CN113115701B - A non-arable land facility vegetable cultivation system and its applicable integrated device and application - Google Patents
A non-arable land facility vegetable cultivation system and its applicable integrated device and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN113115701B CN113115701B CN202110328778.5A CN202110328778A CN113115701B CN 113115701 B CN113115701 B CN 113115701B CN 202110328778 A CN202110328778 A CN 202110328778A CN 113115701 B CN113115701 B CN 113115701B
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VCNKSHUZQZHBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium phosphoric acid sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OP(O)(O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VCNKSHUZQZHBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, and an integrated device and application applicable to the same. According to the soil, water quality and climate characteristics of the non-cultivated land of Xinjiang, a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system is constructed, and the system comprises a cultivation system and an integrated device suitable for the system. The organic nutrient substrate utilizes the composite bacteria fermentation liquor to decompose Lin Guozhi, improves the organic matter decomposition rate of the forest fruit branches, ensures nutrient soil nutrient, and is used as nutrient soil for cultivating greenhouse vegetables in the seedling raising period, and the integrated device is used for desalting brackish groundwater and regulating the pH value to obtain irrigation water suitable for the greenhouse vegetables based on solar energy resources in the non-cultivated area of Xinjiang, so that the organic combination of the brackish groundwater and the irrigation water is applied to the cultivation of the greenhouse vegetables in the non-cultivated area of Xinjiang, the vegetable yield is increased, the vegetable quality is improved, the agricultural wastes are fully utilized, the vegetable production cost is reduced, and the data support is provided for the development of the greenhouse vegetables in the non-cultivated area of Xinjiang.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, and an integrated device and application applicable to the same.
Background
The non-cultivated land refers to the soil which cannot be cultivated, such as desert, saline-alkali soil, dry sand soil, sea slope, and the like. Along with the continuous development of science and technology, sand culture has been an important type of soilless culture, meanwhile, the desert barren land of China occupies one seventh of land area, and the largest desert Takara Lema dry desert of China exists in the southern Xinjiang area, so that sand resources are quite rich, the sand culture matrix is easy to obtain, the cost is low, and the soilless culture technology is quite easy to popularize, and the popularization of the non-cultivated land soilless culture technology makes the generation of the originally useless land have great value quite significant.
The developing land of the Xinjiang facility agriculture mainly concentrates on the old farmland and the prepared land with rich soil in the agricultural area, and the contradiction between the developing land and the land competing with the large agriculture is increasingly prominent. How to develop and utilize vast Gobi lands and desert lands is an important measure for breaking the shortage of cultivated land resources in Xinjiang areas and low overall industrial benefit. It is counted that 13.7 hundred million mu (about 0.91 hundred million hm 2) of the land which is difficult to develop and utilize in the short term, such as Gobi, saline-alkali and desert land in Xinjiang, account for 54.91% of the land area in Xinjiang, 10.51 hundred million mu (about 0.70 hundred million hm 2) of the land used for agriculture, forestry and pasture account for 42.13% of the land area in Xinjiang, and are the provincial area with the lowest land utilization rate in China.
China has abundant underground brackish water resources, and according to incomplete statistics, the area of underground brackish water in the north of China is about 138 ten thousand square kilometers. The shallow underground salt water resource of the whole North China plain reaches 75 hundred million cubic meters, the underground salt water resource of partial areas with mineralization degree of 2.0-5.0g/L in Xinjiang, gansu, ningxia, shaanxi, qinghai and inner Mongolia in northwest China reaches 88.6 hundred million cubic meters, so that development and utilization of brackish water resource to increase irrigation water source have become an important measure for solving the water resource crisis in northwest China, and development and reuse of brackish water have become an important way for compensating for the shortage of fresh water resource in northwest China. For the greenhouse vegetable planting in the Xinjiang saline-alkali soil, due to special environmental factors, outdoor Gobi wind power is high, air temperature is dry, and the temperature difference between the morning and evening is large, the greenhouse space with a simple structure is built by using a common greenhouse vegetable planting mode, the greenhouse vegetable planting method cannot be better adapted to the growing environment of the greenhouse vegetable, how to efficiently utilize the Xinjiang underground brackish groundwater resource to cultivate vegetables in the Xinjiang Gobi, desert and other non-cultivated lands is explored, and the method becomes one of effective ways for solving the problem that the Xinjiang cultivated land is small in non-cultivated land area and deficient in fresh water resource at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical situations of how to efficiently utilize the underground brackish underground water resource of Xinjiang by combining the characteristic of the non-cultivated land of Xinjiang, how to establish a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, and how to realize low composting decomposition rate of agricultural wastes such as forest and fruit branches, insufficient nutrient application and the like. The present invention is directed to a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system and integrated devices and applications suitable for use therewith. According to the soil, water quality and climate characteristics of the Xinjiang non-cultivated land, a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system is constructed, and the system comprises facility vegetable cultivation seedling stage nutrient soil, transplanting stage nutrient solution and a system integration device. The system integrated device utilizes abundant solar energy resources in the non-cultivated land to desalt brackish ground water resources and regulate the pH value to obtain irrigation water suitable for facility vegetables, and the two are organically combined and applied to the facility vegetable planting in the non-cultivated land of Xinjiang, thereby not only increasing the vegetable yield, improving the vegetable quality, reducing the transportation cost, fully utilizing agricultural wastes and further reducing the vegetable production cost, and providing data support for the development of the facility vegetables in the non-cultivated land of Xinjiang.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention specifically provides a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) An integrated device suitable for installing a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system is designed.
