CN113089937A - Automatic blue-green roof system based on solar energy and microbial power generation - Google Patents
Automatic blue-green roof system based on solar energy and microbial power generation Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
- E04D13/0404—Drainage on the roof surface
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于太阳能和微生物发电的自动化蓝绿屋顶系统，包括：种植层，在所述种植层设置有植物微生物燃料电池模块，所述植物微生物燃料电池模块与蓄电装置连接；蓄水支撑层，位于所述种植层的下方；蓄水池，与所述蓄水支撑层连通；滴灌装置，通过输水管道与所述蓄水池连通，在所述管道上设置有输水装置；太阳能发电组件，与所述蓄电装置连接。本发明中的植物微生物燃料电池模块，在光照强度低的情况下可用于对太阳能发电进行补充。同时，本发明所述的屋顶系统对清洁能源的利用也有助于提高碳减排的效果，同时绿色植物吸收空气中的二氧化碳，有效缓解了城市热岛效应。
The invention provides an automatic blue-green roof system based on solar energy and microbial power generation, comprising: a planting layer, a plant microbial fuel cell module is arranged on the planting layer, and the plant microbial fuel cell module is connected with a power storage device; a water support layer, located below the planting layer; a water storage tank, communicated with the water storage support layer; a drip irrigation device, communicated with the water storage tank through a water delivery pipeline, and a water delivery device is arranged on the pipeline ; A solar power generation component connected with the power storage device. The plant microbial fuel cell module in the present invention can be used to supplement solar power generation under the condition of low light intensity. At the same time, the utilization of clean energy by the roof system of the present invention also helps to improve the effect of carbon emission reduction, and at the same time, green plants absorb carbon dioxide in the air, thereby effectively alleviating the urban heat island effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of greening roofs, in particular to an automatic blue-green roof system based on solar energy and microbial power generation.
Background
Climate change and urbanization are topics that people are currently generally concerned about. Due to the rapid increase in economy, the urbanization process in many countries is increasingly accelerated, causing natural landscapes and urban surroundings to be destroyed. Green roofs are roofs with different plants planted on a substrate, and this design is intended to achieve a variety of social, economic and environmental benefits through vegetation on the top of the building. Due to the multiple benefits of beautifying the environment, adjusting local microclimate, regulating storage and precipitation, reducing energy consumption and the like, many countries are promoting green roof construction and performing more optimization design on the implementation and performance of roof greening.
Modern green roofs began in germany in the early 60 s of the 20 th century, and germans began to build green roofs to reduce building energy consumption due to the emergence of energy crisis. The german landscape design institute has hereafter issued guidelines for green roof construction. The vegetation and the matrix layer of the green roof have the capacity of storing water, and the condition that the waterproof surface of the roof of a modern building flows immediately in rainy days is changed, so that the green roof can reduce and delay the surface runoff peak value and has good rainwater regulation and storage effects. The substrate and the vegetation layer in the green roof also play an important role in absorbing pollutants in rainwater, and the substrate can absorb pollutants and heavy metals in the rainwater so as to improve the water quality. In addition, the reduction of the surface temperature of the building is also an important function of the urban green roof, so that the energy conservation and carbon emission reduction of the building can be realized. In summer, the sun radiation absorbed by the surface of a building is reduced through the shading and transpiration effects of plant leaves and canopy, the heat and humidity balance of the environment is changed, and the refrigeration load of the air conditioner of the building is reduced; in winter, the green plants on the roof can play a role of a wind screen, thereby reducing the penetration amount of cold wind and reducing the heating heat load of the building. Compared with the common modes of reflection, ventilation, mechanical temperature control and the like, the plant greening and heat insulation mode is more beneficial to the fundamental improvement of the indoor and outdoor thermal environment quality.
