CN113074950A - Simulation method for automobile braking test in test yard - Google Patents
Simulation method for automobile braking test in test yard Download PDFInfo
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- CN113074950A CN113074950A CN202010010515.5A CN202010010515A CN113074950A CN 113074950 A CN113074950 A CN 113074950A CN 202010010515 A CN202010010515 A CN 202010010515A CN 113074950 A CN113074950 A CN 113074950A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, and discloses a simulation method for an automobile braking test in a test yard, which comprises the following steps: (1) confirming vehicle and brake parameters; (2) sampling brake test data on the existing road; (3) counting the time and energy distribution condition of each temperature section of the brake, the time distribution condition of each speed section and the deceleration distribution condition; (4) calculating the running parameters of the vehicles in the test yard according to the distribution condition; (5) fitting a target value range of the simulation method according to the operation parameters; (6) according to the calculated running parameters, a plurality of brake sub-operation methods are set up; (7) carrying out standardization processing on each sub-operation method; (8) resulting in a sub-operation method within the target value range. The invention comprehensively considers the input of various influencing factors and simultaneously ensures the accurate control of the test strength on the premise of safe operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobiles, and particularly relates to a simulation method for an automobile braking test in a test yard.
Background
The brake plays an important role in the running and stopping of the motor vehicle as an important safety component of the motor vehicle. In recent years, the requirement of people on the comfort of passenger cars is higher and higher, so that the brake shaking phenomenon of the cars is gradually emphasized, and the slight brake shaking phenomenon can be perceived by a careful driver to influence the comfort; the serious shaking can lead the vehicle to lose control and cause safety accidents, so that how to find the brake shaking phenomenon in time in the design verification stage of the vehicle and improve and solve the problem in pertinence is necessary.
At present, the brake judder phenomenon is assessed by two methods: one method is to test the brake durability test bed in a test room, control parameters such as the rotating speed of a brake disc, the pressure of a brake pipeline, the temperature of the brake disc and the like, and check whether the brake shakes or not through fixed times of braking operation. The assessment method has the advantages of accurate control, easy execution and short test period; the method has the advantages that the input of the actual vehicle test comprises the road surface, the tire characteristics, the environmental weather and other influence factors, the brake shaking condition of the brake can be truly and objectively evaluated, the running test on the public road cannot be well guaranteed, the running condition of the vehicle is greatly influenced by the real-time traffic condition, the evaluation strength of the brake durability cannot be kept stable, and the conditions of over-evaluation or under-evaluation exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a simulation method for a vehicle braking test in a test yard, which not only comprehensively considers the input of various influencing factors, but also ensures that the test strength is accurately controlled on the premise of safe operation.
One aspect of the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a simulation method for a vehicle braking test in a test yard comprises the following steps:
(1) confirming vehicle and brake parameters;
(2) sampling brake test data on the existing road;
(3) counting the time and energy distribution condition of each temperature section of the brake, the time distribution condition of each speed section and the deceleration distribution condition;
(4) calculating to obtain the running parameters of the vehicles in the test yard according to the distribution condition;
(5) fitting a target value range of the simulation method according to the operation parameters;
(6) building a plurality of brake sub-operation methods according to the calculated operation parameters;
(7) carrying out standardization processing on each sub-operation method;
(8) resulting in a sub-operation method within the target value range.
Optionally, according to an aspect of the invention, the brake parameters in step (1) include brake type and model, total mass and axle load distribution.
Optionally, according to an aspect of the present invention, in the step (2), the brake test data sampling includes recording the running speed, the acceleration, the temperature of the front brake disc and the ambient temperature, and the brake pedal position signal of the vehicle in real time at a certain sampling frequency.
Optionally, according to an aspect of the present invention, the braking test samples a plurality of sets of data, and counts the number of times of braking, the average deceleration of braking, and the travel distance, deceleration distribution, and travel speed distribution of the vehicle.
Optionally, according to an aspect of the present invention, the process of building the brake sub-operation method in (6) is respectively applicable to different test road sections: high speed areas, ramp areas, urban roads and connecting loops.