(2) Preparing an organic nutrient matrix for cultivating non-cultivated land facility vegetables, mixing the organic nutrient matrix with non-cultivated land sandy soil according to the mass ratio of (1.3-1.5) (0.5-0.7), adding 0.2-0.6g/kg of compound fertilizer and 0.1-0.4g/kg of diammonium phosphate fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the nutrient soil for later use.
(3) Fresh vegetable seeds which are grown in the same year and are fully mature are selected, the seeds are full in particles, bright in color and free from mechanical injury and insect damage, and are stored and transported in a low-temperature and dry environment at a temperature of-6 ℃ to 4 ℃ and the relative humidity is less than 60%.
(4) The pre-selected fresh vegetable seeds are poured into hot water at 60 ℃ for soaking for 1-2 minutes before being fed into a pre-sprouting container, then the seeds are washed for 1-2 times by cold water, 1 kg of water is needed for each 1 kg of seeds, the optimal water temperature for seed soaking is 20-23 ℃, the seeds can be soaked by warm water in winter, the seeds can be directly soaked by cold water in summer for 8-12 hours, and the soaked seeds are uniformly spread in a seedling tray after being sterilized by an adopted seedling raising mechanism.
(5) The breeding box is moved into a greenhouse for greenhouse vegetables, working parameters of the breeding box are set through a regulating and controlling system, equipment is started, the minimum temperature of seed germination is 5-15 ℃, the optimum temperature is 20-23 ℃, and the maximum temperature is not more than 25 ℃.
(6) And (3) when vegetable seedlings grow to 5-8cm in height, transferring and inserting the vegetable seedlings into a cultivation container of the integrated device in the step (1) for carrying out nutrient solution water planting, starting equipment, and setting working parameters of facility vegetable planting by a regulation and control system.
According to the invention, the temperature in the bud raising process is controlled and regulated by the Internet of things management device in the integrated device in the step (1), the Internet of things management device comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, humidifying equipment, a cooling device and a visual monitoring device which are arranged in a glass inner frame, the temperature sensor is connected with the cooling device, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on a water pipe of the humidifying equipment, the electromagnetic valve, the cooling device and the visual monitoring device are connected with a field industrial personal computer, and the field industrial personal computer is connected with a server through a wireless network transmission device.
In the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system provided by the invention, the organic nutrient medium is prepared by adding cottonseed hulls, crushed wood and fruit branches and water in a mass ratio of 2 per mill to a mass ratio of 1:2:1, uniformly stirring and composting for fermentation, performing primary composting at a central temperature of 60 ℃, adding wood and fruit branches and a decomposition microbial inoculum according to an inoculum size of 1 per mill to perform secondary fermentation, performing secondary composting at a central temperature of 60 ℃ for 40 days, and supplementing water according to the water content of the materials in the composting period during the composting period, wherein the water content is maintained at 40-65%.
The invention provides a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, which comprises a composite bacterial liquid, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran and glycerin accounting for 1-3 per mill of the total mass of the composite bacterial liquid, wherein the composite bacterial liquid comprises fermentation liquid of bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), candida utilis (Candida), trichoderma reesei and saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in a volume ratio of 1:2:3:1.
In the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system provided by the invention, the nutrient solution in the step (6) comprises 380mg/L of potassium nitrate, 400mg/L of monoammonium phosphate, 100mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.04mg/L of zinc sulfate.
Meanwhile, the integrated device suitable for the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system comprises an external supporting mechanism and a water planting mechanism, wherein the water planting mechanism is arranged in the external supporting mechanism, the external supporting mechanism comprises a triangular solar panel support and triangular solar panels arranged on the left side and the right side, a door is arranged on the triangular solar panel, a handle is arranged on the door, the upper end of the triangular solar panel support is movably connected with the triangular solar panel, the lower end of the triangular solar panel support is fixedly connected with the triangular solar panel, electric telescopic rods are respectively arranged at the two ends of the triangular solar panel support, which are movably connected with the triangular solar panel support, a communicating body is arranged between the two adjacent triangular solar panel supports, a glass inner frame body is arranged in the triangular solar panel support, the glass inner frame body is rectangular, the water planting mechanism, a storage battery and an Internet of things management device are arranged in the glass inner frame body, humidifying equipment is arranged on the glass inner frame body, a water pipe is arranged on the humidifying equipment, and a plurality of humidifying spray heads are arranged on the water pipe.