In recent years, the global popularization and application of the green roof is promoted by the transformation and the optimized design of the green roof. Blue-green roof is a novel green roof transformation form, compares with traditional green roof, and this kind of roof has increased the cistern that has open water face in the design, helps damming and storing more precipitation in soil aquifer and cistern. The rainwater stored in the reservoir can be used for irrigating roof vegetation, and can also be used for flushing toilets, indoor cleaning and other common domestic water.
Hybrid photovoltaic green roofing is a new direction for the green roofing industry. The photovoltaic panels provide electrical energy for green system operation and help in roof shading. However, the photovoltaic power generation is greatly influenced by weather and cannot continuously generate power for 24 hours, so that the storage capacity of a roof system cannot be met normally, and additional power supply is still required. Under the condition, how to explore a clean and pollution-free energy utilization mode suitable for a roof greenbelt system and construct an automatic blue-green roof system with low carbon, emission reduction and high automation degree is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem that the photovoltaic cell in the prior art cannot completely meet the requirement of the operation of a roof greenbelt system, and further provides an automatic blue-green roof system which is clean and pollution-free, can effectively save energy and reduce emission and has high automation degree.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an automated blue-green roof system based on solar and microbial power generation, comprising: a planting layer, wherein a plant microbial fuel cell module is arranged on the planting layer, and the plant microbial fuel cell module is connected with an electric storage device; the water storage supporting layer is positioned below the planting layer; the water storage tank is communicated with the water storage supporting layer; the drip irrigation device is communicated with the reservoir through a water conveying pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a water conveying device; and the solar power generation assembly is connected with the power storage device.
The power storage device is used for supplying power to a power utilization device in the automatic blue-green roof system.
The plant microbial fuel cell module comprises a cathode electrode plate and an anode electrode plate, wherein the cathode electrode plate is exposed in the air, the anode electrode plate is positioned at the bottom of the soil, and electrogenic bacteria are fixed at the anode electrode plate.
The plant microbial fuel cell module is a rectangular box body, soil is filled in the rectangular box body, plants are planted in the rectangular box body, the cathode electrode plate is a side plate of the rectangular box body, and the anode electrode plate is a bottom plate of the box body.
The plant microbial fuel cell module is provided with a plurality of plant microbial fuel cell modules which are arranged in parallel, and a gap is formed between every two adjacent plant microbial fuel cell modules.
The drip irrigation device comprises a plurality of drip irrigation branches, and each drip irrigation branch is provided with a spray head and a first electromagnetic valve; and a pressure stabilizing valve and a flow meter are arranged on a water conveying pipeline between the drip irrigation device and the reservoir.
The water-fertilizer mixer comprises a mixing tank, a water inlet, a liquid outlet and a feed inlet are formed in the mixing tank, and a stirrer is installed in the mixing tank; the water delivery pipeline is communicated with a water inlet of the water-fertilizer mixer through a water flow branch pipe, and a liquid outlet of the water-fertilizer mixer is communicated with the water delivery pipeline through a backflow branch pipe.
A liquid level control valve and a second electromagnetic valve for controlling the liquid level in the mixing tank are arranged on the water flow branch pipe; and the backflow branch pipe is provided with a backflow prevention device.
Automatic blue-green roof system based on solar energy and microbial power generation still be provided with irrigation monitoring system, irrigation monitoring system includes: the data acquisition device comprises an air temperature sensor and a soil humidity sensor; the central processing device is connected with the data acquisition device, receives the data information transmitted by the soil humidity sensor and judges the data information; the central processing unit is simultaneously connected with the water delivery device and the solenoid valves on the drip irrigation branches respectively, and controls the actions of the water delivery device and the solenoid valves according to the judgment result.
The water level sensor is arranged in the water storage tank, the water storage tank is communicated with a municipal pipeline through a liquid supplementing pipeline, a liquid supplementing pump and a third electromagnetic valve are installed on the liquid supplementing pipeline, the water level sensor and the liquid supplementing pump are respectively connected with the central processing device, and the central processing device receives data information transmitted by the water level sensor and controls the action of the liquid supplementing pump according to the data information.