Optionally, according to an aspect of the present invention, the brake sub-operation method is a vehicle brake condition, a medium-low speed driving condition, and a hill braking factor is added.
Optionally, according to an aspect of the present invention, the normalization process in the step (7) is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that the speed and the deceleration of each brake sub-operation method, the temperature of a front brake disc and the ambient temperature are collected in real time by the same vehicle under the same test condition;
according to Tt＝T0+aebxFitting the raw temperature data with a formula, where T0Initial brake disc temperature, a coefficient, b coefficient of heating (cooling), x duration of braking or number of times of braking, according to a given T0Can fit out TtThe change curve along with the braking time or the braking times is obtained, and T corresponding to each sub-operation method is obtained0、a、b。
Optionally, according to an aspect of the present invention, before the step (8), the step of connecting the sub-operation method, comparing the braking intensity of the previous braking operation with the current braking intensity, confirming the temperature decreasing or increasing process, and estimating the temperature distribution.
Alternatively, according to an aspect of the present invention, in the step (8), the sub-operation method is determined based on the time distribution and the energy distribution of the total temperature section, the time distribution of the corresponding speed section, and the number of times of braking such that the time distribution and the energy distribution of the temperature section during the entire operation process are close to the target values.
Alternatively, according to an aspect of the invention, the target value is a target value determined for an energy distribution with a temperature above 80 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention include but are not limited to:
(1) the defect that the brake endurance test bed in the test room has incomplete assessment factors is overcome;
(2) the problem that the stability of the brake endurance test process of the public road is difficult to control is well avoided on the premise of safe operation;
(3) the simulation method is feasible, safe and effective.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a temperature rise versus time history for a test yard operating method;
FIG. 2 is a temperature rise-braking times chart of a test yard operation method;
FIG. 3 is a temperature drop-time history chart of a test yard operating method;
FIG. 4 is a temperature drop-braking times chart of a test yard operation method;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the time profiles of the temperature segments;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the energy distribution in the temperature section.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail a specific embodiment of a simulation method for a test yard vehicle braking test according to an aspect of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The simulation method for the automobile braking test in the test yard can be refined into the following steps:
(a) completing data sampling work on a braking endurance test of a public road and counting the time and energy distribution condition, the time distribution condition and the deceleration distribution condition of each temperature segment;
(b) calculating the mean and variance of the time and energy distribution in each temperature segment and establishing the target range of the simulation method;
(c) making different brake sub-operation methods in a test yard and completing measurement and analysis of sampling signals;
(d) fitting the original data signal by using a theoretical formula to complete the standardization work of the sub-operation method;
(e) building different sub-operation methods, and analyzing and estimating the temperature distribution condition, the time and energy distribution of each temperature section, the time distribution condition of the speed section and the braking frequency condition by using a standardized theoretical formula;
(f) confirming that the time distribution and the energy distribution of the temperature section of the built-up sub-operation method are within the area range of the target value.
The detailed procedure of the brake durability test is as follows:
first, a target value of a test yard simulation method is established, data sampling work is performed on an existing road brake durability test, and the type and model of a brake, the total mass, and the axle load distribution of a vehicle are confirmed. And recording signals of the running speed, the acceleration, the temperature and the environment temperature of a front brake disc, the position of a brake pedal and the like of the vehicle in real time at a certain sampling frequency. In order to ensure the reliability of the data, more than a plurality of sampling operations are carried out, the acquired signal data are processed, the duration and the braking energy of each temperature section are calculated in a subsection mode at a certain temperature interval, and the braking times, the average deceleration of braking and the running distance of the vehicle are calculated. It is confirmed that the target value of the duration time of each temperature section of the braking operation in the test yard is in the numerical range of the average value and the average value plus twice the variance, and especially the time distribution energy distribution of the temperature section of the high temperature section is the object of key examination. And secondly, counting deceleration distribution, running speed distribution and braking times for reference of the test yard making sub-operation method.