In the integrated device suitable for the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, two sides of the upper end of a glass inner frame body are fixedly connected with triangular solar panel supports, the left end and the right end of the glass inner frame body are fixedly connected with triangular solar panels, a door opening is formed in a communicating body corresponding to the glass inner frame body, a water planting mechanism comprises a multi-medium filter, a reverse osmosis device, a water storage tank, a nutrient solution container and a liquid storage tank, one end of the multi-medium filter is connected with an underground well through a water pipe, a nutrient solution port is formed in the water storage tank, a cultivation container is arranged on the liquid storage tank, the water storage tank and the nutrient solution container are made of transparent materials and provided with scale marks, the multi-medium filter is fixedly connected with the reverse osmosis device through a water pipe, the reverse osmosis device is fixedly connected with the water storage tank through a water pipe, the water storage tank is fixedly connected with the nutrient solution container through a water pipe, valves are arranged between the water pipes communicated between the reverse osmosis device and the water storage tank and the nutrient solution container, and a three-way joint is arranged between the water pipes communicated between the reverse osmosis device and a humidifying device.
In the integrated device suitable for the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, an electric telescopic rod, a triangular solar panel bracket, a communicating body, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an on-site industrial personal computer, humidifying equipment, a multi-medium filter and a reverse osmosis device are electrically connected with a storage battery.
In the integrated device suitable for the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, the management device of the Internet of things comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, humidifying equipment, a cooling device and a visual monitoring device which are arranged in a glass inner frame, wherein the temperature sensor is connected with the cooling device, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on a water pipe of the humidifying equipment, the electromagnetic valve, the cooling device and the visual monitoring device are connected with an on-site industrial personal computer, and the on-site industrial personal computer is connected with a server through a wireless network transmission device.
In the integrated device suitable for the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, the top end of a cultivation container is larger than a liquid storage tank, the cultivation container is rectangular, a plurality of round holes II are formed in the cultivation container, a plurality of expansion rings with different sizes are arranged on the round holes II, the round holes II are arranged in a matched mode with the expansion rings, buckles are arranged on the expansion rings, a plurality of round holes I are formed in the outer ring, close to the edge, of the cultivation container, the outer diameter of the round holes I is larger than that of a main rod lock catch, a threaded column hole is formed in the middle of the cultivation container, an inclined surface is arranged at the lower end of the cultivation container, the lower end of the cultivation container is smaller than the inner size of the liquid storage tank, vertical rectangular grooves are formed in the four middles of the lower end, located inside the liquid storage tank, of the cultivation container, and a fixing plate is arranged at the bottom end of the cultivation container and is movably connected with the cultivation container.
In the integrated device suitable for the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, a plurality of holes are formed in the fixing plate, bosses which are arranged correspondingly to the grooves are formed in the periphery of the fixing plate, threaded columns are arranged in the middle of the fixing plate, the threaded columns are arranged correspondingly to the threaded column holes, and the threaded columns are in threaded connection with the threaded rings.
In the integrated device suitable for the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, the periphery of the liquid storage tank is fixedly connected with a plurality of main rods at two corresponding positions of the round holes, and the main rods are provided with main rod locks.
Furthermore, the invention also provides an application of the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system and the applicable integrated device thereof in the planting of the non-cultivated land vegetables in Xinjiang.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows:
(1) The mixed fermentation liquor provided by the invention is applied to the decomposition of the forest fruit branches, improves the organic matter decomposition rate of the forest fruit branches, ensures nutrient soil and nutrient, and has important significance for the utilization of agricultural wastes and the reduction of the cultivation cost of non-cultivated land facility vegetables.
(2) The integrated device is provided with an external supporting structure, saves energy, can resist the wind power of the severe environment of the saline-alkali soil, has stability, ensures that a facility vegetable planting area has heat insulation performance, is convenient to manage a hydroponic mechanism arranged in the communicated external supporting mechanism, ensures sufficient illumination, ensures that facility vegetables can better adapt to the environment with large temperature difference of the saline-alkali soil, is provided with a main rod and a main rod lock catch on a liquid storage tank of the integrated device, ensures that the main rod has a telescopic function, enables the facility vegetables with vine roots to grow upwards and also facilitates picking, is provided with a multi-medium filter and a reverse osmosis device, can reduce the effect of saline and alkali, can improve the dry environment of the saline-alkali soil by arranging a humidifying device, is convenient to adjust the expansion ring on a cultivation container to change the size of a round hole II so as to achieve the purpose of planting facility vegetables with different root hairs, is convenient to adjust the screw thread columns on the fixing plate at the bottom end of the cultivation container to move up and down, and is fixed by the screw ring to change the height of the fixing plate in the inside the cultivation container so as to achieve the purpose of fixing root hairs, the facility vegetables with different in the saline-alkali soil, and saline-alkali soil, can directly affect the soil, and saline-alkali soil, and the saline-alkali soil can grow in the soil, and soil can be directly affected by the saline-alkali soil, and the saline soil can grow in the soil, and the soil.