The automatic blue-green roof system based on solar energy and microbial power generation has the advantages that:
the automatic blue-green roof system based on solar energy and microbial power generation is provided with the plant microbial fuel cell module (P-MFC), the power generation mode of the module can be used as a supplement of solar energy power generation, and the module is applied to power supply of equipment such as an irrigation monitoring system, a water delivery device and an electromagnetic valve of the roof system. Compared with the traditional green roof which takes greening as a main function, the microbial decomposition and energy production is fully utilized, and the average energy production capacity per 500 square meters can reach 290kWh taking the cord grass as an example. Compared with a solar power generation device, the microbial fuel cell is less influenced by factors such as illumination and the like, can continuously work for 24 hours, and can be used for supplementing solar power generation under the condition of low illumination intensity. Meanwhile, the roof system disclosed by the invention is also beneficial to improving the effect of carbon emission reduction by utilizing clean energy, and meanwhile, the green plants absorb carbon dioxide in the air, so that the urban heat island effect is effectively relieved.
In addition, the water source required by the irrigation device mainly comes from rainwater collection, and the water storage supporting layer positioned below the planting layer is communicated with the water storage tank, so that the water storage area can be increased, and the rainwater on the building roof can be effectively recycled.
The irrigation monitoring system of the invention is beneficial to maintaining the soil humidity at a stable value. The effect that sets up like this lies in, adopts soil moisture sensor to detect the soil moisture around the plant roots on the one hand, and the humidity data that will detect out are transmitted into central processing unit again and are calculated. If the detected soil humidity value is smaller than the set value, the relay control electromagnetic valve is opened to carry out automatic irrigation until the sensor detects that the soil humidity value is larger than or equal to the soil water-holding capacity, and the relay control electromagnetic valve is closed, so that the good growth of plants is ensured. On the other hand, the soil humidity influences the transfer of electrons in the plant microbial fuel cell, and the soil humidity is maintained to be about 60% through cooperation with the irrigation device, so that smooth transfer of anions and cations can be guaranteed. Besides soil humidity, the density and activity of electrogenic bacteria can also influence the performance of the plant microbial fuel cell, and due to uncertainty of soil microbes, the general bacterial species and quantity in the soil can be known by adopting a sampling counting method in application, and electrogenic bacteria such as desulfurization corms, rhizobia, geobacillus and the like can be supplemented appropriately.
In order to make the technical scheme of the automatic blue-green roof system based on solar energy and microbial power generation more clearly understood, the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automated solar and microbial power generation-based blue-green roof system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a plant microbial fuel cell module according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of two adjacent plant microbial fuel cell modules according to the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1-planting layer; 111-plant microbial fuel cell module; 112-a separator; 113-a cathode electrode plate; 114-an anode electrode plate; 2-a filter layer; 3-a water storage supporting layer; 4-root puncture prevention layer; 5-waterproof layer; 6-a water reservoir; 9-drip irrigation branch; 10-air temperature sensor; 11-a soil moisture sensor; 12-a central processing device; 13-water conveying pipeline; 14-a solar power generation assembly; 16-a water delivery pump; 17-a feed port; 18-a liquid manure mixer; 19-a return manifold; 20-water flow branch pipes; 21-electric storage means.