And then, a brake sub-operation method of the test yard is formulated, and a sub-operation method which accords with the running characteristics of the test yard is formulated according to the time distribution of the speed section of the road brake endurance test and the distribution condition of the brake deceleration by combining the running rule of the test yard. The test road section is divided into a high-speed area, a ramp area, an urban road and necessary connecting loops. The high-speed loop is used as a main area of a test, high-speed and high-temperature working conditions are simulated, and a light braking working condition is mainly used; under the working condition of reproducing a high-temperature section in the ramp area, the influence factors of the ramp on braking are added; the urban road is concentrated on low speed and low temperature, and the actual running working conditions of low speed and medium deceleration of the vehicle are simulated; the connection loop serves on the one hand to connect the individual test areas and on the other hand to simulate a random braking operation as part of a braking endurance test.
And the standard and formula brake sub-operation methods are characterized in that the same vehicle is used for acquiring signals of speed, deceleration, temperature of a front brake disc, ambient temperature and the like of each brake sub-operation method in real time under the same test condition, and the signals are according to Tt＝T0+aebxFitting the raw temperature data with a formula, where T0Initial brake disc temperature, a coefficient, b coefficient of heating (cooling), x duration of braking or number of times of braking, according to a given T0Can fit out TtThe change curve along with the braking time or the braking times is obtained, and T corresponding to each sub-operation method is obtained0、a、b。
And finally, constructing a connection sub-operation method, and obtaining time change histories of the temperature in different operation modes, final equilibrium temperature and time of different temperature distribution sections after standardizing and formulating the sub-operation method. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, when different operation modes are switched, the temperature reduction or temperature rise process can be confirmed according to the comparison between the brake intensity of the previous brake operation and the current brake intensity, and the temperature distribution condition is estimated according to the corresponding fitting formula. The theoretical calculation formula is as follows: assume that the initial temperature is T0M operations are executed, the corresponding brake intensity obtains an equilibrium temperature higher than T0This operation process is considered as a temperature rise process. Adopting a temperature rise fitting formula Tt＝aebt+T0Obtaining the variation curve of the temperature along with the time according to the parameters a and b obtained by the m operation, dividing the temperature into certain intervals and counting the time of each temperature section
Wherein
Refers to the time at which the temperature is between 0 ℃ and 20 ℃ in the m operation.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, if n operations are performed after m operations and the braking intensity is less than the former, the temperature of the brake disc will decrease according to the formula T of decreasing the temperaturet＝aebt-T0Fitting the time-varying curve of temperature with the combination of n operating parameters, dividing the temperature into intervals of 20 deg.C, and counting the time of each temperature segment
Wherein
Refers to the time at which the temperature is from 0 ℃ to 20 ℃ in the n operation.
The temperature interval time profile for the entire m, n operation is as follows:
Assume that the initial temperature is T0M operations are executed, the corresponding brake intensity obtains an equilibrium temperature higher than T0This operation process is considered as a temperature rise process. Adopting a temperature rise fitting formula Tt＝aebx+T0Obtaining the variation curve of the temperature along with the braking times according to the parameters a and b obtained by m operation, dividing the temperature into the intervals of every 20 ℃ and counting the braking energy of each temperature section
Wherein
Refers to the energy at a temperature of 0 ℃ to 20 ℃ in the m operation.
If n operations are executed after m operations and the braking intensity is smaller than the former, the temperature of the brake disc will be reduced according to the formula T of temperature reductiont＝aebt-T0Fitting a curve of the temperature along with the braking times by combining the parameters of n operations, dividing the temperature into the intervals of every 20 ℃ and counting the braking energy of each temperature section
Wherein
The time of the temperature in the n operation is 0 ℃ to 20 DEG C。
The braking energy distribution of the temperature section of the whole m and n operation is as follows:
Since the braking operation process requires light braking, the braking deceleration thereof ranges from 0.1g to 0.2 g. Estimating the time distribution of the speed section according to the initial braking speed and the final braking speed required by the whole m, n operation, and estimating the time distribution of the speed section at intervals of 10km/h
And counting the braking times, wherein the execution time of each sub-specification is in positive correlation with the braking times. The braking times in the whole m, n operation can be obtained
After the individual sub-modes of operation are standardized, the equilibrium temperatures for each mode of operation are clarified. Suppose that sub-operations A, B, C, D, E, F, G are performed together for time tA,tB,tC,tD,tE,tF,tG. The second is to determine the order in which the sub-operations are performed and to determine whether the temperature is rising or falling. Assume that the canonical order of operation is as follows and that the temperature trend has been confirmed:
↑A→↑C→↓B→↓G→↑D→↑E→↓F
the way of its estimation is as follows: performing A operation tATime, the final temperature of the brake disc reaches T according to a fitting formulaAThe time distribution of the temperature section is
The energy distribution in the temperature section is
The time distribution of the velocity segment is
Operation A to operation C with an initial temperature TAThe time and energy distribution of the C operation is found according to the fitting formula (see fig. 5 and 6).