(3) The integrated device for the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system provided by the invention utilizes abundant solar energy resources in the non-cultivated land to desalt the brackish ground water resources and adjust the pH value to obtain irrigation water suitable for facility vegetables, and combines the nutrient soil in the seedling stage of facility vegetable cultivation and the nutrient solution in the transplanting stage to be applied to the facility vegetable cultivation in the non-cultivated land of Xinjiang, thereby not only increasing the vegetable yield, improving the vegetable quality, but also reducing the transportation cost, fully utilizing agricultural wastes and further reducing the vegetable production cost, and providing data support for the development of the facility vegetables in the non-cultivated land of Xinjiang.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall perspective view of an outer frame according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the overall three-dimensional structure of the outer frame according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a partial perspective view of the outer housing of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of the internal connection of the inner glass frame of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a partial perspective structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a partial perspective view of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of a partial top cross-sectional structure of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the expansion ring in the present invention.
The device comprises a 1-triangle solar panel bracket, a 2-triangle solar panel, a 3-electric telescopic rod, a 4-door, a 5-communicating body, a 6-glass inner frame, a 7-storage battery, 8-humidifying equipment, 9-humidifying spray heads, a 10-multimedia filter, an 11-reverse osmosis device, a 12-water pipe, a 13-nutrient solution container, a 14-liquid storage tank, a 15-cultivation container, a 16-valve, a 17-main rod, a 18-main rod lock catch, a 19-expansion ring, a 20-buckle, a 21-hole, a 22-groove, a 23-boss, a 24-threaded column, a 25-threaded ring, a 26-round hole I, a 27-round hole II, a 28-three-way connector, a 29-fixed plate, a 30-storage tank, a 31-nutrient solution port, a 32-electromagnetic valve, a 33-temperature sensor, a 34-humidity sensor, a 35-cooling device, a 36-field industrial personal computer, a 37-wireless network transmission device, a 38-server and a 39-visual monitoring device.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the invention, but the invention is not limited to the following examples.
The equipment components and the like adopted by the invention can be purchased through public channels, and the equipment and instruments adopted in the process are common equipment in the field.
All materials selected in the present invention, methods of culturing selected strains, reagents and apparatus are well known in the art and are not limiting examples of the present invention, and other reagents and apparatus well known in the art may be suitable for use in the practice of the following embodiments of the present invention.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 8, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intervening medium, or in communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1 non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System
The present embodiment provides a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system comprising the steps of:
(1) An integrated device suitable for installing a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system is designed.
(2) Preparing an organic nutrient matrix for cultivating non-cultivated land facility vegetables, mixing the organic nutrient matrix with non-cultivated land sandy soil according to the mass ratio of (1.3-1.5) (0.5-0.7), adding 0.2-0.6g/kg of compound fertilizer and 0.1-0.4g/kg of diammonium phosphate fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the nutrient soil for later use.
(3) Fresh vegetable seeds which are grown in the same year and are fully mature are selected, the seeds are full in particles, bright in color and free from mechanical injury and insect damage, and are stored and transported in a low-temperature and dry environment at a temperature of-6 ℃ to 4 ℃ and the relative humidity is less than 60%.
(4) The pre-selected fresh vegetable seeds are poured into hot water at 60 ℃ for soaking for 1-2 minutes before being fed into a pre-sprouting container, then the seeds are washed for 1-2 times by cold water, 1 kg of water is needed for each 1 kg of seeds, the optimal water temperature for seed soaking is 20-23 ℃, the seeds can be soaked by warm water in winter, the seeds can be directly soaked by cold water in summer for 8-12 hours, and the soaked seeds are uniformly spread in a seedling tray after being sterilized by an adopted seedling raising mechanism.
(5) And (3) moving the breeding box into a greenhouse for greenhouse vegetables, setting working parameters of the breeding box through a regulation and control system, starting equipment, wherein the minimum temperature of seed germination is 5-15 ℃, the optimum temperature is 20-23 ℃, the maximum temperature is not more than 25 ℃, and the temperature is controlled and regulated by adopting an Internet of things management device in the integrated device in the step (1) preferentially in the germination process.
(6) And (3) when vegetable seedlings grow to 5-8cm in height, transferring and inserting the vegetable seedlings into a cultivation container of the integrated device in the step (1) for carrying out nutrient solution water planting, starting equipment, and setting working parameters of facility vegetable planting by a regulation and control system.