Detailed Description
This embodiment provides an automatic blue-green roof system based on solar energy and microbial power generation, as shown in fig. 1, the roof system includes: a planting layer 1, wherein a plant microbial fuel cell module 111 is arranged in a soil layer of the planting layer 1, and the plant microbial fuel cell module 111 is connected with an electric storage device 21; as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the plant microbial fuel cell module 111 is provided in plurality, the plant microbial fuel cell modules 111 are arranged in parallel in an electrical connection relationship, and the plant microbial fuel cell modules 111 are arranged in a plurality of rows. A gap is formed between two adjacent plant microbial fuel cell modules 111, and is used for laying a circuit and forming a water flowing gap, so that water flows can conveniently pass through the gap. Each plant microbial fuel cell module 111 is a rectangular box body, soil is filled in the rectangular box body, plants are planted in the rectangular box body, the height of a space in each rectangular box body is 35cm, the length of each rectangular box body is 27.5cm, and the width of each rectangular box body is 19.5 cm. Each plant microbial fuel cell module 111 comprises a group of cathode electrode plates 113 and anode electrode plates 114, wherein the cathode electrode plates 113 are exposed to the air, the anode electrode plates 114 are located inside the planting layer 1, specifically at the bottom end of the soil layer, and electrogenic bacteria are fixed at the anode electrode plates 114 and adopt one or more of the electrogenic bacteria of desulfurization corm genus, rhizobium, geobacillus and the like. The cathode electrode plate 113 is a side plate of the rectangular box, and the anode electrode plate 114 is a bottom plate of the box. In a preferred embodiment, in a row of plant microbial fuel cell modules 111, the cathode electrode plates 113 of two adjacent plant microbial fuel cell modules 111 are located on the same plane, and a partition plate 112 is disposed between two adjacent plant microbial fuel cell modules 111 to separate the tanks.
The cathode electrode plate 113 and the anode electrode plate 114 in this embodiment are graphite felt electrode plates, and before use, the anode electrode plate 114 is subjected to acid and heat treatment to increase its hydrophilicity and the roughness of the carbon nanofibers. In the embodiment, vegetables and rice grass are preferably used as the plants planted in the plant microbial fuel cell module 111, and the vegetables are edible plants, so that the ecological and economic benefits can be generated; the cord grass is a crop with high electric production efficiency, and the annual average production capacity of the cord grass-soil microbial fuel cell per 500 square meters can reach 290 kWh.
In the present embodiment, the power storage device 21 is a 150Ah/12V storage battery, the cathode electrode plate 113 and the anode electrode plate 114 of the plant microbial fuel cell module 111 are connected to the storage battery through external leads, and the generated current is stored in the storage battery.
A filter layer 2 and a water storage support layer 3 are sequentially arranged below the planting layer 1, and the filter layer 2 is a polyester non-woven fabric layer in the embodiment. The water storage supporting layer 3 below the filter layer 2 is internally provided with a supporting net rack which plays a role of bearing and supporting, and meanwhile, rainwater seeping downwards through the filter layer 2 can be stored in the water storage supporting layer 3. And a root puncture prevention layer 4 and a waterproof layer 5 positioned below the root puncture prevention layer 4 are sequentially paved on the bottom surface of the water storage supporting layer 3. The root penetration preventing waterproof layer 5 is made of any one of a high polymer modified asphalt waterproof coiled material, a polyvinyl chloride waterproof coiled material and a thermoplastic polyolefin waterproof coiled material, so that the root penetration preventing waterproof layer has the dual performances of root penetration resistance and water resistance.
The roof system is provided with a reservoir 6, the reservoir 6 with the water storage supporting layer 3 intercommunication for save surplus rainwater. In the embodiment, the reservoir is positioned above the water storage supporting layer 3 and in the middle of the planting layer, so that the occupied area is saved. When the water storage supporting layer 3 is full of water, the water storage tank 6 is continuously utilized to store rainwater. As an alternative, the reservoir 6 may also be arranged outside the planting level. The reservoir 6 is simultaneously communicated with the drip irrigation device through a water pipeline 13, and the water pipeline 13 is provided with a water delivery device which is a water delivery pump 16. The drip irrigation device comprises a plurality of drip irrigation branches, each drip irrigation branch is provided with a drip irrigation port and a first electromagnetic valve; a pressure stabilizing valve and a flow meter are arranged on a water conveying pipeline 13 between the drip irrigation device and the reservoir 6.
