separation tank and extends to the collecting tank, and the frame is arranged on the first guide rail and moves along the guide rail;
A driving unit that drives the moving member;
The moving part moves to press the oil suction unit, so that the oil sucked by the oil suction unit is separated and discharged;
and the collecting tank is provided with an oil drain port and is isolated from the oil-water separation tank.
In order to push and squeeze the oil absorption unit, further, the demulsification type oil-water separation system further comprises:
the adapter plate is connected with the moving piece, and the oil absorption unit is pushed by the adapter plate moving along with the moving piece.
For regular movement, further, the demulsification type oil-water separation system further comprises:
And the adapter plate is arranged on the second guide rail and moves along the second guide rail.
In order to adjust the flow rate of the liquid passing through the overflow port, further, the demulsification type oil-water separation system further comprises:
A turning plate 35, said turning plate 35 being rotatably arranged at said overflow 41, the flow of liquid through the overflow 41 being adjusted by adjusting the angle of the turning plate 35 with respect to the horizontal plane.
In order to adjust the working mode of the oil-water separation tank, further, the demulsification type oil-water separation system further comprises:
And a communicating pipe 34, wherein one end of the communicating pipe 34 is communicated with the lower part of the oil-water separation tank 22, the other end is positioned outside the oil-water separation tank 22, and the top end position of the other end is adjustable up and down.
In order to prevent excessive protrusion of the oil absorbing unit perpendicular to the moving direction, further, the oil absorbing unit is sandwiched between the first portion and the second portion of the frame.
In order to promote the upward floating of a small amount of oil in the water at the lower side of the oil suction unit in the oil-water separation tank, further, the lower part of the oil suction unit is provided with a packing layer 32, so that small oil drops passing through the packing layer 32 are gathered into large oil drops, and the oil-water separation efficiency is improved.
In order to adjust the flow of the wastewater entering the demulsification tank, the liquid inlet pipe further comprises a first pipeline 11 with a larger inner diameter and a second pipeline 15 with a smaller inner diameter which are connected in parallel, when the liquid is fed into the demulsification tank 21, only the first pipeline 11 is opened (or the first pipeline and the second pipeline are opened together), after the demulsification tank 21 completes demulsification, the wastewater with a smaller flow is introduced into the demulsification tank 21 only through the second pipeline 15, the liquid level in the demulsification tank 21 slowly rises, so that the oil at the upper layer slowly enters the oil-water separation tank 22 through the overflow port 41, and excessive water is prevented from entering the oil-water separation tank 22 along with the oil.
In order to accelerate the oil-water separation efficiency in the liquid in the lower part of the oil-water separation tank, further, a bubble generating device 33 is provided in the bottom of the oil-water separation tank.
Example 2:
The demulsification type oil-water separation system and the demulsification type oil-water separation method can be applied to oil-water separation in cutting fluid, release agent and degreasing tank fluid treatment.
In the application example, as shown in fig. 2, the liquid inlet pipe comprises a first pipeline 11 with a larger inner diameter and a second pipeline 15 with a smaller inner diameter which are connected in parallel, valves 12 and 14 are respectively arranged on the first pipeline 11 and the second pipeline 15 to control the on-off of a flow path, and a pump 13 is arranged on the first pipeline 11;
the demulsification tank 21 is internally provided with a heater 31 arranged in the demulsification tank 21 and below the liquid level, an overflow port 41 is arranged at the upper part of a partition plate between the demulsification tank 21 and the oil-water separation tank 22, a rotatable rotating plate 35 is arranged at the overflow port 41, and the included angle between the rotating plate and the horizontal plane is variable, wherein the smaller the included angle is, the larger the flow passing through the overflow port 41 is;
The oil-water separation tank is characterized in that an oil suction unit 36 is arranged on the lower side of an overflow port 41 in the oil-water separation tank 22, an oil suction sponge is adopted in the application example, the oil suction sponge is clamped between a first part and a second part of a frame, oil and water can pass through the frame and the oil suction sponge, the frame is arranged on a first guide rail, the first guide rail extends from the oil-water separation tank to a collecting tank, an adapter plate is vertically arranged between the first part and the second part, two opposite ends of the adapter plate are arranged on a second guide rail, so that the adapter plate moves forward or backward along the second guide rail under the driving of a screw rod to squeeze or loosen the oil suction sponge, a motor drives the screw rod, the screw rod is connected with the adapter plate, so that the rotation of the motor is converted into the translation of the adapter plate, a packing layer 32 is arranged on the lower side of the second part, a pall ring is filled in the inside, a microbubble generating device 33 is arranged on the lower side of the packing layer, one end of a communicating pipe 34 is communicated with the lower part of the oil-water separation tank 22, and the other end of the adapter plate extends into a return tank 23 outside the oil-water separation tank 22.
The demulsification type oil-water separation method of the application example comprises the following steps:
(A1) The oily wastewater passes through a first pipeline of the liquid inlet pipe, enters the demulsification tank from the bottom at a high flow rate, and then the first pipeline is closed;
(A2) The oil-containing wastewater enters the demulsification tank with a small flow, the liquid level in the demulsification tank slowly rises, and oil and a small amount of water floating on the liquid level pass through an overflow port and enter the oil-water separation tank;
(A3) The oil entering the oil-water separation tank is absorbed by the oil absorption unit, a small amount of water flows downwards beyond the oil absorption unit, passes through the packing layer and then enters the bottom of the oil-water separation tank, and the liquid level is lower than the oil absorption sponge but higher than the packing layer;
The micro-bubbles generated by the micro-bubble generating device rise in the oil-water separation tank and carry a small amount of oil drops to rise, and after passing through the packing layer, the oil drops are gathered into large oil drops and float on the liquid surface;
(A4) The top end position of the part of the communicating pipe in the liquid return tank is improved, so that the top end position is higher than the liquid level in the oil-water separation tank, the liquid level in the oil-water separation tank gradually rises and finally contacts the oil absorption sponge, and the oil on the upper layer of the liquid level contacts the oil absorption sponge and is absorbed;
then, the top end position is regulated down to be lower than the oil absorption sponge, water at the bottom of the oil-water separation tank enters the liquid return tank through the communicating pipe, and the liquid level in the oil-water separation tank is lower than the oil absorption sponge;
Then, the frame is pushed to enter the collecting tank along the first guide rail, the motor works, the driving screw drives the adapter plate to positively push the oil absorption sponge between the first part and the second part to be extruded, oil breaks away from the oil absorption sponge and flows into the collecting tank, then, the motor is reversed, and the adapter plate reversely moves along the second guide rail, so that the oil absorption sponge is restored to the original state.
Example 3:
The application example of the demulsification type oil-water separation system and method according to the embodiment of the invention is different from the embodiment 2 in that:
The oil absorption device comprises an adapter plate, a first motor, a second motor, a first pulley, a second pulley, a first rope, a second rope, a first pulley, a second pulley, a first motor and a second motor, wherein the first pulley and the second pulley are arranged on one side of the adapter plate facing the oil absorption unit and on one side of the adapter plate facing away from the oil absorption unit respectively;
The working modes of the motor and the rope are as follows:
The second motor rotates positively, the length of the second rope between the second motor and the fixed point is shortened, and the second rope drags the adapter plate to move positively along the second guide rail to squeeze the oil absorption unit;
The first motor rotates in the forward direction, the length of the first rope between the first motor and the fixed point is shortened, the first rope drags the adapter plate to move in the reverse direction along the second guide rail, the absorption unit is restored to the original state, at the moment, the second motor rotates in the reverse direction, and the second rope between the second motor and the fixed point is lengthened.