The organic nutrient medium is prepared by adding 1-3% of rotten microbial inoculum into 1:2:1 of cottonseed hull, 1:2:1 of ground wood branch and water, stirring and composting for fermentation, performing primary turning at a central temperature of 60 ℃, adding 1%o of seed amount of wood branch rotten microbial inoculum, mixing uniformly, performing secondary fermentation at a central temperature of 60 ℃, performing secondary turning at a central temperature of 60 ℃, fermenting for about 40 days, supplementing water according to the water content of the materials in the composting period, wherein the water content is maintained at 40-65%, the rotten microbial inoculum is composed of composite bacterial liquid, cottonseed hull and bran with a mass ratio of 1:2:1, and glycerol with a mass ratio of 1-3%o of the total weight of the rotten microbial inoculum, and the composite bacterial liquid is composed of bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) with a volume ratio of 1:2:3:1, candida utilis, trichoderma reesei (trichoderma reesei) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and magnesium sulfate phosphate (magnesium sulfate/400 mg/L.
Example 2 Integrated device for use with a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System
Referring to the accompanying drawings 1-8 of the specification, the invention provides an integrated device applicable to a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system, which comprises an external supporting mechanism and a water planting mechanism, wherein the external supporting mechanism is internally provided with the water planting mechanism, and is characterized in that the external supporting mechanism comprises a triangular solar panel bracket 1 and triangular solar panels 2 arranged on the left side and the right side, a door 4 is arranged on the triangular solar panel 2, a handle is arranged on the door 4, the upper end of the triangular solar panel bracket 1 is movably connected with the triangular solar panel 2, the lower end of the triangular solar panel bracket 1 is fixedly connected with the triangular solar panel 2, electric telescopic rods 3 are arranged at the two ends of the triangular solar panel bracket 1, which are movably connected with the triangular solar panel 2, and the electric telescopic rods 3 are fixedly connected with the triangular solar panel bracket 1; a communicating body 5 is arranged between two adjacent triangular solar panel supports 1, a glass inner frame body 6 is arranged in the triangular solar panel supports 1, the glass inner frame body 6 is rectangular, a hydroponic mechanism, a storage battery 7 and an Internet of things management device are arranged in the glass inner frame body 6, a humidifying device 8 is arranged on the glass inner frame body 6, a water pipe 12 is arranged on the humidifying device 8, a plurality of humidifying nozzles 9 are arranged on the water pipe 12, wherein the Internet of things management device comprises a temperature sensor 33, a humidity sensor 34, the humidifying device 8, a cooling device 35 and a visual monitoring device 39 which are arranged in the glass inner frame body 6, the temperature sensor 33 is connected with the cooling device 35, an electromagnetic valve 32 is arranged on the water pipe 12 of the humidifying device 8, the electromagnetic valve 32, the cooling device 35 and the visual monitoring device 39 are connected with a field industrial personal computer 36, the site industrial personal computer 36 is connected with a server 38 through a wireless network transmission device 37.
In the invention, two sides of the upper end of a glass inner frame body 6 are fixedly connected with a triangular solar panel bracket 1, the left end and the right end of the glass inner frame body 6 are fixedly connected with a triangular solar panel 2, a corresponding communicating body 5 of the glass inner frame body 6 is provided with a door opening, a water culture mechanism comprises a multi-medium filter 10, a reverse osmosis device 11, a water storage tank 30, a nutrient solution container 13 and a liquid storage tank 14, one end water pipe 12 of the multi-medium filter 10 is connected with an underground well, a nutrient solution port 31 is arranged on the water storage tank 30, a cultivation container 15 is arranged on the liquid storage tank 14, the water storage tank 30 and the nutrient solution container 13 are made of transparent materials and provided with scale marks, the water pipe 12 is fixedly connected between the multi-medium filter 10 and the reverse osmosis device 11, the water pipe 12 is fixedly connected between the reverse osmosis device 11 and the water storage tank 30, the nutrient solution container 13 is fixedly connected with the water pipe 12, the water pipe 12 is fixedly connected between the reverse osmosis device 11 and the water storage tank 30, the water storage tank 30 and the nutrient solution container 13 are respectively provided with a valve 16, the water pipe 12 communicated between the nutrient solution container 13 and the liquid storage tank 14 is provided with a three-way water pipe 28, and a three-way joint 28 is arranged between the reverse osmosis device 11 and the water storage tank 11 and the humidifying device 8.
In the invention, an electric telescopic rod 3, a triangular solar panel bracket 1, a communicating body 5, a temperature sensor 33, a humidity sensor 34, a field industrial personal computer 36, a humidifying device 8, a multi-medium filter 10 and a reverse osmosis device 11 are all electrically connected with a storage battery.
According to the invention, the management device of the Internet of things comprises a temperature sensor 33, a humidity sensor 34, a humidifying device 8, a cooling device 35 and a visual monitoring device 39 which are arranged in a glass inner frame body 6, wherein the temperature sensor 33 is connected with the cooling device 35, an electromagnetic valve 32 is arranged on a water pipe 12 of the humidifying device 8, the electromagnetic valve 32, the cooling device 35 and the visual monitoring device 39 are connected with a field industrial personal computer 36, and the field industrial personal computer 36 is connected with a server 38 through a wireless network transmission device 37.