The time and energy distributions of the final total temperature period were:
wherein in the actual operation process, the time distribution and the energy distribution of the temperature above 80 ℃ are focused to reach the target values.
Time profile of its corresponding velocity segment:
the corresponding total braking times are as follows:
the time distribution and the energy distribution of the temperature section during the whole operation process are made to approach the target values by adjusting the time of each sub-operation specification and adjusting the necessary execution sequence.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A simulation method for a vehicle braking test in a test yard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) confirming vehicle and brake parameters;
(2) sampling brake test data on the existing road;
(3) counting the time and energy distribution condition of each temperature section of the brake, the time distribution condition of each speed section and the deceleration distribution condition;
(4) calculating to obtain the running parameters of the vehicles in the test yard according to the distribution condition;
(5) fitting a target value range of the simulation method according to the operation parameters;
(6) building a plurality of brake sub-operation methods according to the calculated operation parameters;
(7) carrying out standardization processing on each sub-operation method;
(8) resulting in a sub-operation method within the target value range.
2. The method for simulating the test of the braking of the test-yard automobiles according to claim 1, wherein the brake parameters in the step (1) comprise the type and model of the brake, the total mass and the axle load distribution.
3. The simulation method for the test yard automobile brake test according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the brake test data sampling comprises recording the running speed, the acceleration, the temperature and the environment temperature of the front brake disc and the brake pedal position signal of the automobile in real time at a certain sampling frequency.
4. The simulation method for the test yard automobile brake test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brake test samples multiple sets of data, and counts the number of times of braking, the average deceleration of braking, and the running distance, deceleration distribution, and running speed distribution of the vehicle.
5. The simulation method for the test yard automobile brake test according to claim 1, wherein the process of building the brake sub-operation method in the step (6) is respectively suitable for different test road sections: high speed areas, ramp areas, urban roads and connecting loops.
6. The simulation method for the test of the automobile brake in the test yard according to claim 5, wherein the brake operating method is a vehicle brake condition, a medium-low speed running condition and a ramp brake factor is added.
7. The simulation method for the test yard automobile brake test according to claim 1, wherein the normalization process in the step (7) is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that the speed and the deceleration of each brake sub-operation method, the temperature of a front brake disc and the ambient temperature are collected in real time by the same vehicle under the same test condition;
according to Tt＝T0+aebxFitting the raw temperature data with a formula, where T0Initial brake disc temperature, a coefficient, b coefficient of heating (cooling), x duration of braking or number of times of braking, according to a given T0Can fit out TtThe change curve along with the braking time or the braking times is obtained, and T corresponding to each sub-operation method is obtained0、a、b。
8. The method for simulating the braking test of the vehicle in the test yard according to claim 1, wherein the step (8) is preceded by a step of connecting the sub-operation methods, comparing the braking intensity of the previous braking operation with the current braking intensity, confirming the cooling or heating process, and estimating the temperature distribution.
9. The simulation method for the test yard automobile brake test according to claim 8, wherein in the step (8), the sub-operation method is determined according to the time distribution and the energy distribution of the total temperature section, the time distribution and the braking times of the corresponding speed section, so that the time distribution and the energy distribution of the temperature section in the whole operation process are close to the target values.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the target value is a target value determined from an energy distribution at a temperature of 80 ℃ or higher.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114136653A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2022-03-04 | 上汽大通房车科技有限公司 | Temperature rise and temperature drop test method in vehicle |
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Application publication date: 20210706 |