The automatic blue-green roof system based on solar energy and microbial power generation of the embodiment is further provided with a water-fertilizer mixer 18, the water-fertilizer mixer 18 comprises a mixing tank, a water inlet, a liquid outlet and a feed inlet 17 are formed in the mixing tank, and a stirrer is installed in the mixing tank; the water pipe 13 is communicated with a water inlet of the water-fertilizer mixer 18 through a water flow branch pipe 20, a liquid outlet of the water-fertilizer mixer 18 flows back to the water pipe 13 through a return branch pipe 19, and a liquid level control valve and a second electromagnetic valve for controlling the liquid level in the mixing tank are arranged on the water flow branch pipe; and the backflow branch pipe is provided with a backflow prevention device, and the backflow prevention device adopts a check valve. And a pressure stabilizing valve and a flow meter which are arranged on the water conveying pipeline 13 are positioned at the upstream of the water flow branch pipe.
When water in the reservoir 6 passes through the water conveying pipeline 13, the water flows at constant pressure under the action of a pressure stabilizing valve, and the water quantity is monitored through a flowmeter. The reservoir 6 is provided with an overflow port, and can discharge water when the water level is high. This embodiment is provided with level sensor in the cistern 6, level sensor is located on the inner wall face of cistern 6, cistern 6 is provided with the moisturizing mouth, and the moisturizing mouth passes through moisturizing pipeline and municipal pipeline intercommunication install fluid infusion pump and third solenoid valve on the moisturizing pipeline, level sensor with the fluid infusion pump is connected with central processing unit 12 respectively, central processing unit 12 receives the data message of level sensor transmission and controls according to data message the action of fluid infusion pump. The water storage tank 6 mainly takes rainwater as a water source, and water is supplemented through a water supplementing port externally connected with a municipal pipeline when the rainwater is less. When the water level sensor on the inner side wall surface of the water storage tank 6 monitors that the water level of the water storage tank 6 is lower than 5cm, the signal of the water level sensor is transmitted to the central processing unit 12, the liquid supplementing pump and the third electromagnetic valve are controlled to be opened, when the water in the water storage tank 6 reaches the specified height of 5cm again, the liquid supplementing pump and the third electromagnetic valve are controlled to be closed, and water supplementing is stopped.
This embodiment still is provided with irrigation monitoring system, irrigation monitoring system includes: the data acquisition device comprises an air temperature sensor 10 and a soil humidity sensor 11; the central processing device 12 is connected with the data acquisition device, receives the data information transmitted by the soil humidity sensor 11 and judges the data information; the central processing unit 12 is connected to the water delivery unit, the first solenoid valve of the drip irrigation branch 9, the second solenoid valve of the water branch pipe, the third solenoid valve of the fluid infusion pipe, and the fluid infusion pump, respectively, and controls the actions of the water delivery unit and the solenoid valves according to the judgment result. This embodiment adopts soil moisture sensor 11 to detect plant roots's surrounding soil moisture, and the humidity data that will detect out again transmits into central processing unit 12 and calculates, central processing unit 12 is middle and upper limit of soil moisture, soil moisture and the value of setting for the temperature of storage, if detect that soil moisture value is less than soil moisture lower limit, the irrigation facility is opened automatically to the system. The central processing unit 12 controls the water delivery device and the first electromagnetic valve to be opened for automatic irrigation until the sensor detects that the soil humidity value is larger than or equal to the upper limit value of the soil humidity, and controls the water delivery device and the first electromagnetic valve to be closed to stop irrigation.