The cultivation container 15 is rectangular, a plurality of round holes II 27 are formed in the cultivation container 15, a plurality of expansion rings 19 with different sizes are formed in the round holes II 27, the round holes II 27 are arranged in a mode of being matched with the expansion rings 19, buckles 20 are arranged on the expansion rings 19, a plurality of round holes I26 are formed in the outer circle, close to the edge, of the cultivation container 15, the outer diameter of the round holes I26 is larger than that of the main rod lock catch 18, a threaded column hole is formed in the middle of the cultivation container 15, an inclined plane is formed in the lower end, in contact with the liquid storage container 14, of the cultivation container 15, the lower end of the cultivation container 15 is smaller than the inner size of the liquid storage container 14, vertical rectangular grooves 22 are formed in the middle of four faces, located inside the liquid storage container 14, of the cultivation container 15, of the bottom end of the cultivation container 15 is provided with a fixing plate 29, and the fixing plate 29 is movably connected with the cultivation container 15.
In the invention, a plurality of holes 21 are arranged on a fixed plate 29, bosses 23 which are arranged correspondingly to grooves 22 are arranged around the fixed plate 29, a threaded column 24 is arranged in the middle of the fixed plate 29, the threaded column 24 is arranged correspondingly to the threaded column holes, and the threaded column 24 is in threaded connection with a threaded ring 25.
In the invention, the periphery of the liquid storage tank 14 is fixedly connected with a plurality of main rods 17 at the positions corresponding to the round holes II 27, the main rod 17 is provided with the main rod lock catches 18, the telescopic function of the main rod 17 is realized by adjusting the main rod lock catches 18 of the main rod 17, the facility vegetables with vine roots can grow upwards, and when picking is needed, the main rod 17 can be adjusted to descend, so that picking is convenient.
Example 3 Integrated device for use with a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System
Referring to the accompanying drawings 1-8 of the specification, when the integrated device applicable to the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system provided by the invention is applied, firstly, a blank space is found, the ground is leveled into cement ground, the triangular solar panel support 1, the triangular solar panel 2 and the glass inner frame 6 are fixed on the ground, then the triangular solar panel support 1, the triangular solar panel 2 and the communicating body 5 are fixedly connected with the glass inner frame 6, the communicating body 5 facilitates the facility vegetable planting personnel to enter the other area from one area, tools, equipment and the like used for planting or harvesting can be placed in the blank space on the two sides of the triangular solar panel support 1 and the glass inner frame 6, then, the equipment used in the facility vegetable is put, the triangular solar panel support 1, the triangular solar panel 2 and the storage battery 7 in the glass inner frame 6 are electrically connected, the accumulator 7 is electrically connected with a temperature sensor 33, a humidity sensor 34, an on-site industrial personal computer 36, a humidifying device 8, a multi-medium filter 10 and a reverse osmosis device 11, the temperature sensor 33 is connected with a cooling device 35, an electromagnetic valve 32, the cooling device 35 and a visual monitoring device 39 which are arranged on a water pipe 12 of the humidifying device 8 are connected with the on-site industrial personal computer 36, the on-site industrial personal computer 36 is connected with a server 38 through a wireless network transmission device 37, the water pipe 12 of the multi-medium filter 10 is connected with an underground well, the multi-medium filter 10 is fixedly connected with the reverse osmosis device 11 through the water pipe 12, the reverse osmosis device 11 is fixedly connected with a water storage tank 30 through the water pipe 12, the water storage tank 30 is fixedly connected with a nutrient solution container 13 through the water pipe 12, the nutrient solution container 13 is fixedly connected with a liquid storage tank 14 through the water pipe 12, the reverse osmosis device 11 is fixedly connected with the water pipe 12 of the humidifying equipment 8 through the three-way connector 28 on the water pipe 12, the blocking and opening of water can be controlled through the valve 16 on the water pipe 12, moisture required by the growth of the greenhouse vegetables can be conveniently provided for the liquid storage tank 14, meanwhile, the temperature sensor 33 and the humidity sensor 34 are adopted for real-time monitoring in the glass inner frame 6, monitoring information is sent to the server 38 in real time through the field industrial personal computer 36, the temperature and humidity monitoring in the glass inner frame 6 is conveniently carried out according to the requirement, the water pipe 12 of the humidifying equipment 8 is controlled through the electromagnetic valve 32 to automatically supply water and humidify, a proper growing environment is provided for the greenhouse vegetables, meanwhile, the temperature-reducing device 35 is controlled through the temperature information sent through the temperature sensor 33, a relatively large day-night temperature difference is guaranteed, the overgrowth of crops is avoided, the centralized management in the glass inner frame 6 of the greenhouse vegetables is facilitated, the yield of the greenhouse vegetables is improved, and the economic benefits of the greenhouse vegetables are greatly improved.
Example 4 application of an Integrated device for use in a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System
When growing greenhouse vegetable seedlings, uniformly spreading soaked seeds on seedling raising trays, arranging nutrient soil provided by the invention in the seedling raising trays, moving the seedling raising boxes into a greenhouse of the greenhouse vegetable, setting working parameters of the breeding boxes by a regulating and controlling system, starting equipment, enabling the lowest temperature of seed germination to be 5-15 ℃, optimally enabling the temperature to be 20-23 ℃, enabling the highest temperature not to exceed 25 ℃, adjusting the temperature and humidity in the process of growing the seedlings by an Internet of things management device, inserting the vegetable seedlings into round holes II 27 of a cultivation container 15 when the vegetable seedlings grow to be 5-8cm in height, setting working parameters of the greenhouse vegetable planting by the regulating and controlling system, providing water required by the growth of the greenhouse vegetable by the automatic control system through a liquid storage box 14, and automatically humidifying the cultivated vegetable seedlings in real time by a humidifying equipment 8 according to vegetable planting requirements. According to different kinds of facility vegetables, the root hair size and length of the facility vegetables are different, the size of the round hole II 27 can be changed by adjusting the expansion ring 19, the fixing plate 29 at the bottom end of the cultivation container 15 can be moved up and down by adjusting the height of the threaded column 24 extending out of the hole of the threaded column 24, the height of the fixing plate 29 in the cultivation container 15 is changed by fixing the threaded column 24 by the threaded ring 25, then the cultivation container 15 is placed in the liquid storage tank 14, the valve 16 entering the water storage tank 30 is opened, a relatively proper amount of nutrient solution provided by the invention is added through the nutrient solution port 31 according to the water level of the water storage tank 30, the stirring tool is used for stirring uniformly, then the valve 16 entering the nutrient solution container 13 is opened, at the moment, the proportioned nutrient solution enters the nutrient solution container 13, the nutrient solution container 13 is made of transparent material and provided with graduation lines, the water level in the nutrient solution container 13 can be conveniently observed, then the valve 16 on the water pipe 12 of the liquid storage tank 14 is opened to enable the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution container 13 to flow into the liquid storage tank 14 through the water pipe 12, when the nutrient solution in the liquid storage tank 14 is blocked, the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution container 13 cannot flow into the liquid storage tank 14 because the pressure in the liquid storage tank 14 is the same as the pressure in the nutrient solution container 13, when the nutrient solution in the liquid storage tank 14 is absorbed and consumed by the facility vegetables in the cultivation tank, the nutrient solution in the liquid storage tank 14 can drop in height, the liquid inlet is exposed, and the pressure difference is generated between the nutrient solution container 13 and the liquid storage tank 14, so that the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution container 13 flows into the liquid storage tank 14, the facility vegetables of the cultivation container 15 can continuously absorb the nutrient solution all the time, through the scale marks arranged on the nutrient solution container 13, make the planting personnel can observe the nutrient solution surplus in the nutrient solution container 13 at any time, when not enough, the timely nutrient solution of adding for the nutrient solution keeps sufficient for a long time in the nutrient solution container 13, this device simple structure, and can conveniently observe the growth condition of facility vegetable root must, and utilizes multi-media filter, reverse osmosis to reach the effect of reducing salt and alkali.
Example 5 non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System
The embodiment provides a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system based on the embodiment 1, wherein the nutrient soil is organic nutrient matrix and the mass ratio of the non-cultivated land sand soil is 1.3:0.5, the compound fertilizer is 0.4g/kg, the diammonium phosphate fertilizer is 0.3g/kg, the seed soaking time is 10 hours, and the addition amount of the decomposed microbial inoculum is 2%.
Example 6 non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System
The embodiment provides a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system based on the embodiment 1, wherein the nutrient soil is organic nutrient matrix and the mass ratio of the non-cultivated land sand soil is 1.5:0.7, the compound fertilizer is 0.2g/kg, the diammonium phosphate fertilizer is 0.1g/kg, the seed soaking time is 8 hours, and the addition amount of the decomposed microbial inoculum is 1%.
Example 7 non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System
The embodiment provides a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system based on the embodiment 1, wherein the nutrient soil is organic nutrient matrix and the mass ratio of the non-cultivated land sand soil is 1.7:0.5, the compound fertilizer is 0.6g/kg, the diammonium phosphate fertilizer is 0.4g/kg, the seed soaking time is 12 hours, and the addition amount of the decomposed microbial inoculum is 3%.
Example 8 non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System
The embodiment provides a non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system based on the embodiment 1, wherein the nutrient soil is organic nutrient matrix and the mass ratio of the non-cultivated land sand soil is 1.7:0.7, the compound fertilizer is 0.5g/kg, the diammonium phosphate fertilizer is 0.2g/kg, the seed soaking time is 9 hours, and the addition amount of the decomposed microbial inoculum is 2%.
Example 9 application of a non-cultivated land protected vegetable cultivation System in tomato planting
The present embodiment is based on examples 1 to 8, and the effect of the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system and the integrated device applicable thereto provided by the present invention in the practical application process is examined. According to the scheme provided by the embodiment 5 of the invention, after the walnut stem branches are composted and decomposed, the walnut stem branches are applied to tomato planting (group A), the Xinjiang non-cultivated land active cultivation system is used for cultivation (group B), the commercial decomposition agent is used for decomposing walnut branches to prepare nutrient soil, the cultivation system (group C) is used for comparison, three tests are carried out on each group in parallel, the rest test conditions are the same, meanwhile, the embodiment 6-8 of the invention is tested, and specific data are shown in tables 1-3.