The centerThe processing device 12 is provided with a single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer used in the system is an AT89S52 single chip microcomputer, and is a low-power-consumption and high-performance microcontroller. The soil moisture monitoring sensor is powered by direct current, the working voltage is 10-30V, the measurement principle is a soil moisture TDR method, and the power is less than or equal to 1W. The air temperature sensor 10 is also supplied with direct current, the working voltage is 12-24V, the maximum power consumption is 0.4W, and the power is less than or equal to 0.15W (12V DC, under the condition of 25 ℃). Considering the problems of monitoring precision and cost, the two sensors are arranged at every 50m2A group of plants is placed in the area of the planting layer in the area, and soil moisture and air temperature conditions in the area are monitored and reflected. Also, as a preferred embodiment, the plurality of drip irrigation branches 9 of the drip irrigation device may be divided into a plurality of groups, one group being placed in each zone, enabling individual control for the different zones.
The voltage of the electromagnetic valve used by the system is 12-14V, the power is 4W, and the electromagnetic valve is arranged at the water replenishing port, the water flow branch pipe 20 of the water and fertilizer mixer 18 and the branch pipeline of each drip irrigation system for control.
The roof system according to the present embodiment is further provided with a solar power generation module 14, and the solar power generation module 14 is also connected to the power storage device 21; the electric power storage device 21 is connected to each electric device in the system, and is used for supplying power to the electric power device, wherein the electric power device includes the water delivery device, the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve, a fluid infusion pump, a central processing unit, an air temperature sensor 10 and a soil humidity sensor 11. Since the power storage device 21 supplies dc power, the system is provided with a converter, and the ac power consumers are supplied with power after converting the dc power into ac power by the converter.
The operation process of the automatic blue-green roof system based on solar energy and microbial power generation in the embodiment is as follows: when rainfall happens, rainwater enters the water storage supporting layer 3 through the planting layer 1 and the filtering layer 2, and when the rainwater is large. The redundant rainwater enters the reservoir 6 and is stored in the reservoir 6. Irrigation monitoring system's air temperature sensor 10 and soil moisture sensor 11 detect air temperature value and soil moisture value respectively, wherein the soil moisture sensor 11 detectable of different regions is the soil moisture in the region of each. Air temperature sensor 10 and soil moisture sensor send detected data to central processing unit 12, central processing unit 12 judges according to received data message, if a certain regional soil humidity value is less than soil humidity lower limit value, central processing unit 12 control water delivery device and first solenoid valve open and carry out automatic irrigation, until the sensor detects that soil humidity value is greater than or equal to soil humidity upper limit value, control water delivery device and first solenoid valve close, stop irrigating. When preparation is required to be fertilized, the central processing unit 12 controls the second electromagnetic valve to be opened, most of water flows to the drip irrigation branch pipe through the water pipeline 13 to irrigate vegetation, the other small part of water flows to the water-fertilizer mixer 18 and is mixed with fertilizer added through the feed inlet 17 in the mixing tank under the action of the motor-driven stirring device, and when the water level in the mixing tank reaches a certain value, the water level control valve closes the water flow branch pipe channel between the reservoir 6 and the water-fertilizer mixer 18. The liquid fertilizer mixed liquid in the mixing pipe flows back to the water pipeline 13 through the backflow branch pipe, at the moment, the liquid level control valve is opened due to the fact that the water level in the mixing tank drops, the water in the water storage tank 6 flows to the mixing tank again, and the liquid fertilizer mixing in the next stage is carried out.
Both the plant microbial fuel cell module 111 and the photovoltaic power generation module described in this embodiment can generate electric energy. The plant microbial fuel cell module 111 converts chemical energy generated by plants into electric energy, the plants convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis during growth, the chemical energy is stored in the plants in the form of organic matters, organic acids are released to soil during material exchange and transportation of the plants through roots and the soil, and the organic matters are oxidized and decomposed under the action of soil microbes, and the process is performed at an anode. Meanwhile, the oxygen at the cathode undergoes a reduction reaction, and electrons generated by a complete oxidation reaction are transferred in the soil, so that the microbial fuel cell is formed.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115336490A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-15 | 中国市政工程中南设计研究总院有限公司 | A power-free and maintenance-free green roof design system |
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