TABLE 1 influence of the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System of the invention on seed germination Rate in tomato seedling stage
TABLE 2 influence of the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System of the invention on tomato growth conditions
TABLE 3 influence of the non-cultivated land protected vegetable cultivation System of the invention on the quality of cultivated tomatoes
From the data in tables 1-3, it can be seen that the germination rate of tomato seeds in different time periods is obviously improved when the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system provided by the application is applied to tomato cultivation, compared with a common cultivation system, the cultivation system and a commercial nutrient soil cultivation system, the germination rate of tomatoes is improved by more than 4% in 7 days, wherein the germination rate is improved by 16-29% in comparison with the cultivation system used in the non-cultivated land in Xinjiang, and is improved by 4-15% in comparison with the cultivation system and the nutrient soil cultivation prepared by the decomposed walnut branches of the commercial decomposition agent; the cultivation system has the advantages that the germination rate of tomatoes is improved by 11-21% compared with the cultivation system for the non-cultivated land in Xinjiang, the nutrient soil cultivation is improved by 5-15% compared with the cultivation system for preparing the nutritional soil by using the walnut branches which are thoroughly decomposed by the commercial ripener, the germination rate of tomatoes is improved by 6-13% compared with the cultivation system for the non-cultivated land in Xinjiang, the cultivation is improved by 2-9% compared with the cultivation system for preparing the nutritional soil by using the walnut branches which are thoroughly decomposed by the commercial ripener, the cultivation system for preparing the nutritional soil in Xinjiang, the growth condition of tomatoes in the growing period is further investigated, and the result shows that the cultivation system provided by the application has the advantages that the transplanting survival rate of tomatoes is obviously improved, the plant height, the stem thickness and the fruit deformity rate of tomatoes are obviously improved, and especially the deformity fruit rate of tomatoes is reduced to below 7%, the cultivation system is favorable for the growth of tomatoes in the aspects of tomato nutrition supply, moisture and illumination, and the quality of tomatoes is further proved to be applied to tomato cultivation system for growing crops. The organic nutrient medium provided by the application has the advantages that the decomposition rate of organic matters on the branches of the forest fruits is increased, the sufficient nutrients of nutrient soil are ensured, the utilization of solar energy and water resources by the system integration device is further realized, so that the germination rate of the tomato in the seedling stage is obviously improved, the growth requirement of the tomato seedlings after the transplanting is met by the organic combination of the system integration device and the soilless culture nutrient solution after the transplanting of the tomato seedlings, the yield of the tomato is improved, the quality of the tomato is ensured, and the system integration device and the soilless culture nutrient solution have important significance for the utilization of agricultural wastes and the reduction of the cultivation cost of facility vegetables in non-cultivated lands.
Example 10 application of non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System in other growths
The present embodiment is based on examples 1 to 9, and the effect of the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system and the integrated device applicable thereto provided by the present invention in the practical application process is examined. According to the scheme provided by the embodiment 5 of the invention, after the walnut stem branches are composted, the walnut stem branches are applied to the cultivation of peppers (A group), cucumbers (B group) and cantaloupes (C group), the peppers (D group), cucumbers (E group) and cantaloupes (F group) are cultivated by using the Xinjiang non-cultivated land on-site cultivation system as a comparison, three tests are carried out on each group in parallel, the rest test conditions are the same, and specific data are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation System of the invention on the cultivation of the remaining vegetables
As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the non-cultivated land facility vegetable cultivation system provided by the invention is applied to the cultivation of peppers, cucumbers and cantaloupes, and the survival rate of transplanting vegetable seedlings, the number of seedling reviving days and the deformity rate and cost accounting after the vegetables are mature are improved obviously. The cultivation system provided by the invention is applied to planting different vegetables and fruits, the seedling transplanting survival rate is improved by 12.33-25.65% compared with that of the existing cultivation system in the non-cultivated land in Xinjiang, the seedling reviving period is shortened to be within 7d, the abnormal fruit rate is reduced by 3-8%, meanwhile, the cost of vegetable planting is obviously reduced on the basis of greatly reducing the characteristics of the climate and the water quality in Xinjiang and the transportation cost, and the cultivation system is applied to the planting of the facility vegetables in the non-cultivated land, is beneficial to the growth of crops and is suitable for wide popularization.
The above examples are only illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While remaining within the scope of the invention, obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated.
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| CN214853402U (en) * | 2021-03-27 | 2021-11-26 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Facility vegetable equipment suitable for saline and alkaline land |
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| CN214853402U (en) * | 2021-03-27 | 2021-11-26 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Facility vegetable equipment suitable for saline and alkaline land |
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